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牛津译林版 八年级下册 Unit 5 知识清单（二）
Reading
【知识精讲】
invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”。
→ invite sb. to + n.“邀请某人去……”。
shake one’s hand = shake hands with sb.“与某人握手”。
for the first time“首次；第一次”。
→ the first time“首次；第一次”。
greet：vt.“问候，打招呼”= say hello to sb.
greet sb. with a nod“以点头招呼某人”。
give sb. a kiss“给某人一个亲吻”。
close to“与……关系密切”；“离……近”。
avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”。
behave oneself“有礼貌或行为检点”。
in public“公开地，当众”。
→ a public library“一个公共图书馆”。
→ a public school“一个公立学校”。
excuse sb./sb.’s doing sth.“原谅某人做了某事”。
excuse sb. for sth./doing sth.“原谅某人做了某事”。
as well“也”。
→ as well as“也，还，除……之外”（连接两个并列成分）。
push相关短语：
push in“插队；加塞”；push one’s way“挤过去，奋力向前”； push on“继续”； push off“出发，离开”。
bump into“撞上；偶然碰见”。
in one’s way“挡住某人的路”。
→ in the way“妨碍；挡路”。
→ on one’s way to...“在某人去……的路上”。
→ by the way“顺便问一下”。
→ in a way“在某种程度上”。
→ in this way“用这种方法”。
till/until用于肯定句时，主句中用延续性动词；用于否定句时，主句的动词用非延续性动词。
all the time = always“一直”。
by accident“偶然，意外地”。
→ 反义： on purpose“故意地”。
【词义辨析】
as well/also/too/either
as well：常用于肯定句句末，前面不用逗号隔开。
also：位于行为动词前，助动词、情态动词或be动词之后，不用于句末，常用于肯定句。
too：常用于肯定句句末，可以用逗号隔开，也可以不用。
either：常用于否定句句末。
loudly/loud
loudly：adv.“大声地，喧闹地”，含有一点贬义。
loud：adj./adv.“大声的/地”，强调声音大而被人听见。
proper/fit/suit
proper：强调经过判断觉得是合适的。
fit：指通过某种目的、用途、条件或某人有能力胜任某种工作等。
suit：强调适合某种环境、情况或某种特殊需要。
【词形转换】
invite：v.“邀请”。 → invitation：n.“邀请，请帖”。
proper：adj.“符合习俗的；正确的”。 → improper：adj.“不合理的，不正确的”。
→ properly：adv.“正确地，恰当地”。
close：adj.“亲密的；严密的”。 → 比较级：closer。 → 最高级：closest。
→ closely：adv.“亲密地”。 → closed：adj.“关闭的”。
greet：v.“问候，打招呼”。 → greeting：n.“问候，致意”。
behave：vi.“表现”。 → behaviour：n.“行为；举止；态度”。
shake：v.“晃动”。 → 过去式：shook。
【短语归纳】
when in Rome 在罗马时
invite Jenny to talk about manners in the UK 邀请珍妮来谈一谈英国的礼仪
the proper way to greet people 和人们打招呼的合适的方法
shake your hand 握你的手
meet you for the first time 第一次见到你
greet people with a kiss 用亲吻这种方式打招呼
greet relatives or close friends with a kiss 和亲戚或者亲密的朋友用亲吻打招呼
start a conversation 开始一段谈话
talk about the weather, holidays, music, books or something else 谈论天气、假期、音乐、书籍或者其他一些事情
behave politely 表现礼貌
in public 在公共场合
be rude to push in before others 在别人面前插队是粗鲁无礼的
bump into someone in the street 在街上撞到某人
in their way 挡了他们的路
touch you 碰你
push past you 推开你过去
be polite enough to wait till you move 足够有礼貌等待直到你让开为止
as well 也
all the time 一直
other tips 其他的提示
keep your voice down 保持低声
don’t like shout or laugh loudly 不喜欢大声喊或者大声笑
learn about manners in the UK 了解了更多有关英国的礼仪
be helpful to us 对我们有帮助的
as the saying goes 正如这则谚语所说
a small talk 一小段谈话
try not to do something 尽力不做某事
go in front of other people who are waiting 到正在等候的人的前面去
hit someone or something by accident 偶然碰到某人或某物
say hello to someone or welcome them 向某人问好或者欢迎他们
queue for something 排队等候某事物
avoid talking about age, weight or money 避免谈论年龄、体重或金钱
in a strange place 在一个陌生的地方
do as the local people do 像当地人那样做
greet each other 相互打招呼
need to improve our manners 需要改善我们的礼仪
【重点句型】
Daniel is hosting the school radio show this week.
丹尼尔这周将主持学校广播节目。
He is interviewing Jenny, a Grade 9 student, who has recently visited the UK.
他正在采访珍妮，一个九年级的学生，她最近参观过英国。
Today we’ve invited Jenny to talk about manners in the UK.
今天我们邀请了珍妮来谈一谈英国的礼仪。
What’s the proper way to greet people there, Jenny
珍妮，在那儿人们打招呼的适当的方式是什么？
Well, British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.
当英国人第一次见到你时，他们说“你好”或“见到你很高兴”并且与你握手。
Do they greet people with a kiss
他们用亲吻这种方式打招呼吗？
British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.
