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名词能力提升
(一)含有名词的短语
在平时的学习中，我们要注意常见的含有名词的固定搭配有:
(1)介词+名词
at all costs 不惜任何代价
by chance 偶然,碰巧
in place of代替
in the last place 最后
in no case 决不
in confidence 信任
in common 共用,共有，
in order 秩序井然,整齐
in order to 以便,为了
in connection with/to 关于
in place 在适当的位置
in contrast with/to 与….
in conclusion 最后,总之
of course当然,自然
on one'sown 独自地
on the contrary 反之,正相反
out of control 失去控制
under control被控制住
at the cost of 以……为代价
in particular 特别地,尤其,详细地
in person 亲自
in case of假使,万一
in case 假使,以防(万一),免得
in charge(of) 负责,主管
in consequence of 由于……的缘故
in danger 在危险中,垂危
in order that 以便,为了
in the past 在过去,以往
in the first place 起初,首先
in the course of在……过程中,在……期间
in consequence 因此,结果
on occasion 有时,不时
out oforder 发生故障,失调
on condition that 在……条件下
(a)round the clock昼夜不停地
(2)动词+名词
be friends with 对…友好,与…交上朋友
catch fire 着火
catch one's breath 屏息,歌口气
catch one’s eye 引人注目
carry/bring into effect使生效,使起作用
come/go into force 生效,实施
come/go into effect 生效,实施
do/try one’s best尽力,努力
get the best of 胜过
find fault 埋怨,挑剔
have/gain an advantage over 胜过,优于
get the better of 打败,战胜
keep company with 与……交往,与……联系
make a /the difference 有影响,很重要
make fun of取笑,嘲弄
keep an eye on 留意,照看
make a face 做鬼脸
make friends 交朋友,友好相处
make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理
put into effect 实行,生效
take care 小心,当心
take...into account考虑
take care of 照顾,照料
take charge of担任,负责
pay attention to 注意
pave the way for 为……铺平道路
take a chance 冒险一试
take effect 生效,起作用
take advantage of利用,趁……之机
take delight in 以……为乐
(3)其他含有名词的固定搭配
a few 一些,几个
as a matter of fact 实际情况,事实上
face to face 面对面地
in demand 有需要,销路好
little by little 逐渐地
no doubt 无疑,必定
next door 隔壁
primary school 小学
quite a few 不少,有相当数目的
trolley bus 电车
a little 一点,稍,一些,少许
credit card 信用卡
fair play 公平竞赛,公平对待
I.D. card 身份证
no more 不再
no matter 无论
out of doors 在户外
quite a little 相当多,不少
rest room 厕所,盥洗室
the moment(that)一……就
例How do you get this precious book .
I got this book by.at a second-hand bookshop.
A. advise B. chance C. accident D.occasion
解析：B。句意为:“-一你怎样获得这本珍贵的书的 -我偶然间在一家二手书店里买到这本书。” by chance意为“偶然间,赶巧”之意,是固定搭配,符合此处语境,故选B。
（二)根据名词前的修饰语来确定名词的单复数
(1)若名词前的修饰语为 much,little，a little,a bit of 等时,则应选择不可数名词。
(2)若名词前的修饰语为many，these，a few等，或数量词(如 three，sixty-one)等时应选择可数名词的复数形式。
(3)若名词前出现的修饰语为a lot of,some，lots of，a plenty of 等时，可数名词要用其复数形式，也可用不可数名词。
例Many in the city______ looked into the situation.
A. worker
B. workers
C. teacher
D.woman
解析:B.此句中,设空前有修饰语many,是用来修饰可数名词的复数的，所给四个选项中只有B为复数。本句意为:“城市中很多工人都在调查此情况。”
能力提升
(一)不可数名词量的表示问题
l have two ______to tell you.
A. news
B. piece of news
C. pieces of news.
D. pieces of newses
【错因分析】 易错选A或D。忽视news是不可数名词,不掌握不可数名词的复数表达方式
解析: C。句意为:“我有两则好消息告诉你。”news意为“新闻”“消息”,为不可数名词a piece of news意为“一条消息”。不可数名词不能与不定冠词a或an及基数词连用，也没有复数形式,故选项A和D都不正确。不可数名词的“量”可以用“单位词+of”来表示,当所表示的数量大于“一”时,单位词要变为复数,选项B不正确。故选C。
The young man ate a lot. He drank 3_____ and had 5________.
glasses of milk; slices of bread
glass of milk; slices of bread
glasses of milks; slice of bread
glasses of milk, slices of breads!
