资源简介 (共52张PPT)第八章 消化系统疾病Alimentary systemNormal gastroesophageal junction食 管Barrett's esophagusBarrett's esophagusBarrett's esophagusBarrett's esophagus with cancer胃 胃炎 Gastritis胃粘膜炎症大多数为慢性 Chronic gastritis最终使得粘膜萎缩、上皮化生① 自体免疫性:壁细胞、内因子抗体大细胞贫血Chronic Gastritis② 幽门螺杆菌Helicobacter pylori ( HP )H. pylori.Barry J. Marshall & J. Robin WarrenNeutrophils infiltrating foveolar epithelium in a case of active H. pylori gastritis④ 药物使用 NSAIDs③ 返流性胃炎 Reflux gastritis胆汁和碱性肠液epithelial desquamation 上皮脱落compensatory hyperplasia 代偿增生vasodilatation and edema 充血水肿e.g. post-operative stomachEtiology Histological findings Clinical consequencesAutoimmune Glandular atrophy in body mucosaIntestinal metaplasia 腺体萎缩肠化 Pernicious anemia恶性贫血Bacterial infection Active chronic inflammationMultiple atrophy: antrum>bodyIntestinal metaplasia 胃窦部萎缩肠化 Peptic ulceration gastric cancerChemical injury Foveolar hyperplasia小凹增生VasodilatationPaucity of inflammatory cells Gastric erosionsGastric ulcerII . 类型及病理变化Usu. antrumEndoscopy:胃粘膜充血、水肿伴点状糜烂红白相间花斑状(红相为主)① 慢性表浅性胃炎 Chronic superficial gastritisHistology:superficial;轻、中、重腺体完整淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润Chronic superficial gastritis② 慢性萎缩性胃炎 Chronic atrophic gastric胃窦部;胃体、胃底粘膜变薄Endoscopy:胃粘膜萎缩、薄皱襞变平、细粘膜苍白或红白相间(白相为主)小肠型化生大肠型化生肠上皮化生肠型胃癌假幽门腺化生胃体、胃底粘膜被胃窦型粘膜取代沿胃小弯上移Histology:粘膜全层;轻、中、重Glandular atrophy; metaplasia淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润腺体减少、粘膜萎缩肠化粘膜内淋巴结增生Advanced H. pylori gastritis with full-thickness mucosal inflammationAdvanced gastric atrophy with "burned-out" inflammation from a case of pernicious anemia.肥厚性胃炎 Menetrier’s disease …big foldsIII . Clinical symptomsA型:消化道症状少,明显厌食,体重减轻B型:消化道症状明显消化不良上腹部不适、饱胀感、隐痛出血贫血:A----恶性贫血;B---缺铁性贫血恶变:不典型增生注意:休息;饮食习惯各种原因引起的胃粘膜的急性炎症和损伤。临床分类:单纯性、出血糜烂性、腐蚀性和化脓性,单纯性最多见。急性胃炎 Acute gastritis病机 Pathogenesis粘膜保护机制消弱上皮细胞损伤酸增 /碳酸氢盐降低缺血性损伤胃窦部粘膜充血水肿表面附着粘稠分泌物急性胃炎胃镜24 ~ 48 h 后再生修复.An acute neutrophilic gastritis:Helicobacter pyloripolymorph infiltration is a dominant feature单纯性胃炎:充血、水肿、表面炎性渗出物。糜烂性胃炎:点状、片条状或广泛性出血,伴糜烂或急性浅表溃疡,充血明显可见血块。NSAID induced gastritis(Acute hemorrhagic gastritis)Clinical features:急性单纯胃炎主要表现是上腹痛、恶心、呕吐及食欲不振,常可伴有水样腹泻。急性糜烂性胃炎以上消化道出血为主要表现,轻者大便隐血,多数患者为呕血和黑便。上腹症状不明显。治疗: 适当休息,去除诱因;解痉、保护胃粘膜;止酸;止血Acute gastritis Chronic gastritisSurface epithelial degeneration Glandular atrophyRegenerative hyperplasia of pit-lining epithelium Intestinal metaplasiaVasodilatation/congestion Lamina propria fibrosis固有层纤维化Neutrophil polymorph response Lymphocyte and plasma cell response起病急,病程短急性炎症、糜烂、出血、溃疡 病程长,症状不明显胃镜及黏膜活检诊断 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览