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英语试题
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was 4:30 pm. As I was packing up, I noticed my colleague had left his laptop bag in the office. So I decided to bring it to him. It took me about 15 minutes to get to his house, where I 1 the bag and got right back on the road.
Suddenly a snowstorm came and within minutes I was in a whiteout. I stopped because I was afraid of driving into a farmer’s field, or worse. I kept the car 2 to stay warm and called 911．They told me to sit tight and wait things out for the night.
Those seconds after the call were 3 . Breathe, I told myself. Panicking won’t help.
I texted my colleague, joking about my good deed ending in 4 . He suggested I share a satellite view of my 5 on my social media. And I did so, praying that anyone who knew the residents of the nearby farms could get me rescued.
Waiting in the car, I doubted whether 6 would be able to come. Soon enough, though, I got a message from someone who was going to put me in touch with them.
At 8 pm, I saw a tall figure in a yellow raincoat striding toward me in the dark, carrying a flashlight. I’d never been more 7 to see someone in my life. It was André Bouvier, who’d walked about 550 yards to come get me, fighting the wind and snow each step of the way.
He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the direction. I drove behind him, feeling my heart begin to beat more 8 . When we reached his house, I burst into tears, all my fears turning into relief and 9 .
The experience has been a game change r for me. I now 10 challenges with a sense of calm I’d not known before. But best of all, it brought André into my life.
1．A．dropped off B．filled up C．set aside D．put away
2．A．locked B．parked C．signaling D．running
3．A．painful B．critical C．disappointing D．impressive
4．A．failure B．smoke C．disaster D．mystery
5．A．route B．location C．direction D．destination
6．A．news B．help C．hope D．faith
7．A．satisfied B．surprised C．relieved D．worried
8．A．slowly B．excitedly C．nervously D．strongly
9．A．recognition B．admiration C．satisfaction D．appreciation
10．A．identify B．present C．approach D．anticipate
第二节 （共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
A parent’s nightmare turned to relief in Florida as policemen swiftly rescued a missing five-year-old girl with autism. The local police launched a desperate search, 11 （use） air and ground efforts. Thermal imaging（热成像） 12 （lead） to the discovery of her in a swamp y area. A body-worn camera captured the heroic moment of her rescue. 13 policemen’s quick response, she was found unharmed. The public praised the team’s efficiency in turning 14 could have been a tragedy into a heartwarming reunion.
B
Li-ion batteries store a lot of energy in a small amount of space. When that energy is released in an uncontrolled manner, it generates heat, 15 can transform certain internal battery components into burnable gases. Consumers should purchase batteries that are only listed by a nationally 16 （recognize） testing laboratory and stop using the device if the battery shows signs of damage, such as an unusual smell, excessive heat, popping sounds or change in color. Among all the places to charge these devices, 17 （safe） one is outdoors away from any structure and not in direct sunlight.
C
For brands to succeed, they must grasp and adapt to evolving consumer taste. Over the past decade, China 18 （witness） a shift in consumer behavior marked by the rise of guochao, a trend emphasizing nationalistic branding. Chinese consumers displayed a strong 19 （prefer） for locally-made products. Therefore, it’s crucial for brands to genuinely comprehend and honor local customs, traditions, and values. While integrating Chinese elements into marketing strategies can be effective, it should be handled thoughtfully 20 （avoid） cultural insensitivity.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题； 每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
With all the dietary information online, it can be hard to know what tips to follow. Watch out for these words and expressions.
Fat Is Good
It doesn’t matter if you are part of the fat is GOOD for you or BAD for you group, the important question to ask is the source of the fat. If it comes from a land-based animal, and is likely to be solid at room temperature, then it is saturated（饱和的） fat whereas if it comes from fish or plants, and it is likely to be liquid at room temperature, then it is unsaturated fat. All the evidence indicates that eating more unsaturated fat than saturated fat lowers your risk of dying early.
Natural Sugar Is Better
The vast majority of sugar we consume is sucrose（蔗糖）. It is the white powdered stuff we cook with and is made up of glucose and fructose. How about sugar from honey It is often marketed as natural and better for you. Actually, it just has its own distinct flavour, but is as sweet because of glucose and fructose.
High-pH Water
Some people think we need to eat alkali （碱） food to maintain our blood at a pH of 7.4. But everything we eat or drink passes through the stomach, which, at a pH of 1.5, is the most acidic part of the body. It is then neutralised to a pH of 7. So, nothing we eat will change the pH of our blood.
