人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction 知识清单

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction 知识清单

资源简介

Book 4 Unit1 Fiction 单词知识点清单
1.test out 检验;测试
try out 试用;测试;试验give out 分发;用完leave out省略;遗漏
set out (to do sth.)出发;开始(做某事)turn out 证明是;结果是
put out 扑灭let out 出租(土地、房屋);发出(声音)work out锻炼;计算出;解决
make out 弄清;理解;看出;听出;明白cut out 割掉,剪下
2.ridiculous /r d kj l s/ adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的
a ridiculous idea荒唐的主意
look ridiculous看上去可笑
sound ridiculous 听起来荒谬
absolutely/totally ridiculous荒谬绝伦
It is ridiculous that... 是荒谬的
3.integrity / n teɡr ti/ n.诚实正直;完整;完好
a man of integrity 正直的人
behave with integrity行为表现诚实正直
the territorial integrity领土完整
the integrity of a work of art一件艺术品的完整性
4.dignity / d ɡn ti/ n.庄重;庄严;尊严
maintain dignity不失尊严
lose dignity失去尊严
stand on your dignity保持尊严
beneath your dignity有失尊严
with dignity 有尊严的(地)
5.salary / s l ri/ n.薪水;薪金
earn/get/receive a salary 赚工资
pay sb.a salary付给某人工资
offer sb.a salary给某人工资
salary raise/increase 加薪
比salary/wage/pay/fee
·salary通常指教师、经理等行业的月薪。
·wage 通常指按周领取的工资、工钱。
·pay指做完具体工作给的报酬。
·fee指给律师、医生等专业人员的服务费、咨询费或加入某组织的费用。如legal fees律师费,membership fees 会费。
6.as a favour 出于好意
ask a favour(of sb.)请求(某人)帮忙
favour n.帮助,恩惠,赞同vt.较喜欢;有利于;选择
do sb.a favour帮某人一个忙;给某人做件事
owe sb.a favour欠某人一个人情
in one’s favour 对某人有利
in favour of 支持,赞同
favourable adj.有利的
“in+名词+of”型短语:
in honour of为了纪念
in charge of负责
in celebration of为了庆祝
in possession of拥有
absurd / b s rd/ adj.荒谬的;荒唐的
an absurd idea 荒唐的想法
an absurd mistake 可笑的错误
an absurd theory 谬论
absolutely absurd 荒谬绝伦
highly absurd极其荒唐
8.appointment / p ntm nt/ n.预约;约会;委任;任命;职务
make/have an appointment with sb.与某人约会
keep/break an appointment守/违约
resign one's appointment辞去某人的职务
appoint vt.安排;确定(时间、地点等);任命;委任
appoint sb. as/to be...任命某人为······
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
appointed adj.约定的,指定的
9.guilty / ɡ lti/ adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的
feel guilty about 对······感到内疚
be guilty of 犯有······罪
be guilty of a crime有罪,犯罪
have a guilty conscience 问心有愧
guilty acts 罪行
guilt n.内疚;犯罪,过失
a sense of guilt 内疚感
10.suspend /s spend/ vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓;使暂时停职
be suspended in 悬浮
suspend production 暂停生产
suspend payment 暂停付款
suspend sb. from duty暂停某人的职务
11.dismiss /d s m s/ vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除;不予考虑
dismiss a class下课
dismiss the thought 打消念头
dismiss sb.for因······而解雇某人
dismiss sb.from sb.’s job解雇某人
dismissal n.解雇,开除;不予考虑;解散
12.declare /d kler/ vt.表明;宣称;公布
declare for/against表示赞成/反对
declare that...宣布······
declare...to be...将······宣布为······
declare sth. (to be) illegal宣布·······非法
declare independence from...宣布从······独立
declare war on...向······宣战
declare oneself to be...宣称自己······
declaration n.声明,宣告
the declaration of war 宣战
Universal Declaration of HumanRights《世界人权宣言》
13.whereas / wer z/ conj.然而;但是;尽管
·while 强调的是对比,表示上下文有不同、有对比,但这个不同不一定是表示相反含义的。
He is a worker while I am a doctor.他是工人,而我是医生。
·whereas强调的是相反。
Some people like fat meat,whereas others hate it.有些人喜欢肥肉,而另一些人则讨厌它。
14.rumour /'ru:m (r)/ n.谣言;传闻
spread rumours about sb. 散布关于某人的谣言
the rumour about关于······的传闻
all sorts of rumours各种谣言
the source of rumours 谣言的来源
15.presume /pr zu m/ vt.&vi.假设;假定
presumption n.假定,推定
I presume so. 我想是的。
It is presumed that...据推测······
presume from从······中推测
拓类似构词法:
·assume v.假定,假设;承担;就职;取得;呈现assumption n.假定,假设;承担;获得
·consume v.使用;消费;消耗consumption n.使用;消耗
·resume v.重新开始;回到resumption n.重新开始;恢复
15.fare /fer/ n.车费;船费;飞机票价
bus/taxi/train/air fares公共汽车费/出租汽车费/火车票价/飞机票价
