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专题04 语法填空
(1)
（22-23高一下·湖北武汉·期中）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the 1950s, the Egyptian government would like to build a new dam across the Nile, but the idea led to 1 (protest). This was because the new dam would likely destroy many cultural relics. With the help of the United Nations, the government established a committee to find a solution 2 the protection of Egypt’s cultural heritage. After a 3 (propose) for how the relics could 4 (save) was made, the project began in 1960. Over the next 20 years, 22 temples 5 countless cultural relics were taken down piece by piece, moved and put back together again in a place 6 they were safe from the water.
7 (complete) in 1980, the project was considered 8 great success. It was believed that it was possible for different countries 9 (work) together to build a better tomorrow. The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today. If a problem 10 (seem) too difficult for a single country, the global community can sometimes provide a solution.
【答案】1. protests 2. to 3. proposal 4. be saved 5. and 6. where 7. Completed 8. a 9. to work 10. seems
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过讲述埃及成功在尼罗河上修建一座新的大坝，来说明不同的国家有可能共同努力，建设一个更美好的明天。
1. 考查名词。句意：20世纪50年代，埃及政府想在尼罗河上修建一座新的大坝，但这个想法引发了抗议。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，protest意为“抗议”，为可数名词，根据句意，此处用复数形式。故填protests。
2. 考查介词。句意：在联合国的帮助下，政府成立了一个委员会来寻找保护埃及文化遗产的解决方案。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：solution to意为“……的解决办法”。故填to。
3. 考查名词。句意：在提出如何保存文物的建议后，该项目于1960年开始。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词a，所以空处应填单数名词，propose的名词形式是proposal。故填proposal。
4. 考查动词语态。句意：在提出如何保存文物的建议后，该项目于1960年开始。分析句子结构可知，save作从句的谓语动词，主语是the relics，两者间是被动关系，用被动语态，空前是情态动词，后接动词原形。故填be saved。
5. 考查连词。句意：在接下来的20年里，22座寺庙和无数的文物被一块一块地拆除，移动，重新组装在一个安全的地方。分析句子结构可知，22 temples和countless cultural relics是并列关系，一起作主语，应该用and连接。故填and。
6. 考查定语从句。句意：在接下来的20年里，22座寺庙和无数的文物被一块一块地拆除，移动，重新组装在一个安全的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，从句中缺少地点状语，用where引导。故填where。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目于1980年完成，被认为是一个巨大的成功。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词was considered，所以complete应用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是the project，两者间是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Completed。
8. 考查冠词。句意：该项目于1980年完成，被认为是一个巨大的成功。分析句子结构可知，success是抽象名词具体化，句中用的单数，前应用不定冠词修饰，great为辅音音素开头，用a。故填a。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们相信，不同的国家有可能共同努力，建设一个更美好的明天。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定句型：it was+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.意为“做某事对于……来说是……的”，it作形式主语，动词不定式做真正的主语。故填to work。
10. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如果一个问题对一个国家来说似乎太难了，国际社会有时可以提供一个解决方案。分析句子结构可知，seem作从句的谓语，根据前后文可知，此处用一般现在时，主语是a problem，为第三人称单数，谓语动词也用第三人称单数。故填seems。
(2)
（22-23高一下·湖北武汉·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Africa’s great apes (大型类人猿) could lose between 85% and 94% of their range be 2050, a new study finds.
The threats 1 their habitats include climate change, land use, and human disturbance. If the pressure continues, their range 2 (continue) to shrink and their chances of survival will also be likely to decrease. With climate change, some of their lowland habitats are becoming 3 (dry), making it more difficult for great apes to stay. Animals 4 rely on those habitats have to shift their range in order to avoid extinction. All African great apes are classified as endangered or critically endangered. They’re all considered flagship species for 5 (conserve), the researchers point out.
The researcher Jacqueline Sunderland-Groves from University of British Columbia is part of the international team that studied how these threats have 6 impact on the survival of Africa’s apes. Their research 7 (publish) in the journal Diversity and Distributions.
New plans and measures to conserve great apes need to be made in the long term and employ the best science available to guide our efforts in many 8 (aspect). This study demonstrates how we can plan for great apes, placing our efforts on minimizing habitat loss, and extending the current network of 9 (protect) areas to maintain connectivity. We still have to rewrite the future for great apes, and now we just need 10 (make) this a reality.
【答案】1. to 2. will continue 3. drier 4. which/that 5. conservation 6. an 7. was published 8. aspects 9. protected 10. to make
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是一项新的研究发现，到2050年，非洲类人猿的活动范围可能会减少85%到94%。
1. 考查介词。句意：对它们栖息地的威胁包括气候变化、土地利用和人为干扰。根据语境可知，句子表示“对它们栖息地的威胁包括气候变化、土地利用和人为干扰”，空格处意为“对于”，用介词to，故填to。
2. 考查动词时态。句意：如果压力持续下去，它们的活动范围将继续缩小，它们生存的机会也可能会减少。if引导的是条件状语从句，句子遵循主将从现的原则，从句时态是一般现在时，主句时态用一般将来时，因此空格处是will continue，故填will continue。
3. 考查形容词比较级。句意：随着气候变化，它们的一些低地栖息地变得越来越干燥，这使得类人猿更难以生存。由more difficult可知，空格处用比较级drier，故填drier。
4. 考查定语从句。句意：依赖于这些栖息地的动物不得不改变它们的活动范围以避免灭绝。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是Animals，指物，因此空格处用关系代词which或that，故填which或that。
5. 考查名词。句意：研究人员指出，它们都被认为是保护的旗舰物种。空格处用名词conservation作宾语，conservation意为“保护”，是不可数名词，故填conservation。
6. 考查冠词。句意：来自英属哥伦比亚大学的Jacqueline Sunderland-Groves是研究这些威胁如何影响非洲猿类生存的国际团队的成员。have an impact on是固定短语，意为“对……有影响”，因此空格处是冠词an，故填an。
7. 考查动词语态。句意：他们的研究发表在《多样性与分布》杂志上。研究是被发表，且句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语research是单数，因此空格处用was published，故填was published。
8. 考查名词复数。句意：保护类人猿的新计划和措施需要长期制定，并利用现有的最佳科学来指导我们在许多方面的努力。空前有many，空格处用名词复数形式，故填aspects。
9. 考查形容词。句意：这项研究展示了我们如何为类人猿制定计划，努力减少栖息地的丧失，并扩大现有的保护区网络以保持连通性。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词areas，此处表示“受保护的”，应用protected，故填protected。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们仍然需要改写类人猿的未来，现在我们只需要让这成为现实。need to do是固定短语，意为“需要做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to make。故填to make。
(3)
（22-23高一下·湖北·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the year of rabbit 2023, there is a leap February. Have you ever heard about a leap month According to the 1 (tradition) Chinese calendar (the lunar calendar), for every 19 years there will be seven leap months. Some traditions concerning the leap month 2 (hand) down for many years, 3 vary from place to place.
In some parts of Central China’s Henan province, daughters will prepare wild goose-shaped pastries (老雁馍) for their parents before the leap month comes, 4 (wish) for happiness and luck. In some part of East China’s Shandong province, the married daughters will send dough-made fish and toad (蟾蜍) 5 their parents, which means “wealth” and “health” 6 (separate).
