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汉中市2024届高三年级教学质量第二次检测考试
英语
注意事项：
第二部分 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Here are some of the prettiest small towns across Europe.
Giethoorn, Netherlands
They call it the Dutch answer to Venice, but Giethoorn lacks one crucial thing that the Italian city has overtourism. As in Venice, life goes around the water. There are no cars in the center so the only way to get around is on foot or on the water. Hungry Stop at the Michelin-starred restaurant Hollands Veneti .
Guim ries, Portugal
Guim ries is crucial to Portugal’s history — It was named the country’s first capital in the 12th century. Its Middle Age core remains largely undamaged, full of grand old palaces and a broken castle, standing on top of a cliff. Like everywhere in Portugal, local bakeries make a taste pie, but here you should try the local speciality: tortas de Guim ries, a pastry filled with squash and ground almonds.
Clovelly, UK
Donkeys used to be the only way to get up and down the steep streets of Clovelly, a pretty fishing village in Devon, southwest England. Today, they still haven’t managed to bring cars in. It sits at the bottom of a 400-foot cliff. Instead, goods are transported by man-powered sledges (雪橇).
Kenmare, Ireland
On the southwestern tip of Ireland, the land melts into the ocean in County Kerry. Kenmare swings on the bay of the same name. This is in the middle of some of Ireland’s best loved ares. It’s on the Wild Atlantic Way, between the Ring of Kerry and the Ring of Beara. Kenmare is known for its food, and for its views — with grand mountains behind the clear bay.
21. How can one travel in Giethoorn
A. By car. B. By bus. C. By air. D. By water.
22. Why is Guimar es important to Portugal’s history
A. It stands on top of a cliff. B. It has many grand old palaces.
C. It was the country’s first capital. D. It attracted many famous bakers.
23. In which place can you experience the life of a fishing village
A. Giethoorn. B. Guimar es. C. Clovelly. D. Kenmare.
B
Aged 15 in high school, I was talkative and outgoing, often betting that nobody else would do their homework, so I needn’t either. I did not enjoy geometry (几何), although I liked the philosophical approach of our teacher, Mrs Trenholm. She told us that geometry was about humankind’s ability to work things out.
A month or so into the year we started on Euclidean geometry. We were all struggling and I was probably the most vocal (敢于直言) in class about it. Mrs Trenholm set us homework — to prove two angles in a complex geometric shape are equal. She pulled me aside as we were leaving class and said, “Don’t talk your way out of this.”
I went home, worked on it for 20 minutes and gave up. Later I decided to try again. My handwriting was messy, and I noticed that if I made the diagram neater and bigger, I could see where I probably went wrong. At about 5 am, I got it and felt like my brain had been rewired!
I handed it in the next day. Mrs Trenholm would never embarrass students in front of everyone. So she came to me and handed me the paper with a little check mark in the corner. She looked right at me and asked, “Did you do this ” When I said yes, she nodded and went back to the front of the class, declaring, “One of you now understands Euclidean geometry. Let’s keep going so everybody will get it.”
From then on, I found that if I concentrated and worked hard, I could understand and even enjoy a subject. I went on to study maths and physics at university, took a master’s degree in applied science and became a nuclear research scientist. I became someone who no longer allowed myself the freedom to talk myself out of dealing with problems, or give up when things seemed too difficult.
24. How can we describe the author from the first two paragraphs
A. He was not skilled at socializing. B. He always had bets with others.
C. He was absorbed in philosophy. D. He had trouble studying geometry.
25 Why did Mrs Trenholm pull the author aside after class
A. To warn him not to talk too much. B. To give him some tips on homework.
C. To make him take homework seriously. D. To encourage him to try more approaches.
26. What was Mrs Trenholm’s initial feeling about the author’s homework
A. Excited. B. Relieved. C. Disapproving. D. Disbelieving.
27. What did the author want to express through the last paragraph
A. He would go for more freedom. B. The maths puzzle was a life changer.
C. That lesson taught him to think twice. D. His university life was pretty colorful.
C
When I was a graduate student, my co-workers and I were wondering how losing one night of sleep affects a person's ability to manage their emotions.
Once a week, typically on Friday evening, we would stay up all night to monitor our participants and ensure they followed the experimental plan. At about noon the next day, we would all go out of the lab, worn oat and eager to get home and rest.
Two months into the experiment, I was in my car at a traffic light when a silly love song started playing on the radio. Suddenly, I cried uncontrollably. I remember feeling surprised at my reaction. It then hit me that I was not just studying sleep deprivation (睡眠剥夺) —I had become part of the study. Weeks of missed sleep had caused harm, and I was no longer in control of my emotions.
That research project proved a strong connection between good sleep and emotional health. In healthy individuals, good-quality sleep is linked with a more positive mood ——and it takes just one night of sleep deprivation to cause anxiety and depression the following morning. Moreover, people who suffer from long-term sleep deprivation tend to experience daily events more negatively.
For decades researchers and medical professionals have considered sleep loss a by-product or symptom (症状) of depression or anxiety. In other words first comes the anxiety, and then sleep loss. Today we know that this order can be reversed. Much evidence shows that people who suffer from insomnia (失眠症)are at least twice as likely to develop depression or anxiety later in life, compared with individuals who sleep well.
Stepping back, we can find that mental and emotional health rely on a delicate balance. A single sleepless night can therefore do damage. The science of sleep and mental health suggests that failing to address the problems that prevent people from getting enough rest will leave people easily hurt in mind.
28. What is the author’s research mainly about
A. Factors that affect emotions. B. The damage of sleep deprivation.
C. Ways to improve mental health. D. The link between sleep and emotions.
29. How was the research conducted
A. By referring to previous research. B. By making researchers the subjects.
C. By doing experiments on participants. D. By including music in the process.
30. Why did the author burst into tears
A. The love song was so touching. B. The research was too stressful.
C. She missed her family too much. D. She was severely lacking in sleep.
31. Which word can replace the underlined word “reversed” in paragraph 5
A. Disclosed. B. Switched. C. Identified. D. Arranged.
D
You might think a computer would be a fair judge, but a new study from MIT finds it might be better for you to leave yourself in the hands of humans. AI won’t let people off easily when they break the rule!