round trip fare往返票价
half-fare半票
比 fare/fee/tip/expense
·fare 车费;船费;(交通工具)票价
·fee(付给专业人员,如医生、律师的)酬金
·tip小费;赏钱
·expense 开支;费用
16.weekly / wi kli/ adj.每周的n.周刊
a weekly magazine周刊weekly meetings 周会a news weekly 新闻周刊
daily adj.每日的n.日报
monthly adj.每月的n.月刊
yearly adj.每年的
17.on a(n)...basis 根据;以······的方式(基准)
on a long-term basis 长期地
on a regular basis 定期
on a consistent basis 始终如一地;连续地
basis n.方式;准则;基础
social basis 社会基础
basis of friendship 友谊的基础
on the basis of根据;在······的基础上;基于
base vt.以······为根据n.基部,基地,基础
base...on...以······为根据/基础
be based on/upon以······为基础/依据
basically adv.基本上,大体上
18.calculate / k lkjule t/ vt.计算;核算;预测
calculate the total cost of the trip算出旅行的全部费用
calculate the result算出结果
calculate that...算出,推算出
calculate on/upon依靠;期待;指望;计算
be calculated to do sth. 故意做/打算做/可能做某事
calculation n.计算;估算;推算
calculated adj.精心策划的;蓄意的
It is/was calculated that... 据估算······
work out 计算出;制订出
figure out计算(数量或成本)
19.be recruited to被招募······
be recruited to the top position被招聘到最高职位
be recruited to the member of the advisory council被招募为顾问团成员
recruit v.吸收(新成员);招收;征募(新兵)
recruit the students 招收学生
recruit volunteers 招募志愿者
recruit from 从······招收
recruit sb.into the forces 招兵,征兵
20.pros and cons事物的利与弊;支持与反对
拓“优点与缺点”的其他表达法
advantages and disadvantages
strengths and weaknesses
21. superior/su p ri r/ adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的n.上级;上司
反义词:inferior adj.较差的;次的;级别低的n.级别(或地位)低的人
(be)superior to比·······更好;更胜一筹
(be)superior in在······方面占优势
be inferior to低于·······,不如·······;在······之下
be senior to 比······年长/资历深/职位高
be junior to 比·······年轻/资历浅/职位低
上述短语中to(介词)不能换为than,因为to前面的形容词本身含有比较意义。
22.take over占上风;取而代之;接管;接手;接替;接任;占领
take over a company接管公司take over a job 接手一份工作拓
take in吸收;欺骗;理解,领会
take on呈现;雇用;承担;决定做
take back收回;撤回(说过的话);退回
take up 占用(时间、空间);继续;开始做;接受;开始从事
take off脱掉(衣服等);起飞;突然大受欢迎,迅速流行
take down写下,记下;拆除
23.conflict with与······冲突或抵触
conflict n.冲突,矛盾v.冲突;抵触
in conflict(with sb.)(和某人)冲突
come into conflict with sb.与某人发生冲突/争执
bring sb. into conflict with使某人与······发生冲突
the conflict over对······的争议/冲突
the conflict between...and...······和······之间的冲突
24.beside the point离题;不相关,无关紧要
反义词:to thepoint简洁中肯;简明恰当
off the point离题,不切题,走题;不中要害
beside the mark 不切题,不相关
beside the question不切题,不相关
beside oneself(因情绪)失去自制力;失常
25. grip /ɡr p/ vt.,vi.&n.紧握;抓紧vt.使感兴趣;使激动;吸引住(某人的)注意
grip the rope 抓紧绳子
grip her arm 抓住她的手臂
keep a tight grip 紧紧抓住
grip sb.使某人感兴趣;使某人激动;吸引住某人的注意
26.fetch /fet / vt.(去)拿来;(去)请来
fetch sb.sth./fetch sth.for sb.为某人拿来某物
fetch me a drink 给我拿杯饮料来fetch a doctor 去请医生
易混词
take拿走,携带
bring带来 拿来
27.turn out关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是
形容词
turn out + to be 结果是······
that从句
turn up调高(音量等);出现,被找到
turn down 调低(音量等);拒绝
turn on打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off关掉(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn to 求助于;转向;翻到
turn into 变成
turn away 拒绝······进入;弃用
turn against(使)与······反目成仇;变得敌对
turn over 翻身;移交,转变
28. pace /pe s/n.速度;步伐;节奏vt.&vi.确定速度;调整节奏;来回踱步
at a(n)...pace以······速度
at a steady/gentle/leisurely pace以稳定的/徐缓的/悠闲的步子
keep pace with...与······并驾齐驱
pace the room在房间里踱来踱去
pace about走来走去,来回踱步
pace round sth.在······四处走动
29.fall away (逐渐)减少;消失
fall back后退,撤退,退却
fall behind 落后
fall off数量减少;质量下降
fall down跌倒;掉下;倒塌;失败
fall ill生病
fall in love with 爱上,喜爱
30. division /d v ( )n/ n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法);分歧;分配
divide v.(使)分开;使产生分歧;分成
a division of······的分配
a fair division of time and resources时间和资源的合理分配
the division of labour between the sexes男女分工