People 7 (live) near Wuyi Mountain in East China’s Fujian province have the tradition of drinking tea during a leap month, and only women can attend. Women in the village take 8 (turn) to hold the tea party, and they drink tea while talking to one another.
Just like other festivals, 9 get-together dinner is very important among the traditions of the leap month. When a leap month comes, parents will get food 10 (prepare) and invite their daughters to return home to have dinner together.
【答案】1. traditional 2. have handed 3. which 4. wishing 5. to 6. separately 7. living 8. tums 9. the 10. prepared
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在中国，关于闰月各地都有不同的传统，并介绍了一些地区的传统习惯。
1. 考查形容词。句意：根据中国传统历法(农历)，每19年有7个闰月。根据空后的名词“Chinese calendar”可知，空处为形容词修饰名词。故填traditional。
2. 考查时态。句意：一些关于闰月的传统流传了许多年，各地不同。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“for many years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“some traditions concerning the leap month”复数，和动词“hand”之间为主动关系。故填have handed。
3. 考查定语从句。句意：一些关于闰月的传统流传了许多年，各地不同。这里为非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词为“some traditions concerning the leap month”，在定语从句中担当主语，用which。故填which。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国中部河南省的一些地区，女儿们会在闰月到来之前为父母准备老雁馍，祈求幸福和好运。非谓语动词担当状语，逻辑主语daughters与wish之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填wishing。
5. 考查介词。句意：在中国东部山东省的一些地区，出嫁的女儿会给父母送鱼和蟾蜍，分别代表“财富”和“健康”。短语：send sth. to sb，意为“把……送给某人”。故填to。
6. 考查副词。句意：在中国东部山东省的一些地区，出嫁的女儿会给父母送鱼和蟾蜍，分别代表“财富”和“健康”。修饰动词“means”用副词形式。故填separately。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：居住在中国东部福建省武夷山附近的人们有在闰月喝茶的传统，而且只有女性才能参加。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，和被修饰词“people”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填living。
8. 考查固定搭配。句意：村里的妇女轮流举办茶会，她们一边喝茶一边聊天。固定搭配：take turns to do sth，意为“轮流做某事”。故填turns。
9. 考查冠词。句意：就像其他节日一样，团圆饭在闰月的传统中是非常重要的。修饰可数名词“get-together dinner”，表示特指，用定冠词。故填the。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当闰月到来的时候，父母会准备好食物，邀请女儿回家一起吃饭。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语补足语，和宾语“food”之间存在被动关系，用动词的过去分词形式。故填prepared。
(4)
（22-23高一下·湖北·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to the traditional Chinese calendar (日历), for every 19 years there will be seven leap months. “Leap month” 1 (refer) to a repetitive month. Rather 2 (interesting), there are two Februarys in 2023.
There are 3 variety of traditions and customs during leap month in China. They are quite 4 (fascinate) for you to explore. In some parts of East China’s Shandong province, the married daughters send toads (蟾蜍) and fish 5 (make) of dough (面团) to their parents. 6 (live) near Wuyi Mountain in East China’s Fujian province, the local people have the tradition of drinking tea at leap month, and only women 7 (allow) to take part. The daughters who are married usually buy pig’s feet and thin noodles for their parents, 8 is unique for people in Southeast China’s Taiwan province. Various historical and cultural factors have contributed 9 the diverse customs. Do they successfully arouse your 10 (curious) The leap February has arrived. Are you prepared with your gifts
【答案】1. refers 2. interestingly 3. a 4. fascinating 5. made 6. Living 7. are allowed 8. which 9. to 10. curiosity
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的闰月中各地的传统和习俗。
1. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“闰月”是指一个重复的月份。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，句子在描述一般性的事实，应用一般现在时，主语Leap month是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填refers。
2. 考查副词。句意：相当有趣的是，2023年有两个二月。分析句子可知，空处是修饰整个句子的状语，应用interesting的副词形式interestingly，意为“有趣的是”。故填interestingly。
3. 考查冠词。句意：在中国的闰月有各种各样的传统和习俗。根据“variety of traditions and customs”可知，此处用固定短语a variety of，意为“各种各样的”，空处需用冠词a。故填a。
4. 考查形容词。句意：它们非常吸引你去探索。分析句子可知，空处作句子的表语，应用fascinate的形容词形式，且主语They指的是各种传统和习俗，是事物的性质，需用fascinating，意为“吸引人的”。故填fascinating。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国东部山东省的一些地区，出嫁的女儿会给父母送面团做的蟾蜍和鱼。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处需用非谓语动词，作toads和fish的后置定语，make与toads和fish之间是被动关系，应用make的过去分词形式made。故填made。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：居住在中国东部福建省武夷山附近的当地人有在闰月喝茶的传统，而且只有女性才能参加。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处需用非谓语动词，作句子的状语，live和逻辑主语the local people之间是主动关系，应用live的像现在分词形式living，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Living。
7. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：居住在中国东部福建省武夷山附近的当地人有在闰月喝茶的传统，而且只有女性才能参加。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，句子在描述一般性的事实，应用一般现在时，allow和主语only women之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are allowed。
8. 考查定语从句。句意：已婚的女儿通常会给父母买猪蹄和细面，这在中国东南部的台湾省是很独特的。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对前面的句子作补充说明，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
9. 考查介词。句意：不同的历史文化因素造就了不同的风俗习惯。根据空前“contributed”可知，此处用固定短语contribute to，意为“造成，促成”，空处应用介词to。故填to。
10. 考查名词。句意：他们是否成功地唤起了你的好奇心？分析句子可知，空处被your限定，作arouse的宾语，应用curious的名词形式curiosity，意为“好奇心”，是不可数名词。故填curiosity。
(5)
（22-23高一下·湖北荆州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Bullet trains tailored (量身定做) for the high-speed railway network linking the Indonesian cities of Jakarta and Bandung are unveiled (公开) in Eastern China, marking an important milestone of the project 1 preparing for the line’s scheduled opening, China Railway International says.
A total of 11 sets of bullet trains and an inspection train, all adopting Chinese standards, are showcased in Qingdao, Shandong Province. They 2 (ship) to Indonesia soon.
According to China Railway International, a subsidiary (子公司) of China State Railway Group, 3 is overseeing the project, the trains, designed and developed by CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co, Ltd, are based on 4 (advance) and mature technologies of China-made Fuxing bullet trains which operate at the speed of 350 km per hour. The CRRC has also made 5 (change) to adapt to the local environment and routes, as well as incorporating (融入) Indonesia’s cultural elements 6 (give) passengers more comfortable traveling experience.
The 243-kilometer-line, 7 landmark project of the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative, 8 (begin) construction in 2018 and is expected to open to traffic in June, 2023.
With trains capable of 9 (reach) speeds of up to 350 km per hour, the line will cut the journey between Jakarta and the capital of Indonesia’s West Java Province from over three hours 10 just 40 minutes.
