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Lesson10 Not for jazz
We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father’s.
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Listen and answer
What happened to the clavichord
____________________________________________________
Comprehension
单项选择
The old musical instrument__________________________.
(a)has been in the family for a long time (b)was bought recently
(c)was sold recently (d)was repaired recently
How did the visitor damage the clavichord
(a)She played jazz on it. (b)She played it.
(c)She cut the strings. (d)She hit the keys too hard.
回答问题
Do we own an old clavichord, or do we own a new piano
When was it made
Who bought the instrument many years ago
Who damaged it recently
What did she try to do
What did she break
Who is repairing it now
Vocabulary
与被动语态的made连用的几个介词
be made in 表示产地：It was made in Germany.它是在德国制造的。
be made of 表示用某种材料制成/看得出：The tea pot is made of silver.茶壶是银制的。
be made from 表示用数种材料制成/看不出：Glass is made from sand and lime.玻璃是由沙和石灰制成的。
be made by 表示制造人：This cake was made by my sister.这块蛋糕是我姐姐做的。
Exercise练习：用正确的介词填空。
Is your watch made _________ gold
These knives were made _________ Sheffield.
This cake was made _________ sugar, flour, butter and eggs.
双重所有格
one of+__________ a/some _____of+__________
他是我父亲的一个朋友。 He is one of my father's friends.
He is a friend of my father's.
汤姆把他的一本书借给了我。 Tom lent me one of his books.
Tom lent me a book of his.
他是我的一个朋友。 He is one of my friends.
He is a friend of mine.
Exercise练习：改写以下斜体部分。
He borrowed one of my records.
She showed me one of John's pictures.
It was one of her ideas.
One of your letters was found on my desk.
Some of their friends came to see me.
Grammar--被动语态
第一句使用了__________语态，第二句运用了___________语态
Prisoners of war built this bridge in 1942. 战俘于1942年建的这座桥。
This bridge was built in 1942.桥是1942年建的。
主动语态的主语为动作的__________, 被动语态的主语为动作的__________.
Workmen are building a new road outside my house.(Who)工人们正在我的房子外面修一条新路。
A new road is being built outside my house.(What)我的房子外面有一条新路在建设之中。
The newsagent delivers our papers every morning.(Who)每天上午送报人来送我们的报纸。
Our papers are delivered every morning.(What)我们的报纸每天上午送到。
The postman delivered a letter this morning.(Who)今天上午邮递员送来了一封信。
A letter was delivered this morning.(What)今天上午来了一封信。
被动语态的结构为：__________________
强调实施者时，可以将原句的主语用by+短语表示出来;by后面的可以省略
The police arrested the thief. The thief was arrested(by the police).
He gave me a present. I was given a present (by him).
The headmaster has punished the boy. The boy has been punished(by the headmaster).
Exercise练习：单项选择
( )1.Last December, a man who stole a shared bike______1,000 yuan by the police.
A. fined B.was fined C.will be fined D.has fined
( )2.Many houses______by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless.
A. damaged B.were damaged C.were damaging D.are damaged
( )3.The patient______now. He will come out soon.
A. Is examined B.is being examined C.is examining D.has examined
( )4.People_____to enter the reading room because it was being painted.
A. were allowed B.were not allowed C.are allowed D.are not allowed
( )5.--Are we about to have dinner --Yes, it______in the dining room.
A. is serving B.serves C.is being served D.has been serving
改为被动语态
His brother washes bowls every day.他的兄弟每天都在洗碗。
主 谓 宾(受动者)
Bowls are washed by his brother every day.
第一步：主宾相换，by加宾语 找到动作的实施者和承受者（by+宾格）
第二步：动变be done 找到对应的动作变成被动语态 be +动词过去分词
第三步： be看时态 be动词变成对应的时态（见第四条）
一般现在时 do be(am/is /are) + done 重点记忆
一般过去时 did be(was/were) + done
一般将来时 will do will + be done
情态动词 情态动词 + do 情态动词 + be done
现在进行时 be(am/is/are) doing am/is/are + being done 了解即可
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were + being + done
现在完成时 have/has done have/has + been+ done
过去完成时 had done had been done
Exercise练习：将下列句子改为被动语态。
She always buys some books for her mom. _________________________________________.
Someone broke the windows last week. _________________________________________.
They are making a model plane. _________________________________________.
Mr. Smith has taught his son to ride a bike. _________________________________________.
I will make a cake for my mom. _________________________________________.
小试牛刀：单项选择
Our clavichord is kept in the living room. That's where we __________ it.
(a)kept (b)have kept (c)are keeping (d)keep
It has belonged to our family for years. It's the__________.
(a)families (b)families' (c)family's (d)familys'
The family have had the clavichord __________ many years.
(a)since (b)for (c)from (d)by
Who__________it Grandfather did.
(a)buy (b)was bought (c)bought (d)did buy
We are not allowed to touch it. We___________touch it.
(a)mustn't (b)mustn't to (c)haven't to (d)don't have to
What's it ___________ A clavichord.
(a)told (b)said (c)called (d)spoken
It's kept in the living room.That's where we__________ it.
(a)have (b)hold (c)lift (d)carry
The visitor damaged it. She__________ it.
(a)hurt (b)pained (c)broke (d)destroyed
Recently it was damaged. She damaged it____________.
(a)late (b)lastly (c)lately (d)finally
A friend of my father's is ____________the clavichord.
(a)mending (b)making (c)doing (d)building

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