This study, conducted by a team at MIT, examined how AI would interpret perceived violations (违反) of a given code. They discovered the most effective data for AI training is normative data, where humans determine whether a rule has been violated. However, data used to train machine-learning models are typically labeled descriptively — meaning people label the factual features of a situation, and AI determines whether a code has been broken.
The team gathered images of dogs that could potentially violate an apartment rule banning aggressive animals. Labelers were then asked to provide normative and descriptive responses. The descriptive team wasn’t informed about the policy on dogs, and was asked to identify whether elements, such as the dog’s aggression, were present. Their responses helped to form judgments. If a user said the photo described an aggressive dog, the policy was considered to be violated. On the other hand, the normative group was informed about the rule and was asked to determine whether each image violated the rule.
Participants were 20 percent more likely to identify a violation using the descriptive method. If the descriptive data on dog behavior had been used to program an AI model, it would be more likely to issue severe punishment. These inaccuracies could be a real-world concern. For instance, if a descriptive model is used to predict whether a person may commit the same crime more than once, it may result in longer criminal sentences.
The researchers advocate for increased data transparency (透明性) to understand how data is collected. And their future work is to investigate the impact of having experts, such as lawyers and doctors, participate in data entry to see if it will lead to the same result. “Generally, normative decisions tend to be more lenient (宽容的),” says lead author Aparna Balagopalan. “Perhaps the way people think about violations differs from how they think about descriptive data.”
32. What can we learn about descriptive data
A. They’re usually used to train AI. B. They lead to more accurate judgment.
C. They consist of causes of a situation. D. They’re gathered to identify rule violation.
33. Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 4
A. To present a fact. B. To highlight a problem. C. To introduce a topic. D. To oppose an opinion.
34. What do the researchers plan to do
A. Use more normative data. B. Seek advice on data entry from experts.
C. Find new ways to gather data. D. Conduct studies with professional labelers.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. AI: rule defender or breaker B. Data set: decisive part of AI
C. AI judge: stricter than humans D. Better data: descriptive or normative
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever received an invitation that you couldn’t accept Do you struggle with how to decline without hurting someone’s feelings or causing conflict Does it bother you to turn someone down If the answer is yes to any of these questions, you’re not alone. In fact, this happens to most people at some time in their lives. ____36____ Here are some tips on how to turn down an invitation in the most polite way.
Don’t wait and don’t ignore the invitation.
As soon as you know you will be unable to go, let the person know. Most events require planning and budgeting. ____37____ She needs to know whether or not you’ll be there. Ignoring the invitation shows that you don’t know proper etiquette (礼节), and you might be left off the guest list for her next party.
____38____
Always sincerely thank the person for inviting you and let her know that you’re honored that she’d think highly enough of you to send the invitation.
Don’t tell lies and don’t over-explain.
You don’t ever have to come up with false excuses for why you’re unable to go to the event, but you also don’t have to go into detail. ____39____ That should be enough. And remember that when you give reasons, keep your explanation short and to the point. Doing otherwise will make it sound like you’re just trying to make up excuses.
Ask for a different time.
If the invitation is exclusive (独有的) to you, let the person know you’re unable to make it at the time she requested, ____40____
A. Express appreciation for the invitation.
B. The key is to let the person know whether or not you can accept the invitation as soon as possible and in a polite manner.
C. and you feel really sorry about that.
D. but you’d love to get together with her at another time.
E. Putting the invitation aside to deal with later isn’t good for you or the person who sent it.
F. It is impolite to refuse an invitation from others.
G. Let her know that you already have plans.
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
People always tell me I was brave to apply to medical school in my 30s. But for me, the bravest thing was to ____41____ from being a doctor 10 years later.
I’d always wanted to study ____42____ to help release the world from sufferings, but believing I was not bright enough, I left school at 15 and didn’t return to education ____43____ my 30s. ____44____ the fact that the commute (通勤) was tough and the money was ____45____, I kept going this time. I dreamed of becoming a doctor who made a(n) ____46____.
I spent five years at medical school learning ____47____ to fix things, but after graduation, when I worked in a hospital, I soon discovered there were many things in life I was unable to ____48____. It wasn’t the workload I struggled with, though. What I found really ____49____ was the emotional load. As a doctor, I knew I would ____50____ upsetting things. I knew I would watch people die and I knew I would see the most awful things. However, being always present at all these moments became a ____51____ for me.
I knew I needed a solution ____52____ it, and I finally ____53____ writing. Writing allowed me an escape, a door into another world, and it also helped to ____54____ my anxieties. Writing, something I had started as a form of treatment, now gave me success, an exit card, and a chance of self-protection. ____55____, I was wondering whether I was a doctor or a writer. Having thought thick and thin, I ____56____ my job and took the writing.
It was not a decision I made ____57____. I knew if I didn’t put ____58____ first, I would eventually disappear.
I still work on the wards (病房) now, but as a(an) ____59____. There are times when you need to focus on yourself. If you have walked so far down a rough road, you may find it ____60____ to head back because walking away is often the safest route of all.
41. A. hide B. suffer C. leave D. lean
42. A. education B. medicine C. history D. maths
43. A. until B. before C. after D. since
44. A. For B. With C. Given D. Despite
45. A. sufficient B. tight C. worthless D. missing
46. A. wish B. decision C. difference D. application
47. A. what B. who C. which D. how
48. A. handle B. recognize C. choose D. decide
49. A. amazing B. impossible C. essential D. significant
50. A. cause B. abandon C. witness D. fix
51. A. gift B. practice C. burden D. luck
52. A. by B. to C. with D. for
53. A. turned to B. gave up C. run for D. figured out
54. A. find out B. wipe out C. hand out D. pick out
55. A. Recently B. Originally C. Apparently D. Gradually
56. A. quitted B. regained C. continued D. led
57. A. seriously B. sadly C. aimlessly D. lightly
58. A. myself B. himself C. itself D. herself
59. A. expert B. leader C. volunteer D. doctor
60. A. easy B. fortunate C. hard D. wise
第II卷(非选择题 共50分)
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Technology isn’t the only way ____61____ (forecast) the weather. Nature has ____62____ (it) ways, too. Unusual animal behavior, for example, can indicate whether it’s cold, wet weather that’s on the way ____63____ a hot, dry period. If fish are jumping ____64____ (high) than usual or frogs are croaking more loudly, it may rain. And next time you look up ____65____ the sky, don’t just look for rain clouds, but also for birds. If they are flying low, grab your umbrella. It is also said that ____66____ (mouse) and snakes head for safer ground several days before ____67____ earthquake, while dogs ____68____ (avoid) the beach may be a sign that a tsunami ____69____ (approach). Of course, although these things may suggest something bad is going to happen, they won’t tell us when and where. So, for accurate and _____70_____ (rely) predictions, it’s best to check an official, scientific report.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Tom,
It’s great to hear from you. Thanks to your birthday card! You asked if I have been thinking a lot about the future now that I’m 17. The answer is yes! Things change so quickly, don’t you I mean, in just a year’s time, I will can be an adult. And this time in two months, I will be taking the College Entrance Examination. Hopeful, I will pass it! Then, in a couple of months, I will be study at a university. I want choose law. After graduate, I will look for a job relate to law. In the long term, I hope that 20 years from today, I will be working as the judge. Let’s see how things go. What are you hoping to do in the future Tell me your plans.