【答案】1. and 2. will be shipped 3. which 4. advanced 5. changes 6. to give 7. a 8. began 9. reaching 10. to
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了为连接印尼雅加达和万隆的高速铁路网量身定制的子弹头列车在中国东部亮相。
1. 考查连词。句意：中铁国际表示，为连接印尼雅加达和万隆的高速铁路网量身定制的子弹头列车在中国东部亮相，这标志着该项目的一个重要里程碑，并为该线路的预定开通做准备。结合语意可知，marking an important milestone of the project与preparing for the line’s scheduled opening并列，在句中作结果状语，中间应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
2. 考查时态和语态。句意：它们将很快被运往印度尼西亚。结合语意以及上文可知，句子描述将要发生的动作，应用一般将来时，且ship与主语They之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be shipped。
3. 考查定语从句。句意：据负责监督该项目的中国中铁总公司下属子公司中铁国际称，由中车青岛四方股份有限公司设计和开发的列车是基于中国制造的时速350公里的复兴动车先进成熟技术。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词China Railway International，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
4. 考查形容词。句意：据负责监督该项目的中国中铁总公司下属子公司中铁国际称，由中车青岛四方股份有限公司设计和开发的列车是基于中国制造的时速350公里的复兴动车先进成熟技术。空处与mature并列，应用形容词advanced，表示“先进的”，作定语修饰名词technologies。故填advanced。
5. 考查名词复数。句意：中国中车还做出了改变，以适应当地的环境和路线，并融入印尼的文化元素，为乘客提供更舒适的旅行体验。结合语意可知，此处表示不止一项改变，空处应用名词的复数形式changes，作动词made的宾语。故填changes。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国中车还做出了改变，以适应当地的环境和路线，并融入印尼的文化元素，为乘客提供更舒适的旅行体验。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意，中国中车做出改变，是为了给乘客提供更舒适的旅行体验，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to give。
7. 考查冠词。句意：这条243公里长的线路是中国提出的“一带一路”倡议的标志性项目，于2018年开始建设，预计将于2023年6月通车。结合语意可知，此处表示“一个标志性项目”，空处应用不定冠词表示泛指，landmark是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词a。故填a。
8. 考查动词时态。句意：这条243公里长的线路是中国提出的“一带一路”倡议的标志性项目，于2018年开始建设，预计将于2023年6月通车。根据时间状语in 2018可知，“开始”这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式began。故填began。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：由于列车时速可达350公里，这条线路将把雅加达和印度尼西亚西爪哇省首府之间的行程从3个多小时缩短到40分钟。空处用于介词of之后，应用动名词形式reaching，作介词of的宾语。 故填reaching。
10. 考查介词。句意：由于列车时速可达350公里，这条线路将把雅加达和印度尼西亚西爪哇省首府之间的行程从3个多小时缩短到40分钟。from…to…为固定搭配，表示“从……到……”，符合题意，所以空处应用介词to。故填to。
(6)
（22-23高一下·湖北武汉·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The sci-fi movie The Wandering Earth Ⅱ has attracted great attention these days. Many of the movie audiences praise it a lot and almost every one of them 1 (strike) with the science and technology in it, 2 (particular) the space elevators (电梯) that send people to space.
The key to 3 (build) space elevators is to find a super strong material that can be used as the elevator cable (缆绳). The material needs to maintain good 4 (perform) when exposed to special conditions in space. It might be many years 5 space elevators could actually become a reality. Still, the discussion of this technology itself accurately reflects the ambition of humans in the research and development of material science.
Over the past weeks, many audiences 6 (show) great interest in the details and technologies in the movie. 7 number of scientists and researchers joined online discussions in an attempt 8 (explain) the possibilities of the technologies in the movie.
The movie’s science consultant said, “Discussions on the movie not only show support for Chinese movies 9 fire more people’s enthusiasm (热情) for science and technology and give them a chance to get to know 10 (relate) knowledge of science and technology behind the movie.”
【答案】1. is struck 2. particularly 3. building 4. performance 5. before 6. have shown 7. a 8. to explain 9. but 10. related/relative
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍电影《流浪地球2》中科技的应用引起了观众的热烈讨论，并激发人们对科技的热情。
1. 考查时态语态。句意：许多电影观众对它赞不绝口，几乎每个人都被其中的科学技术所打动，尤其是将人们送上太空的太空电梯。空处为and并列句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语every one of them是第三人称单数，其与谓语动词strike之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is struck。
2. 考查副词。句意同上。此处用副词particularly“尤其”作评注性状语。故填particularly。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：建造太空电梯的关键是找到一种可以用作电梯电缆的超强材料。短语the key to“……的关键”中to是介词，其后接build的动名词形式作宾语。故填building。
4. 考查名词。句意：当材料暴露在太空中的特殊条件下时，需要保持良好的性能。空处应填名词作宾语，performance“性能”符合题意，不可数。故填performance。
5. 考查连词。句意：太空电梯可能要过很多年才能真正成为现实。it be+短时间+before“要过……才……”是固定句型，其中before引导时间状语从句。故填before。
6. 考查时态。句意：在过去的几周里，许多观众对电影中的细节和技术表现出了极大的兴趣。结合语境和时间状语over the past weeks可知，本句使用现在完成时，主语audiences是复数，助动词用have。故填have shown。
7. 考查冠词。句意：许多科学家和研究人员加入了在线讨论，试图解释电影中技术的可能性。结合句意表达“许多”用a number of，number的发音是辅音音素开头，故填a。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。名词attempt后常用不定式作后置定语，in an attempt to do sth.“试图做某事”。故填to explain。
9. 考查并列连词。句意：电影的科学顾问说：“关于这部电影的讨论不仅表明了对中国电影的支持，而且激发了更多人对科技的热情，让他们有机会了解电影背后的科学技术相关知识。”结合句意表达“不但……而且……”用not only...but (also)...。故填but。
10. 考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词词组 knowledge of science and technology应用所给词的形容词形式，related/relative“有关的，相关的”符合题意。故填related/relative。
(7)
（广东省深圳市翠园中学2022-2023学年高一下学期4月期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I’d never heard of the yangqin, 1 18th century Chinese stringed instrument, until this past Sunday on April 11, 2021, when I had the pleasure of hearing music master Wenzhuo Zhang perform on it in a virtual concert.
Wenzhuo, a Chinese native, began her training on the yangqin 2 she was only 5. At 13, Wenzhuo 3 (win) a scholarship to the Arts School of Hebei Province; the 4 (high) competitive program only accepted a single yangqin student every two years. After graduation, she placed first in nationwide auditions and 5 (admit) into the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts in Beijing, 6 she was awarded her bachelor’s in yangqin performance in 2005.
Wenzhuo performed four pieces, three tracing their 7 (origin) to centuries old Chinese composers, and one from the modern era. Needless to say, Wenzhuo’s performances sounded gorgeous. The yangqin is a unique and beautiful instrument and its sound, 8 (combine) with Wenzhuo’s musical ability, allowed the four greatly different pieces to stand together. I believe it serves 9 a wonderful introduction to the instrument.
It was 10 (fascinate) to learn about the yangqin and a joy to watch Wenzhuo perform on it from the comfort of my home. It was really quite a relief from my daily care.