解析 A。句意为:“这个年轻人吃得真多。他喝了3杯牛奶,吃了5片面包。”milk和bread均为不可数名词,首先可排除B和D选项。根据不可数名词表示数量时,必须与表示数量的名词连用的原则,即“数词+表示数量的名词(可数名词)+ of+不可数名词”。如,two glasses of milk,两杯牛奶;five pieces of bread,五片面包。因此可确定A为正确选项。
(二)表示共同拥有和各自拥有的所有格
考查名词所有格和名词性物主代词，注意当两个人分别拥有某个东西时，两个词都应使用所有格形式。如果物主代词后没有名词出现，应使用名词性物主代词。
Upstairs are bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But______are in a mess.
A. Lily's and Lucy's; our
B. Lily's and Lucy's; ours
C. Lily's and Lucy; ours
D. Lily and Lucy 's; our
解析 B。句意为:“楼上是莉莉的和露西的卧室,它们整洁又好看,但是我们的一团糟。根据they可知莉莉和露西每人有一个卧室,因此两个词都应使用所有格,故排除C、D;第二空后面没有名词出现,应使用名词性物主代词ours,我们的(房间),故正确答案是B。
例②-Today is Consumer Day. The supermarket sells _______clothes at a very low price.
-Great! Let 's go and pick out some clothes.
A. child and women's
B. children and women 's
C. children's and women
D. children's and women's
【错因分析】 易错选 B。不掌握’所有格以及共同拥有和各自拥有的表示法.
解析： D。本题句意:“--今天是消费者日,超市正在低价销售儿童和妇女装。一太棒了!我们去挑几件衣服吧。”儿童和妇女装是分别拥有,每个名词后都要加-s,只有D选项正确。
(三)man/woman，boy/girl 修饰可数名词
例 There are 50 members in our school dance club, and 30 of them are______and 20
are_______.
A. women teachers; girls students
B. women teachers; girl students.
C. woman teachers; girls students
D. woman teachers; girl students
【错因分析】 易错选A和 D。对 man/woman、girl/boy 作定语的用法混淆，没彻底掌握两组名词复数表示方式的差异。
解析 B。本句意为:“我校舞蹈俱乐部有50名成员,30位女老师,20位女同学。”man/woman在作定语修饰名词时,修饰语和名词均采用复数形式;而girl/boy在作定语时不用复数，只需将名词变成复数形式。故选B。
(四)双面名词
一些词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，分别表示不同的中文含义。
例There is no doubt that these two_______are of course made of_______.
A. glass; glass.
B. glasses; glasses
C. glasses; glass
D. glass, glass
【错因分析】 易错选B或 D。对既是可数名词又可作不可数名词的部分名词不熟练。
解析 c。句意为:“毫无疑问,这两个玻璃杯当然是玻璃制成的。”第一个glass此时是玻璃杯,属可数名词;第二个glass是玻璃,不可数名词。故只有C选项正确。
真题练习
(2023铜仁市中考)-Which country made paper in the world
-_______.
A. India
B. Egypt
C. England
D. China
2.(2023山西省中考)To keep our city beautiful, the _____are always very busy in the streets. We.
shouldn 't throw rubbish everywhere.
A.policemen B. cleaner C.drivers son their birthdays
3.(2023东营市中考)-Why do people never cut up the_______.Because they are a symbol of long life.
A.eggs B. cakes C. noodles D. dumplings
4.(2023巴南中考)-I don't know how to make a speech in public. Can you give me some_______
A.water B. money C. food D. advice
5.(2023广东省中考)The three______upstairs are too small to have enough_______for a double bed..
A.room; room B. room; rooms C. rooms; room D. rooms; rooms
6.(2023岳阳市中考)The little girl over there is______ cousin.
A. Tom B. Tom's C. the Tom
7.(2023湖北省恩施州中考)-Henry, have you seen the English book on the______ desk lf you see it,please take it to the______ office.
