资源简介

河南省开封市2024届高三下学期第二次质量检测英语试卷
一、第二部分阅读理解（共两节， 满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 阅读理解
Are you looking to bridge the gap between lifestyle and health, and start the positive journey of living longer and better
If so, then Goldster can help. Our friendly community embraces the challenges, the triumphs, and the aspirations of ageing, through live online classes for all levels of abilities. Classes are science-backed, hosted by industry-leading experts and designed for the over 50s.
With up to 20 live classes daily, there's always something to enjoy, from Pilates and Tai Chi to Resistance Training and Dance-there are even fitness classes suitable for all levels if you fancy something a-little more energetic.
Or if you prefer, craft your creativity with Creative Writing, Poetry and Art and sharpen your cognition with Brain Training classes and our highly acclaimed book club.
You can even capture some calm and melt into some-meditation （冥想）, mindfulness and self-massage with classes that help to invite a peaceful night's sleep.
Join for free now and receive:
5 free live and 5 free on-demand classes, with full access to daily live classes and recordings
A daily-email with class joining links
The Magazine full of weekly health and wellbeing articles
Exclusive online events
Simply log onto http://promo. goldster.co.uk/rd5 to claim your five free classes or scan the QR code al the bottom of the page.
So why not choose to feel belter Join now and keep active, healthy, and socially connected with Goldsler.
1．Who is an intended reader of this text
A．A young lady who is planning to lose weight.
B．A teenager who is interested in online courses.
C．A man in his late 30s who wants to live a healthy life.
D．An elderly woman who seeks to live longer and better.
2．Which is NOT included in Goldster's classes
A．Flower arrangement. B．Fitness training.
C．Sleep improvement. D．Writing practice.
3．What is the type of this text
A．A health report. B．An advertisement.
C．An announcement. D．An introduction.
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 阅读理解
Despite an ever-higher bar to grab the attention of students in large lecture hall, Tatiana Erukhimova, who teaches physics at Texas A&M University, has managed to get her students, as well as future generations, excited about the science,
Known as "Dr. Tatiana". the professor performs physics tricks with boundless energy and enthusiasm in her videos. A range of everyday objects are used in her experiments, from pingpong balls and toilet paper to marshmallows. bicycle wheels and hair dryers. Videos of her dramatic demonstrations have received hundreds of millions of views across social media platforms.
However, things aren't always easy. When she first started teaching college freshman classes two decades ago, she also struggled to grab the attention of her students. "I did not grab their attention on the first day-that was my mistake. "she says. "I missed this opportunity to bond with them from the very beginning, and then it took me a while to find my voice. "
By the second semester, she found her footing, adjusting her approach to get her students engaged. The key, she says, has been to make herself approachable and her instruction personal. And, of course, add showy demonstrations. "These demonstrations often help students to connect these abstract concepts with real life." she says.
Physics department head Grigory Rogachev says Erukhimova's work has helped bring visibility to the department, with about 2.5 million subscribers on its department's YouTube page, which has translated to a boost in research funds and physics major applicants.
As a leader in a STEM field in which women are underrepresented, she's become a role model for some. Afiya Dhanani attended Texas A&M University after seeing Erukhimova's videos online. "Watching Dr. Tatiana do the experiments online, especially since she was a female leader. Was more inspiring for me to even go into physics. " Dhanani said in an interview with CBS Mornings. That's all Erakhimova says she can hope for -making physics less forbidding. and more exciting.
4．What does Erukhimova's online videos feature
A．Rare materials. B．Energetic presentation.
C．Plain demonstration. D．Professional explanation.
5．Which saying explains Erukhimova's initial failure to grab students' attention 20 years ago
A．All that glitters is not gold.
B．Sharp tools make good work.
C．First impressions are make or break.
D．A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
6．How does Erukhimova's work contribute to the physics department
A．It leads more students to change their majors.
B．It makes more people to know about the department.
C．It helps the department translate more research papers.
D．It attracts more physics professors to join the department.
7．Which word best describes Erukhimova as a leader in a STEM field
A．Inspirational. B．Underestimated.
C．Cooperative. D．Ambitious.
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 阅读理解
The taste of champagne as we know it could change beyond recognition in the coming years. As global temperatures continue to rise, the climate crisis poses a threat to the production of wine.
The supply of Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier, among other popular wine-making grapes, are at risk. By 2050, about 85% of the lands that we grow good wine grapes on will no longer produce suitable wine grapes.
Grapes are susceptible to even the most subtle changes in weather. "Wine is kind of the canary （金丝雀） in the coal mine for climate change impacts on agriculture because so much of the character of wine is tied to the local climate. said Benjamin Cook, a climate scientist. He published a paper in 2020 examining the effects of climate change on agriculture and how the diversity of grapes can increase their resilience to such changes.
He adds that scientists are "seeing pretty much all plants, including wine grapevines, start their lifecycle in the growing season earlier, and often finish up earlier. You basically ripen your fruit earlier and typically you harvest earlier. In the Champagne region of France, these changes can alter the distinctive personalities of grapes grown there. "If it matures too quickly, the ratio of acidity and sugar might be different. "Cook said.
A grape's qualities are dependent on its environment. With a warming planet, it's harder to produce grapes that make champagne taste sweeter and boozier （酒精浓度高的）. "For instance, in a chardonnay grape, what you're looking for in a cooler climate is generally an apple taste, whereas in a warmer climate the warmth can change the grapes qualities to be more like a tropical fruit, or even banana-like. "said Spiess.
One of the many ways farmers and winemakers are trying to alleviate the effects of climate change on grape production is site selection. "Places like Belgium and the Netherlands and Sweden, they're experiencing positive effects of climate change as the planet is warming. Spiess said. As different regions in the world experience the effects of climate change differently, they may start to have more ideal climate conditions for wine making.
The downside for those Swedish winemakers If those champagne grapes aren't grown in the Champagne region of France, you can't call it champagne, which is a protected designation of origin.
So how do you say "bubbly" in Swedish
8．How does the climate change threaten the production of wine
A．By increasing the diversity of grapes.
B．By increasing the cost of wine making.
C．By intensify the competition between winemakers.
D．By reducing the production of suitable wine-making grapes.
9．What does the underlined word "susceptible" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Sensitive. B．Resistant. C．Adaptable. D．Tolerant.
10．Which of the following statements is true
A．The lifecycle of wine grapevines is becoming longer.
B．A chardonnay grape may taste like banana in cooler climate.
C．Grapes' ratio of acidity and sugar influences champagne's taste.
D．Wine making in Sweden faces the same challenge as that in France.
11．Which can be the best title of the text
A．Will champagne become sweeter
B．Why is champagne called champagne
C．Could Champagne soon stop producing champagne
D．What impact does climate change have on agriculture
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 阅读理解
A fallacy is an error in reasoning based on opinion, misunderstanding, or intentional misdirection that makes an argument mon causation（因果关系）fallacies include those of oversimplification and exaggeration, which occur when actual 'causes of an event are reduced to the point where connections between causes and effects are blurred or buried.
Oversimplification is common, which means reducing multiple causes to just one or a few. Well-intentioned writers and speakers can fall into the trap of oversimplification if not careful.
One motivation for simplification is the basic advice given to writers: Don't get stuck in details. In the process, however, a writer can leave out too many details, even critical information. Another contributing factor to oversimplification is the overuse of an important tool in critical thinking called Oceam's Razor, a principle that states that the simplest explanation that fits the data is the preferable one. The problem is that the simplest explanation might not always be the right-one.
A writer creating an argument can assume that based on Occam's Razor, the simplest explanation is likely true, but they must not assume that is always the case. They must look at all angles and complexities of an issue before settling on the simplest explanation.
Here is an example of oversimplification:
School violence has gone up and academic performance has gone down since video games featuring violence were introduced. Therefore, video games with violence should be banned, resulting in school improvement.
This argument exhibits oversimplification because it assumes problems in schools （increasing violence, decreasing academic performance can be attributed to a single cause: the time young people spend playing video games that feature violence. Various other factors, including social and economic conditions that may contribute to a child's mental health, are ignored.
Related to the fallacy of oversimplification is the fallacy of exaggeration-multiplying a couple of causes into many.
12．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A．The causes of oversimplification.
B．The impact of oversimplification.
C．The definition of oversimplification.
D．The characteristics of oversimplification.
13．How do writers commit oversimplification when creating an argument based on Occam's-Razor
A．They consider an issue to be complicated.
B．They look at an issue from different angles.
C．They believe the simplest explanation is likely true.
D．They have absolute trust in the simplest explanation.
14．Which of the following statements is an example of oversimplification
A．The nation's lack of moral standards is caused by multiple factors.
B．The latest currency policy takes full blame for the declining economy.
C．She was saved because of the seal belt as well as doctors' timely saving.
D．The problem of education not just lies in teachers' failure of doing their jobs.
15．What might the author discuss in the paragraphs that follow
A．Ways to avoid oversimplification.
B．More examples of oversimplification.
C．Causes and examples of exaggeration.
D．The distinction between exaggeration and oversimplification.
二、第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Friends are incredibly important people in our lives. Some are with us for decades. 　16． 　 Here are some tips to remember if you're processing the loss of a friend.
Sometimes things just don't work out.
　17． 　 In fact, people, on average, lose about half of their friends every seven years. One of the most common reasons those relationships end is that they just fell through the cracks. Things didn't work out. Nobody really wanted the friendship to end, but people got busy and didn't intentionally maintain the friendship.
Make the unsaid said.
Sometimes, in friendship, people don't make the unsaid said. 　18． 　 And because they're never directly addressed, people get to a point where they want to end the friendship before actually addressing the problem. Actually, if they had intervened sooner, they might have been able to save the friendship.
It's normal to feel grief.