【答案】1. an 2. when 3. won 4. highly 5. was admitted 6. where 7. origins 8. combined 9. as 10. fascinating
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐大师张文卓学习扬琴的经历，以及她取得的一些成就。
1. 考查冠词。句意：我之前从未听说过扬琴，这是一种18世纪的中国弦乐器，直到2021年4月11日这个周日，我有幸在一场虚拟音乐会中听到了音乐大师张文卓的演奏。instrument是可数名词，在句中是单数，故该空是不定冠词，表示泛指，18th以元音音素开头。故填an。
2. 考查连词。句意：温卓是一位土生土长的中国人，5岁时就开始练扬琴。根据空后的she was only 5，可知该空表示“当……时候”，需用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
3. 考查动词和时态。句意：13岁时，文卓获得河北省艺术学院奖学金。At 13表示该句是一般过去时，故谓语动词是过去式，win是赢得，其过去式是won。故填won。
4. 考查副词。句意：这个竞争激烈的项目每两年只招收一名扬琴学生。该空修饰形容词competitive(有竞争性的），故为副词，high是形容词，高的，highly是副词，表示“很，非常”。故填highly。
5. 考查语态和主谓一致。句意：毕业后，她以全国第一的成绩考入北京的中国戏剧艺术研究院，并于2005年获得扬琴表演学士学位。admit是录取，主语she与admit是逻辑上的动宾关系，故该句是被动语态，句子是一般过去时，故谓构成是was done。故填was admitted。
6. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：毕业后，她以全国第一的成绩考入北京的中国戏剧艺术研究院，并于2005年获得扬琴表演学士学位。分析句子结构，该空是非限定性定语从句的关系词，先行词是the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts，关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
7. 考查名词。句意：文卓演奏了四首作品，其中三首是来自中国几百年前的作曲家，另一首来自现代。该空前面是形容词性物主代词their，它们的，故应填名词，origin是来源，起源，“它们的起源”应为复数，此处需用复数形式origins。故填origins。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：扬琴是一种独特而美丽的乐器，它的声音与文卓的音乐才能相结合，使四首截然不同的乐曲得以结合在一起。该句主语是its sound，谓语是allowed，因此该空是非谓语动词作状语，combine sth. with sth.为固定短语，意为“将某物和某物结合起来”，sound与combine是被动关系，需用过去分词combined。故填combined。
9. 考查介词。句意：我相信这是对乐器的一个很好的介绍。serve as是固定短语，意为“充当，用作”。故填as。
10. 考查形容词。句意：学习扬琴是一件令人着迷的事情，在舒适的家中观看文卓的扬琴表演是一种快乐。该句是句型It was+形容词+to do sth.，空处需填形容词作表语，故该空是形容词fascinating。故填fascinating。
(8)
（22-23高一下·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Su Shi, a famous scholar of the Song Dynasty, was 1 (high) thought of in poetry, prose and painting.
At the age of 21, his fresh prose style earned him the 2 (recognize) of Ouyang Xiu. Xiu, a Chinese historian and politician of the Song dynasty, 3 (say) that Su Shi’s writings were outstanding, which made Su Shi instantly famous. However, before Su Shi’s political dream was realized, he had to leave his position and return home.
With his dreams 4 (cut) short, Su Shi started to focus on nature. In the spring of 1082, he took an outing with his friends. When 5 sudden shower of rain made his companions rush for shelter, Su Shi burst into laughter as if completely unaware of the rain.
Along both sides of the path were growing trees, 6 leaves made soft sounds as the rain-drops fell. With wet clothes, he walked along, 7 (sing) a happy song. Then an idea struck him: “Shall go through this life in a 8 (peace) mind, if only wearing a straw rain cape (蓑衣).”
Su Shi’s optimistic and open-minded attitude 9 life ensured his advancement despite political ups and downs. Expressed in his poetry and essay, which have been passed down through generations, such an attitude has truly inspired us 10 (keep) a broad mind and persist in our struggle against all difficulties.
【答案】1. highly 2. recognition 3. said 4. cut 5. a 6. whose 7. singing 8. peaceful 9. to/towards/toward 10. to keep
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了宋代文人苏轼的一生，突出了他的文学成就和乐观豁达的人生态度。
1. 考查副词。句意：苏轼是宋代著名的学者，在诗歌、散文和绘画方面都受到高度评价。根据空后“thought of”可知，空处应用high的副词形式highly，构成固定短语think highly of sb.，意为“对某人评价很高”。故填highly。
2. 考查名词。句意：21岁时，他清新的散文风格为他赢得了欧阳修的认可。分析句子可知，空处被the限定，作earned的宾语，应用recognize的名词形式recognition，意为“认可”。故填recognition。
3. 考查时态。句意：中国宋代的历史学家和政治家欧阳修说，苏轼的作品是杰出的，这使苏轼迅速出名。分析句子可知，空处作主句的谓语，句子在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，应用say的过去式said。故填said。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：梦想中断后，苏轼开始关注自然。此处用with的复合结构，空处需用非谓语动词，his dreams和cut short之间是被动关系，应用cut的过去分词形式cut。cut short是固定短语，意为“提早结束，中断”。故填cut。
5. 考查冠词。句意：突然下起了一场雨，同伴们纷纷跑去避雨，苏轼突然大笑起来，好像完全没有意识到有雨似的。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一场”，应用不定冠词，且sudden的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
6. 考查定语从句。句意：小路两旁长着树木，雨滴落下时树叶发出轻柔的声音。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是trees，是从句中leaves的定语，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他穿着湿衣服，边走边唱着快乐的歌。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，作伴随状语，且sing和he之间是逻辑主动关系，应用sing的现在分词形式singing。故填singing。
8. 考查形容词。句意：这时，他突然想到：“一蓑烟雨任平生。”分析句子可知，空处是修饰mind的定语，应用peace的形容词形式peaceful，意为“平和的”。故填peaceful。
9. 考查介词。句意：苏轼乐观豁达的生活态度让他在宦海沉浮中前行。“对……的态度”是固定短语attitude to/towards/toward。故填to/towards/toward。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种态度在他的诗歌和散文中得到了体现，并代代相传，它真正激励着我们保持宽广的胸怀，坚持与一切困难作斗争。此处用固定短语inspire sb. to do sth.，意为“激励某人做……”，空处需用keep的不定式形式to keep。故填to keep。
(9)
（广东实验中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 2 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3 can be to eat out. I still remember 4 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 5 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 6 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 7 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 9 (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 10 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
【答案】1. dishes 2. who/that 3. it 4. visiting 5. was shocked 6. have become 7. affordable 8. higher 9. weight 10. for
【分析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。
1. 考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
2. 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
3. 考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，it是形式主语。故填it。
4. 考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。
5. 考查时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shock的主语是I，两者关系是被动，动作发生在过去。故填was shocked。
6. 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知，用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。
7. 考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”，故填affordable。
8. 考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，even表示程度，修饰比较级，故填higher。
9. 考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
10. 考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词for，故填for。
(10)
（22-23高一下·广东江门·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On a weekend in early October, Hu Wenjue and a group of children gathered in a wetland park. Hu pointed at a wild bird and spoke in a low voice while the children were listening 1 (careful).
Hu is a pioneer in nature education in Hefei, Anhui Province. He 2 (found) an organization five years ago to offer several nature-based 3 (program) for children under 12 years old. Through various outdoor activities, such as 4 (identify) plants and exploring forests, nature education aims 5 (reach) participants, mostly urban residents, how to appreciate, respect and live in harmony 6 nature.
“Respecting the laws of nature and coexisting with nature harmoniously, we could change our lifestyle for the 7 (good) and it is a virtuous cycle (良性循环),” Hu said. He hopes to see more people protect nature 8 promote green development and ecological civilization in China.
