2023-2024学年人教版九年级英语全册Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark. 重点单词句型讲解

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2023-2024学年人教版九年级英语全册Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark. 重点单词句型讲解

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unit4 重点单词和句型
1 helpful adj.有用的;有帮助的
【教材原句】helpful 有帮助的
【常见用法】helpful 为形容词,意为“有用的;有帮助
的”,可在句中作表语或者定语。
It was a kind of advice, but it wasn' t very helpful.这是一种建议,但它不是非常有用。(作表语)
Our teacher gave us a lot of helpful books in math.我们老师给了我们许多在数学方面有帮助的书。(作定语)
【背例句·学搭配】
These things are helpful to my life.
这些东西对我的生活是有帮助的。
搭配收藏
be helpful to 对……有益/有帮助
【联想拓展】加-ful变为形容词的其他动词:
care—careful
hope—hopeful
use—useful
wonder —wonderful
2 dare敢于;胆敢
【教材原句】As she got better ,she dared to sing in front of her class. and then for the whole school .随着她变得更好,她敢在全班同学面前唱歌了,然后敢为全校师生唱歌了。
【常见用法】dare用作实义动词时意为“敢于;胆敢”,可以有时态、数等的变化,其后常跟不定式,有时to也可省去(尤其是在否定句或疑问句中),一般不用于进行时。
We must dare to think, speak and act.我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。
Did he dare (to)tell her 他敢告诉她吗?
The boy stood before the teacher, not daring (to look up) .这个男孩站在老师面前,不敢抬头看。
【联想拓展】dare可用作情态动词,其后接动词原形,常用于否定句或疑问句中以及if或whether 引导的从句中。
Dare you tell her the truth 你敢告诉她真相吗?
I don't know whether he dare try.我不知道他是否敢试一试。
I daren't ask her for a rise .我不敢要求她加薪。
3 require .需要;要求
【教材原句】You really require a lot of talent and hard work to succeed .你真的需要很多天赋和辛勤工作来取得成功。
【常见用法】require 是及物动词,意为“需要;要求”,不用于进行时。
●This job requires strength .这份工作需要体力。
【背例句·学搭配】
They required us to help them 他们要求我们帮助他们。
These temples require repairing next month These temples require to be repaired next month 这些庙宇下个月需要修缮。(主动形式表被动含义)
She required that I (should )go at once .她要求我立刻去。
搭配收藏
①require sb .to do sth .要求某人做某事
②sth. require doing =sth. require to be done 某事需要被做
③require +that从句要求……(从句谓语用“should +动词原形”形式,should 可以省略)
【联想拓展】require 的名词形式为requirement ,意为“需要的事物;要求”。
The most important requirement is to speak English well .最重要的要求是英语要讲得好。
4 seldom adv .不常;很少
【教材原句】When he was a little boy ,he seldom caused any problems, and his family spent a lot of time together .当他是个小男孩时,他很少惹麻烦,而且他的家人在一起度过了很多时光。
【常见用法】seldom 一般用来表示频率,放在助动词之后、实义动词之前。可用very修饰seldom ,意为“极少”。
I've seldom seen such a big apple
我很少看到这么大的苹果。(seldom 用于助动词之后)
Jim seldom goes to school by car 吉姆很少乘坐汽车上学。(seldom 用于实义动词之前)
Jane is healthy and she is very seldom il 简很健康,她极少生病。(very修饰seldom )
【联想拓展】①seldom 是表示否定含义的词,在反意疑问句中,附加问句部分应用肯定形式。类似的词还有hardly, rarely scarcely, never 等。
You seldom play soccer, do you 你很少踢足球,是吗?
②频度副词表示的频率大小顺序:
always > usually > often > sometimes seldom hardly ever > never
[江苏南京中考]—Would you like some green tea
—No, thanks .I drink green tea. It hurts my stomach
A. almost
B. seldom
C. only
D. still
【解析】句意为:——你想要一些绿茶吗?不用了,谢谢。我 喝绿茶。它伤我的胃。由“No,thanks .”以及“It huts my stomach .”可知应用seldom 。
【答案】B
5 influence v .&n.影响
【教材原句】Li Wen 's unhappiness began to influence his schoolwork .李文(音译)的不开心开始影响他的学业。
【常见用法】influence 既可作名词,也可作动词,意为“影响”,指对行动、思想、性格等产生的不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响。
His influence was so big that it influenced her to choose future jobs .他的影响力如此大,以至于影响了她选择未来的工作。
【背例句·学搭配】
My father influenced me to accept the job 在父亲的影响下,我接受了这份工作。
Young people are quickly influenced by new ideas 年轻人很快受到新思想的影响。
Heat has a powerful influence on vegetation 热量对植物有很大的影响。
搭配收藏
①influence sb .to do sth .影响某人做某事
②be influenced by .…受……影响
③have an influence on sb ./sth.对某人/某事有影响
6 absent adj.缺席;不在
【教材原句】Sometimes he was absent from classes and failed his examinations .有时他旷课,并且考试不及格。
【常见用法】absent 为形容词,意为“缺席;不在”。
We drank a toast to absent friends
我们为没能来的朋友举杯祝福。
【背例句·学搭配】
Why was Bill absent from school
为什么比尔没有到校?
搭配收藏
be absent from 缺席
7 fail.不及格;失败;未能(做到)
【教材原句】Sometimes he was absent from classes and failed his examinations .有时他旷课,并且考试不及格。
【常见用法】fail既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,意为“不及格;失败;未能(做到)”。
He failed in business
他经商失败。(fail作不及物动词)
