人教版八年级下册Unit 1What's the matter?单词用法详解

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人教版八年级下册Unit 1What's the matter?单词用法详解

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Unit 1 What’s the matter?
matter
①作名词意为“事情,问题”
Is there any matter?有什么问题吗?(这里matter=problem)
We have more important matters to do.我们有更重要的事去做。 (这里matters=things)
②matter做动词意为“要紧,关系重大”
What matters is that you should do exercise after a lesson.上完课后做练习才是要紧的事情。
What’s the matter?“怎么了,出什么事了”
该句用于询问某人哪里不舒服,或发生了什么事情,也可以询问某物出现了什么故障,其后可以接with+人,表示询问某人怎么了
--What’s the matter with him? 他怎么了?
--He has a cold. 他感冒了。
常用于询问疾病、不舒服等的表达方式还有:
What’s wrong (with+人或物)...
What happened(to+人)
Is there anything wrong(with+人)
sore、ache
表示生病的表达:
have a fever/cold/cough/ flu患发烧/感冒/咳嗽/流感
表示疼痛的表达:
have a headache/toothache/stomachache患头痛/牙痛/胃痛
have a sore throat/back 嗓子痛/背痛 (back作名词表示人的后背)
lie
作动词意为“躺,说谎,位于”三单为lies
作名词意为“谎言”其复数为lies;lie down躺下
词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
躺,位于 lay(作动词还有下蛋之意) lain lying
说谎 lied lied lying
My hometown lies across the river我家乡坐落在河对面
He is lying on the ground他正在地上躺着
Don’t lie to me 别对我撒谎
eight-year-old
基数词-year-old为复合形容词,意为“..岁的”后接名词
基数词+years old为短语,意为“...岁”
I have an 18-year-old son.我有一个18岁大的儿子
=My son is 18 years old
think twice再三考虑
think twice about doing sth“再三考虑做某事”
You need to think twice before making decisions.作决定之前你需要再三考虑一下。
get off下车
get on“上车”和get off是指火车、飞机、公交车等大空间的交通
get in“上车”和get out of是指空间小的汽车、出租车等
happen 发生
作不及物动词,常指偶然发生happen to do sth“碰巧做某事”可与句型
“It happens/happened that ”互换
Do you know what happened to Sam? 你知道山姆发生什么事了吗?
He happened to be at home that day
=It happened that he was at home that day碰巧他那天在家
I happened to meet my teacher in the library yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在图书馆遇见我的老师。
注意happen是短暂性动词,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用
expect sb to do sth
预料某人做某事;期望某人做某事
I didn’t expect him to stay so long.我没想到他会在这待那么久
I expected my students to pss the exam.我期望我的学生们通过考试
expect to do sth“预计,期待做某事”
expect that从句“预料..”
I expect to be back within a week.我预计一周内回来
wait for等待
wait for sb/ sth等候某人/某物
wait for sb to do sth等待某人做某事
The patients are waiting for the doctors to come.病人正在等待医生到来
wait to do sth“等待做某事”
can’t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事
wait a moment/minute/second 稍等片刻
Did you hurt yourself playing soccer?你踢足球时伤到自己了吗?
本句中“playing soccer”为现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于when或while引导的时间状语从句,即“when you were playing soccer”
Walking along the street,I came across an old friend of mine.
=When I was walking along the street,I came across an old friend of mine.
当我在街上走的时候我遇见了我的一个老朋友
breathe 呼吸
既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词
The air was so cold that we could hardly breathe空气非常冷我们难以呼吸
He couldn’t breathe他无法呼吸
其名词为breath,意为“呼吸的空气,一次吸入的空气”
常见的短语有:
hold one’s breath屏住呼吸
be out of breath(运动后)喘不上气
take a deep breath深呼吸
be used to与get used to
be used to与get used to都翻译成“习惯于..” be used to 表示一种习惯的状态
get used to表示习惯的过程,即由不习惯向习惯转变的过程
两个短语后面都后接名词、代词、动词ing作其宾语(to在此处是介词)
I am used to getting up early now.我现在习惯了早起。
You’ll get used to the weather here.你会习惯这儿的天气的。(现在还没习惯)
used to do “过去经常做”,只用于过去时态,to是动词不定式,后跟动词原形
He used to read books for an hour every day.他过去经常每天读一小时书
run out与run out of
run out 不及物动词短语,其后不接宾语。其主语通常是time、money等无生命的东西
run out of 及物动词短语,后可以接宾语,主语通常是人
His money ran out
=He ran out of his money他钱花光了
death
单词 词性 词义 功能
death 名词 死,死亡 在句中作主语或宾语
die 动词 死 在句中作谓语,非延续性动词
dead 形容词 死的 作定语或表语,表状态
dying 形容词 垂死的 只作定语
The dying old man lies in bed,thinking of his dead comrades. They died for the people’s liberation. It is a worthy death
这位临终的老人躺在床上,想起他死去的战友。他们为了人民的解放而死,死得其所
cut off 切除,剪掉
该短语为动词+副词型短语,其后接名词时,名词可放在两词之间也可放在副词off之后;其后接代词时,代词只能放在cut 与off之间
The rope is too long,Let’s cut it off.这根绳子太长了我们把它剪断吧
cut的相关短语:
cut in 插嘴; cut out 删除,裁剪; cut down减少,砍倒; cut up 切碎
decision
是动词decide的名词形式,为可数名词,常用短语有:
make decisions; make a decision;make one’s decision 做决定
change one’s decision 改变决定
make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 决定做某事
I decided to buy a new phone for my son.我决定给儿子买一个新手机
be in control of掌管,管理
反义短语为:be/get/ run out of control”失去控制”
control作名词意为“限制,约束,管理”
be under control意为“被控制住,处于控制状态下”
Don’t worry, everything is under control!别担心,一切都在掌控之中!
control作动词,意为“掌管,控制”其过去式和过去分词都是controlled
Who will control the company?谁将掌管公司?
介词with 和in在表示“用”时的区别
with表示使用工具、手段等方式
in则表示用语言、声音、材料等
Cut the bananas with a sharp knife.用锋利的小刀切香蕉
Please,read the story in English.请用英语读这篇故事
so that:so....that....
so that短语意为“以便,为了”常用于引导目的状语从句,可与in order that互换,句中常含有情态动词
Come closer so that I can see it more clearly. 靠近点,那样我才能看的更清楚
so...that.....意为“如此...以至于....” 在句中引导结果状语从句
其中so 是副词,后面常接形容词或副词的原级
He runs so fast we can’t catch up with him. 他跑得如此快,以至于我们赶不上他
keep on doing sth继续做某事
keep的常见几种用法:
keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事
keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
keep sb/sth+形容词 使某人/某物保持...状态
He kept me waiting outside the gate.他让我一直在大门外等着
The heavy rain kept us from going to school.大雨让我们无法去上学
We must keep the classroom clean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净整洁

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