Best wish for you!
Diana
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
72. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Mark从新闻上看到中药抗疫有奇效，向你咨询有关中医药的情况。请你回一封邮件给予介绍。
要点如下：1.历史悠久；2.效果显著；3.获得国际认可。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇： 新冠 COVID-19 疫情 epidemic 世界卫生组织 WHO
Dear Mark,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua汉中市2024届高三年级教学质量第二次检测考试
英语
第二部分 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Here are some of the prettiest small towns across Europe.
Giethoorn, Netherlands
They call it the Dutch answer to Venice, but Giethoorn lacks one crucial thing that the Italian city has overtourism. As in Venice, life goes around the water. There are no cars in the center so the only way to get around is on foot or on the water. Hungry Stop at the Michelin-starred restaurant Hollands Veneti .
Guim ries, Portugal
Guim ries is crucial to Portugal’s history — It was named the country’s first capital in the 12th century. Its Middle Age core remains largely undamaged, full of grand old palaces and a broken castle, standing on top of a cliff. Like everywhere in Portugal, local bakeries make a taste pie, but here you should try the local speciality: tortas de Guim ries, a pastry filled with squash and ground almonds.
Clovelly, UK
Donkeys used to be the only way to get up and down the steep streets of Clovelly, a pretty fishing village in Devon, southwest England. Today, they still haven’t managed to bring cars in. It sits at the bottom of a 400-foot cliff. Instead, goods are transported by man-powered sledges (雪橇).
Kenmare, Ireland
On the southwestern tip of Ireland, the land melts into the ocean in County Kerry. Kenmare swings on the bay of the same name. This is in the middle of some of Ireland’s best loved ares. It’s on the Wild Atlantic Way, between the Ring of Kerry and the Ring of Beara. Kenmare is known for its food, and for its views — with grand mountains behind the clear bay.
21. How can one travel in Giethoorn
A. By car. B. By bus. C. By air. D. By water.
22. Why is Guimar es important to Portugal’s history
A. It stands on top of a cliff. B. It has many grand old palaces.
C. It was the country’s first capital. D. It attracted many famous bakers.
23. In which place can you experience the life of a fishing village
A. Giethoorn. B. Guimar es. C. Clovelly. D. Kenmare.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了欧洲四个美丽的小城镇。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“There are no cars in the center so the only way to get around is on foot or on the water.(市中心没有汽车，所以唯一的出行方式是步行或水上)”可知，Giethoorn的出行方式是水路。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Guim ries is crucial to Portugal’s history — It was named the country’s first capital in the 12th century.( Guim ries对葡萄牙的历史至关重要——它在12世纪被命名为葡萄牙的第一个首都)”可知，Guimar es对葡萄牙历史重要因为它是国家的第一个首都。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Donkeys used to be the only way to get up and down the steep streets of Clovelly, a pretty fishing village in Devon, southwest England.(在英格兰西南部德文郡一个美丽的渔村Clovelly，驴子曾经是人们在陡峭的街道上走来走去的唯一工具)”可知，Clovelly能体验到渔村的生活。故选C。
B
Aged 15 in high school, I was talkative and outgoing, often betting that nobody else would do their homework, so I needn’t either. I did not enjoy geometry (几何), although I liked the philosophical approach of our teacher, Mrs Trenholm. She told us that geometry was about humankind’s ability to work things out.
A month or so into the year we started on Euclidean geometry. We were all struggling and I was probably the most vocal (敢于直言的) in class about it. Mrs Trenholm set us homework — to prove two angles in a complex geometric shape are equal. She pulled me aside as we were leaving class and said, “Don’t talk your way out of this.”
I went home, worked on it for 20 minutes and gave up. Later I decided to try again. My handwriting was messy, and I noticed that if I made the diagram neater and bigger, I could see where I probably went wrong. At about 5 am, I got it and felt like my brain had been rewired!
I handed it in the next day. Mrs Trenholm would never embarrass students in front of everyone. So she came to me and handed me the paper with a little check mark in the corner. She looked right at me and asked, “Did you do this ” When I said yes, she nodded and went back to the front of the class, declaring, “One of you now understands Euclidean geometry. Let’s keep going so everybody will get it.”
From then on, I found that if I concentrated and worked hard, I could understand and even enjoy a subject. I went on to study maths and physics at university, took a master’s degree in applied science and became a nuclear research scientist. I became someone who no longer allowed myself the freedom to talk myself out of dealing with problems, or give up when things seemed too difficult.
