资源简介 (共21张PPT)第七章 呼吸系统疾病Section 3 Pneumoconiosis 肺尘埃沉着症长期吸入有害粉尘并沉积于肺,引起以肺广泛纤维化为主要病变的疾病。伴有肺功能损害。Factors influencing : Particle Size, Chemical Nature, Solubility, Concentration, Duration Of ExposureSilicosis 硅肺Occupational diseasesMines采矿, quarries采石, foundries玻璃厂, and construction sites, in the manufacture of glass, ceramics, and abrasive powders磨粉, and in masonry workshops 石匠致残、致死 Disabling and fatal不可逆、进行性发展 Irreversible and, moreover, the disease progresses even when exposure stops长期吸入含大量SiO2粉尘微粒引起的以硅结节形成和肺广泛纤维化为病变特征的尘肺。是尘肺中最常见、进展快、危害重的一种。>IL、TNF、FN硅结节和纤维化肺灰褐色,重量增加,质硬切面沙粒感,大小不等的致密结节周围肺组织有肺气肿① silicotic nodules细胞性结节纤维性结节玻璃样结节Confluence of whorled, hyalinized, fibrous nodules由肺门和纵膈淋巴结→向肺实质和胸膜发展② confluent fibrosis ( 弥漫性肺间质纤维化 )晚期达全肺 2 / 3 ,累及胸膜弥漫性纤维性增厚Pathological stagesStage I :硅结节局限于肺门淋巴结及附近肺组织,d 1-3 mmStage II : 硅结节累及全肺1 / 3 ,肺质地体积改变, X-ray > 1cmStage III : 硅结节融合成团块 ,X-ray > 2cm,肺实变 ,有空洞形成 , 重度纤维化 、 肺功能障碍弥漫性胸膜纤维化 Diffuse pleural fibrosis硅结节 Multiple, hard, black silicotic nodulesa slice of lung from a 61ys ceramics worker陶瓷工人Silicosis Symptoms气短 Shortness of breath咳嗽 Cough (blood stained)胸痛 Chest pains紫绀 Bluish skin疲劳 Fatigue (minor to severe)食欲不振 Loss of appetite盗汗 Weight loss, night sweatsCause of death肺结核Pulmonary tuberculosis呼吸衰竭 Respiratory failure肺纤维化肺气肿心力衰竭 Heart failure肺功能检查After 30 years of breaking silica stone, crushing it, breathing it in as dust and coughing it out as disease, Jiyawan has been left too ill even to walk upright, and too breathless to tell his story.Nov. 04, 2005Section 4 Chronic pulmonary hypertension & cor pulmonale肺动脉压持续超过体循环血压的1/4(30mmHg)Pathogenesis:气血屏障破坏 缺氧、CO2 细小动脉痉挛及管壁增厚肺泡壁血管床减少 肺循环阻力 血液左向右分流 肺血量 肺淤血 肺循环阻力 Pathological change:细小动脉壁增厚肺动脉高压!!由慢性肺疾病、肺血管疾病及胸廓运动障碍性疾病引起肺循环阻力增加、肺动脉压力增高,以右心室肥厚、扩张为特征的心脏病。Disease of right-sided cardiac chambers caused by pulmonary hypertension resulting from pulmonary parenchymal or pulmonary vascular disease.肺心病 Cor pulmonaleNoteExcluded from the definition are cases of pulmonary hypertension caused by left ventricular failure or other primary diseases of the left side of the heart and of pulmonary hypertension caused by congenital heart disease.① COPD ,肺间质纤维化破坏气血屏障肺血管床减少② 胸廓运动障碍性疾病压迫肺血管肺循环高阻③ 肺血管疾病肺小动脉栓塞等肺循环高阻 肺动脉高压 ,是引起肺心病的关键环节术后、胸廓畸形、脊柱结核等导致胸廓运动受限Pathological changes① 肺部病变肺部基础疾病 :我国 81.8% 为COPD,90% 为慢支和肺气肿肺血管病变 :肺A管壁内膜增厚,中膜平滑肌肥大,胶原增生肺间隔毛细血管破坏,数量显著减少 ( > 70 % )② 心脏病变右心室扩张,室壁肥厚肺动脉圆椎膨隆病理诊断标准 :肺动脉瓣下 2cm 处右心室肌壁厚度≥5mmClinical features呼吸系统症状 :慢性 咳、痰、喘,呼吸功能减退右心衰竭 :心慌、气急、肝肿大、下肢浮肿等晚期肺性脑病 ( 30 % ):心衰、呼衰缺氧、CO 2 潴留头痛、烦躁、嗜睡、昏迷,神经精神障碍 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览