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名词的种类及用法
个性化辅导目标：掌握名词单数变复数形式与动词三单形式的异同
学生疑点和难点：1.名词复数的灵活运用。
2.动词的三单形式的运用。
Presentation
名词
名词概念：名词是某个人或物的名称，或是某类人或物的抽象名称。名词根据能否用数字来计算，可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词：可以用数字一个一个数出来的名词。它有单数和复数两种形式。
不可数名词：不可以用数字一个一个数出来的名词.
可数名词单数变复数形式规则：
1）以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的词加es, 如 bus---buses, box---boxes;
2) 以字母O结尾的词，分两种：若是有生命的名词，则加es 如 potato---potatoes, 若是无生命的名词，则加s，如photo---photos;
3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变 y为i，再加es. 如 baby---babies;
4) 以f或者fe结尾的词变f或fe为v，再加es; 如 knife--knives;
5)不规则变化：man---men, woman--women, ox---oxen, fish---fish, deer---deer, mouse--mice,
sheep---sheep, Chinese----Chinese, Japanese----Japanese, people--people, child---children,
woman teacher---women teachers，German--Germans, tooth--teeth, goose---geese, foot---feet.
6）除以上5种特殊情况外, 其它的可数名词都属于一般情况, 由单数变复数时直接加s.
注意：国人的单复数形式：
a Chinese→ ten Chinese a Japanese→ ten Japanese (中日不变)
a Frenchman→ three Frenchmen an Englishman→ some Englishmen (英法变man)
an Indian→four Indians a German→ two Germans an American→ many Americans
不可数名词 没有复数，只有单数 形式，做主语时谓语动词必须用单数形式。
Eg: There is some water on the desk. (课桌上有点水) 。
而且，不可数名词前面不能用a或an，但可用the, some,any.如 some milk/ bread/ oil/ salty . 此外，不可数名词有量的表达， 如a cup of tea, a glass of milk, two bags of rice, three bottles of orange, a piece of newspaper, a pair of---
巧记：一般带水状，肉类，粉末，细小颗粒，纸类，抽象的名词均属于不可数名词。
Follow-up:
用名词的正确形式填空。
I saw many ______________ (people) in the street.
Look at these ______________ (baby). How lovely they are!
______________ (Leaf) turn yellow in autumn.
My uncle has three ______________ (child).
My mother has a lot of ______________ (housework) to do every day.
I have some ______________ (photo) of my friend Jim.
You should clean your ______________ (tooth) every day.
I have some good ______________ (news) for you.
There are some ______________ (policeman) in the police station.
The green sweater is his ______________ (brother).
There are ten ______________ (woman teacher) in our school.
Mike and I are______________(Englishman).
I have two______________(bottle) of ______________(coke).
We don't want any ______________(water).
This is not ______________(duck). It's______________(swan).
答案：1.people 2.babies 3. Leaves 4.children 5.housework 6.photos 7.teeth 8.ne ws
9.policemen 10.brother’s 11. Women teachers 12. Englishmen 13.bottles; coke
14. water 15.a duck; a swan
翻译下列短语。
八瓶苹果汁_________________________ 一些鱼_________________________
三名警察_________________________ 四辆公交车_______________________
十颗香蕉树_________________________ 五名医生_________________________
几只绵羊_________________________ 一条蓝色的裤子___________________
几片树叶_________________________ 六份报纸_________________________
答案：1.eight bottles of apple juice ; some fish 2.three policemen; four buses
3.ten banana trees; five doctors 4.some sheep; a pair of trousers
5.some leaves; six pieces of newspaper
翻译下列句子。
你喜欢那些猴子吗？ ____________________________________________________
玻璃杯里面有些果汁。___________________________________________________
湖面上有鹅吗？ ___________________________________________________
花园里有很多玫瑰花。___________________________________________________
我父亲和我姐姐都是医生。_________________________________________________
答案：1. Do you like those monkeys 2. There is some juice in the glass
3. Are there any geese on the lake 4. There are many rose in the garden.
5. My father and my sister are doctors.
归类单词。
学习用品类：
动物类：
食品类：
水果类：
交通工具类：
服装鞋帽类：
颜色类：
家庭与亲属类：
动词
动词的概念：表示动作或状态的词。动词主要分为四大类----系动词，情态动词，助动词，实义动词。除情态动词以外，动词会随着主语的变化而变化。
一般现在时态下，实义动词的变化：当主语为第三人称单数时，动词也要变为第三人称单数形式（即动词三单）。
动词三单变化原则：
一般情况下直接在动词后面加s;
以字母o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词加es;
以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，把y改为i，再加es;
have→ has, be→ is
Follow-up:
把下列单数句变为复数句。
That is an orange watch.
________________________________________________
Is there a leaf on the tree
________________________________________________
Is it a country
________________________________________________
How much is the knife It's 15 dollars.
________________________________________________
He often plays baseball on Sundays.
________________________________________________
I can see a mouse and a wolf in the fields.
________________________________________________
Does he walk to school every day Yes, he does.
________________________________________________
There is a red strawberry on the plate.
________________________________________________
答案：1.There are oranges watches. 2. Are there leaves on the tree
3. Are they countries 4. How much are the knives They are 15 dollars.
5. They often play baseball on Sundays.
6. We can see mice and wolves in the fields.
7. Do they walk to school everyday Yes, they do.
8. There are red strawbeeries on the plate.
把下列复数句变为单数句。
The sheep are white. _________________________________________________
They don't live in Paris. __________________________________________________
We're women. _________________________________________________
What are those They are shelves. ________________________________________
There are many small foxes in these boxes._____________________________________
The ladies hate the thieves. _______________________________________________
答案：1.The sheep is white. 2. He doesn’t live in Paris. 3. I am a women
4. What is that That is a shelf. 5. There is a small fox in this box.
6. The lady hates the thief.
根据所给出的音标，写出正确的单词，使句子意思完整，并写出同音词。
/mi:t/ Lily would like to eat some____________ for supper.
I often____________Miss Chen on my way to school.
/n u/ I _____________the English girls very much.
Do you study Japanese ____________, I don't.
/ e / Look at the children over____________. __________teacher is talking with them.
/tu:/ There are___________women under the tree. We are good friends, ___________.
/s n/ Jim is a___________ of Mr Green. Look at the ___________, it's beautiful.
/we / ___________is your coat I___________a red coat today.
/hi / Can you___________me Come ___________, please.
/si:/ Can you ___________ the___________ It's big.
/di / Oh, ___________! Where is the ___________
/rait/ Does the girl ___________English carefully You are___________.
答案：1.meat；meet 2.know; No 3. there; Their 4.two; too 5.son; sun 6. Where; wear
7.hear; here 8.see; sea 9.dear; deer 10. write; right

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