When a friendship ends, there is a grieving process. Allow yourself to feel those emotions and be patient. Instead of pushing yourself to cheer up, try thinking like this, "Of course I'm upset. This is a natural part of intimacy （亲密关系） and loss. I lost someone I'm very close to. 　19． 　
　20． 　
It's important not to blame yourself and be mean to yourself for not getting over the loss of a friendship. Just because this happened like this doesn't mean more friendships will happen like this. Allow yourself to have a fresh perspective when you enter new friendships. You don't want to go into a new connection fearfully.
A. That means I love them deeply.
B. Be kind to yourself along the way.
C. Find ways to enter a new friendship.
D. Small things can kind of accumulate.
E. Losing friends is a regular part of life.
F. But not all of them can stand the test of time.
G. When a close friendship ends, the reasons are complicated.
三、第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 完形填空
As Gonzales was 21． to the martial arts gym where he trained, he saw what looked like a police pursuit. A（n） 22． man of medium build, 23． in a black T-shirt, was running from a police officer. When Gonzales. saw the officer in need of 24． every element of the moral code installed in him through his Brazilian jiu-jitsu （巴西柔术） training told him to 25． a hand.
Gonzales slowed down. So did the man being chased-to avoid 26． Gonzales's minivan. That 27． allowed the officer to catch up and take the suspect to the ground. However, he quickly realized that the officer did not have 28． of the situation. "The officer was straddling （跨坐） him, but the suspect was about to 29． the police officer over. Gonzales jumped out of his vehicle and 30． himself on the man's legs. 31． , his wife, Ortiz, used her phone to record the scene. Finally, the threat was over.
But for Gonzales, the ride was just beginning. Ortiz 32． the video on Facebook, where it attracted over 56 million 33． . Among those awed by the video was Brazilian jiu-jitsu 34． , a fourth-degree black belt, who stated, "The combination of Gonzales's technique and his communication with both the officer and the suspect is 35． !"
21．A． jogging B． walking C． driving D． cycling
22．A． muscular B． ambitious C． humorous D． aggressive
23．A． worn B． absorbed C． dressed D． buried
24．A． assistance B． emergency C． solution D． action
25．A． send B． lend C． shake D． hold
26．A． coming across B． holding up
C． breaking down D． running into
27．A． accusation B． hesitation
C． adaptation D． communication
28．A． consciousness B． knowledge
C． control D． advantage
29．A． tip B． fight C． fall D． hand
30．A． abandoned B． dragged C． pulled D． threw
31．A． However B． Therefore C． Meanwhile D． Instead
32．A． downloaded B． edited C． saw D． posted
33．A． customers B． views C． cheers D． researches
34．A． instructor B． conductor C． operator D． inventor
35．A． heroic B． moving
C． understandable D． legendary
四、第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）阅读下边短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 阅读下边短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
2024 is "The Year of the Dragon" on the Chinese lunar calendar. But 　36． 　 that's the proper translation of the iconic mythical symbol of China or not has aroused 　37． 　（heat）debate.
The Western concept of dragon is not consistent with 　38． 　 of the Chinese dragon. Influenced by Greek mythology, the dragon is often the keeper of treasure. For Europeans, dragon is usually a monster 　39． 　（keep） distances away from people. With four legs and two huge black wings, they can spit fire or even poison gas out of their mouth. Contrary 　40． 　 the evil image of European dragons, Chinese dragons symbolize 　41． 　（strong） and goodluck. In Chinese legends, dragons were appointed head of the four seas, rulers of weather and water. Those born in the year of the Loong are believed 　42． 　（be）interested in the world and willing to give a helping hand.
The differences in perception of the mythical creatures in China and the West 　43． 　（root）in their different cultural values. What is important is that as we enter 　44． 　 new lunar year, people 　45． 　（global）appreciate the cultural values embodied in such Chinese symbols as Loong.
五、第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）
46．（2024高三下·开封模拟） 假如你是李华， 你校外教Peter对中国传统美食很感兴趣， 请你给他写一封电子邮件推荐一种中国传统美食， 内容包括：1. 美食介绍； 2. 推荐理由。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
I'm Li Hua from Class 2.
Yours,
Li Hua
六、第二节：（满分25分）
47．（2024高三下·开封模拟） 阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My daughter and I were fans of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, an educational children's television series that was created and hosted by Fred Rogers, more commonly known as Mister Rogers.
Around my daughter's second birthday, I had a Mister Rogers-inspired idea. Why not invite one key person in my daughter's world to dinner each month The local children's librarian could visit one evening, and perhaps the borough mayor （区长） could drop by a few weeks later.
But I wanted to start at the top. "Let's invite Mister Rogers himself, I said to my wife. "After all, he lives just a few neighborhoods away. I bet he'd come. She looked at me as if I wanted to invite the President. "You really think Mister Rogers would come to our house for dinner Fat chance.
Undeterred （不气馁的）, I sent a letter to Mister Rogers that fall, telling him of my newfound delight in his show and my idea for inviting neighborhood people over to talk about their lives, and asking him and Mrs. Rogers to be our guests.
I told my daughter about the letter. Her eyes glistened （发光）. "Mister Rogers coming Really, Daddy "
One month later, no reply. My daughter hadn't forgotten and periodically asked when Mister Rogers would be visiting. I always told her that he hadn't called yet and that it was a good opportunity to learn about patience. Two months later, no response. At the three-month mark, my wife simply rolled her eyes when I raised the topic. I was beginning to lose optimism. Mister Rogers had let me down.
Sadly, Mister Rogers passed away in late February of the following year. I was unaware of his illness and now understood why our invitation had gone unanswered. Mister Rogers would not be coming to dinner after all. Yet, even after his passing, Mister Rogers gave us a far greater gift than I ever could have imagined.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A week later, I was surprised to find a letter in our mailbox from Mister Rogers.
The letter is a treasured gift and his kind words touched my life and my daughter.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．A
3．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了专为50岁以上的老年人设计的，让老年人活得更长更健康的Goldster网络直播课。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇广告，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段"Are you looking to bridge the gap between lifestyle and health, and start the positive journey of living longer and better "你是否想要弥补生活方式和健康之间的差距，开启活得更长更健康的积极之旅？；以及第二段中的"Classes are science-backed, hosted by industry-leading experts and designed for the over 50s."课程是以科学为基础，有行业领先专家主持，专为50多岁的人设计。可知，这个课程专为想要活得更长更健康的老年人设计的，故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段"With up to 20 live classes daily, there's always something to enjoy, from Pilates and Tai Chi to Resistance Training and Dance-there are even fitness classes suitable for all levels if you fancy something a-little more energetic."每天都20多节现场课程，总有一些值得享受的东西，从普拉提和太极到阻力训练和舞蹈，如果你想要精力充沛的话，甚至还有适合所有级别的健康课程；第四段"Or if you prefer, craft your creativity with Creative Writing, Poetry and Art and sharpen your cognition with Brain Training classes and our highly acclaimed book club."或者，如果你愿意，可以通过创意写作、诗歌和艺术来培养你的创造力，并通过大脑训练课程和我们备受赞誉的读书俱乐部来提高你的认知能力；以及第五段"You can even capture some calm and melt into some-meditation (冥想), mindfulness and self-massage with classes that help to invite a peaceful night's sleep."你甚至可以捕捉一些平静、融入一些冥想、正念和自我按摩课程来促进一整晚平静的睡眠。可知，Goldster的课程有健康课程、睡眠提升课以及写作练习课程，不包含插花课程，故选A。