In recent years, China has seen great development in nature education, 9 is nourished (滋养) by the country’s rich natural resources such as nature reserves, forest parks, wetland parks and geological parks.
“Nature is generous to us if we give 10 (protect) to her, and don’t forget that we all belong to nature,” Hu said.
【答案】1. carefully 2. founded 3. programs 4. identifying 5. to reach 6. with 7. better 8. and 9. which 10. protection
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Hu Wenjue倡导自然教育的事迹。
1. 考查副词。句意：胡指着一只野鸟，低声说话，孩子们仔细地听着。空格处用副词carefully修饰动词listening。故填carefully。
2. 考查时态。句意：他在五年前成立了一个组织，为12岁以下的儿童提供几个基于自然的项目。由five years ago可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式。故填founded。
3. 考查名词的复数。句意：他在五年前成立了一个组织，为12岁以下的儿童提供几个基于自然的项目。空前有several，空格处用复数。故填programs。
4. 考查动名词。句意：通过各种户外活动，如识别植物和探索森林，自然教育旨在让参与者（主要是城市居民）了解如何欣赏，尊重并与成熟和谐相处。空格处用动名词作宾语。故填identifying。
5. 考查不定式。句意：通过各种户外活动，如识别植物和探索森林，自然教育旨在让参与者（主要是城市居民）了解如何欣赏，尊重并与成熟和谐相处。aim to do是固定短语，意为“旨在做某事”，因此空格处用不定式。故填to reach。
6. 考查介词。句意：通过各种户外活动，如识别植物和探索森林，自然教育旨在让参与者（主要是城市居民）了解如何欣赏，尊重并与成熟和谐相处。in harmony with是固定短语，意为“与……和谐相处”。故填with。
7. 考查比较级。句意：“尊重自然规律，与自然和谐共处，我们可以改善我们的生活方式，这是一个良性循环，”胡说。根据语境可知，句子表示“我们可以改善我们的生活方式”，for the better意为“向好的方向发展”。故填better。
8. 考查连词。句意：他希望看到更多的人保护自然，促进中国的绿色发展和生态文明。protect nature和promote green development and ecological civilization之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and表并列。故填and。
9. 考查定语从句。句意：近年来，中国的自然教育得到了很大的发展，这得益于中国丰富的自然资源，如自然保护区、森林公园、湿地公园和地质公园。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句的内容，因此空格处用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
10. 考查名词。句意：“如果我们保护自然，自然对我们是慷慨的，不要忘记我们都属于自然，”胡说。空格处用名词作宾语，此处意为“保护”，名词是protection，是不可数名词。故填protection。
(11)
（广东省华侨中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has adopted digital technology 1 (preserve) ancient cliff (悬崖) carvings and paintings before their disappearance.
Workers have copied more than 2,000 immovable rock carvings and paintings at Helan Mountain to digitalize the overall views as well as 2 (they) accurate locations. The digital information will be sorted and-workers will conduct a disease analysis.
Rock carvings 3 (appear) before writing systems were invented. Now, more than 20, 000 cliff paintings and carvings 4 were created by the ancestors have been discovered at Helan Mountain. The works record the lives of the people who lived 3, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. In general, 5 (image) of animals dominate(占主要地位), followed 6 humans, vehicles, plants, planets, fingerprints and abstract signs. The surfaces were 7 (main) carved with stone or metal in the open air, 8 (expose) to weather beaten.
The protection of rock paintings and carvings is a worldwide issue. At present, there is no 9 (effect), naturally scientific and technological means to prevent their disappearance. Some experts have predicted that by the end of this century, 10 quarter of the world’s rock paintings will disappear completely.
【答案】1. to preserve 2. their 3. had appeared 4. which/that 5. images 6. by 7. mainly 8. exposed 9. effective 10. a/one
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。在古代石刻和壁画消失之前，中国西北部的宁夏回族自治区采用了数字技术来保护它们。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在古代石刻和壁画消失之前，中国西北部的宁夏回族自治区采用了数字技术来保护它们。分析句意可知，设空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to preserve。
2. 考查代词。句意：工人们在贺兰山复制了超过2000个不可移动的岩雕和绘画，将整体景观及其准确位置数字化。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词locations，需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
3. 考查时态。句意：在书写系统发明之前，石刻就已经出现了。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少主句的谓语，从句时态为一般过去时，根据句意可知主句动作发生在从句动作之前，也就是发生在过去的过去，因而用过去完成时。故填had appeared。
4. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：现在，在贺兰山发现了2万多幅由祖先创作的岩画和雕刻。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词cliff paintings and carvings，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
5. 考查名词。句意：总的来说，动物图像占主导地位，其次是人类、车辆、植物、行星、指纹和抽象符号。image为可数名词，根据“of animals”可知，需填名词复数形式。故填images。
6. 考查介词。句意：总的来说，动物图像占主导地位，其次是人类、车辆、植物、行星、指纹和抽象符号。follow by为固定短语，意为“接着是；跟随着”。故填by。
7. 考查副词。句意：表面主要是用在户外的石头或金属雕刻，暴露在风雨中。设空处修饰动词carved，需用副词作状语。故填mainly。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：表面主要是用在户外的石头或金属雕刻，暴露在风雨中。be exposed to为固定短语，意为“暴露在”，分析句子结构，设空处需填过去分词作状语。故填exposed。
9. 考查形容词。句意：目前，还没有有效的、自然的科学技术手段来防止它们的消失。分析句子可知，设空处与下文的scientific和technological一同作定语修饰名词means，因而需填入形容词。故填effective。
10. 考查冠词或者代词。句意：一些专家预测，到本世纪末，世界上四分之一的岩画将完全消失。a/one quarter of为固定短语，意为“四分之一”。故填a/one。
(12)
（22-23高一下·广东·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Classical Chinese garden design aims to create a natural landscape and thinks highly of the perfect harmony between man and nature.
A Chinese garden is like a scroll (卷轴) painting, 1 (show) a series of carefully composed scenes. New views are showed as one visitor 2 (walk) along the paths. In the gardens, you can see some winding paths 3 seemingly lead to nowhere. There, a path seems to end, but all of a sudden, a new world is rolled out before you: pavilions (亭子), rock formations, spring waters — all combined to provide a pleasant surprise! At the 4 (enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall 5 (use) to produce unimaginable delight when you turn around the wall. A Chinese garden may have windows on all 6 (it) four walls. And it is interesting that 7 the windows, visitors may see different views at different angles.
A Chinese garden is where culture is both created 8 enjoyed. All plants mark the shift of the 9 (season). Water and rock 10 (similar) create the balance of nature’s yin and yang.