24. How can we describe the author from the first two paragraphs
A. He was not skilled at socializing. B. He always had bets with others.
C. He was absorbed in philosophy. D. He had trouble studying geometry.
25. Why did Mrs Trenholm pull the author aside after class
A. To warn him not to talk too much. B. To give him some tips on homework.
C. To make him take homework seriously. D. To encourage him to try more approaches.
26. What was Mrs Trenholm’s initial feeling about the author’s homework
A. Excited. B. Relieved. C. Disapproving. D. Disbelieving.
27. What did the author want to express through the last paragraph
A. He would go for more freedom. B. The maths puzzle was a life changer.
C. That lesson taught him to think twice. D. His university life was pretty colorful.
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了主人公在高中时对几何学困难的经历，以及在一位教师的指导下最终克服困难并取得成功的过程，展现了教育的力量和自我成长的意义。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“I did not enjoy geometry (几何), although I liked the philosophical approach of our teacher, Mrs Trenholm. (我不喜欢几何，尽管我喜欢我们的老师特伦霍尔姆夫人的哲学方法。)”及第二段中“A month or so into the year we started on Euclidean geometry. We were all struggling and I was probably the most vocal in class about it. (大约一个月后，我们开始学习欧几里得几何。我们都在苦苦挣扎，而我可能是班级中最直言不讳的人。)”可知，他在学习几何学时遇到了困难，故选D项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“She pulled me aside as we were leaving class and said, “Don’t talk your way out of this.” (她把我拉到一边说：“不要用口舌偷懒。”)”可知，Mrs Trenholm拉着作者到一旁，是要告诉他不要用嘴巴逃避作业，这表明她希望他认真对待作业。故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“She looked right at me and asked, “Did you do this ” (她直视着我，问道：“是你做的吗？”)”可知，老师一开始看到作者的作业是怀疑的，所以才问作者是不是作者自己做的，故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“From then on, I found that if I concentrated and worked hard, I could understand and even enjoy a subject. (从那时起，我发现如果我专心致志，努力工作，我就能理解甚至享受一门学科。)”及“I became someone who no longer allowed myself the freedom to talk myself out of dealing with problems, or give up when things seemed too difficult. (我变成了一个不再允许自己自由地说服自己处理问题的人，或者在事情看起来太困难时放弃。)”可知，作者表达了成功解决几何难题的经历让他的生活也发生了改变，故选B项。
C
When I was a graduate student, my co-workers and I were wondering how losing one night of sleep affects a person's ability to manage their emotions.
Once a week, typically on Friday evening, we would stay up all night to monitor our participants and ensure they followed the experimental plan. At about noon the next day, we would all go out of the lab, worn oat and eager to get home and rest.
Two months into the experiment, I was in my car at a traffic light when a silly love song started playing on the radio. Suddenly, I cried uncontrollably. I remember feeling surprised at my reaction. It then hit me that I was not just studying sleep deprivation (睡眠剥夺) —I had become part of the study. Weeks of missed sleep had caused harm, and I was no longer in control of my emotions.
That research project proved a strong connection between good sleep and emotional health. In healthy individuals, good-quality sleep is linked with a more positive mood ——and it takes just one night of sleep deprivation to cause anxiety and depression the following morning. Moreover, people who suffer from long-term sleep deprivation tend to experience daily events more negatively.
For decades researchers and medical professionals have considered sleep loss a by-product or symptom (症状) of depression or anxiety. In other words, first comes the anxiety, and then sleep loss. Today we know that this order can be reversed. Much evidence shows that people who suffer from insomnia (失眠症)are at least twice as likely to develop depression or anxiety later in life, compared with individuals who sleep well.
Stepping back, we can find that mental and emotional health rely on a delicate balance. A single sleepless night can therefore do damage. The science of sleep and mental health suggests that failing to address the problems that prevent people from getting enough rest will leave people easily hurt in mind.
28. What is the author’s research mainly about
A Factors that affect emotions. B. The damage of sleep deprivation.
C. Ways to improve mental health. D. The link between sleep and emotions.
29. How was the research conducted
A. By referring to previous research. B. By making researchers the subjects.
C. By doing experiments on participants. D. By including music in the process.
30. Why did the author burst into tears
A. The love song was so touching. B. The research was too stressful.
C. She missed her family too much. D. She was severely lacking in sleep.
31. Which word can replace the underlined word “reversed” in paragraph 5
A. Disclosed. B. Switched. C. Identified. D. Arranged.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. D 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文，几十年来，研究认为抑郁或焦虑导致了睡眠不足，但是现在的研究表明，很可能是失眠导致了抑郁或焦虑的产生。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“my co-workers and I were wondering how losing one night of sleep affects a person’s ability to manage their emotions.(我的同事和我想知道一夜不睡会如何影响一个人管理自己情绪的能力。)”及第四段中的“That research project proved a strong connection between good sleep and emotional health.(研究证明了高质量睡眠与情感健康之间的关系。)”可知，作者的研究是关于睡眠与情绪之间的联系的。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Once a week, typically on Friday evening, we would stay up all night to monitor our participants and ensure they followed the experimental plan.(每周一次，通常是在周五晚上，我们会彻夜监视参与者，确保他们遵守实验计划。)”可知，作者和她的同事们通常会在每周五的晚上通宵监督实验的参与者，确保他们遵守了实验计划。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Suddenly, I cried uncontrollably.(突然，我情不自禁地哭了起来。)”和“It then hit me that I was not just studying sleep deprivation—I had become part of the study. Weeks of missed sleep had caused harm, and I was no longer in control of my emotions.(然后我突然意识到，我不仅仅是在研究睡眠不足——我已经成为了这项研究的一部分。几周的失眠造成了伤害，我再也无法控制自己的情绪了。)”可知，极度缺乏睡眠导致作者无法控制情绪而哭泣。故选D。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段的“For decades researchers and medical professionals have considered sleep loss a by-product or symptom of depression or anxiety. In other words, first comes the anxiety, and then sleep loss. (几十年来，研究人员和医学专业人士一直认为睡眠不足是抑郁或焦虑的副产品或症状。换句话说，首先是焦虑，然后是睡眠不足。)”可知，研究认为先有焦虑，后有睡眠不足；根据划线词后面的“Much evidence shows that people who suffer from insomnia are at least twice as likely to develop depression or anxiety later in life, compared with individuals who sleep well.(大量证据表明，患有失眠症的人在以后的生活中抑郁或焦虑的可能性至少是睡眠良好的人的两倍。)”可知，研究表明很可能失眠导致了抑郁或焦虑的产生，因此划线词所在句应意为“如今我们知道这个顺序可能是颠倒的”，即划线词意为“颠倒的”，则switched(对调的，调换的)与划线词含义最为接近。故选B。
D
You might think a computer would be a fair judge, but a new study from MIT finds it might be better for you to leave yourself in the hands of humans. AI won’t let people off easily when they break the rule!
This study, conducted by a team at MIT, examined how AI would interpret perceived violations (违反) of a given code. They discovered the most effective data for AI training is normative data, where humans determine whether a rule has been violated. However, data used to train machine-learning models are typically labeled descriptively — meaning people label the factual features of a situation, and AI determines whether a code has been broken.