3．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Are you looking to bridge the gap between lifestyle and health, and start the positive journey of living longer and better "你是想要弥补生活方式和健康之间的差距，开启活得更长更健康的积极之旅？；以及后文对Goldster直播课程的介绍可知，本文主要是为了宣传Goldster这一网络直播课程，因此本文是一则广告，故选B。
【答案】4．B
5．C
6．B
7．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了女性代表不足的STEM领域的领导者Erukhimova走向成功的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Known as ‘Dr. Tatiana', the professor performs physics tricks with boundless energy and enthusiasm in her videos."这位被称为"塔蒂亚娜博士"的教授在她的视频中以无限的能量和热情表演物理技巧。可知，Tatiana的网上视频以充满能量和热情的表演为主，故选B。
5．考查推理判断。根据第三段"However, things aren't always easy. When she first started teaching college freshman classes two decades ago, she also struggled to grab the attention of her students. ‘I did not grab their attention on the first day-that was my mistake.' she says. ‘I missed this opportunity to bond with them from the very beginning, and then it took me a while to find my voice.'"然而，事情并不总是那么容易。当她第一次开始教授大学生时，她也很难吸引学生的注意力。"第一天我没有引起他们的注意，那是我的错"。她说道。"从第一开始我就错过了与他们建立联系的机会，后来我花了一段时间才找到自己的声音。"可知，20年前，在第一节课上，Erukhimova未能吸引到学生的注意力，因此她后面付出了很多才让学生对这门学科感兴趣，因此"第一印象是成败的关键"，故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Physics department head Grigory Rogachev says Erukhimova's work has helped bring visibility to the department, with about 2. 5 million subscribers on its department's YouTube page "物理系主任Grigory Rogachev说道，Erukhimova的工作有助于提高物理系的知名度，该系的YouTube页面上约有250万订阅者。可知，Erukhimova的工作提高了物理系的知名度，让更多人知道了物理系，故选B。
7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"As a leader in a STEM field in which women are underrepresented, she's become a role model for some."作为女性代表不足的STEM领域的领导者，她已经成为了一些人的榜样。可知，她是很多人的榜样，因此作为STEM领域的领导者，她是鼓舞人心的，激励人的，故选A。
【答案】8．D
9．A
10．C
11．C
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；环境保护类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了全球气候变化对葡萄酒产业，特别是香槟酒生产的影响。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"By 2050, about 85% of the lands that we grow good wine grapes on will no longer produce suitable wine grapes."到2050年，我们种植优质酿酒葡萄的土地中，约85%将不再生产合适的酿酒葡萄。可知，这意味着到2050年，大约85%的原本适合种植优质酿酒葡萄的土地将不再能产出适合酿酒的葡萄。因此，气候变化威胁葡萄酒生产的方式是减少了适合酿酒的葡萄的产量。故选D。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"‘Wine is kind of the canary (金丝雀) in the coal mine for climate change impacts on agriculture because so much of the character of wine is tied to the local climate.' said Benjamin Cook, a climate scientist.""就气候变化对农业的影响而言，葡萄酒就像是煤矿里的金丝雀，因为葡萄酒的很多特性都与当地气候有关。"气候科学家 Benjamin Cook说。可知，气候学家将葡萄就像煤矿里的金丝雀，与气候密切相关。可推测，葡萄对于气候的变化很敏感，也就是说葡萄容易受到气候的影响。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"In the Champagne region of France, these changes can alter the distinctive personalities of grapes grown there. ‘If it matures too quickly, the ratio of acidity and sugar might be different.' Cook said."在法国的香槟产区，这些变化可以改变葡萄的独特个性。"如果它成熟得太快，酸度和糖分的比例可能会不同。" Cook说；以及第五段中的"A grape's qualities are dependent on its environment. With a warming planet, it's harder to produce grapes that make champagne taste sweeter and boozier (酒精浓度高的)."葡萄的品质取决于它生长的环境。随着全球变暖，越来越难生产出能让香槟口感更甜、酒精浓度高的葡萄。可知，葡萄的酸度和糖分的比例会影响香槟的味道。故选C。
11．考查标题归纳。根据第一段"The taste of champagne as we know it could change beyond recognition in the coming years. As global temperatures continue to rise, the climate crisis poses a threat to the production of wine."我们所知道的香槟的味道在未来几年可能会变得面目全非。随着全球气温持续上升，气候危机对葡萄酒的生产构成了威胁；以及倒数第二段"The downside for those Swedish winemakers If those champagne grapes aren't grown in the Champagne region of France, you can't call it champagne, which is a protected designation of origin."这些瑞典酿酒师的不利之处是什么？如果这些香槟葡萄不是生长在法国香槟地区，你就不能称它为香槟，这是受保护的原产地名称；结合全文内容可知，文章主要讨论的是气候变化对香槟生产的影响，特别是由于气候变化导致适合种植酿酒葡萄的土地减少，这可能威胁到香槟的生产。"香槟很快就会停止生产香槟吗？"点明了文章讨论的核心问题，即气候变化可能导致香槟产区的葡萄种植受影响，进而影响到香槟的生产。故选C。
【答案】12．A
13．D
14．B
15．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了常见的因果关系谬论主要包括过于简单化和夸大的谬论，并重点介绍了造成过于简单化谬论的原因以及具体的例子。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查段落大意。根据第三段的"One motivation for simplification is the basic advice given to writers"过于简化的一个动机就是给作家的基本建议；以及"Another contributing factor to oversimplification is the overuse of an important tool in critical thinking called Oceam's Razor"另一个导致过于简单话的因素就是过度使用了一种名为Oceam's Razor的批判性思维。可知，本段主要介绍了造成过于简单化的原因，故选A。
13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Another contributing factor to oversimplification is the overuse of an important tool in critical thinking called Oceam's Razor, a principle that states that the simplest explanation that fits the data is the preferable one. "另一个导致过度简单化的因素是过去使用一种名为Oceam's Razor的批判性思维，该原则指出，符合数据的最简单的解释就是最好的解释。可知，基于Oceam's Razor，作家会认为符合数据的最简单的解释就是最好的解释，而最简单的解释不一定就是准确的，因此过度简单化的作家会一味地相信最简单的解释，故选D。
14．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段"This argument exhibits oversimplification because it assumes problems in schools (increasing violence, decreasing academic performance can be attributed to a single cause: the time young people spend playing video games that feature violence). Various other factors, including social and economic conditions that may contribute to a child's mental health, are ignored."这一论点过于简单化，因为它假设学校存在问题（暴力事件的增加、学习成绩的下降可能归因于一个简单的原因：年轻人玩以暴力为特征的电子游戏的时间。）但其他因素，包括可能有助于儿童心理健康的社会和经济条件，都被忽视了。可知，简单化不懂得从各个角度来考虑问题，而是一味地将原因归咎在一件事情上，"最近的货币政策是导致经济下滑的全部原因"就是一个典型的过于简单化的例子，故选B。
15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Related to the fallacy of oversimplification is the fallacy of exaggeration-multiplying a couple of causes into many."与过于简单化的谬论相关的就是将几个原因夸大为多个原因的谬论。可知，文章末尾提到了与过于简单化的谬论相关的夸大谬论，且前文提到了过于简单化的原因并给出了相关的例子，因此接下来也将讲述夸大谬论的原因以及具体例子，故选C。
【答案】16．F；17．E；18．D；19．A；20．B
【知识点】说明文；七选五；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些方法以帮助我们走出失去朋友的痛苦。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读， 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"Some are with us for decades. "有些已经存在了几十年。可知，空前讲述的是有的朋友已经在我们身边多年。F. But not all of them can stand the test of time."但并不是所有的都能经受住时间的考验。"承接上文，指的是有的朋友会陪伴我们很久，有些朋友却不能经受时间的考验。故选F。
17．根据空后"In fact, people, on average, lose about half of their friends every seven years."事实上，人们平均每七年就会失去一半的朋友。可知，人们每七年就会失去一半的朋友。E. Losing friends is a regular part of life."失去朋友是生活中很正常的一部分。"与下文内容保持一致，指的是失去朋友很正常，人们每七年就会失去一半的朋友。故选E。
18．根据空后"And because they're never directly addressed, people get to a point where they want to end the friendship before actually addressing the problem."因为这些问题从来没有被直接解决过，所以人们会在真正解决问题之前就想结束友谊。可知，下文讲述的是因为这些问题没有解决，所以人们想要结束友谊。D. Small things can kind of accumulate."小事情会累积起来。"中的"small things"正是下文提到的"they"，内容上也与下文保持一致。指的是小事慢慢堆积成为问题，问题不被解决使人们想要结束友谊。故选D。
19．根据空前"I lost someone I'm very close to."我失去了一个很亲近的人。可知，失去朋友就是失去了一个很亲近的人。A. That means I love them deeply."那意味着我深深地爱着他们。"是上文内容的自然延续，指的所谓的亲近的人也是我们所深爱的人，失去他们，我们自然感到悲伤。故选A。
20．根据空后"It's important not to blame yourself and be mean to yourself for not getting over the loss of a friendship. Just because this happened like this doesn't mean more friendships will happen like this. Allow yourself to have a fresh perspective when you enter new friendships. You don't want to go into a new connection fearfully."重要的是不要因为没有从失去友谊中走出来而责怪自己，也不要对自己刻薄。仅仅因为这样的事情发生了并不意味着会有更多这样的友谊发生。当你开始一段新的友谊时，让自己有一个新的视角。你不想害怕地进入一段新的关系。可知，本段主要讲述的是不要苛责自己。B. Be kind to yourself along the way."一路走来，要善待自己。"与本段内容相符，指的是善待自己。故选B。
【答案】21．C；22．A；23．C；24．A；25．B；26．D；27．B；28．C；29．A；30．D；31．C；32．D；33．B；34．A；35．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了学巴西柔术的Gonzales帮助警察捉拿嫌疑犯这一事件，视频传到网上，Gonzales的技术得到了柔术四级黑带教练的称赞。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：当Gonzales正开车去他锻炼的武术馆时，他看到了一起类似警察追捕事件。A. jogging"慢走"；B. walking"走路"；C. driving"开车"；D. cycling"骑自行车"。根据下文"Gonzales jumped out of his vehicle"可知，他从车上跳出来，故此处指他正开车去武术馆，故选C。
22．句意：一个中等身材的肌肉男，穿着一件黑色的T恤，从警察局跑出来。A. muscular"满是肌肉的"；B. ambitious"有抱负心的"；C. humorous"幽默的"；D. aggressive"挑衅的"。根据下文"The officer was straddling (跨坐) him, but the suspect was about to 9 the police officer over."可知，警察坐在嫌疑犯身上就差点被推翻了，故可知他是一个有力的肌肉男，故选A。
23．句意：一个中等身材的肌肉男，穿着一件黑色的T恤，从警察局跑出来。A. worn"穿，戴"；B. absorbed"专心于"；C. dressed"穿着"；D. buried"埋头于"。根据空后"in a black T-shirt"可知，此处指他穿着一件黑色的T恤，be dressed in固定短语，"穿着……"，故选C。