Don’t Eat Anything That You Can’t Pronounce
Whether foods are natural or highly processed, they are all full of chemicals. Are you supposed to fear “phenylthiocarbamide”, because you can’t pronounce it This is simply the chemical responsible for the bitter taste found in brassicas, the plants in the cabbage and mustard family.
Don’t Eat Food With More Than Five Ingredients（佐料）
Simple foods are not necessarily healthier for you. If I, for instance, use Chinese five spice powder in a recipe, that would count as one of the five ingredients. However, what if I added the typical components of five spice powder separately into a dish Does that mean my recipe suddenly becomes bad because it has more than five ingredients
21．According to the passage, healthier fat ______.
A．can be found in fish and plants B．comes from land-based animals
C．remains solid at room temperature D．can lower the death rate of elders
22．The passage suggests that ______.
A．diets can help adjust the pH of our blood B．honey sugar can do more good than sucrose
C．foods with more ingredients may be as healthy D．chemicals we can recognize are safer to take in
23．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To compare tips on food choices. B．To introduce different health concepts.
C．To recommend fitness recipes to readers. D．To warn us of some dietary misunderstandings.
B
At my first lesson in Chinese calligraphy, my teacher told me plainly: “Now I will teach you how to write your name. And to make it beautiful.” I felt my breath catch. I was curious.
Growing up in Singapore, I had an unusual relationship with my Chinese name. My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, “old”, “barley（薏米）” and “warm”.
When I arrived in America for college at 18, I put on an American accent and abandoned my Chinese name. When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage I thought.
In calligraphy, the idea is to copy the old masters’ techniques, thereby refining your own. Every week, though, my teacher would give uncomfortably on-the-nose assessments of my person. “You need to be braver,” he once observed. “Have confidence. Try to produce a bold stroke（笔画）.” For years, I had prided myself on presenting an image of confidence, but my writing betrayed me.
I was trying to make sense of this practice. You must visualize the word as it is to be written and leave a trace of yourself in it. As a bodily practice, calligraphy could go beyond its own cultural restrictions. Could it help me go beyond mine My teacher once said to me, “When you look at the word, you see the body. Though a word on the page is two-dimensional, it contains multitudes, conveying the force you’ve applied, the energy of your grip, the arch of your spine.” I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots, but what I was really seeking was a return to myself. Now I have sensed that the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully.
During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.”
24．What did the author initially think of her name “Chen Yiwen”
A．It was lucky so she gladly accepted it. B．She felt proud of its symbolic meaning.
C．She understood the intention but still disliked it. D．Its strange pronunciation made her embarrassed.
25．The author decided to learn calligraphy to ______.
A．pick up a new hobby B．reconnect with her origin
C．gain insights into a new culture D．fit in with local community
26．From the teacher’s words, the author learns that calligraphy ______.
A．reflects the creator’s spirits B．comes from creative energy
C．highlights the design of strokes D．depends on continuous practice
27．What does the author intend to tell us
A．Appreciate what our culture offers. B．Find beauty from your inner self.
C．A great teacher leads you to truth. D．We are the sum of what we create.
C
Researchers hope brain implants will one day help people with aphasia（失语症） to get their voice back—and maybe even to sing. Now, for the first time, scientists have demonstrated that the brain’s electrical activity can be decoded and used to reconstruct music.
A new study analyzed data from 29 people monitored for epileptic seizures（癫痫发作）, using electrodes（电极） on the surface of their brain. As participants listened to a selected song, electrodes captured brain activity related to musical elements, such as tone, rhythm, and lyrics. Employing machine learning, Robert Knight from UC Berkeley and his colleagues reconstructed what the participants were hearing and published their study results. The paper is the first to suggest that scientists can “listen secretly to” the brain to synthesize（合成） music.
To turn brain activity data into musical sound, researchers trained an artificial intelligence （AI）model to decode data captured from thousands of electrodes that were attached to the participants as they listened to the song while undergoing surgery. Once the brain data were fed through the model, the music returned. The model also revealed some brain parts responding to different musical features of the song.
Although the findings focused on music, the researchers expect their results to be most useful for translating brain waves into human speech. Ludovic Bellier, the study’s lead author, explains that speech, regardless of language, has small melodic differences—tempo, stress, accents, and intonation—known as prosody（韵律）. These elements carry meaning that we can’t communicate with words alone. He hopes the model will improve brain-computer interfaces （BCI）, assistive devices that record speech-associated brain waves and use algorithms to reconstruct intended messages. This technology, still in its infancy, could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of aphasia.
Future research should investigate whether these models can be expanded from music that participants have heard to imagined internal speech. If a brain-computer interface could recreate someone’s speech with the prosody and emotional weight found in music, it could offer a richer communication experience beyond mere words.
