资源简介 (共29张PPT)第二章 局部血液循环障碍2血栓形成 Thrombosis心血管腔内血液凝固或血液某些有形成分析出形成固体质块的过程。血栓 Thrombus小血管完整性血小板数量凝血因子凝血抑制因子钙离子内皮细胞 Endothelium抗凝性抗血小板效应物PGI, NO, ADP抗凝血物质Heparin-like moleculesthrombomodulin纤溶组织型纤溶酶原激活剂t-PA促凝性vWFTissue factorPlasminogen activator inhibitors 纤溶酶原激活抑制剂Coagulation Activity of Endothelial CellsPhoto: Kumar, Cotran, Robbins. Robbins Basic pathology, 7th ed., Saunders, Philadelphia, 2003.血小板 Platlets非激活状态有胞膜、光滑碟状、表达几个糖蛋白分子(整合素家族)a-granules:P-选择素,fibrinogen, fibronectin, factors V & VIIIDense bodies:ADP, ionized calcium, histamine血管受损后激活发生3个反应Adhesion & shape changevWFSecretion(release reaction)Release of dense body: ADPAggregationADPTXA2凝血级联 Coagultion cascade凝血级联活化导致thrombin formation(凝血酶形成),将血浆蛋白可溶性纤维素原转变为纤维素)纤维素网胶包绕血小板和其他血细胞Antithrombins IIIProteins C & S: inactivate Va & VIIIaFibrinolytic cascade: 纤溶酶 plasmint-PA, urokinase like PA正常止血 Normal hemostasis纤维素和血小板聚集形成固态的、牢固的止血栓血管收缩 Vasoconstriction微动脉收缩短暂神经反射或内皮细胞源性缩血管物质初级止血栓 Primary hemostasis内皮损伤血小板黏附、聚集次级止血栓 Secondary hemostasisCoagulation cascadeAntithrombotic counter-regulation正常止血 Normal hemostasisEffects of Vascular InjuryPhotos: Kumar, Cotran, Robbins. Robbins Basic pathology, 7th ed., Saunders, Philadelphia, 2003.Coagulation CascadePhoto: Kumar, Cotran, Robbins. Robbins Basic pathology, 7th ed., Saunders, Philadelphia, 2003.Factor X > Factor Xa > Factor II ConversionFibrinolytic SystemPhoto: Kumar, Cotran, Robbins. Robbins Basic pathology, 7th ed., Saunders, Philadelphia, 2003.血栓形成的条件(Virchow’s Triad)心血管内皮损伤血流改变血液凝固状态改变常见心血管内皮损伤的原因最重要的因素一个条件就够了例如:心肌梗死 Myocardial infarction粥样硬化斑块内毒素、炎症等引起心瓣膜、血管内皮损伤动脉血栓心肌梗死后附壁血栓Photo: Stevens A, Lowe J. Slide atlas of pathology. Mosby, London, 1995.急性心内膜炎急性心内膜炎亚急性心内膜炎血流状态改变 Abnormal Blood Flow静脉血流缓慢瘀滞静脉血栓形成机会多长期卧床下肢缺少活动经济舱动脉瘤内或室壁瘤内髂静脉血栓左心室室壁瘤形成(a ventricular aneurysm),此处疤痕没有收缩功能,容易血流瘀滞。 常见于长期卧床患者的静脉内、心瓣膜狭窄的心脏内、动脉瘤内凝血状态改变 Alternations in Coagulation促凝增加血管损伤释放组织凝血酶原激酶和磷脂导致凝血酶原激活物形成凝血酶原Prothrombin 凝血酶Thrombin抗凝降低血栓调节蛋白 Thrombomodulin抗凝血酶 Antithrombin III肝素 HeparinΑ2巨球蛋白 Alpha2-Marcoglobulin纤维蛋白溶酶 PlasminDownloaded from: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (on 31 January 2005 07:03 PM) 2005 Elsevier 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览