24．句意：当Gonzales看到需要帮助的警察时，他在巴西柔术训练中养成的道德准则告诉他要伸出援助之手。A. assistance"帮助"；B. emergency"紧急情况"；C. solution"解决方法"；D. action"行动"。根据空后"every element of the moral code installed in him through his Brazilian jiu-jitsu (巴西柔术) training told him to 5 a hand."可知，训练的道德准则告诉他要伸出援助之手，故可知这时警察需要帮助，故选A。
25．句意：当Gonzales看到需要帮助的警察时，他在巴西柔术训练中养成的道德准则告诉他要伸出援助之手。A. send"发送"；B. lend"借，伸出"；C. shake"摇，握"；D. hold"举着"。根据下文"Gonzales jumped out of his vehicle and 10 himself on the man's legs."可知，Gonzales从车里跳出去，坐在那个人的腿上可知，他决定要去帮忙，lend sb. a hand固定短语，"帮助某人"，故填B。
26．句意：被追捕的男子也是如此，慢了下来——为了避免撞上Gonzales的小货车。A. coming across "偶遇"；B. holding up"举起"；C. breaking down"抛锚，垮掉"；D. running into"撞上"。根据空前"Gonzales slowed down.So did the man being chased-to"可知，被追赶的男子也慢了下来，所以是为了避免撞上Gonzales的小货车，故选D。
27．句意：这一犹豫让警察追了上去，把嫌疑犯按在了地上。A. accusation"控告"；B. hesitation"犹豫"；C. adaptation"适应"；D. communication"交流"。根据上文"So did the man being chased-to avoid 6 Gonzales's minivan."可知，被追捕的男子为了避免撞上Gonzales的小货车，因此慢了下来，故这一犹豫不前让警察逮住机会，追了上去，故选B。
28．句意：然而，他很快意识到警察没有控制住局面。A. consciousness"意识"；B. knowledge"知识"；C. control"控制"；D. advantage"好处"。根据下文"The officer was straddling (跨坐) him, but the suspect was about to 9 the police officer over."可知，警察跨坐在嫌疑犯身上，但嫌疑犯似乎要把警察撞翻，所以很快Gonzales意识到警察没能控制住局面，故选C。
29．句意：然而，他很快意识到警察没有控制住局面。A. tip"使倾斜，打翻"；B. fight"打斗"；C. fall "掉落，摔倒"；D. hand"递，交"。根据空前"The officer was straddling (跨坐) him, but"前后的转折可知，警察坐跨在他身上，但嫌疑犯几乎要把警察翻过来，tip sb. over固定短语"把某人撞翻过来"，故选A。
30．句意：Gonzales跳下车，扑到那人的腿上。A. abandoned"抛弃"；B. dragged"拖，拽"；C. pulled"拉"；D. threw"扔，猛动"。根据空后"himself on the man's legs."可知，就在嫌疑犯将要把警察翻过来时，Gonzales猛扑到那个人的腿上，throw oneself固定短语，"投身于，跳下去，扑向"，故选D。
31．句意：与此同时，他的妻子Ortiz用手机录下了这个场景。A. However"然而"；B. Therefore"因此"；C. Meanwhile"与此同时"；D. Instead"相反"。根据上文"Gonzales jumped out of his vehicle and 10 himself on the man's legs."‘以及空后'"his wife, Ortiz, used her phone to record the scene."可知，空前"他跳出车去帮助警察捉拿嫌疑犯"和空后"他的妻子用手机录下了这一场景"是同时发生的，所以应用副词"与此同时"，故选C。
32．句意：Ortiz将视频上传到Facebook上，吸引了5600多万次观看。A. downloaded"下载"；B. edited"编辑"；C. saw"看到"；D. posted"上传"。根据空后"where it attracted over 56 million 13 ."可知，有5600多万人看这个视频，故此处意为将视频上传到Facebook上，故选D。
33．句意：Ortiz将视频上传到Facebook上，吸引了5600多万次观看。A. customer"顾客"；B. views "观看"；C. cheers"欢呼"；D. researches"研究"。根据下文"Among those awed by the video was Brazilian jiu-jitsu 14 "可知，一位巴西柔术教练都对这个视频感到敬畏，因此是视频有5600多万人观看，故选B。
34．句意：一位巴西柔术四级黑带教练都对这个视频感到敬畏，他说道："Gonzales的技术和与警察以及嫌疑犯的交流的结合是一个传奇。"A. instructor"教练"；B. conductor"指挥"；C. operator "操作者"；D. inventor"发明家"。根据空后"a fourth-degree black belt"可知，他是柔术四级黑带选手，因此他是一个柔术教练，故选A。
35．句意：一位巴西柔术四级黑带教练都对这个视频感到敬畏，他说道："Gonzales的技术和与警察以及嫌疑犯的交流的结合是一个传奇。"A. heroic"英勇的"；B. moving"令人感动的"；C. understandable"可理解的"；D. legendary"传奇的"。根据空前"The combination of Gonzales's technique and his communication with both the officer and the suspect is"可知，教练在视频中看到Gonzales帮助警察捉拿嫌疑犯的视频，对他的柔术技术感到惊叹，所以认为其技术和与警察以及嫌疑犯的交流的结合是一个传奇，故选D。
【答案】36．whether；37．heated；38．that；39．keeping；40．to；41．strength；42．to be；43．are rooted；44．a；45．globally
【知识点】说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国农历2024年作为"龙年"的文化背景，以及中西方对于"龙"这一神话生物的不同理解和感知。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及主语从句，形容词，代词，非谓语动词，介词，名词，时态语态，冠词，副词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：但这是否是中国标志性神话符号的正确翻译引发了激烈的争论。 that's the proper translation of the iconic mythical symbol of China or not 是主语从句，根据句意以及下文的"or not"可推测，空处意为"是否"，用引导词"whether"。故填whether。
37．句意：但这是否是中国标志性神话符号的正确翻译引发了激烈的争论。此处形容词修饰名词debate，作定语，故填heated。
38．句意：西方的龙的概念与中国的龙并不一致。代指上文出现的名词concep"，有后置定语of the Chinese dragon，应用代词that。故填that。
39．句意：对欧洲人来说，龙通常是一种与人保持距离的怪物。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词"a monster"和动词"keep"之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填keeping。
40．句意：与欧洲龙的邪恶形象相反，中国龙象征着力量和好运。（be）contrary to，固定短语，"与……相反"，故填to。
41．句意：与欧洲龙的邪恶形象相反，中国龙象征着力量和好运。此处名词作宾语。故填strength。
42．句意：那些出生在龙年的人被认为对世界充满兴趣，乐于助人。此句是固定句式"主语+be+ believed+to be…，""被认为……"，故填to be。
43．句意：中西方对神话生物认知的差异，根源在于不同的文化价值观。此处是谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为"the differences"，复数，和动词"root"之间为被动关系。所以用被动语态。故填are rooted。
44．句意：重要的是，当我们进入农历新年时，全世界的人都欣赏到"龙"等中国符号所体现的文化价值。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。new首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
45．句意：重要的是，当我们进入农历新年时，全世界的人都欣赏到"龙"等中国符号所体现的文化价值。此处副词作地点状语。故填globally。
46．【答案】Dear Peter,
I'm Li Hua from Class 2. Learning that you have a passion for Chinese traditional food, I'd like to recommend dumplings to you.
Dumplings have gained great popularity among Chinese people. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. Just as an old saying goes, "Nothing tastes better than dumplings." During the Spring Festival and other holidays, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings.
I do hope you can have a taste of dumplings and I'm sure you'll fall in love them.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份写一封电子邮件推荐一种中国传统美食。写作背景： 你校外教Peter对中国传统美食很感兴趣。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 美食介绍； 2. 推荐理由。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： Learning that you have a passion for Chinese traditional food, I'd like to recommend dumplings to you.运用了现在分词作状语，宾语从句，不定式作宾语； Just as an old saying goes, "Nothing tastes better than dumplings." 运用了非限制性定语从句，名言警句；I do hope you can have a taste of dumplings and I'm sure you'll fall in love them.运用了并列句，宾语从句。
47．【答案】A week later, I was surprised to find a letter in our mailbox from Mister Rogers. With my trembling hands, I fingered the letter and read it word for word. He appreciated my daughter's enjoyment of his program and thanked us for our invitation, adding that he was much honored to be our "guest". But he apologized for not responding sooner and not being able to make it to our dinner party then due to his stomach cancer treatment. In a delightful tone he expressed his wish to meet some day. The one-page typed letter was like something from an old friend: personal and caring. | The letter is a treasured gift and his kind words touched my life and my daughter. We could never imagine it was written when he was suffering great pains. Mister Rogers is gone, but his remarkable talents are left behind. Rogers never came for dinner, but his belief in the importance of being good neighbors is passed on. His spirits will never die: caring for people including the unknown, hoping for the future, and most importantly, posing a positive attitude to life whatever happens. When least expected, sometimes the best presents in life come from a special neighbor.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者为了庆祝女儿的两岁生日，临时想到了一个主意：邀请著名的儿童节目主持人罗杰斯先生参加女儿的生日晚宴。经过了漫长的等待，还是未能等到罗杰斯先生的到来，最后作者和家人们才得知，原来是罗杰斯先生去世了。但是让他们意想不到的是，虽然他终究不会来吃晚饭，但是罗杰斯先生还是给了他们一份比作者所能想象的更大的礼物——原来是他亲自写了一封信解释了未能到来的原因，以及用愉快的语气表示希望有一天能见面。亲切的话语感动了作者和家人。通过此事，作者明白了：罗杰斯的精神永不会消亡，他关心包括未知的人，对未来充满希望，最重要的是，无论发生什么，都要向罗杰斯先生一样，对生活都保持积极的态度。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"一周后，我惊奇地在信箱里发现了一封罗杰斯先生的信。"可知，第一段可描写作者收到罗杰斯先生手写信件的激动和惊讶。同时也需要讲述到罗杰斯在信中交代为什么不能来参加作者女儿的生日晚宴的原因，以及表达对作者女儿的祝福。②由第二段首句内容"这封信是一份珍贵的礼物，他亲切的话语感动了我和我的女儿。"可知，第二段可描写作者读到罗杰斯先生的信后深深的感动，并且表达了对罗杰斯先生的崇拜和尊敬，以及感悟。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：He appreciated my daughter's enjoyment of his program and thanked us for our invitation，adding that he was much honored to be our "guest". 运用了现在分词作状语，宾语从句；But he apologized for not responding sooner and not being able to make it to our dinner party then due to his stomach cancer treatment.运用了动名词作介词宾语；We could never imagine it was written when he was suffering great pains.运用了宾语从句，被动语态，时间状语从句； Mister Rogers is gone, but his remarkable talents are left behind.运用了转折并列句； Rogers never came for dinner, but his belief in the importance of being good neighbors is passed on. 运用了转折并列句，被动语态；When least expected, sometimes the best presents in life come from a special neighbor.运用了时间状语从句的省略。
1 / 1河南省开封市2024届高三下学期第二次质量检测英语试卷
一、第二部分阅读理解（共两节， 满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 阅读理解
Are you looking to bridge the gap between lifestyle and health, and start the positive journey of living longer and better
If so, then Goldster can help. Our friendly community embraces the challenges, the triumphs, and the aspirations of ageing, through live online classes for all levels of abilities. Classes are science-backed, hosted by industry-leading experts and designed for the over 50s.