He failed his driving test.
他驾驶考试没及格。(fail作及物动词)
【背例句·学搭配】
He failed to pass the exam .他没能通过考试。
搭配收藏
fail to do sth .未能做到某事
8 proud adj .自豪的;骄傲的
【教材原句】I know my parents love me and they're always proud of me …我知道我的父母爱我,他们总是以我为骄傲……
【常见用法】proud 作形容词,意为“自豪的;骄傲的”。He is proud that he has such a great mother who is working as a doctor .他为自己有一个当医生的如此伟大的母亲而自豪。
【背例句·学搭配】
We are proud of our Chinese women's volleyball team.我们为中国女排队骄傲。
They are proud to accept the task
他们为接受这个任务感到自豪。
搭配收藏
①be proud of 为……骄傲;为……感到自豪
②be proud to do sth .为做某事感到自豪
【联想拓展】proud 的名词形式为pride ,意为“自豪;骄傲”。常见短语take pride in 意为“为……感到自豪”。
We take pride in the great achievements of our socialist construction .我们为社会主义建设的伟大成就而感到自豪。
[山西中考]No matter what problems we meet, we should try to solve them, and even though we fail, teachers and parents us.
A. are strict with
B. are worried about
C. are proud of
【解析】句意为:不管我们遇到什么问题,我们应该努力解决它们,并且即使我们失败了,老师们和父母都会为我们感到骄傲。be strict with 意为“对……严格要求”;be worried about 意为“为……担忧”;be proud of 意为“为……骄傲”。根据语境可知选C项。
【答案】C
9 deal with 应对;处理
【教材原句】…and took up singing to deal with her shyness .……并且开始通过唱歌来应对她的害羞问题。
【常见用法】deal with 意为“应对;处理”,多指为解决问题而采取必要的措施,其宾语可以是人,也可以是事/物。其同义短语为do with 。
The teacher can always think of strategies to deal with his disruptive pupils .这个老师总是能想出对付捣蛋学生的策略。
The government is trying to deal with the problem of homelessness in this district .政府正努力解决该地区无家可归者的问题。
【易混辨析】deal with 与do with 的用法区别
I don't know how they deal with the problem. I don't know what they do with the problem. 不知道他们如何处理这个问题。
They found a way to do with the illness 他们找到了一个应对这种疾病的办法。
They found a new way to deal with waste water .他们发现了一个处理废水的新方法。
句式
一、since 引导的时间状语从句
【教材原句】It's been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates .自从我们上一次见到小学同学,已经三年了。
【句式结构】since 意为“自从……以来”,其引导的时
间状语从句的结构如下:
①since +过去的时间点(具体的年、月、日期、时刻,
如1980,last month ,half past six )
have been here since 1989
自1989年起,我就在这儿了。
②since +一段时间+ago
I have been here since five months ago
我在这儿已经有五个月了。
③since +从句(从句用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时)
Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后发生了很大的变化。
④it is/has been +一段时间+since 从句(从句用过去的时态)
It is/ has been two years since became a postgraduate .我成为研究生已经有两年了。
[山西中考]Our teachers have been with us for nearly three years we came to junior high school. We should thank them for what they have done for us
A. until
B. before
C. since
【解析】句意为:自从我们上初中以来,我们的老师已
经和我们在一起将近三年了。我们应该感谢他们为我们所做的事。until 意为“直到……为止”;before 意为“在……之前”;since 意为“自从……以来”。分析语境及句子结构可知,此处是since 引导的时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
【答案】C
二、反意疑问句
【教材原句】You used to be short ,didn't you
你过去个子矮,不是吗?
【句式结构】反意疑问句也叫附加疑问句,指的是在陈述句后面附加一个简短的一般疑问句,用于对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问或表示证实。陈述句部分与附加问句部分的动词时态和动词性质(助动词、情态动词和be动词)应保持一致,但是肯定和否定形式却彼此相反,即陈述句部分为肯定形式时,附加问句部分用否定形式;陈述句部分为否定形式时,附加问句部分用肯定形式。
(1)反意疑问句的缩写问题
当反意疑问句的附加问句部分为否定形式时,习惯上只用缩写形式。
o You are interested in English, aren’t you 你对英语感兴趣,不是吗?
(2)反意疑问句的主语
附加问句部分的主语应与陈述句部分的主语保持一致,且只能是代词,不能是名词。
Jim likes pop music, doesn’t he
吉姆喜欢流行音乐,不是吗?
(3)反意疑问句用于there be 句型
当陈述句部分为there be 句型时,附加问句部分仍用there be 句型。
There is a garden at the back of the house, isn’t there ?房子的后面有一座花园,不是吗?
(4)反意疑问句的回答
①回答反意疑问句时,若答语是肯定的,用“Yes,+肯定结构”来回答;若答语是否定的,则用“No,+否定结构”来回答。
·—He likes to sing songs ,doesn't he
他喜欢唱歌,不是吗?
Yes. he does. / No. he doesn’t.
是的,他喜欢。/不,他不喜欢。
②回答陈述句部分为否定句的反意疑问句时,yes或
no的汉语意思与其本身的词义相反。
·—You didn 't go to school ,did you
你没有去上学,是吗?
Yes. did. / No. didn’t.
不是,我去了。/是的,我没有去。
【口诀巧记忆】
反意疑问并不难,陈述疑问句中含。
前后肯否恰相反,否定词缀不能算。
主谓时态要一致,特殊情况记心田。
实际情况来回答,再把yes和no练。
典例- Summy ate nothing for breakfast this morning ,
-No because she had a stomachache.
A. isn‘t she
B. was she
C. didn't she
D. did she
【解析】反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”的规则,从本句陈述句部分的nothing 可知,陈述句部分为否定句,附加问句部分应用肯定句,排除A项和C项;从陈述句部分的谓语动词ate可知,附加问句部分应借助助动词did,排除B项。故选D项。
【答案】D

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