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XB 4 Unit 2 Iconic attractions
Learning objectives:
By the end of the class, you will be able to:
master the usage of past participle
understand the difference between past participles and present participles
apply past participles to continuation writing
Lead in:
Watch a video and answer the question.
How to change the verb into the past participle
详情请阅读前两天发给大家的学习资料
What is the past participle
(
非谓语
done
过去分词
doing
现在分词
to do
不定式
)
Step 1、 探究与发现
Find out whether each past participle functions as an attribute(定语)，adverbial（状语）, predicative(表语), or object complement(宾补).（1 min）
Located to the south of the equator，below many other countries on the globe， it’s often informally referred to as “down under”. _____________
I’m more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of life. ______________
Most of the musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.
___________________ ________________
A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe.___________
I tried to learned how to play it, but after trying for hours, I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument! _________________
Step 2 the usage of past participle
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语时的意义
过去分词作定语相当于________,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词，与被修饰的名词之间为被动关系或完成。
a polluted river 一条被污染的河流
the watered flowers 浇过水的花
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示_________和__________
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起的太阳
不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示_________，不表示__________
过去分词作定语时的位置
The cured animals will be released soon.
The lady dressed in white is a famous star.
=The lady who is dressed in white is a famous star.
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的_________；
过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的________，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
特殊情况
单个分词作后置定语有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语放在所修饰的名词之后,如left(剩余的), given(所给的), concerned(有关的)等。
Eg: There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.
修饰特殊词的单个分词做后置定语如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等,单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Eg: Is there anything unsolved
名师点津
过去分词作定语和动词-ing形式作定语的区别： （1）语态不同：过去分词表示_______；动词-ing形式表示_______。 The question discussed was very important. 被讨论过的那个问题很重要。 The boy speaking at the meeting is Tom’s brother. 正在会上发言的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。 （2）时间关系上不同：动词-ing形式表示动作___________；过去分词表示动作___________。
Exercises完成三维设计P34页即时演练1
①In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 　 　 （study） had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
②The trees 　 　 （blow） down in the storm have been moved off the road.
③She threw me a quick and 　 　 （frighten） glance at the scary animal.
④Have all the guests 　 　 （serve） with food and drinks？
过去分词作表语
1.过去分词用在__________后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。
She looked disappointed.
她看上去很失望。
We were encouraged at the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态，这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较：
3.感觉类及物动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别：
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰_______(人 / 物)；其过去分词形式含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指___________(人 / 物)等。常用的这类词
如下：
We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
4、Exercises完成三维设计P35页 即时演练2
①Ecotourism is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 　________　 （educate） about the areas.
②In April，thousands of holiday makers remained 　_____　 （stick） due to the earthquake.
③She said that our teacher was 　_____　 （satisfy） with our performances.
④The weather this summer is 　________　 （disappoint）.
⑤You must follow the directions exactly and if you become 　______　 （confuse）， you must take the time to go back again and reread them.
⑥It feels quite 　________　 （relax） to take a bath after work.
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
1.过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语，作宾语补足语的多是及物动词。
2.能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有以下三类：（动+宾+done）
（1）make、 get、 have、 keep等使役动词；
（2）see、 hear、 feel、 find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词；
（3）like、 want、 wish、 order等表示希望、要求、命令等意义的动词。
When will you go to the hospital and have your teeth examined？
你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
She saw the thief caught by policemen.
她看见小偷被警察抓住了。
The manager doesn’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.
经理不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。
“with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
With the key lost， he had to wait outside the door.
由于钥匙丢了，他只好在门外等候。
With his homework done， he started to watch TV.
作业完成后，他开始看电视。
Exercises完成三维设计P36页 即时演练3
①But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 　_______　 （astonish）.
②He tried to make himself 　_________　 （understand） by his students in class.
③He wanted his name 　_______　 （include） in the list.
④Before driving into the city， you are required to 　_________________________　.
在驾车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。
⑤The boy 　 　 while playing football.
这个男孩在踢足球时摔断了腿。
四、过去分词作状语
1.过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且与主语构成被动关系。
Greatly interested， I asked how he played these new works.
因为非常感兴趣，我问他是如何演奏这些新作品的。
Given good health， I hope to finish the work this year.
如果身体好，我希望今年完成这项工作。
The scientist Tu Youyou came in， followed by her assistant.