With up to 20 live classes daily, there's always something to enjoy, from Pilates and Tai Chi to Resistance Training and Dance-there are even fitness classes suitable for all levels if you fancy something a-little more energetic.
Or if you prefer, craft your creativity with Creative Writing, Poetry and Art and sharpen your cognition with Brain Training classes and our highly acclaimed book club.
You can even capture some calm and melt into some-meditation （冥想）, mindfulness and self-massage with classes that help to invite a peaceful night's sleep.
Join for free now and receive:
5 free live and 5 free on-demand classes, with full access to daily live classes and recordings
A daily-email with class joining links
The Magazine full of weekly health and wellbeing articles
Exclusive online events
Simply log onto http://promo. goldster.co.uk/rd5 to claim your five free classes or scan the QR code al the bottom of the page.
So why not choose to feel belter Join now and keep active, healthy, and socially connected with Goldsler.
1．Who is an intended reader of this text
A．A young lady who is planning to lose weight.
B．A teenager who is interested in online courses.
C．A man in his late 30s who wants to live a healthy life.
D．An elderly woman who seeks to live longer and better.
2．Which is NOT included in Goldster's classes
A．Flower arrangement. B．Fitness training.
C．Sleep improvement. D．Writing practice.
3．What is the type of this text
A．A health report. B．An advertisement.
C．An announcement. D．An introduction.
【答案】1．D
2．A
3．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了专为50岁以上的老年人设计的，让老年人活得更长更健康的Goldster网络直播课。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇广告，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段"Are you looking to bridge the gap between lifestyle and health, and start the positive journey of living longer and better "你是否想要弥补生活方式和健康之间的差距，开启活得更长更健康的积极之旅？；以及第二段中的"Classes are science-backed, hosted by industry-leading experts and designed for the over 50s."课程是以科学为基础，有行业领先专家主持，专为50多岁的人设计。可知，这个课程专为想要活得更长更健康的老年人设计的，故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段"With up to 20 live classes daily, there's always something to enjoy, from Pilates and Tai Chi to Resistance Training and Dance-there are even fitness classes suitable for all levels if you fancy something a-little more energetic."每天都20多节现场课程，总有一些值得享受的东西，从普拉提和太极到阻力训练和舞蹈，如果你想要精力充沛的话，甚至还有适合所有级别的健康课程；第四段"Or if you prefer, craft your creativity with Creative Writing, Poetry and Art and sharpen your cognition with Brain Training classes and our highly acclaimed book club."或者，如果你愿意，可以通过创意写作、诗歌和艺术来培养你的创造力，并通过大脑训练课程和我们备受赞誉的读书俱乐部来提高你的认知能力；以及第五段"You can even capture some calm and melt into some-meditation (冥想), mindfulness and self-massage with classes that help to invite a peaceful night's sleep."你甚至可以捕捉一些平静、融入一些冥想、正念和自我按摩课程来促进一整晚平静的睡眠。可知，Goldster的课程有健康课程、睡眠提升课以及写作练习课程，不包含插花课程，故选A。
3．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Are you looking to bridge the gap between lifestyle and health, and start the positive journey of living longer and better "你是想要弥补生活方式和健康之间的差距，开启活得更长更健康的积极之旅？；以及后文对Goldster直播课程的介绍可知，本文主要是为了宣传Goldster这一网络直播课程，因此本文是一则广告，故选B。
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 阅读理解
Despite an ever-higher bar to grab the attention of students in large lecture hall, Tatiana Erukhimova, who teaches physics at Texas A&M University, has managed to get her students, as well as future generations, excited about the science,
Known as "Dr. Tatiana". the professor performs physics tricks with boundless energy and enthusiasm in her videos. A range of everyday objects are used in her experiments, from pingpong balls and toilet paper to marshmallows. bicycle wheels and hair dryers. Videos of her dramatic demonstrations have received hundreds of millions of views across social media platforms.
However, things aren't always easy. When she first started teaching college freshman classes two decades ago, she also struggled to grab the attention of her students. "I did not grab their attention on the first day-that was my mistake. "she says. "I missed this opportunity to bond with them from the very beginning, and then it took me a while to find my voice. "
By the second semester, she found her footing, adjusting her approach to get her students engaged. The key, she says, has been to make herself approachable and her instruction personal. And, of course, add showy demonstrations. "These demonstrations often help students to connect these abstract concepts with real life." she says.
Physics department head Grigory Rogachev says Erukhimova's work has helped bring visibility to the department, with about 2.5 million subscribers on its department's YouTube page, which has translated to a boost in research funds and physics major applicants.
As a leader in a STEM field in which women are underrepresented, she's become a role model for some. Afiya Dhanani attended Texas A&M University after seeing Erukhimova's videos online. "Watching Dr. Tatiana do the experiments online, especially since she was a female leader. Was more inspiring for me to even go into physics. " Dhanani said in an interview with CBS Mornings. That's all Erakhimova says she can hope for -making physics less forbidding. and more exciting.
4．What does Erukhimova's online videos feature
A．Rare materials. B．Energetic presentation.
C．Plain demonstration. D．Professional explanation.
5．Which saying explains Erukhimova's initial failure to grab students' attention 20 years ago
A．All that glitters is not gold.
B．Sharp tools make good work.
C．First impressions are make or break.
D．A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
6．How does Erukhimova's work contribute to the physics department
A．It leads more students to change their majors.
B．It makes more people to know about the department.
C．It helps the department translate more research papers.
D．It attracts more physics professors to join the department.
7．Which word best describes Erukhimova as a leader in a STEM field
A．Inspirational. B．Underestimated.
C．Cooperative. D．Ambitious.
【答案】4．B
5．C
6．B
7．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了女性代表不足的STEM领域的领导者Erukhimova走向成功的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Known as ‘Dr. Tatiana', the professor performs physics tricks with boundless energy and enthusiasm in her videos."这位被称为"塔蒂亚娜博士"的教授在她的视频中以无限的能量和热情表演物理技巧。可知，Tatiana的网上视频以充满能量和热情的表演为主，故选B。
5．考查推理判断。根据第三段"However, things aren't always easy. When she first started teaching college freshman classes two decades ago, she also struggled to grab the attention of her students. ‘I did not grab their attention on the first day-that was my mistake.' she says. ‘I missed this opportunity to bond with them from the very beginning, and then it took me a while to find my voice.'"然而，事情并不总是那么容易。当她第一次开始教授大学生时，她也很难吸引学生的注意力。"第一天我没有引起他们的注意，那是我的错"。她说道。"从第一开始我就错过了与他们建立联系的机会，后来我花了一段时间才找到自己的声音。"可知，20年前，在第一节课上，Erukhimova未能吸引到学生的注意力，因此她后面付出了很多才让学生对这门学科感兴趣，因此"第一印象是成败的关键"，故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Physics department head Grigory Rogachev says Erukhimova's work has helped bring visibility to the department, with about 2. 5 million subscribers on its department's YouTube page "物理系主任Grigory Rogachev说道，Erukhimova的工作有助于提高物理系的知名度，该系的YouTube页面上约有250万订阅者。可知，Erukhimova的工作提高了物理系的知名度，让更多人知道了物理系，故选B。
7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"As a leader in a STEM field in which women are underrepresented, she's become a role model for some."作为女性代表不足的STEM领域的领导者，她已经成为了一些人的榜样。可知，她是很多人的榜样，因此作为STEM领域的领导者，她是鼓舞人心的，激励人的，故选A。
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 阅读理解
The taste of champagne as we know it could change beyond recognition in the coming years. As global temperatures continue to rise, the climate crisis poses a threat to the production of wine.
The supply of Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier, among other popular wine-making grapes, are at risk. By 2050, about 85% of the lands that we grow good wine grapes on will no longer produce suitable wine grapes.
Grapes are susceptible to even the most subtle changes in weather. "Wine is kind of the canary （金丝雀） in the coal mine for climate change impacts on agriculture because so much of the character of wine is tied to the local climate. said Benjamin Cook, a climate scientist. He published a paper in 2020 examining the effects of climate change on agriculture and how the diversity of grapes can increase their resilience to such changes.
He adds that scientists are "seeing pretty much all plants, including wine grapevines, start their lifecycle in the growing season earlier, and often finish up earlier. You basically ripen your fruit earlier and typically you harvest earlier. In the Champagne region of France, these changes can alter the distinctive personalities of grapes grown there. "If it matures too quickly, the ratio of acidity and sugar might be different. "Cook said.
A grape's qualities are dependent on its environment. With a warming planet, it's harder to produce grapes that make champagne taste sweeter and boozier （酒精浓度高的）. "For instance, in a chardonnay grape, what you're looking for in a cooler climate is generally an apple taste, whereas in a warmer climate the warmth can change the grapes qualities to be more like a tropical fruit, or even banana-like. "said Spiess.
One of the many ways farmers and winemakers are trying to alleviate the effects of climate change on grape production is site selection. "Places like Belgium and the Netherlands and Sweden, they're experiencing positive effects of climate change as the planet is warming. Spiess said. As different regions in the world experience the effects of climate change differently, they may start to have more ideal climate conditions for wine making.
The downside for those Swedish winemakers If those champagne grapes aren't grown in the Champagne region of France, you can't call it champagne, which is a protected designation of origin.
So how do you say "bubbly" in Swedish
8．How does the climate change threaten the production of wine
A．By increasing the diversity of grapes.
B．By increasing the cost of wine making.