31.urge / rd / n.强烈的欲望;冲动vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐
have an urge to do sth.
有强烈的欲望做某事
urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事
urge that...(should)do sth.极力主张······;强调······
It is urged that...(should)do sth. 极力主张······从句用虚拟语气
urgent adj.急迫的,紧急的
an urgent message 紧急消息
an urgent appeal for information紧急呼吁提供信息
in urgent need of 急需
urgency n.紧迫;急迫;急事
no sense of urgency 没有紧迫感
a matter of urgency 当务之急
“劝说某人做某事”的表达还有:
persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事
encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
32.random / r nd m/ adj.随机的;不可思议的n.随意
randomly adv.任意地;随便地;胡乱地
a random sample 随机抽样
make a random choice 随便选择
a random guess 瞎猜
random remarks胡说八道,随便说的话
at random 随意;随机
33.maximum / m ks m m/ adj.最大极限的n.最大量;最大限度
minimum adj.最低的;最小的;最低限度的n.最小量;最低限度
the maximum speed/temperature最快速度/最高气温
the maximum effect 最佳效果
have a maximum speed of 120 mph最高时速120英里
get the maximum benefit获得最大利益
up to a maximum of $1,000最高达1000美元
34.explode / k splo d/ vi.&v.爆炸;爆破;勃然(大怒);突然发生(危险)vi.突然爆发;激增
explode with/into 勃然(大怒);大发(雷霆);突然发生(危险);突然爆发,进发(感情)
explode with anger/rage勃然大怒
explode into laughter突然大笑起来
the exploding world population激增的世界人口
explosion n.爆炸;爆发;激增
set off the explosion 引起爆炸
result in an explosion 引起爆炸
35.stun /st n/ vt.使震惊;使昏迷;给(某人)以深刻印象;使深深感动
stunning adj.给人以深刻印象的;绝妙的;令人震惊的
stun the movie world震惊电影界
be stunned by one's beauty惊叹某人的美丽
be stunned terrifically 印象非常好
表示“吃惊”的词:
astonishing 惊人的
surprising令人惊讶的,出人意料的
shocking令人震惊的
句式+必备干货
1.suggest+宾语从句
教材例句 He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
他还建议在他离开,也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上,克莱尔邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。
suggest表“建议”,后接从句时,从句用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。但suggest作“表明”讲时,其后宾语从句则不用虚拟语气。
His expression suggested that he was puzzled about her explanation.
他的表情表明他对她的解释很困惑。
从句用虚拟语气的动词还有:
坚决要求 insist (insist表示“坚持说、坚持认为”时,其后宾语从句不用虚拟语气)
命令order, command
建议advise,propose,recommend
要求request,require,demand,desire,urge
The workers demanded that their wages(should)be raised.
工人们要求提高他们的工资。
2.It will not be long before...
用不了多久就会······
教材例句...AI researchers say that it will not be long before AI can win at almost everything.
······人工智能研究人员表示,用不了多久,人工智能就能在几乎所有游戏中获胜。
该句式中,it表时间,before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来。
It will be + some time + before .
多久之后就······
It was + sometime + before .
过了多久才······
It has been + sometime + since . . d i d .
自从······多久了。
3.with 复合结构
教材例句 With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school students cored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination.
使用转换为盲文的高考试卷,一位高中的视障学生考取了630分(总分650)。
with是介词,后接宾语(名词或代词)以及宾语补足语构成with复合结构。
(1)with+宾语+doing(doing表示主动或正在进行的动作)
(2)with+宾语+done(done 表示被动或已完成的动作)
(3)with+宾语+to do(to do 表示将来的动作)
(4)with+宾语+介词短语/adj./adv./名词短语
4.强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that +其他.
数材例司It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天上午十点,所有时间机器中的第一台启动了其运转之旅。
①基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that +其他.”,该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等,但不能强调谓语。
②句式变化:
一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+ that+其他
特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/was it that +其他
①it不能用其他词代替。
②被强调部分指人时,可以用who代替that。
③属于现在或将来时间范畴的时态用is;属于过去时间范畴的时态用 was.
④强调句型与 not.until连用:It is/was+not until...that+其余部分
It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it 直到下公共汽车后我才意识到它。

展开更多......

收起↑

资源预览