The team gathered images of dogs that could potentially violate an apartment rule banning aggressive animals. Labelers were then asked to provide normative and descriptive responses. The descriptive team wasn’t informed about the policy on dogs, and was asked to identify whether elements, such as the dog’s aggression, were present. Their responses helped to form judgments. If a user said the photo described an aggressive dog, the policy was considered to be violated. On the other hand, the normative group was informed about the rule and was asked to determine whether each image violated the rule.
Participants were 20 percent more likely to identify a violation using the descriptive method. If the descriptive data on dog behavior had been used to program an AI model, it would be more likely to issue severe punishment. These inaccuracies could be a real-world concern. For instance, if a descriptive model is used to predict whether a person may commit the same crime more than once, it may result in longer criminal sentences.
The researchers advocate for increased data transparency (透明性) to understand how data is collected. And their future work is to investigate the impact of having experts, such as lawyers and doctors, participate in data entry to see if it will lead to the same result. “Generally, normative decisions tend to be more lenient (宽容的),” says lead author Aparna Balagopalan. “Perhaps the way people think about violations differs from how they think about descriptive data.”
32. What can we learn about descriptive data
A. They’re usually used to train AI. B. They lead to more accurate judgment.
C. They consist of causes of a situation. D. They’re gathered to identify rule violation.
33. Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 4
A. To present a fact. B. To highlight a problem. C. To introduce a topic. D. To oppose an opinion.
34. What do the researchers plan to do
A. Use more normative data. B. Seek advice on data entry from experts.
C. Find new ways to gather data. D. Conduct studies with professional labelers.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. AI: rule defender or breaker B. Data set: decisive part of AI
C. AI judge: stricter than humans D. Better data: descriptive or normative
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们通常认为计算机会做出公平公正的判断，但来自麻省理工学院（MIT）的研究发现，人工智能模型会做出不同于人类的、更严厉的判断。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, data used to train machine-learning models are typically labeled descriptively — meaning people label the factual features of a situation, and AI determines whether a code has been broken.”（然而，用于训练机器学习模型的数据通常是描述性标记的——这意味着人们会标记情况的事实特征，而人工智能会确定代码是否被破坏。）可知，用于训练机器学习模型的数据通常是描述性数据。故选A项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Participants were 20 percent more likely to identify a violation using the descriptive method. If the descriptive data on dog behavior had been used to program an AI model, it would be more likely to issue severe punishment. These inaccuracies could be a real-world concern. For instance, if a descriptive model is used to predict whether a person may commit the same crime more than once, it may result in longer criminal sentences.”（参与者使用描述性方法识别违规行为的可能性提高了20%。如果关于狗的行为的描述性数据被用于编程人工智能模型，它更有可能发出严厉的惩罚。这些不准确可能是现实世界的问题。例如，如果使用描述性模型来预测一个人是否可能多次犯下相同的罪行，则可能导致更长的刑事判决。）可知，题干中的“example”指的是如果使用描述性模型来预测一个人是否可能多次犯下相同的罪行，则可能导致更长的刑期。该段提到参与者使用描述性方法识别出违规的可能性更高。如果将关于狗的行为的描述性数据用于人工智能模型编程，则人工智能更有可能做出严厉的惩罚。这些不准确之处在现实世界中会是一个令人担忧的问题。接着举例以强调这一问题的严重性。由此可推知，作者在第4段提到这个例子是为了强调一个问题。故选B项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And their future work is to investigate the impact of having experts, such as lawyers and doctors, participate in data entry to see if it will lead to the same result.”（他们未来的工作是调查让律师和医生等专家参与数据录入的影响，看看是否会产生同样的结果。）可知，研究者们接下来的工作是调查让专家（如律师和医生等）参与数据录入的影响，看看它是否会导致相同的结果。由此可知，研究者们打算通过让专业人员做数据标记员开展研究。故选D项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读全文以及第一段“You might think a computer would be a fair judge, but a new study from MIT finds it might be better for you to leave yourself in the hands of humans. AI won’t let people off easily when they break the rule!”（你可能认为电脑会是一个公正的裁判，但麻省理工学院的一项新研究发现，把自己交给人类可能会更好。当人们违反规则时，人工智能不会轻易放过他们！）可知，文章第一段点明了主题——研究发现人工智能是比人类更为严苛的法官；第二、三段介绍了研究的手段和过程；第四段介绍研究结果以及发现的问题；第五段是未来研究方向。故文章最好的标题是“人工智能法官:比人类更严格”。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever received an invitation that you couldn’t accept Do you struggle with how to decline without hurting someone’s feelings or causing conflict Does it bother you to turn someone down If the answer is yes to any of these questions, you’re not alone. In fact, this happens to most people at some time in their lives. ____36____ Here are some tips on how to turn down an invitation in the most polite way.
Don’t wait and don’t ignore the invitation.
As soon as you know you will be unable to go, let the person know. Most events require planning and budgeting. ____37____ She needs to know whether or not you’ll be there. Ignoring the invitation shows that you don’t know proper etiquette (礼节), and you might be left off the guest list for her next party.
____38____
Always sincerely thank the person for inviting you and let her know that you’re honored that she’d think highly enough of you to send the invitation.
Don’t tell lies and don’t over-explain.
You don’t ever have to come up with false excuses for why you’re unable to go to the event, but you also don’t have to go into detail. ____39____ That should be enough. And remember that when you give reasons, keep your explanation short and to the point. Doing otherwise will make it sound like you’re just trying to make up excuses.
Ask for a different time.
If the invitation is exclusive (独有的) to you, let the person know you’re unable to make it at the time she requested, ____40____
A. Express appreciation for the invitation.
B. The key is to let the person know whether or not you can accept the invitation as soon as possible and in a polite manner.