【答案】1. showing 2. is walking 3. which/that 4. entrance 5. used 6. its 7. through 8. and 9. seasons 10. similarly
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了中国古典园林设计以营造自然景观为宗旨，注重人与自然的完美和谐。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国园林就像一幅卷轴画，展示了一系列精心构图的场景。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，动词show和逻辑主语painting之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填showing。
2. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：当一个游客沿着小路行走时，新的景观就会出现。此处为as引导的时间状语从句，前后句子的动作同时进行，此处主句用一般现在时态，所以as引导时间状语从句用现在进行时态，主语为名词单数 visitor，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填is walking。
3. 考查定语从句。句意：在花园里，你可以看到一些弯弯曲曲的小路，似乎通向什么地方。先行词为paths，在定语从句中作主语，指物，故填which/that。
4. 考查名词。句意：在中国园林的入口处，通常会有一块巨大的石头或墙壁，当你转过墙时，会产生难以想象的愉悦。空前有定冠词 the，空处需填名词单数特指，作宾语，构成固定搭配at the entrance of“在……的入口”，故填 entrance。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国园林的入口处，通常会有一块巨大的石头或墙壁，当你转过墙时，会产生难以想象的愉悦。分析句子可知，动词use和它所修饰的词stone or wall之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填used。
6. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：中国的花园可能在它所有的四个墙壁上都有窗户。分析句子可知，应用形容词性物主代词 its，修饰名词walls，故填 its。
7. 考查介词。句意：有趣的是，透过窗户，游客可以从不同的角度看到不同的景色。表示“透过”，后跟名词，所以用介词 through，故填 through。
8. 考查连词。句意：中国园林是创造文化和享受文化的地方。前后是并列关系，所以用and连接，故填and。
9. 考查可数名词的复数。句意：所有的植物都标志着季节的变化。season季节，是可数名词，“季节的变化”涉及不同的季节，此处要用复数形式，故填seasons。
10. 考查副词。句意：水和岩石同样创造了自然阴阳的平衡。修饰动词create，所以用副词，故填similarly。
(1)
（23-24高一下·浙江嘉兴·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“China is at the center of many developments. 1 is important for our next generation to understand China’s culture and to also be able to work 2 (use) the Chinese language,”says Joan Deslandes, head teacher of Kingsford Community School in East London.
She 3 (make) the comments at the prize-giving ceremony (典礼) for the winners of the Chinese Proficiency Competition-“Chinese Bridge”. In total, 4 (near) 500 British students took part in the two competitions 5 (hold) earlier this year online.
“But more important is that China has a wonderful history and culture that is unknown 6 many of the young people in the UK. I feel it will be good to their development if they learn the language,“she says.
In 2000, Kingsford became the 7 (one) school in Britain to introduce Chinese language courses into its curriculum.
Present at the event were around 140 students and teachers from 17 schools 8 put on performances (表演) on the stage, including Chinese songs, 9 (tradition) dances and musical instruments.
“China is playing 10 important role on the international stage. Our children need to be equipped (具备) with all the skills, including language and cultural understanding, to be able to stay connected as they grow up,”says Suzanne Haigh, head teacher at Kensington Wade.
【答案】1. It 2. using 3. made 4. nearly 5. held 6. to 7. first 8. who/that 9. traditional 10. an
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在伦敦金斯福德社区学校进行的“汉语桥”比赛颁奖的情况，来自17各学校的140多名师生出席活动并登台表演。
1. 考查代词。句意：重要的是我们的下一代能够理解中国文化并能使用汉语工作。分析句子结构，“for our next generation to understand China’s culture and to also be able to work using the Chinese language(我们的下一代能够理解中国文化并能使用汉语工作)”在句子中做主语，可知空白处为形式主语，故填It。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句中不作谓语，应使用非谓语动词形式，因与其逻辑主语our next generation 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，需使用现在分词形式，故填using。
3. 考查时态。句意：她在汉语能力比赛“汉语桥”颁奖典礼上做了上述评论。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，应考虑时态。根据下文时间状语“at the prize-giving ceremony (典礼) for the winners of the Chinese Proficiency Competition-“Chinese Bridge”(在汉语能力比赛“汉语桥”颁奖典礼上)”可知这是一个表示过去的时间状语，所以谓语动词应使用一般过去时形式，故填made。
4. 考查副词。句意：总计有将近500名英国学生参加了这两个今年早些时候在网上举行的比赛。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语修饰谓语动词took part in，应使用副词形式，故填nearly。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句中不作谓语，应使用非谓语动词形式，因与其逻辑主语two competitions 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，需使用过去分词形式，故填held。
6. 考查介词。句意：更加重要的是，中国有着英国很多年轻人不知道的精彩的历史和文化。分析句子结构，be unknown to 为固定结构，含义为：为……不知晓，与句子表达的含义一致，故填to。
7. 考查数词。句意：在2000年，金斯福德社区学校成为了伦敦第一个把汉语科目引入课程教学的学校。根据句意以及空白处前面的定冠词the 可知句子表达的含义是：第一个，应使用序数词，故填first。
8. 考查定语从句。句意：出席活动的是来自于17个学校的140名学生，他们登台进行包括唱汉语歌、跳传统舞蹈以及弹奏乐器表演。分析句子结构，本句为复合句，从句在句子中作定语从句，因空白处在定语从句中作主语且表示人，应使用指人的关系代词引导定语从句，故填who/that。
9. 考查形容词。句意：同上。根据空白处后面的名词dances and musical instruments 可知，空白处应使用形容词作定语修饰名词，故填traditional。
10. 考查冠词。句意：中国在国际舞台上起着重要的作用。根据空白处后面的名词role 可知，空白处应使用不定冠词，因为空白处后面的形容词important 的以一个发音音素为原因，故填an。
(2)
（22-23高一下·江苏盐城·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Zuo zhuan, generally translated as Zuo Tradition, is 1 ancient Chinese narrative (叙述) history that is considered as a commentary on the ancient Chinese chronicle (编年史), the Chunqiu—the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC). The Zuo zhuan focuses mainly on political, social and military 2 (event) of China’s history. It explains its historical background, and contains much rich and lively 3 (describe) of the Spring and Autumn period history and culture. The Zuo zhuan has more Chinese sayings and idioms 4 any other classical work, and its simple flowing style came to be held as a model of elegant classical Chinese. It was, for many centuries, the primary text through 5 the Chinese gained an understanding of 6 (they) ancient history.
Although the Zuo zhuan 7 (regard) as “a masterpiece of great historical narrative” for a long time, its early textual history is largely 8 (know) and its author has been widely debated. The “Zuo” of the Zuo zhuan’s title was 9 (traditional) believed to refer to one “Zuo Qiuming”—a figure of the 5th century BC thought 10 (be) a blind student of Confucius—but there is little actual evidence to support this. Modern scholars now generally believe that the Zuo zhuan was originally an independent work finished during the latter half of the 4th century BC that was later rearranged as a commentary to the Chunqiu.