C．By intensify the competition between winemakers.
D．By reducing the production of suitable wine-making grapes.
9．What does the underlined word "susceptible" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Sensitive. B．Resistant. C．Adaptable. D．Tolerant.
10．Which of the following statements is true
A．The lifecycle of wine grapevines is becoming longer.
B．A chardonnay grape may taste like banana in cooler climate.
C．Grapes' ratio of acidity and sugar influences champagne's taste.
D．Wine making in Sweden faces the same challenge as that in France.
11．Which can be the best title of the text
A．Will champagne become sweeter
B．Why is champagne called champagne
C．Could Champagne soon stop producing champagne
D．What impact does climate change have on agriculture
【答案】8．D
9．A
10．C
11．C
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；环境保护类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了全球气候变化对葡萄酒产业，特别是香槟酒生产的影响。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"By 2050, about 85% of the lands that we grow good wine grapes on will no longer produce suitable wine grapes."到2050年，我们种植优质酿酒葡萄的土地中，约85%将不再生产合适的酿酒葡萄。可知，这意味着到2050年，大约85%的原本适合种植优质酿酒葡萄的土地将不再能产出适合酿酒的葡萄。因此，气候变化威胁葡萄酒生产的方式是减少了适合酿酒的葡萄的产量。故选D。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"‘Wine is kind of the canary (金丝雀) in the coal mine for climate change impacts on agriculture because so much of the character of wine is tied to the local climate.' said Benjamin Cook, a climate scientist.""就气候变化对农业的影响而言，葡萄酒就像是煤矿里的金丝雀，因为葡萄酒的很多特性都与当地气候有关。"气候科学家 Benjamin Cook说。可知，气候学家将葡萄就像煤矿里的金丝雀，与气候密切相关。可推测，葡萄对于气候的变化很敏感，也就是说葡萄容易受到气候的影响。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"In the Champagne region of France, these changes can alter the distinctive personalities of grapes grown there. ‘If it matures too quickly, the ratio of acidity and sugar might be different.' Cook said."在法国的香槟产区，这些变化可以改变葡萄的独特个性。"如果它成熟得太快，酸度和糖分的比例可能会不同。" Cook说；以及第五段中的"A grape's qualities are dependent on its environment. With a warming planet, it's harder to produce grapes that make champagne taste sweeter and boozier (酒精浓度高的)."葡萄的品质取决于它生长的环境。随着全球变暖，越来越难生产出能让香槟口感更甜、酒精浓度高的葡萄。可知，葡萄的酸度和糖分的比例会影响香槟的味道。故选C。
11．考查标题归纳。根据第一段"The taste of champagne as we know it could change beyond recognition in the coming years. As global temperatures continue to rise, the climate crisis poses a threat to the production of wine."我们所知道的香槟的味道在未来几年可能会变得面目全非。随着全球气温持续上升，气候危机对葡萄酒的生产构成了威胁；以及倒数第二段"The downside for those Swedish winemakers If those champagne grapes aren't grown in the Champagne region of France, you can't call it champagne, which is a protected designation of origin."这些瑞典酿酒师的不利之处是什么？如果这些香槟葡萄不是生长在法国香槟地区，你就不能称它为香槟，这是受保护的原产地名称；结合全文内容可知，文章主要讨论的是气候变化对香槟生产的影响，特别是由于气候变化导致适合种植酿酒葡萄的土地减少，这可能威胁到香槟的生产。"香槟很快就会停止生产香槟吗？"点明了文章讨论的核心问题，即气候变化可能导致香槟产区的葡萄种植受影响，进而影响到香槟的生产。故选C。
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 阅读理解
A fallacy is an error in reasoning based on opinion, misunderstanding, or intentional misdirection that makes an argument mon causation（因果关系）fallacies include those of oversimplification and exaggeration, which occur when actual 'causes of an event are reduced to the point where connections between causes and effects are blurred or buried.
Oversimplification is common, which means reducing multiple causes to just one or a few. Well-intentioned writers and speakers can fall into the trap of oversimplification if not careful.
One motivation for simplification is the basic advice given to writers: Don't get stuck in details. In the process, however, a writer can leave out too many details, even critical information. Another contributing factor to oversimplification is the overuse of an important tool in critical thinking called Oceam's Razor, a principle that states that the simplest explanation that fits the data is the preferable one. The problem is that the simplest explanation might not always be the right-one.
A writer creating an argument can assume that based on Occam's Razor, the simplest explanation is likely true, but they must not assume that is always the case. They must look at all angles and complexities of an issue before settling on the simplest explanation.
Here is an example of oversimplification:
School violence has gone up and academic performance has gone down since video games featuring violence were introduced. Therefore, video games with violence should be banned, resulting in school improvement.
This argument exhibits oversimplification because it assumes problems in schools （increasing violence, decreasing academic performance can be attributed to a single cause: the time young people spend playing video games that feature violence. Various other factors, including social and economic conditions that may contribute to a child's mental health, are ignored.
Related to the fallacy of oversimplification is the fallacy of exaggeration-multiplying a couple of causes into many.
12．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A．The causes of oversimplification.
B．The impact of oversimplification.
C．The definition of oversimplification.
D．The characteristics of oversimplification.
13．How do writers commit oversimplification when creating an argument based on Occam's-Razor
A．They consider an issue to be complicated.
B．They look at an issue from different angles.
C．They believe the simplest explanation is likely true.
D．They have absolute trust in the simplest explanation.
14．Which of the following statements is an example of oversimplification
A．The nation's lack of moral standards is caused by multiple factors.
B．The latest currency policy takes full blame for the declining economy.
C．She was saved because of the seal belt as well as doctors' timely saving.
D．The problem of education not just lies in teachers' failure of doing their jobs.
15．What might the author discuss in the paragraphs that follow
A．Ways to avoid oversimplification.
B．More examples of oversimplification.
C．Causes and examples of exaggeration.
D．The distinction between exaggeration and oversimplification.
【答案】12．A
13．D
14．B
15．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了常见的因果关系谬论主要包括过于简单化和夸大的谬论，并重点介绍了造成过于简单化谬论的原因以及具体的例子。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查段落大意。根据第三段的"One motivation for simplification is the basic advice given to writers"过于简化的一个动机就是给作家的基本建议；以及"Another contributing factor to oversimplification is the overuse of an important tool in critical thinking called Oceam's Razor"另一个导致过于简单话的因素就是过度使用了一种名为Oceam's Razor的批判性思维。可知，本段主要介绍了造成过于简单化的原因，故选A。
13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Another contributing factor to oversimplification is the overuse of an important tool in critical thinking called Oceam's Razor, a principle that states that the simplest explanation that fits the data is the preferable one. "另一个导致过度简单化的因素是过去使用一种名为Oceam's Razor的批判性思维，该原则指出，符合数据的最简单的解释就是最好的解释。可知，基于Oceam's Razor，作家会认为符合数据的最简单的解释就是最好的解释，而最简单的解释不一定就是准确的，因此过度简单化的作家会一味地相信最简单的解释，故选D。
14．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段"This argument exhibits oversimplification because it assumes problems in schools (increasing violence, decreasing academic performance can be attributed to a single cause: the time young people spend playing video games that feature violence). Various other factors, including social and economic conditions that may contribute to a child's mental health, are ignored."这一论点过于简单化，因为它假设学校存在问题（暴力事件的增加、学习成绩的下降可能归因于一个简单的原因：年轻人玩以暴力为特征的电子游戏的时间。）但其他因素，包括可能有助于儿童心理健康的社会和经济条件，都被忽视了。可知，简单化不懂得从各个角度来考虑问题，而是一味地将原因归咎在一件事情上，"最近的货币政策是导致经济下滑的全部原因"就是一个典型的过于简单化的例子，故选B。
15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Related to the fallacy of oversimplification is the fallacy of exaggeration-multiplying a couple of causes into many."与过于简单化的谬论相关的就是将几个原因夸大为多个原因的谬论。可知，文章末尾提到了与过于简单化的谬论相关的夸大谬论，且前文提到了过于简单化的原因并给出了相关的例子，因此接下来也将讲述夸大谬论的原因以及具体例子，故选C。
二、第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Friends are incredibly important people in our lives. Some are with us for decades. 　16． 　 Here are some tips to remember if you're processing the loss of a friend.
Sometimes things just don't work out.
　17． 　 In fact, people, on average, lose about half of their friends every seven years. One of the most common reasons those relationships end is that they just fell through the cracks. Things didn't work out. Nobody really wanted the friendship to end, but people got busy and didn't intentionally maintain the friendship.
Make the unsaid said.
Sometimes, in friendship, people don't make the unsaid said. 　18． 　 And because they're never directly addressed, people get to a point where they want to end the friendship before actually addressing the problem. Actually, if they had intervened sooner, they might have been able to save the friendship.
It's normal to feel grief.
When a friendship ends, there is a grieving process. Allow yourself to feel those emotions and be patient. Instead of pushing yourself to cheer up, try thinking like this, "Of course I'm upset. This is a natural part of intimacy （亲密关系） and loss. I lost someone I'm very close to. 　19． 　
　20． 　
It's important not to blame yourself and be mean to yourself for not getting over the loss of a friendship. Just because this happened like this doesn't mean more friendships will happen like this. Allow yourself to have a fresh perspective when you enter new friendships. You don't want to go into a new connection fearfully.
