2024年贵州人教版英语中考第二部分 语法专题突破3 形容词和副词

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2024年贵州人教版英语中考第二部分 语法专题突破3 形容词和副词

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2024人教版中考语法专题突破
专题三 形容词和副词
形容词和副词思维导图
考点1:形容词
1.形容词的用法
功能 位置 示例
修饰名词和enough时,一般放在其前面 She is a happy girl.她是一个快乐的女孩。
作定语 修饰复合不定代词时,必须后置 I have something important to tell you.我有很重要的事情告诉你。
作表语 放在系动词后面作表语。常见的系动词有:be,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem,get,turn,become等 The soup smells delicious.这汤闻起来真鲜美。
★常见的只能作表语的形容词:alone,afraid,asleep,awake,alive,well,ill等
作宾语补 足语 放在宾语之后,对其补充说明,常与make, find,keep等动词连用 Keep the classroom clean and tidy,please. 请保持教室干净整洁。
【知识拓展】
1.某些形容词放在定冠词之后,表示一类人,作主语时谓语动词用复数。常见的这类形容词有:good,
bad,rich,poor,young,old,deaf,blind,living,dead等。如:
The old are happy in the park because they have a lot to do.老人们在公园很开心,因为他们有很多事可做。
2.多个形容词作前置定语修饰名词时的顺序口诀:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。如:
a nice large square old brown wooden table一张又大又漂亮的古老的棕色方木桌
2.形容词相关的构词法
1)常见的形容词前缀
构成方法 意义 示例
un /in /im /dis 表示否定 lucky→unlucky;direct→indirect;honest→dishonest
a 形容词,表示处于某种状态 sleep→asleep;wake→awake
2)常见的形容词后缀
类别 构成方法 意义 示例
表示天气的名词 y 充满……的;多……的 cloud→cloudy;sun→sunny
表示方位的名词 ern 朝……方向的 west→western;east→eastern
表示身份/时间的名词 ly ……般的;每……的 friend→friendly;month→monthly
表示物质的名词 en ……材质的 wood→wooden;gold→golden
表示大洲与国家的名词 n ……(人)的 Asia→Asian;America→American
表示人或物性 质的动词 ed/ ing 感到……的; 令人……的 relax→relaxed;surprise→surprising
表示抽象意义 的名词/动词 y; al; ful/ less; able ……的; 无……的 luck→lucky;success→successful; hope→hopeless
考点2:副词
1.副词的分类
类别 用法 示例
时间副词 在句子中作时间状语 now;today;then
地点副词 一般放在句末 here;inside;somewhere
方式副词 大多由“形容词+ ly”构成,放在不及物动词之后或放在句末 carefully;successfully;wildly
程度副词 一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词之前 much;too;quite
频度副词 一般放在行为动词之前,助动词、情态动词和be动词之后 never;seldom;often
疑问副词 引导特殊疑问句 when;how;why
连接副词 引导宾语从句或接动词不定式 when;why;where
关系副词 引导定语从句 where;when;why
【知识拓展】
1.Why was Alice late?爱丽丝为什么迟到了?(why作疑问副词)
2.I don’t know why Alice was late for school.我不知道爱丽丝为什么上学迟到了。(why作连接副词,引导宾语从句)
3.The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to my birthday party.我给你打电话的原因是邀请你参加我的生日聚会。(why作关系副词,引导定语从句)
2.副词的用法
功能 位置 示例
作状语 修饰形容词、副词,常位于被修饰词的前面 Bill is very tall.比尔非常高。
修饰动词,一般位于被修饰词之后 Tom jumps high.汤姆跳得高。
位于句首,修饰整个句子 Finally,Roy won the game. 最终,罗伊赢得了比赛。
作表语 位于系动词之后 Class is over.下课。
作后置 定语 一般位于被修饰词之后 Life here is rich and interesting. 这儿的生活富足且有趣。
作宾语 补足语 位于动宾结构后 We found Lily out when we arrived.我们到的时候,发现莉莉出去了。
3.副词的构成
方式副词一般由形容词变化而来,常见变化规则如下:
类别 构成方法 示例
一般情况 直接加 ly clear→clearly;slow→slowly
以y结尾 双音节词,变y为i,再加 ly happy→happily;heavy→heavily
单音节词,直接加 ly dry→dryly;shy→shyly
以e结尾 开音节词,直接加 ly wide→widely;polite→politely
元音字母+e结尾,去e加 ly true→truly
以le结尾,去e加 y possible→possibly
特殊变化:good→well
【知识拓展】
下面这些副词和与它同根的形容词含义有区别。
形容词 副词
hard努力的 hardly几乎不
near在……附近 nearly几乎
most大多数的 mostly主要地
late晚的;迟的 lately最近
deep深的 deeply深深地
high高的 highly高度地
wide宽的 widely广泛地
bad坏的 badly严重地;十分
考点3:形容词和副词的比较等级
1.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的构成规则
1)规则变化
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加 er或 est slow slower slowest
fast faster fastest
以不发音的字母e结尾的词,在词尾 加 r或 st large larger largest
late later latest
重读闭音节词且词尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加 er或 est ★巧记:辅元辅 big bigger biggest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先变y为i,再加 er或 est happy happier happiest
多音节 词和部 分双音 节词 在原级前加more或most beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
little less least
many/much more most
far(表距离) farther farthest
far(表程度) further furthest
old(表年龄) older oldest
old(表辈分) elder eldest
2.形容词、副词原级及其比较等级的用法
1)原级的用法
用法 含义 示例
as+原级+as 与……一样…… Is Guiyang as big as Zunyi? 贵阳和遵义一样大吗?
not as/so+原级+as 不如…… Guiyang is not so/as big as Zunyi. 贵阳没有遵义大。
倍数+as+原级+as ……是……的……倍(大/快) My room is twice as big as his. 我的房间是他的两倍大。
【知识拓展】修饰形容词和副词的原级的词(组)有:really,very,so,too,quite,pretty,a lot等。如:It is really crowded in the railway station. 火车站真的很拥挤。
2)比较级的用法
用法 含义 示例
比较级+than 比 The sun is bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大。
the+比较级,the+比较级 越……,越…… The more,the better.多多益善。
比较级+and+比较级 越来越…… The earth is getting warmer and warmer.地球日渐变暖。
the+比较级+of the two 两者中更…… 的那个 Lily is the shorter of the twins.莉莉是双胞胎中较矮的那个。