C. and you feel really sorry about that.
D. but you’d love to get together with her at another time.
E. Putting the invitation aside to deal with later isn’t good for you or the person who sent it.
F. It is impolite to refuse an invitation from others.
G. Let her know that you already have plans.
【答案】36. B 37. E 38. A 39. G 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些关于如何以最礼貌的方式拒绝邀请的建议。
【36题详解】
由上文“Have you ever received an invitation that you couldn’t accept Do you struggle with how to decline without hurting someone’s feelings or causing conflict Does it bother you to turn someone down If the answer is yes to any of these questions, you’re not alone. In fact, this happens to most people at some time in their lives. (你曾经收到过无法接受的邀请吗？你是否在为如何在不伤害他人感情或引起冲突的情况下拒绝而挣扎？拒绝别人会让你烦恼吗？如果以上任何一个问题的答案是肯定的，那么你并不孤单。事实上，大多数人在一生中的某个时候都会遇到这种情况。)”可知，本空要说跟“如何正确拒绝别人”有关的话题，故B选项“The key is to let the person know whether or not you can accept the invitation as soon as possible and in a polite manner. (关键是要以礼貌的方式尽快让对方知道你是否可以接受邀请。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
【37题详解】
由后文“She needs to know whether or not you’ll be there. Ignoring the invitation shows that you don’t know proper etiquette (礼节), and you might be left off the guest list for her next party. (她需要知道你是否会去。无视邀请表明你不懂适当的礼仪，你可能会被排除在她下次聚会的客人名单之外。)”可知，本句要表达不能无视邀请，故E选项“Putting the invitation aside to deal with later isn’t good for you or the person who sent it. (把邀请放在一边之后再处理对你或发送邀请的人都没有好处。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。
【38题详解】
由下文“Always sincerely thank the person for inviting you and let her know that you’re honored that she’d think highly enough of you to send the invitation. (一定要真诚地感谢邀请你的人，让她知道她对你的评价很高，你很荣幸。)”可知，本空要说感谢邀请你的人，故A选项“Express appreciation for the invitation. (对邀请表示感谢。)”契合该段内容，符合题意。故选A。
【39题详解】
由上文“You don’t ever have to come up with false excuses for why you’re unable to go to the event, but you also don’t have to go into detail. (你不必为你为什么不能去参加活动找虚假的借口，但你也不必详细说明。)”可知，本空要说跟“正确解释自己理由”有关的话题，故G选项“Let her know that you already have plans. (让她知道你已经有计划了。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
【40题详解】
由上文“If the invitation is exclusive (独有的) to you, let the person know you’re unable to make it at the time she requested (如果邀请只对你一个人，让对方知道你不能在她要求的时间来)”可知，本空要说虽然不能在她要求的时间来，也希望以后再聚，故D选项“but you’d love to get together with her at another time. (但你很想改天和她聚在一起。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
People always tell me I was brave to apply to medical school in my 30s. But for me, the bravest thing was to ____41____ from being a doctor 10 years later.
I’d always wanted to study ____42____ to help release the world from sufferings, but believing I was not bright enough, I left school at 15 and didn’t return to education ____43____ my 30s. ____44____ the fact that the commute (通勤) was tough and the money was ____45____, I kept going this time. I dreamed of becoming a doctor who made a(n) ____46____.
I spent five years at medical school learning ____47____ to fix things, but after graduation, when I worked in a hospital, I soon discovered there were many things in life I was unable to ____48____. It wasn’t the workload I struggled with, though. What I found really ____49____ was the emotional load. As a doctor, I knew I would ____50____ upsetting things. I knew I would watch people die and I knew I would see the most awful things. However, being always present at all these moments became a ____51____ for me.
I knew I needed a solution ____52____ it, and I finally ____53____ writing. Writing allowed me an escape, a door into another world, and it also helped to ____54____ my anxieties. Writing, something I had started as a form of treatment, now gave me success, an exit card, and a chance of self-protection. ____55____, I was wondering whether I was a doctor or a writer. Having thought thick and thin, I ____56____ my job and took the writing.
It was not a decision I made ____57____. I knew if I didn’t put ____58____ first, I would eventually disappear.
I still work on the wards (病房) now, but as a(an) ____59____. There are times when you need to focus on yourself. If you have walked so far down a rough road, you may find it ____60____ to head back because walking away is often the safest route of all.
41. A. hide B. suffer C. leave D. lean
42 A. education B. medicine C. history D. maths
43. A. until B. before C. after D. since
44. A. For B. With C. Given D. Despite
45. A. sufficient B. tight C. worthless D. missing
46. A. wish B. decision C. difference D. application
47. A. what B. who C. which D. how
48. A. handle B. recognize C. choose D. decide
49. A. amazing B. impossible C. essential D. significant
50. A. cause B. abandon C. witness D. fix
51. A. gift B. practice C. burden D. luck
52. A. by B. to C. with D. for
53. A. turned to B. gave up C. run for D. figured out
54. A. find out B. wipe out C. hand out D. pick out
55. A. Recently B. Originally C. Apparently D. Gradually
56. A. quitted B. regained C. continued D. led
57. A. seriously B. sadly C. aimlessly D. lightly
58. A. myself B. himself C. itself D. herself
59. A. expert B. leader C. volunteer D. doctor
60. A. easy B. fortunate C. hard D. wise