A. That means I love them deeply.
B. Be kind to yourself along the way.
C. Find ways to enter a new friendship.
D. Small things can kind of accumulate.
E. Losing friends is a regular part of life.
F. But not all of them can stand the test of time.
G. When a close friendship ends, the reasons are complicated.
【答案】16．F；17．E；18．D；19．A；20．B
【知识点】说明文；七选五；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些方法以帮助我们走出失去朋友的痛苦。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读， 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"Some are with us for decades. "有些已经存在了几十年。可知，空前讲述的是有的朋友已经在我们身边多年。F. But not all of them can stand the test of time."但并不是所有的都能经受住时间的考验。"承接上文，指的是有的朋友会陪伴我们很久，有些朋友却不能经受时间的考验。故选F。
17．根据空后"In fact, people, on average, lose about half of their friends every seven years."事实上，人们平均每七年就会失去一半的朋友。可知，人们每七年就会失去一半的朋友。E. Losing friends is a regular part of life."失去朋友是生活中很正常的一部分。"与下文内容保持一致，指的是失去朋友很正常，人们每七年就会失去一半的朋友。故选E。
18．根据空后"And because they're never directly addressed, people get to a point where they want to end the friendship before actually addressing the problem."因为这些问题从来没有被直接解决过，所以人们会在真正解决问题之前就想结束友谊。可知，下文讲述的是因为这些问题没有解决，所以人们想要结束友谊。D. Small things can kind of accumulate."小事情会累积起来。"中的"small things"正是下文提到的"they"，内容上也与下文保持一致。指的是小事慢慢堆积成为问题，问题不被解决使人们想要结束友谊。故选D。
19．根据空前"I lost someone I'm very close to."我失去了一个很亲近的人。可知，失去朋友就是失去了一个很亲近的人。A. That means I love them deeply."那意味着我深深地爱着他们。"是上文内容的自然延续，指的所谓的亲近的人也是我们所深爱的人，失去他们，我们自然感到悲伤。故选A。
20．根据空后"It's important not to blame yourself and be mean to yourself for not getting over the loss of a friendship. Just because this happened like this doesn't mean more friendships will happen like this. Allow yourself to have a fresh perspective when you enter new friendships. You don't want to go into a new connection fearfully."重要的是不要因为没有从失去友谊中走出来而责怪自己，也不要对自己刻薄。仅仅因为这样的事情发生了并不意味着会有更多这样的友谊发生。当你开始一段新的友谊时，让自己有一个新的视角。你不想害怕地进入一段新的关系。可知，本段主要讲述的是不要苛责自己。B. Be kind to yourself along the way."一路走来，要善待自己。"与本段内容相符，指的是善待自己。故选B。
三、第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 完形填空
As Gonzales was 21． to the martial arts gym where he trained, he saw what looked like a police pursuit. A（n） 22． man of medium build, 23． in a black T-shirt, was running from a police officer. When Gonzales. saw the officer in need of 24． every element of the moral code installed in him through his Brazilian jiu-jitsu （巴西柔术） training told him to 25． a hand.
Gonzales slowed down. So did the man being chased-to avoid 26． Gonzales's minivan. That 27． allowed the officer to catch up and take the suspect to the ground. However, he quickly realized that the officer did not have 28． of the situation. "The officer was straddling （跨坐） him, but the suspect was about to 29． the police officer over. Gonzales jumped out of his vehicle and 30． himself on the man's legs. 31． , his wife, Ortiz, used her phone to record the scene. Finally, the threat was over.
But for Gonzales, the ride was just beginning. Ortiz 32． the video on Facebook, where it attracted over 56 million 33． . Among those awed by the video was Brazilian jiu-jitsu 34． , a fourth-degree black belt, who stated, "The combination of Gonzales's technique and his communication with both the officer and the suspect is 35． !"
21．A． jogging B． walking C． driving D． cycling
22．A． muscular B． ambitious C． humorous D． aggressive
23．A． worn B． absorbed C． dressed D． buried
24．A． assistance B． emergency C． solution D． action
25．A． send B． lend C． shake D． hold
26．A． coming across B． holding up
C． breaking down D． running into
27．A． accusation B． hesitation
C． adaptation D． communication
28．A． consciousness B． knowledge
C． control D． advantage
29．A． tip B． fight C． fall D． hand
30．A． abandoned B． dragged C． pulled D． threw
31．A． However B． Therefore C． Meanwhile D． Instead
32．A． downloaded B． edited C． saw D． posted
33．A． customers B． views C． cheers D． researches
34．A． instructor B． conductor C． operator D． inventor
35．A． heroic B． moving
C． understandable D． legendary
【答案】21．C；22．A；23．C；24．A；25．B；26．D；27．B；28．C；29．A；30．D；31．C；32．D；33．B；34．A；35．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了学巴西柔术的Gonzales帮助警察捉拿嫌疑犯这一事件，视频传到网上，Gonzales的技术得到了柔术四级黑带教练的称赞。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：当Gonzales正开车去他锻炼的武术馆时，他看到了一起类似警察追捕事件。A. jogging"慢走"；B. walking"走路"；C. driving"开车"；D. cycling"骑自行车"。根据下文"Gonzales jumped out of his vehicle"可知，他从车上跳出来，故此处指他正开车去武术馆，故选C。
22．句意：一个中等身材的肌肉男，穿着一件黑色的T恤，从警察局跑出来。A. muscular"满是肌肉的"；B. ambitious"有抱负心的"；C. humorous"幽默的"；D. aggressive"挑衅的"。根据下文"The officer was straddling (跨坐) him, but the suspect was about to 9 the police officer over."可知，警察坐在嫌疑犯身上就差点被推翻了，故可知他是一个有力的肌肉男，故选A。
23．句意：一个中等身材的肌肉男，穿着一件黑色的T恤，从警察局跑出来。A. worn"穿，戴"；B. absorbed"专心于"；C. dressed"穿着"；D. buried"埋头于"。根据空后"in a black T-shirt"可知，此处指他穿着一件黑色的T恤，be dressed in固定短语，"穿着……"，故选C。
24．句意：当Gonzales看到需要帮助的警察时，他在巴西柔术训练中养成的道德准则告诉他要伸出援助之手。A. assistance"帮助"；B. emergency"紧急情况"；C. solution"解决方法"；D. action"行动"。根据空后"every element of the moral code installed in him through his Brazilian jiu-jitsu (巴西柔术) training told him to 5 a hand."可知，训练的道德准则告诉他要伸出援助之手，故可知这时警察需要帮助，故选A。
25．句意：当Gonzales看到需要帮助的警察时，他在巴西柔术训练中养成的道德准则告诉他要伸出援助之手。A. send"发送"；B. lend"借，伸出"；C. shake"摇，握"；D. hold"举着"。根据下文"Gonzales jumped out of his vehicle and 10 himself on the man's legs."可知，Gonzales从车里跳出去，坐在那个人的腿上可知，他决定要去帮忙，lend sb. a hand固定短语，"帮助某人"，故填B。
26．句意：被追捕的男子也是如此，慢了下来——为了避免撞上Gonzales的小货车。A. coming across "偶遇"；B. holding up"举起"；C. breaking down"抛锚，垮掉"；D. running into"撞上"。根据空前"Gonzales slowed down.So did the man being chased-to"可知，被追赶的男子也慢了下来，所以是为了避免撞上Gonzales的小货车，故选D。
27．句意：这一犹豫让警察追了上去，把嫌疑犯按在了地上。A. accusation"控告"；B. hesitation"犹豫"；C. adaptation"适应"；D. communication"交流"。根据上文"So did the man being chased-to avoid 6 Gonzales's minivan."可知，被追捕的男子为了避免撞上Gonzales的小货车，因此慢了下来，故这一犹豫不前让警察逮住机会，追了上去，故选B。
28．句意：然而，他很快意识到警察没有控制住局面。A. consciousness"意识"；B. knowledge"知识"；C. control"控制"；D. advantage"好处"。根据下文"The officer was straddling (跨坐) him, but the suspect was about to 9 the police officer over."可知，警察跨坐在嫌疑犯身上，但嫌疑犯似乎要把警察撞翻，所以很快Gonzales意识到警察没能控制住局面，故选C。
29．句意：然而，他很快意识到警察没有控制住局面。A. tip"使倾斜，打翻"；B. fight"打斗"；C. fall "掉落，摔倒"；D. hand"递，交"。根据空前"The officer was straddling (跨坐) him, but"前后的转折可知，警察坐跨在他身上，但嫌疑犯几乎要把警察翻过来，tip sb. over固定短语"把某人撞翻过来"，故选A。
30．句意：Gonzales跳下车，扑到那人的腿上。A. abandoned"抛弃"；B. dragged"拖，拽"；C. pulled"拉"；D. threw"扔，猛动"。根据空后"himself on the man's legs."可知，就在嫌疑犯将要把警察翻过来时，Gonzales猛扑到那个人的腿上，throw oneself固定短语，"投身于，跳下去，扑向"，故选D。
31．句意：与此同时，他的妻子Ortiz用手机录下了这个场景。A. However"然而"；B. Therefore"因此"；C. Meanwhile"与此同时"；D. Instead"相反"。根据上文"Gonzales jumped out of his vehicle and 10 himself on the man's legs."‘以及空后'"his wife, Ortiz, used her phone to record the scene."可知，空前"他跳出车去帮助警察捉拿嫌疑犯"和空后"他的妻子用手机录下了这一场景"是同时发生的，所以应用副词"与此同时"，故选C。
32．句意：Ortiz将视频上传到Facebook上，吸引了5600多万次观看。A. downloaded"下载"；B. edited"编辑"；C. saw"看到"；D. posted"上传"。根据空后"where it attracted over 56 million 13 ."可知，有5600多万人看这个视频，故此处意为将视频上传到Facebook上，故选D。
33．句意：Ortiz将视频上传到Facebook上，吸引了5600多万次观看。A. customer"顾客"；B. views "观看"；C. cheers"欢呼"；D. researches"研究"。根据下文"Among those awed by the video was Brazilian jiu-jitsu 14 "可知，一位巴西柔术教练都对这个视频感到敬畏，因此是视频有5600多万人观看，故选B。
34．句意：一位巴西柔术四级黑带教练都对这个视频感到敬畏，他说道："Gonzales的技术和与警察以及嫌疑犯的交流的结合是一个传奇。"A. instructor"教练"；B. conductor"指挥"；C. operator "操作者"；D. inventor"发明家"。根据空后"a fourth-degree black belt"可知，他是柔术四级黑带选手，因此他是一个柔术教练，故选A。
35．句意：一位巴西柔术四级黑带教练都对这个视频感到敬畏，他说道："Gonzales的技术和与警察以及嫌疑犯的交流的结合是一个传奇。"A. heroic"英勇的"；B. moving"令人感动的"；C. understandable"可理解的"；D. legendary"传奇的"。根据空前"The combination of Gonzales's technique and his communication with both the officer and the suspect is"可知，教练在视频中看到Gonzales帮助警察捉拿嫌疑犯的视频，对他的柔术技术感到惊叹，所以认为其技术和与警察以及嫌疑犯的交流的结合是一个传奇，故选D。
四、第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）阅读下边短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
（2024高三下·开封模拟） 阅读下边短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
2024 is "The Year of the Dragon" on the Chinese lunar calendar. But 　36． 　 that's the proper translation of the iconic mythical symbol of China or not has aroused 　37． 　（heat）debate.