-OK.
teachers', teachers’ B. teacher's, teachers’ C. teacher's; teacher's
8.(2023宁夏回族自治区中考)Beth has a beautiful_____.Listen! She is singing beautifully.
A. sound B. voice C. noise D.look
9.(2023天津市中考)The____of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital.
A. silence B. purpose C.culture D.language
10.(2023新疆维吾尔自治区中考)Lily has lots of_______She can learn much from them and use them to mail letters..
A. stamps B. toys C. newspapers D. novels
11.(2023贵州省毕节市中考)Jane is very thirsty, so she needs some_____
A. water
B. bread
C. cakes
D. rice
12.(2023贵州省黔西南州中考)-How many _____ are there in your school
-Twenty .
woman teacher
woman teache
women teacher
D. women teachers.
13.(2023新疆维吾尔自治区中考)Hurry up!Some_____and_____sare on sale in the supermarket.
A.tomatoe; egg B. tomatoes; egg C. tomatoes; eggs D. tomato; eggs
14.(2023湖南省益阳市中考)Look at the two______over there.They are teaching the girls to play the guitar
A. women teachers B. woman teachers C.woman teacher
15.(2023甘肃省兰州市中考)There are a lot of ______on the grassland.______sheep-dog is sitting next to them.
A. sheep; The B.sheep;The C. sheeps; The D.sheeps; A
16.(2023业庆市中考) One_______ of the book is missing, so l can't learn the whole story.
A. copy
B. page
C. writer
D. reader.
17.(2023青海省中考)-Whose jackets are these
-They said they are______.They lost them yesterday.
A.ours B, Li Lei and li Tao's C. li Lei's and Li Tao 's
(2023江西省中考)Your leg looks really bad! l think you should send for a______.about that.
A. pilot B. doctor C. singer D. postman
(2023山西省大同市中考)-As you listen, you can write down the key information such as names and numbers . The ______ will help you understand and remember what you hear.
A. notes B. photos C. letters
20.(2023重庆市巴南区中考)Would you send me some_____of yours l miss you very much!
A.magazines B. photos C. money D. advice
21,(2023河南省中考) For his son's birthday, Steven is taking him to the new movie as a______.
A. task B. treat C. choice D. visit
(2023江苏省徐州市中考)The ____that there is life on other planets has always encouraged scientists to explore the outer space.
A. invitation B. possibility C. order D. advice
23.(2023黑龙江省中考) If you want to ask for a sick leave, you must get your teacher's ______first
A. achievement B, instrument C. agreement
(2023江苏省扬州市中考)-l'm not sure what to write about The Secret Garden in the report.You should read some______.about the book before writing.
A. reviews B. reasons C, results D. rewards
25.(2023江西省中考) My daughter helps me cook, but she isn't old enough to be left alone in the_____.
A. bedroom B. classroom C. lab D. kitchen
26.(2023贵州省中考)The movie named A Litle Red Flower shows _____love for their children.
A. parents B. parent's C. parents’
27.(2023甘肃省中考)-Here is my family____. We took it last year..What a happy family!
A. member B. name C. photo D. house.
28.(2023海南省中考)My cousin and l often walk to the_______to see pandas on weekends
A. bank B. zoo C.market
29.(2023河北省中考) Could you please take my picture Here is my _____.
A. printer B. radio C. market D. camera
30.(2023黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市中考)-l go running every day.Wow! That's a good_____. lt keeps you healthy.
A.task B. exercise C. habit
31.(2023湖南省郴州市中考)-l know little about this product.
-Surf the Internet, and you will get much ______about it.
A. information
B. message
C. suggestion
32.(2023湖南省岳阳市中考)We should brush our _____every day
A. tooth B. teeth C. hand
33.(2023江苏省南京市中考)Yuan Longping was a world-famous scientist. Because of his achievements, rice ______has been increased greatly.
A. population
B. contribution
C. production
D. introduction.
34.(2023青海省中考)For your own______, please don't smoke on the plane.
A. feelings B. safety C. health
参考答案
1-5 DBCDC 6-10 BBBBA
11-15 ADCAB 16-20 BCBAB
21-25 BBCAD 26-30 CCBDC
31-34 ABCB

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