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. C 51. C 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. D 56. A 57. D 58. A 59. C 60. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。描述了作者学医的经历、在医院工作的体验以及面对生死时的情感压力。他最终通过写作找到了自我释放和自我保护的方式，并决定放弃医生工作成为一名作家。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但对我来说，最勇敢的事情是在10年后离开医生的岗位。A. hide隐藏；B. suffer遭受；C. leave离开；D. lean倚靠。根据后文“Having thought thick and thin, I ____16____ my job and took the writing.”可知，作者后面开始写作，所以应是离开医生的岗位。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直想学医，以帮助世界摆脱苦难，但我认为自己不够聪明，15岁时离开学校，直到30多岁才重返校园。A. education教育；B. medicine医学；C. history历史；D. maths数学。根据上文“People always tell me I was brave to apply to medical school in my 30s.(人们总是说我在30多岁的时候申请医学院很勇敢)”可知，作者一直想学医。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我一直想学医，以帮助世界摆脱苦难，但我认为自己不够聪明，15岁时离开学校，直到30多岁才重返校园。A. until直到；B. before在……之前；C. after在……之后；D. since自从。此处为not…until…表示“直到……才……”。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管上下班路途艰难，手头也很紧，但这次我还是坚持了下来。A. For为了；B. With和；C. Given考虑到；D. Despite尽管。根据后文“the fact that the commute (通勤) was tough and the money was…, I kept going this time.”可知，两句间是转折关系，应用Despite引导让步状语。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管上下班路途艰难，手头也很紧，但这次我还是坚持了下来。A. sufficient充足的；B. tight紧的；C. worthless无价值的；D. missing丢失的。根据and可知，空处和前文的“the commute (通勤) was tough”并列，讲述学医的缺点，所以此处应是钱不多，手头也很紧。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我梦想成为一名有所作为的医生。A. wish希望；B. decision决定；C. difference差异；D. application应用。根据前文“made a”结合选项可知，此处应是固定搭配：make a difference意为“起（重要）作用，有所作为”符合语境。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我在医学院花了五年时间学习如何修理东西，但毕业后，当我在医院工作时，我很快发现生活中有很多事情我无法处理。A. what什么；B. who谁；C. which哪一个；D. how如何。此处为疑问词+不定式结构，且表示“如何”应用how。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在医学院花了五年时间学习如何修理东西，但毕业后，当我在医院工作时，我很快发现生活中有很多事情我无法处理。A. handle处理；B. recognize认出；C. choose选择；D. decide决定。根据后文“What I found really ____9____ was the emotional load.”可知，作者的情绪负荷很大，无法处理。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我发现真正不可能的是情感负担。A. amazing惊人的；B. impossible不可能的；C. essential重要的；D. significant重要的。根据前文“I soon discovered there were many things in life I was unable to…It wasn’t the workload I struggled with, though.”可知，作者先说生活中有些事不能处理，然后说不是工作量问题，所以不可能处理的是情绪负荷。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名医生，我知道我会目睹令人不安的事情。A. cause造成；B. abandon抛弃；C. witness目击；D. fix修理。根据后文“I knew I would watch people die and I knew I would see the most awful things.(我知道我会看着人们死去，我知道我会看到最可怕的事情)”可知，作者会目睹令人沮丧的事情。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，总是出现在所有这些时刻对我来说成了一种负担。A. gift礼物；B. practice练习；C. burden负担；D. luck运气。根据前文“Writing allowed me an escape, a door into another world”可知，作者时刻目睹令人沮丧的事情成为一种负担，不得不转向写作寻求解决办法，故选C。
【52题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：我知道我需要一个解决方案，我最终转向写作。A. by借助；B. to朝着；C. with和；D. for为了。此处为短语solution to表示“……的解决方案”。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语义辨析。句意：我知道我需要一个解决方案，我最终转向写作。A. turned to求助于；B. gave up放弃；C. run for参选；D. figured out弄清楚。根据前文“I knew I needed a solution to it”以及后文“Writing allowed me an escape, a door into another world”可知，作者需要一个解决方案，最终他求助于写作来解决。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：写作给了我一种逃避，一扇通往另一个世界的门，它也帮助我消除了焦虑。A. find out查明；B. wipe out消除；C. hand out分发；D. pick out挑选。根据前文“Writing allowed me an escape, a door into another world, and it also helped to”可知，作者找到了写作可以帮助他处理情绪负荷，所以此处应是消除了焦虑。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我开始怀疑自己到底是个医生还是作家。A. Recently最近；B. Originally起初；C. Apparently显然；D. Gradually逐渐地。根据前文“Writing, something I had started as a form of treatment, now gave me success, an exit card, and a chance of self-protection.(写作，一开始是作为一种治疗方式，现在却给了我成功、一张退场卡和一个自我保护的机会)”可知，写作给了作者成功，而作为医生让作者痛苦，所以逐渐地，作者在怀疑自己到底是个医生还是作家。故选D。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：思前想后，我辞掉了工作，开始写作。A. quitted辞职，停止；B. regained恢复；C. continued继续；D. led带领。根据后文“took the writing”可知，作者选择了写作，所以应是辞去了医生的工作，quit my job意为“辞职”。故选A。
【57题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这不是我轻易做出的决定。A. seriously严肃地；B. sadly悲伤地；C. aimlessly无目的地；D. lightly容易地。根据前文“But for me, the bravest thing was to…from being a doctor 10 years later.”可知，作者认为离开医生岗位是最勇敢的事，所以这个决定需要很大勇气，不是轻易做出的。故选D。
【58题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：我知道如果我不把自己放在第一位，我最终会消失。A. myself我自己；B. himself他自己；C. itself它自己；D. herself她自己。根据后文“I would eventually disappear”可知，因为自己最终最消失，所以把自己放在第一位。故选A。
【59题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在仍然在病房工作，但是作为一名志愿者。A. expert专家；B. leader领导；C. volunteer志愿者；D. doctor医生。根据前文可知，作者30岁才开始学医，所以不会是专家和领导，他也辞去了医生职位，所以只能是志愿者。故选C。
【60题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你在一条崎岖的路上走了很远，你可能会发现掉头是明智的，因为走开通常是最安全的路线。A. easy 容易的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. hard努力的；D. wise明智的。根据前文“If you have walked so far down a rough road”以及后文“because walking away is often the safest route of all.”结合作者的经历可知，在一条崎岖的路上走了很远，走开通常是最安全的路，因此推断回头也许对你是最明智的。故选D。
第II卷(非选择题 共50分)
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Technology isn’t the only way ____61____ (forecast) the weather. Nature has ____62____ (it) ways, too. Unusual animal behavior, for example, can indicate whether it’s cold, wet weather that’s on the way ____63____ a hot, dry period. If fish are jumping ____64____ (high) than usual or frogs are croaking more loudly, it may rain. And next time you look up ____65____ the sky, don’t just look for rain clouds, but also for birds. If they are flying low, grab your umbrella. It is also said that ____66____ (mouse) and snakes head for safer ground several days before ____67____ earthquake, while dogs ____68____ (avoid) the beach may be a sign that a tsunami ____69____ (approach). Of course, although these things may suggest something bad is going to happen, they won’t tell us when and where. So, for accurate and _____70_____ (rely) predictions, it’s best to check an official, scientific report.