The Western concept of dragon is not consistent with 　38． 　 of the Chinese dragon. Influenced by Greek mythology, the dragon is often the keeper of treasure. For Europeans, dragon is usually a monster 　39． 　（keep） distances away from people. With four legs and two huge black wings, they can spit fire or even poison gas out of their mouth. Contrary 　40． 　 the evil image of European dragons, Chinese dragons symbolize 　41． 　（strong） and goodluck. In Chinese legends, dragons were appointed head of the four seas, rulers of weather and water. Those born in the year of the Loong are believed 　42． 　（be）interested in the world and willing to give a helping hand.
The differences in perception of the mythical creatures in China and the West 　43． 　（root）in their different cultural values. What is important is that as we enter 　44． 　 new lunar year, people 　45． 　（global）appreciate the cultural values embodied in such Chinese symbols as Loong.
【答案】36．whether；37．heated；38．that；39．keeping；40．to；41．strength；42．to be；43．are rooted；44．a；45．globally
【知识点】说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国农历2024年作为"龙年"的文化背景，以及中西方对于"龙"这一神话生物的不同理解和感知。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及主语从句，形容词，代词，非谓语动词，介词，名词，时态语态，冠词，副词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：但这是否是中国标志性神话符号的正确翻译引发了激烈的争论。 that's the proper translation of the iconic mythical symbol of China or not 是主语从句，根据句意以及下文的"or not"可推测，空处意为"是否"，用引导词"whether"。故填whether。
37．句意：但这是否是中国标志性神话符号的正确翻译引发了激烈的争论。此处形容词修饰名词debate，作定语，故填heated。
38．句意：西方的龙的概念与中国的龙并不一致。代指上文出现的名词concep"，有后置定语of the Chinese dragon，应用代词that。故填that。
39．句意：对欧洲人来说，龙通常是一种与人保持距离的怪物。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词"a monster"和动词"keep"之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填keeping。
40．句意：与欧洲龙的邪恶形象相反，中国龙象征着力量和好运。（be）contrary to，固定短语，"与……相反"，故填to。
41．句意：与欧洲龙的邪恶形象相反，中国龙象征着力量和好运。此处名词作宾语。故填strength。
42．句意：那些出生在龙年的人被认为对世界充满兴趣，乐于助人。此句是固定句式"主语+be+ believed+to be…，""被认为……"，故填to be。
43．句意：中西方对神话生物认知的差异，根源在于不同的文化价值观。此处是谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为"the differences"，复数，和动词"root"之间为被动关系。所以用被动语态。故填are rooted。
44．句意：重要的是，当我们进入农历新年时，全世界的人都欣赏到"龙"等中国符号所体现的文化价值。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。new首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
45．句意：重要的是，当我们进入农历新年时，全世界的人都欣赏到"龙"等中国符号所体现的文化价值。此处副词作地点状语。故填globally。
五、第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）
46．（2024高三下·开封模拟） 假如你是李华， 你校外教Peter对中国传统美食很感兴趣， 请你给他写一封电子邮件推荐一种中国传统美食， 内容包括：1. 美食介绍； 2. 推荐理由。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
I'm Li Hua from Class 2.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I'm Li Hua from Class 2. Learning that you have a passion for Chinese traditional food, I'd like to recommend dumplings to you.
Dumplings have gained great popularity among Chinese people. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. Just as an old saying goes, "Nothing tastes better than dumplings." During the Spring Festival and other holidays, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings.
I do hope you can have a taste of dumplings and I'm sure you'll fall in love them.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份写一封电子邮件推荐一种中国传统美食。写作背景： 你校外教Peter对中国传统美食很感兴趣。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 美食介绍； 2. 推荐理由。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： Learning that you have a passion for Chinese traditional food, I'd like to recommend dumplings to you.运用了现在分词作状语，宾语从句，不定式作宾语； Just as an old saying goes, "Nothing tastes better than dumplings." 运用了非限制性定语从句，名言警句；I do hope you can have a taste of dumplings and I'm sure you'll fall in love them.运用了并列句，宾语从句。
六、第二节：（满分25分）
47．（2024高三下·开封模拟） 阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My daughter and I were fans of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, an educational children's television series that was created and hosted by Fred Rogers, more commonly known as Mister Rogers.
Around my daughter's second birthday, I had a Mister Rogers-inspired idea. Why not invite one key person in my daughter's world to dinner each month The local children's librarian could visit one evening, and perhaps the borough mayor （区长） could drop by a few weeks later.
But I wanted to start at the top. "Let's invite Mister Rogers himself, I said to my wife. "After all, he lives just a few neighborhoods away. I bet he'd come. She looked at me as if I wanted to invite the President. "You really think Mister Rogers would come to our house for dinner Fat chance.
Undeterred （不气馁的）, I sent a letter to Mister Rogers that fall, telling him of my newfound delight in his show and my idea for inviting neighborhood people over to talk about their lives, and asking him and Mrs. Rogers to be our guests.
I told my daughter about the letter. Her eyes glistened （发光）. "Mister Rogers coming Really, Daddy "
One month later, no reply. My daughter hadn't forgotten and periodically asked when Mister Rogers would be visiting. I always told her that he hadn't called yet and that it was a good opportunity to learn about patience. Two months later, no response. At the three-month mark, my wife simply rolled her eyes when I raised the topic. I was beginning to lose optimism. Mister Rogers had let me down.
Sadly, Mister Rogers passed away in late February of the following year. I was unaware of his illness and now understood why our invitation had gone unanswered. Mister Rogers would not be coming to dinner after all. Yet, even after his passing, Mister Rogers gave us a far greater gift than I ever could have imagined.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A week later, I was surprised to find a letter in our mailbox from Mister Rogers.
The letter is a treasured gift and his kind words touched my life and my daughter.
【答案】A week later, I was surprised to find a letter in our mailbox from Mister Rogers. With my trembling hands, I fingered the letter and read it word for word. He appreciated my daughter's enjoyment of his program and thanked us for our invitation, adding that he was much honored to be our "guest". But he apologized for not responding sooner and not being able to make it to our dinner party then due to his stomach cancer treatment. In a delightful tone he expressed his wish to meet some day. The one-page typed letter was like something from an old friend: personal and caring. | The letter is a treasured gift and his kind words touched my life and my daughter. We could never imagine it was written when he was suffering great pains. Mister Rogers is gone, but his remarkable talents are left behind. Rogers never came for dinner, but his belief in the importance of being good neighbors is passed on. His spirits will never die: caring for people including the unknown, hoping for the future, and most importantly, posing a positive attitude to life whatever happens. When least expected, sometimes the best presents in life come from a special neighbor.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者为了庆祝女儿的两岁生日，临时想到了一个主意：邀请著名的儿童节目主持人罗杰斯先生参加女儿的生日晚宴。经过了漫长的等待，还是未能等到罗杰斯先生的到来，最后作者和家人们才得知，原来是罗杰斯先生去世了。但是让他们意想不到的是，虽然他终究不会来吃晚饭，但是罗杰斯先生还是给了他们一份比作者所能想象的更大的礼物——原来是他亲自写了一封信解释了未能到来的原因，以及用愉快的语气表示希望有一天能见面。亲切的话语感动了作者和家人。通过此事，作者明白了：罗杰斯的精神永不会消亡，他关心包括未知的人，对未来充满希望，最重要的是，无论发生什么，都要向罗杰斯先生一样，对生活都保持积极的态度。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"一周后，我惊奇地在信箱里发现了一封罗杰斯先生的信。"可知，第一段可描写作者收到罗杰斯先生手写信件的激动和惊讶。同时也需要讲述到罗杰斯在信中交代为什么不能来参加作者女儿的生日晚宴的原因，以及表达对作者女儿的祝福。②由第二段首句内容"这封信是一份珍贵的礼物，他亲切的话语感动了我和我的女儿。"可知，第二段可描写作者读到罗杰斯先生的信后深深的感动，并且表达了对罗杰斯先生的崇拜和尊敬，以及感悟。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：He appreciated my daughter's enjoyment of his program and thanked us for our invitation，adding that he was much honored to be our "guest". 运用了现在分词作状语，宾语从句；But he apologized for not responding sooner and not being able to make it to our dinner party then due to his stomach cancer treatment.运用了动名词作介词宾语；We could never imagine it was written when he was suffering great pains.运用了宾语从句，被动语态，时间状语从句； Mister Rogers is gone, but his remarkable talents are left behind.运用了转折并列句； Rogers never came for dinner, but his belief in the importance of being good neighbors is passed on. 运用了转折并列句，被动语态；When least expected, sometimes the best presents in life come from a special neighbor.运用了时间状语从句的省略。
1 / 1

展开更多......

收起↑