【答案】1. an 2. events 3. description 4. than 5. which 6. their 7. has been regarded 8. unknown 9. traditionally 10. to be
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是《左传》的相关信息。
1. 考查冠词。句意：《左传》，一般翻译为Zuo Tradition，是一部中国古代的叙事史，被认为是对中国古代编年史——春秋时期（公元前770-476年）的评论。narrative (叙述) history是泛指，前面要加不定冠词，ancient是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。
2. 考查名词的复数。句意：《左传》主要关注中国历史上的政治、社会和军事事件。event是可数名词，中国历史上不止一件事情，因此空格处用复数，故填events。
3. 考查名词。句意：它解释了它的历史背景，并包含了许多丰富而生动的春秋时期的历史和文化的描述。lively是形容词，修饰名词，describe的名词是description，意为“描述”，是不可数名词，故填description。
4. 考查介词。句意：《左传》包含的中国谚语和成语比其他任何经典著作都多，其简洁流畅的风格被认为是优雅文言文的典范。由空前的more可知，空格处用表示比较的介词than，故填than。
5. 考查定语从句。句意：几个世纪以来，它一直是中国人了解其古代历史的主要文本。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句，先行词text是物，因此空格处用which，故填which。
6. 考查物主代词。句意：几个世纪以来，它一直是中国人了解其古代历史的主要文本。根据语境可知，句子表示“几个世纪以来，它一直是中国人了解其古代历史的主要文本”，空格处意为“他们的”，用形容词性物主代词their修饰ancient history，故填their。
7. 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：虽然《左传》一直被认为是“伟大的历史叙事的杰作”，但其早期的文本历史在很大程度上是未知的，其作者也一直存在广泛的争议。《左传》一直被认为是“伟大的历史叙事的杰作”，由“for a long time”可知，时态是现在完成时，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，即have/has been done，主语Zuo zhuan是单数，因此空格处是has been regarded。故填has been regarded。
8. 考查形容词。句意：虽然《左传》一直被认为是“伟大的历史叙事的杰作”，但其早期的文本历史在很大程度上是未知的，其作者也一直存在广泛的争议。由“and its author has been widely debated”可知，句子表示“虽然《左传》一直被认为是“伟大的历史叙事的杰作”，但其早期的文本历史在很大程度上是未知的，其作者也一直存在广泛的争议”，空格处意为“未知的”，用形容词作表语，是unknown，故填unknown。
9. 考查副词。句意：传统上认为，《左传》标题中的“左”指的是公元前5世纪的一个名叫“左丘明”的人，他被认为是孔子的盲人学生，但几乎没有实际证据支持这一说法。空格处用副词traditionally修饰动词believed，traditionally意为“传统上”，故填traditionally。
10. 考查不定式。句意：传统上认为，《左传》标题中的“左”指的是公元前5世纪的一个名叫“左丘明”的人，他被认为是孔子的盲人学生，但几乎没有实际证据支持这一说法。sb. be thought to be是固定短语，意为“某人被认为是……”，因此空格处是to be。故填to be。
(3)
（22-23高一下·江苏泰州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s common to see a barista(咖啡师) create coffee art, but it is completely different to do 1 same thing with tea. It is called dian cha in Chinese, a tea art 2 (date) back to the Song Dynasty. Over the past six years, Han Zheming, a 40-year-old Shanghai designer, 3 (manage) to revive the ancient art form.
The process of dian cha begins 4 pouring hot water over fine powdered tea to make a paste, and then more hot water is added slowly as the tea is 5 (constant) whisked (搅拌) by hand with a bamboo stick. “The 6 (mix) usually requires whisking between 180 and 200 times before the froth appears.”
Then, one can make 7 (art) patterns in the froth. However, it isn’t easy work. Usually, the whole process 8 (expect) to be completed within 10 minutes. And the ideal state is when the tea temperature is around 40℃. It was through a year of trial and error 9 Han got the hang of dian cha.
To make the art known to more people, Han also uploaded the videos of tea-whisking and drawing onto social media platforms, including Xiaohongshu, Bilibili and Douyin, 10 attracted more than 20,000 followers.
Speaking of his understanding of this tea art, Han says it’s “to increase aestheticism” rather than change the essence of tea.
【答案】1. the 2. dating 3. has managed 4. with 5. constantly 6. mixture 7. artistic 8. is expected 9. that 10. which
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海设计师韩哲明的茶艺制作。
1. 考查冠词。句意：咖啡师创造咖啡艺术是很常见的，但用茶做同样的事却是完全不同的。根据句意可知，此处意为“相同的事”，表达为the same，故填the。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，这叫做滇茶，一种追溯到明朝的艺术。此处作定语，修饰art，art与date back to之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作后置定语，故填dating。
3. 考查时态。句意：在过去的六年里，韩哲明，一个40岁的上海设计师，成功地复活了这门古老的艺术。此处作谓语动词，根据时间状语“over the past six years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为Han Zheming，故填has managed。
4. 考查介词。句意：滇茶，先把热水倒在粉末状的茶叶上，形成糊状，然后慢慢加入更多的水，拿竹棍不断地搅拌。此处意为“以……开始”，表达为begin with，故填with。
5. 考查副词。句意：同上。此处修饰动词whisked，应用副词“constantly不断地”作状语，故填constantly。
6. 考查名词。句意：水和茶的混合通常需要搅拌180到200次才能出现泡沫。此处意为“混合物”，故应用名词mixture作主语，且根据后文的谓语动词requires可知，此处应用名词的单数形式作主语，故填mixture。
7. 考查形容词。句意：然后，就可以在泡沫中制作艺术设计了。此处修饰名词patterns，应用形容词“artistic艺术的”作定语，故填artistic。
8. 考查语态。句意：通常，整个过程需要在10分钟之内完成。此处作谓语动词，主语是the whole process，为单数，与expect之间为被动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时的被动，故填is expected。
9. 考查强调句。句意：韩经过了一年的努力才掌握了滇茶这门艺术。此处为强调句，强调状语“through a year of trial and error”，强调句型为“it was+被强调部分+that+其他”，故填that。
10. 考查定语从句。句意：为了让更多人了解这门艺术，韩将泡茶的视频上传到社交媒体上，包括小红书、哔哩哔哩和抖音，吸引了2万多个效仿者。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Han also uploaded the videos of tea-whisking and drawing onto social media platforms, including Xiaohongshu, Bilibili and Douyin,”这件事，故应用which引导，故填which。
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（22-23高一·江苏苏州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In AD79, the ancient Roman city of Pompeii, in southern Italy, 1 (destroy) by a volcanic eruption that buried many of its buildings. Archaeologists (考古学家) have been observing it for almost 300 years but now they have a new tool for 2 (understand) how Pompeii might once have looked—virtual reality(VR).
Researchers Danilo Campanaro and Giacomo Landeschi, from Lund University in Sweden, used data collected by drones (无人机) flying 3 the ruined Roman city to create a 3D computer reconstruction of one of its most 4 (impress) buildings. They then fed the reconstruction into a video game system called Unity 5 (make) a VR model. The idea is not just to recreate the buildings 6 to understand a bit more about how Roman people might have experienced them. Campanaro and Landeschi asked 7 (volunteer) to take a virtual tour of the house in both summer and winter light. The researchers used special eye-tracking technology to record 8 (exact) which areas people looked at and for how long. From this, the team concluded that the building used clever design to draw attention to objects that showed off the wealth and status of 9 (it) owner — perhaps a man called Lucius Valenius Flaccus, 10 ring was found in the ruins.