【答案】61. to forecast
62. its 63. or
64. higher 65. at##into
66. mice 67. an
68. avoiding
69. is approaching
70. reliable
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了科技并不是预测天气的唯一方法，动物的某些行为也可以预测，文章举了一些例子，但是这些并不会告诉我们确切的时间和地点，因此，想要得到准确的预测还是要查询官方报告。
【61题详解】
考查不定式。句意：技术并不是预测天气的唯一方法。分析可知，空处应为不定式作后置定语，修饰way，故填to forecast。
【62题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：大自然也有它的方式。根据空后ways，并结合句意，空处表示“它的”，空处应为形容词性物主代词，故填its。
【63题详解】
考查连词。句意：例如，不寻常的动物行为可以表明无论是即将到来的寒冷潮湿天气或还是炎热干燥的时期。分析可知，空处连接的是两种不同的天气，表示选择关系，whether...or为固定结构，表示“无论……还是……”，故填or。
【64题详解】
考查比较级。句意：如果鱼跳得比平时更高，或者青蛙的呱呱叫声更大，可能会下雨。根据空后than可知空处应为比较级，故填higher。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：下次你抬头仰望天空时，不仅要寻找雨云，还要寻找鸟类。根据句意可知，空处表示“仰望，抬头看”，look up at/into为固定短语，表示“仰望，抬头看”，故填at/into。
【66题详解】
考查名词。句意：也有人说，老鼠和蛇在地震前几天会前往更安全的地方，而避开海滩的狗可能是海啸即将来临的迹象。根据and后的并列成分snakes可知，空处应为复数形式，表示泛指，故填mice。
【67题详解】
考查冠词。句意：也有人说，老鼠和蛇在地震前几天会前往更安全的地方，而避开海滩的狗可能是海啸即将来临的迹象。空后名词earthquake为名词单数，空处应有不定冠词，earthquake为元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
【68题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：也有人说，老鼠和蛇在地震前几天会前往更安全的地方，而避开海滩的狗可能是海啸即将来临的迹象。分析可知，dogs与avoid之间是主动关系，空处应为现在分词作后置定语，故填avoiding。
【69题详解】
考查现在进行时。句意：也有人说，老鼠和蛇在地震前几天会前往更安全的地方，而避开海滩的狗可能是海啸即将来临的迹象。根据may be可知，此处表示“推测”，应用现在进行时表示即将发生的动词，故填is approaching。
【70题详解】
考查形容词。句意：因此，为了获得准确可靠的预测，最好查看官方的科学报告。分析可知，空处应为形容词修饰空后名词predictions，故填reliable。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Tom,
It’s great to hear from you. Thanks to your birthday card! You asked if I have been thinking a lot about the future now that I’m 17. The answer is yes! Things change so quickly, don’t you I mean, in just a year’s time, I will can be an adult. And this time in two months, I will be taking the College Entrance Examination. Hopeful, I will pass it! Then, in a couple of months, I will be study at a university. I want choose law. After graduate, I will look for a job relate to law. In the long term, I hope that 20 years from today, I will be working as the judge. Let’s see how things go. What are you hoping to do in the future Tell me your plans.
Best wish for you!
Diana
【答案】1 to→for 2.you→they 3. 删掉can 4. Hopeful→Hopefully 5.study→studying
6. want后加to 7. graduate→graduation 8. relate→related 9. the→a
10. wish→wishes
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。短文中Diana感谢Tom的生日祝福，并讲述了Diana自己对未来的计划。
【详解】1.考查介词。句意：谢谢你的生日贺卡！thanks to表示“多亏了”，句中表示感谢，应为thanks for，表示“感谢……”，故将to改为for。
2.考查代词。句意：事情变化的太快了不是吗？此句为反义疑问句，指代的是Things，为复数，故将you改为they。
3.考查时态。句意：我的意思是，在短短一年的时间里，我就可以成为一个成年人了。根据试讲状语in+时间，可知与一般将来时连用，用will+动词原形，表示我将成为一名成年人。情态动词can是多余的，故将can删除。
4.考查副词。句意：希望，我会通过！Hopeful为形容词，其后有逗号，应为副词Hopefully作状语修饰后面整个句子，故将Hopeful改为Hopefully。
5.考查时态。句意：然后，再过几个月，我就要上大学了。根据上文will be taking可知，本句也为将来进行时态，故将study改为studying。
6.考查固定结构。句意：我想选择法律。want to do sth为固定结构表示“想要做某事”，故在want后加to。
7.考查名词。句意：毕业后，我会找一份与法律相关的工作。After为介词，其后应为名词作宾语，且“毕业”为不可数名词，故将graduate改为graduation。
8.考查过去分词。句意：毕业后，我会找一份与法律相关的工作。be related to为固定短语，表示“与……有关”，前面已有谓语will look for，此处非谓语用去掉be，直接用过去分词短语作后置定语，故将relate改为related。
9.考查冠词。句意：从长远来看，我希望从今天起的20年里，我将成为一名法官。the表示特指，句中表示泛指一名法官，judge是辅音音素开头的单词，故将the改为a。
10.考查名词复数。句意：祝你好运！best wishes for sb为固定短语，表示“向某人致以最良好的祝愿”，故将wish改为wishes。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
72. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Mark从新闻上看到中药抗疫有奇效，向你咨询有关中医药的情况。请你回一封邮件给予介绍。
要点如下：1.历史悠久；2.效果显著；3.获得国际认可。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇： 新冠 COVID-19 疫情 epidemic 世界卫生组织 WHO
Dear Mark,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mark,
I’m glad that you show great interest in the culture of Chinese medicine since some foreigners even don’t have a clear understanding of it
Just as you see from the news report, Chinese medicine has a significant effect on resisting COVID-19. As a matter of fact, Chinese medicine has a long history and plays an important role in the development of medicine. It’s different from the western medicine but effective in treatment, which has proved successful in the clinic application. In the process of fighting against the epidemic, Chinese medicine has also gained the international recognition.
I hope that my information can be helpful.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。英国朋友Mark从新闻上看到中药抗疫有奇效，向考生咨询有关中医药的情况，要求考生按照要求回一封邮件给予介绍。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→ happy
理解：understanding→ comprehension
重要的：significant→ important
事实上：as a matter of fact→ in fact
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：In the process of fighting against the epidemic, Chinese medicine has also gained the international recognition.
拓展句：In the process of fighting against the epidemic, it is Chinese medicine that has also gained the international recognition.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m glad that you show great interest in the culture of Chinese medicine since some foreigners even don’t have a clear understanding of it.（运用了that引导的宾语从句、since引导的原因状语从句）
【高分句型2】It’s different from the western medicine but effective in treatment, which has proved successful in the clinic application.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）

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