Which/Who is/谓语动词+比较级,A or B? 两者相比较,哪个(人)更…… Who runs faster,Tom or Jack?谁跑得更快,汤姆还 是杰克?
比较级+than any other+可数名词单数 比任何一个人/ 物 都……(比 较级形式表最 高级含义) Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.=Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。
【知识拓展】
修饰形容词和副词的比较级的词(组)有;much,far,even,a lot,a little,a bit等。
如:It is much colder than yesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。
3.最高级的用法
用法 含义 例句
the+最高级+of/in+比较范围 ……是……中最……的(三者或三者以上) I’m the tallest in my class. 我是我们班最高的。
one of the+最高级+可数名词复数 最……之一 Lily is one of the most outgoing girls in the class.莉莉是班里最外向的女孩之一。
the+序数词+最高级+可数名词单数 第几…… The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二长河.
Which/Who…+最高级,A,B or C…? 在三者或三者以上的人或物中,哪个(人)最…… Who jumps highest,Tom,Jack or Jim?谁跳得最高,汤姆、杰克 还是吉姆?
【知识拓展】
1.否定词加比较级=最高级,如:
I can’t agree with you more.我非常同意你(的看法)。
I have never seen a better film.这是我所看过的最好看的一部电影。
2.形容词最高级前面要加the,副词最高级前的the 可以省略。形容词最高级前面用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时,不能再加定冠词the。如:
Yesterday was my busiest day.昨天是我最忙碌的一天。
一、根据中文意思,补全英语译文。(每空一词)
1.最近,一些青少年表示他们渴望快乐。
These days,some teenagers say they are_______ _________
2.夏天的时候,六盘水的天气不如赤水热。
In summer,the weather in Liupanshui is not__________hot_________that in Chishui.
3.制作机器人是最受学生欢迎的活动之一。
Making robots is one of the_______ _________activities among students.happiness.
4.毫无疑问,中国非常擅长修建桥梁和铁路。
There is no doubt that China is very_______ _________building bridges and railways.
5.孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的未来就越好。
_______ _________kids learn to be independent,the better it is for their future.
二、完形填空。
My husband and I recently went to an amusement park with our children and
grandchildren.We had a wonderful time and madelots of  1  memories together.Unexpectedly,
I came across(偶遇) a  2  moment as we made our way through the park.
Our four grandchildren were  3  about the attraction(景点)where children could drive the cars.I sat  4  and prepared to take photos of my family.
As I waited for my family to drive by,I noticed a car with a father and his son  5  looked to be about 7 years old.They rolled down the hill at the beginning and suddenly the car stopped.The son shouted,“I can’t do it.” His father  6  said,“Yes,you can.”
“No,I can’t!”
“Yes,you can,my son.”
The little boy was almost in tears.“I CAN’T!” With deep patience,the father said,“Son,you can do this.Let
me help you.” Then he taught the boy to push the gas pedal(踏板) and drive the car.And a few minutes later,the two went  7  on their way down the track(轨道).
The scene brought tears to my eyes.“Yes,you can”,the words whispered(低语) to my heart.Then every time things got  8  or when I had failure along the way,I would think of “Yes,you can.” That’s where the true strength(力量)comes in.Are you struggling(奋斗) with something today?You can trust the words “Yes,you can.”
1.A.terrible B.sweet C.nervous
2.A.warm B.surprising C.painful
3.A.worried B.excited C.careful
4.A.below B.inside C.outside
5.A.who B.where C.whom
6.A.angrily B.quietly C.sadly
7.A.unhappily   B.smoothly   C.seriously
8.A.hard   B.exciting   C.comfortable
三、短文填空。
Pulling Out “Young Trees”
Once upon a time,there was a boy named Jack. He had many bad habits.One day,his teacher,1._______old man,took the boy to his garden.There were many different plants in the garden.The teacher pointed at a small plant and told Jack to pull it out of the earth.The boy 2.__________(easy)did so.
Next,the old man asked Jack to do the same with
another plant.This plant was a little bigger 3.__________ the first one.Then,the teacher continued to have the boy pull out several plants which were even bigger.Jack began to have difficulty in pulling them out.At one point,he tried his best,but could not do with these large plants.“It’s 4.__________(possible) for me to finish the work,” he said,out of breath.
The old man smiled and said,“You see,it’s very easy to pull out young plants.But it’s difficult to pull out large ones.When you are young,bad habits are also easy to get out of.As you grow up,the bad habits will become stronger and much 5.__________(hard) to ‘pull out’.”
Finally,Jack understood the meaning of this lesson and began to change his lifestyle.

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