英国人只和亲戚或亲密的朋友用亲吻打招呼。
How do people start a conversation
人们怎样开始一段交谈？
They talk about the weather, holidays, music, books or something else.
他们谈论天气、假期、音乐、书籍或者其他一些事情。
But please avoid subjects like age, weight or money.
但是请避开像年龄、体重或者金钱这样的话题。
Do people there behave politely in public
那儿的人们在公共场合表现礼貌吗？
They always queue.
他们总是排队等候。
They think it’s rude to push in before others.
他们认为在别人前面插队是粗鲁无礼的。
Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they’ll say “sorry”.
还有，如果他们在街上撞到某人，他们会说“对不起”。
Anything else
还有别的吗？
If you’re in their way, they won’t touch you or push past you.
如果你挡了他们的路，他们不会碰你或者推开你过去。
They will say “excuse me: and be polite enough to wait till you move.
他们会说“劳驾”，然后很有礼貌地等着，直到你让开为止。
British people are very polite at home as well, aren’t they
英国人在家里也很有礼貌，是吗？
They say “please” and “thank you” all the time!
他们总是说“请”和“谢谢你”！
Any other tips for us if we’re going to the UK
如果我们打算去英国，还有别的提示给我们吗？
Oh, keep your voice down in public.
在公共场合保持低声。
British people don’t like to shout or laugh loudly.
英国人不喜欢大声喊或者大声笑。
Now we’ve learnt more about manners in the UK.
现在我们已经了解了更多有关英国的礼仪。
I’m sure they’re helpful to us.
我确信它们对我们很有帮助。
I hope so.
我希望如此。
Just as the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
正如这则谚语所说：“入乡随俗。”
Simon does not know some of the words in the interview.
西蒙不认识采访中的一些词语。
Simon is trying to make sure that he remembers what Jenny talked about on the radio.
西蒙正在尽力确认他记住的珍妮在广播中所谈论的（内容）。
Jenny is writing an article about good manners in the UK for the school newsletter.
珍妮正在为学校时事写一篇有关英国良好礼仪的文章。
They like to start a conversation with subjects like the weather, holidays, music or books.
他们喜欢用像天气、假期、音乐或书籍这样的话题来开始一段谈话。
When we are in a strange place, we should do as the local people do.
当我们在一个陌生的地方时，我们应该像当地人那样做。
Daniel is thinking about the differences in manners between the UK and China.’
丹尼尔正在考虑英国和中国之间礼仪上的不同。
How do we greet each other
我们怎么互相打招呼？
How do we usually start a conversation
我们通常怎样开始一段交谈？
What do we do if someone is in our way
如果有人挡了我们的路，我们怎么做？
Do we shout or laugh loudly in public
我们在公共场合大喊或大笑吗？
Do we say “please” and “thank you” at home
我们在家里说“请”和“谢谢你”吗？
Do we need to improve our manners
我们需要改善我们的礼仪吗？
【针对训练】
根据汉语提示完成句子。
We should know the __________（正确的）way to talk with our managers. proper
He __________（问候）his teacher by saying “Good morning” every day. greets
The mother gave her son a __________（亲吻）and left. kiss
I believe you and he are very __________（亲密的）friends. close
British people start a c__________ with subjects like weather and holiday. conversation
He made an excuse to __________（避免）going shopping with her. avoid
What is the __________（主题）of his new play subject
Please __________（表现）yourself before the guests. behave
The park is now open to the __________（民众）. public
He __________（推）me, and I fell into the river. pushed
He __________（碰，撞）against the door. bumped
If you re in British people’s way, they won’t __________（碰，触摸）you or push past you. touch
E__________ me, is there a hospital near here Excuse
She waited here __________（直到）you came back. till/until
Someone is shouting __________（大声地）. loudly
You should do __________（正如）Tom told you. as
How many __________（谚语）do you know sayings
When in Rome, do as the __________ do. Romans
单项选择。
You must be careful and __________ the same mistakes you’ve ever made.
A.plan B.follow C.avoid D.enjoy
Don’t shout here. Keep your voice down __________.
A.in public B.in publics C.at public D.in the public
They think it’s rude __________ others while waiting in a line.
A.to push in before B.to cut in C.to pull in before D.to cut in on
（安徽中考）—China has formed a deep friendship with countries around the world.
—That’s true. We are working __________ together in many fields.
A.closely B.nervously C..terribly D.humorously
We should pay attention to __________mistakes during the exams.
A.avoiding making B.avoid to make C.to avoid making D.to avoid to make
If someone is in your way, you should say “__________” and be polite enough to wait till he or she moves.
A.excuse me B.I’m sorry C.thank you D.never mind
Lily was shy. She would not invite her classmates __________ speaking English.
A.practice B.practices C.practicing D.to practice
翻译句子。
我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。
I am going to London and my sister is going ________ ________. as well
那个小孩在登山中意外地摔伤了腿。
That child broke his leg ________ ________ when he was climbing the mountain. by accident
不好意思，你挡住我的路了。
Excuse me, you are ________ ________ ________. in my way
直到你哥哥下周到，我才离开。
I ________ ________ ________ your brother arrives next week. won’t leave until
我正在写信邀请您参加长距离接力赛。
I’m writing to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the long-distance relay race. invite you to take part in

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