Several barriers remain before we can put this technology in the hands—or brains— of patients. The current model relies on surgical implants. As recording techniques improve, the hope is to gather data non-invasively, possibly using ultrasensitive electrodes. However, under current technologies, this approach might result in a lower speed of decoding into natural speech. The researchers also hope to improve the playback clarity by packing the electrodes closer together on the brain’s surface, enabling an even more detailed look at the electrical symphony the brain produces.
28．What can we learn from the study
A．Electrodes can analyze musical elements.
B．The decoding of brain data helps recreate music.
C．Machine learning greatly enhances brain activity.
D．The AI model monitors music-responsive brain regions.
29．What hopefully makes it possible to expand the model to speech
A．The prosody of speech. B．The collection of brain waves.
C．The emotional weight of music. D．The reconstruction of information.
30．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Unlocking the Secrets of Melodic Mind B．Brain Symphony: Synthesized Human Speech
C．BCI Brings Hope to People with Aphasia D．Remarkable Journey: Decoding Brain with AI
D
“Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.
To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods.
But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.
What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong—a goal that your critic presumably shares.
One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.
Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community—we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.
Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis（假说）: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.
31．What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A．Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work.
B．Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms.
C．People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science.
D．The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection.
32．The strategy of “assuming you are wrong” may contribute to ______.
A．the enormous efforts of scientists at work B．the reliability of potential research results
C．the public’s passion for scientific findings D．the improvement in the quality of evidence
33．The underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 means ______.
A．discouraging B．ineffective C．unfair D．misleading
34．The tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis is ______.
A．doubtful but sincere B．disapproving but soft
C．authoritative and direct D．reflective and humorous
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won’t be polluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. 35
Social media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algorithms designed to maximize attention represent to teens have become impossible to ignore. Other product design elements, often called “dark patterns,” designed to keep people using for longer, also appear to tip young users into social media overuse. 36 They say it’s their users’ fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech.
37 Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don’t do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make.
Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can’t, or won’t, solve these safety problems on their own. 38 Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic. 39
A．And those problems aren’t going away.
B．The current issues aren’t really about offline suffering.
C．Platforms already have systems to remove violent or harmful content.
D．Similarly, social media needs product safety standards to keep users safe.
E．It’s time we should require social media to take safety seriously, for everyone’s sake.
F．Internet platforms, however, have shifted blame on the consumers whenever criticized.
G．Some authorities are taking steps to hold social media platforms accountable for the content.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共 12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域内作答。
As a kid, I dreamed of becoming a marine biologist and I lived out this fantasy by setting up aquariums（鱼缸） at home. Then, at 20, I was introduced to photographer David Liittschwager, who hired me to help him with a magazine assignment on marine life.
David’s assignment was to document the amazing biodiversity found in the ocean. My role was to collect species for him to photograph. Every night, I would cast a floating lamp. Like moths drawn to a flame, mysterious creatures would emerge from the depths in search of this light. I’d then set up aquariums to house them as they waited for David to take their shot.
Those evenings made me feel as if I were on another planet. I had never imagined such strange life-forms could exist in our oceans. But I didn’t grasp the true magic of what was in front of me until I saw the photographs David took.
The biggest surprise was his image of a baby flounder. I caught this fish by accident. Only later did I notice its two tiny eyeballs staring back at me. But David’s photograph of this flounder revealed a universe of detail that even my eager eyes had missed. His macro lens magnified its ribs. The lightning-fast exposure froze its motion. A precisely aimed light released the rainbow hidden in its skin. And the black background removed all distractions to focus our attention on the quiet beauty at hand.
Years after that project, I was snorkeling（潜水） on a shallow reef. Out of the darkness, another baby flounder emerged and settled on my mask. This time I knew what to look for. Before working for David, I had assumed the goal of photography was simply to reproduce an observation so that others could share the same experience. It had never occurred to me that photography could expand our visual perception and therefore teach us to see the world anew.
40．What was the author’s responsibility in David’s assignment
___________________________________________________________________________________________
41．Why was David’s image of a baby flounder the biggest surprise to the author
___________________________________________________________________________________________
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could reproduce an observation.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
43．What can help you see the world anew （In about 40 words）
___________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。六月十四日是世界献血者日（World Blood Donor Day），你在京学习的英国好友 Jim决定当天去献血，并询问你的意愿。请你用英文给他回复一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．你的答复及理由；
2．提醒注意事项。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
9 April 2024
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,
Li Hua

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