科学家屠呦呦进来了，后面跟着她的助手。
When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful.
从山顶上看，城市显得更美丽。
Seeing from the top of the hill, I felt a sense of freedom.
从山顶上看，我感到一股自由感
区分：
过去分词作状语，与主语构成_____________关系（主动/被动）
现在分词作状语，与主语构成______________关系（主动/被动）
2.过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。
（1）表示时间，可转换为when、 while或after等引导的时间状语从句。
Accepted by the Party， he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
＝When he was accepted by the Party，he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
（2）表示原因，可转换为as、 since或because等引导的原因状语从句。
Deeply moved by the story， the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
＝Because they were deeply moved by the story， the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地打动了，停止了互相争吵。
（3）表示条件，可转换为if、 once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Heated， water can be turned into water vapour.
＝If it is heated， water can be turned into water vapour.
水如果被加热，就会变成水蒸气。
（4）表示让步，可转换为although、 though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Exhausted by the running， they went on running after the robber.
＝Although they were exhausted by the running，they went on running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶那个劫匪。
（5）表示方式或伴随情况，一般可转换为并列结构。
The old man went into the room， supported by his wife.
＝The old man was supported by his wife and went into the room.
那位老人在妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
3.连词＋过去分词
过去分词作状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在过去分词前加上when、 while、 if、 once、 unless、 although、 as if等连词，相当于省略形式的状语从句。
If merely drawn on your imagination，the report will not be convincing.
假若仅靠你的想象去写，报告是不会有说服力的。
名师点津
有些过去分词因为来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而表示状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有lost （迷路）、 seated （坐）、 hidden （躲）、 stationed （驻扎）、 lost/absorbed in （沉溺于）、 born （出生）、 dressed in （穿着）、 tired of （厌烦）。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought， he didn’t hear the sound. 沉溺于思考之中，他没听到那个声音。 Born in this beautiful town， he hates to leave it. 出生在这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开。
exercises 同义句转换（把下列句子转换为定语从句）
①Given another chance， he will do better.
→　 　 another chance， he will do better.
②Laughed at by many people， he continued his study.
→　 　 by many people， he continued his study.
③Satisfied with what he did， the teacher praised him in class.
→　 　 what he did， she praised him in class.
Step 3 巧用过去分词助力读后续写(5 mins)
(2022新高考卷读后续写)默默地埋着头，我看得出来这个小男孩是多么的沮丧和心碎。（with+宾语+宾补）
1.______________________, I could tell how frustrated and heart-broken this little boy was.
2. (2022新高考卷读后续写)被我的话鼓舞了，大卫看着我，他可爱的脸上挂着大大的笑容。(过去分词做状语)
2._____________________, David looked at me with his big toothy smile on his lovely face.
3. (2022新高考卷读后续写)看到这个沮丧的男孩，我感到心碎，决定改变现状。
3. (2022新高考卷读后续写)_________________________, I felt my heart was broken and decided to change the situation. (现在分词短语作状语)
4. (2022新高考卷读后续写)看到他非常痛苦，我们几乎感觉到自己的血液凝固了。但他站了起来，继续往前跑。（feel+宾+宾补）
4.Seeing him in great pain, we almost_____________________. But he rose to his feet and raced on.
5. (2021新高考卷读后续写)爸爸很吃惊，愣在地上，皱着眉头注视着现场。
5.______________, Father was rooted on the floor, staring at the scene with eyebrow frowning. （单个过去分词作状语表情绪）
6. (2021新高考卷读后续写)母亲沉浸在美味的早餐和来自儿女纯洁的爱中，啜泣着，开心的泪水从她脸上流了下来。（过去分词短语作状语）
6. _____________________________and pure love from her son and daughter, Mother sobbed, with delightful tears streaming down her face.
Step 4 高考真题演练（homework）
（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs __________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
2.（2023新高考I卷）Shanghai may be the ___________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
3.（2023全国甲卷）Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message _________ (intend) for everyone.
4.（2023全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ___________(build) system of ring roads.
5.（2023浙江1月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, _________ (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
6.（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
7.（2021浙江卷1月）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
8.（2021北京卷）There have been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, ________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
9.（2019北京卷）Earth Day, __________(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
10.（2020北京卷）A piece of stone __________ (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
11.（2021新高考I卷）But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________（astonish）.
12.（2020全国II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
13.（2021全国II卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
14.（2020浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________ (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population

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