【答案】1. was destroyed 2. understanding 3. over 4. impressive 5. to make 6. but 7. volunteers 8. exactly 9. its 10. whose
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了考古学家们用新的虚拟现实技术了解庞贝城的曾经。
1. 考查时态和语态。句意：公元79年，意大利南部的古罗马城市庞贝被火山爆发摧毁，许多建筑被掩埋。此处为谓语，时间为过去，city与destroy之间存在被动关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词应用was，故填was destroyed。
2. 考查动名词。句意：考古学家们已经观察了近300年，但现在他们有了一个新的工具来了解庞贝城的曾经——虚拟现实（VR）。介词后加动名词，故填understanding。
3. 考查介词。句意：瑞典隆德大学的研究人员Danilo Campanaro和Giacomo Landeschi使用了飞越被毁的罗马城市的无人机收集的数据，为最令人印象深刻的建筑之一进行3D计算机重建。此处缺介词，fly over飞越……，固定搭配，符合题意，故填over。
4. 考查形容词。句意：瑞典隆德大学的研究人员Danilo Campanaro和Giacomo Landeschi使用了飞越被毁的罗马城市的无人机收集的数据，为最令人印象深刻的建筑之一进行3D计算机重建。此处用形容词修饰名词，和its most构成形容词最高级，修饰名词buildings，作定语，故填impressive。
5. 考查动词不定式。句意：然后，他们将重建数据输入一个名为Unity的视频游戏系统以制作一个VR模型。分析句子结构可知，此处为目的状语，应使用动词不定式，故填to make。
6. 考查固定搭配。句意：这个想法不仅仅是为了重建这些建筑，而是为了更多地了解罗马人民可能是如何体验它们的。“not...but”意为“不是，而是”，与前后语义逻辑相符，故填but。
7. 考查可数名词的复数。句意：Campanaro和Landeschi要求志愿者在夏天和冬天的光线下对房子进行虚拟游览。名词volunteer为可数名词，根据其性质，应使用其复数形式表示泛指，故填volunteers。
8. 考查副词。句意：研究人员使用特殊的眼动追踪技术来准确记录人们看了哪些区域以及看了多长时间。此处修饰动词record，应使用副词，故填exactly。
9. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：由此，研究小组得出结论，这座建筑使用了巧妙的设计，吸引了人们对其炫耀主人财富和地位的物品的关注——也许是一个名叫卢修斯·瓦列纽斯·弗拉库斯的人，他的戒指是在废墟中发现的。此处修饰名词owner，应使用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
10. 考查定语从句。句意：由此，研究小组得出结论，这座建筑使用了巧妙的设计，吸引了人们对炫耀其主人财富和地位的物品的关注——也许是一个名叫卢修斯·瓦列纽斯·弗拉库斯的人，他的戒指是在废墟中发现的。此处为关系代词引导定语从句修饰前面的人，与ring之间存在所属关系，关系词在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。
(5)
（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·期中）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the Spring Festival holiday, The Wandering Earth II, a science-fiction movie that includes some rather new concepts such as nuclear fusion (核聚变) technology and the sun’s life cycle, had a rocket-fueled box office of 2.3 billion yuan within seven days of being put on the big screen. The figure has reached 3.65 billion yuan, 1 (make) it the 10th biggest earner in Chinese box-office history.
The film 2 (arouse) hot debate among scientists and science-fiction writers since it came out. La Zi, editor-in-chief of Science Fiction World, a 43-year-old magazine, says, “Only when people are familiar 3 astronautic technologies will science fiction gain 4 (popular).”
5 (compare) to past works, both episodes of The Wandering Earth include quite a few imagined technologies that need basic scientific knowledge to understand. In the latest one, There is a “space elevator” that enables astronauts to complete their trips to space by taking an elevator instead of a rocket. On various platforms, there are discussions about 6 such an elevator is possible. For Zhou, such discussions themselves mean the public has a taste for science.
La Zi points out, too, that while pop science is 7 (main) about existing technologies, science fiction is about ones that cannot be realized in the near future. “The farther away it is from today, the 8 (wild) the writer’s imagination can be,” he says.
China is one of the leading countries for scientific research and 9 (technology) development, 10 inspires more and more young people in China in the future.
【答案】1. making 2. has aroused 3. with 4. popularity 5. Compared 6. whether 7. mainly 8. wilder 9. technological 10. which
【导语】本文是新闻报道。主要介绍了科幻电影《流浪地球2》的成绩和影响。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一数字达到了36.5亿元，使其成为中国票房史上第10大票房。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词has reached，所以make用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是前文提到的事，为主动关系，描述的是客观事实，所以应该用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填making。
2. 考查动词时态。句意：这部电影自上映以来就在科学家和科幻作家中引起了激烈的争论。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以arouse作本句谓语，主语是film，为第三人称单数，两者是主动关系，根据标志词since可知，应该用现在完成时。故填has aroused。
3. 考查介词。句意：有43年历史的《科幻世界》杂志主编喇子说:“只有当人们熟悉航天技术时，科幻小说才会流行起来。”分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：be familiar with意为“熟悉”。故填with。
4. 考查名词。句意：有43年历史的《科幻世界》杂志主编喇子说:“只有当人们熟悉航天技术时，科幻小说才会流行起来。”分析句子结构可知，本句是only开头的倒装句，gain是主句谓语，所以空处应填名词作宾语，popular的名词形式是popularity。故填popularity。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与过去的作品相比，《流浪地球》和《流浪地球2》都包含了相当多需要基本科学知识才能理解的想象技术。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词include，所以compare用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是both episodes of The Wandering Earth，两者是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Compared。
6. 考查宾语从句连接词。句意：在各个平台上，人们都在讨论这样的电梯是否可行。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，根据句意，此处表达“是否”之意，应用whether引导。故填whether。
7. 考查副词。句意：喇子还指出，流行科学主要是关于现有的技术，而科幻小说则是关于在不久的将来无法实现的技术。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰整个句子应该用副词修饰，main的副词形式是mainly。故填mainly。
8. 考查形容词。句意：离今天越远，作家的想象力就越丰富。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定句型：the+比较级，the+比较级，意为“越……，就越……”。故填wilder。
9. 考查形容词。句意：中国是科学研究和技术发展的领先国家之一，这在未来激励着越来越多的中国年轻人。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，technology的形容词形式是technological。故填technological。
10. 考查形容词。句意：中国是科学研究和技术发展的领先国家之一，这在未来激励着越来越多的中国年轻人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前的整句话，用which引导。故填which。
(6)
（22-23高一下·江苏南京·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
You already know that smoking is bad for you and that drinking too much alcohol may 1 (short) your life. Now a new study says that spending too much time in a chair and not having enough sleep should join a short list of behaviors 2 (know) to increase your risk of premature death.
Sitting for a long time and lack of sleep were damaging in their own way, but when combined with more traditional risk factors, 3 had a multiplier effect that made an early death far more likely.
The findings, published in the journal PLOS Medicine, make clear that “some risk behaviors tend to come together and 4 the joint risk could be much higher than the sum of the individual risks”.
For instance, smoking was the most dangerous risk factor among the six studied. The small number of people for 5 smoking was their only bad habit were 90 percent more likely to die during the course of the study than were people with practiced clean living in every aspect. People who reported high alcohol consumption as their only risk factor did not seem 6 (put) their lives in danger. But for those who combined heavy drinking with smoking, the risk of premature death was doubled. And when lack of sleep 7 (add) to the mix, the likelihood of an early death was nearly five times 8 (great) even though lack of sleep by itself had only a light effect 9 death.
Considering factors such as age, gender, education and other factors, the researchers saw 10 clear pattern. It was a person’s bad lifestyle that contributed to his or her risk of premature death.
【答案】1. shorten 2. known 3. they 4. that 5. whom 6. to put/to be putting/to have put 7. was added 8. greater 9. on 10. a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了懒惰和缺乏睡眠会缩短你的寿命，尤其是当两者结合在一起时，风险可能远远高于单个风险的总和。
1. 考查动词。句意：你已经知道吸烟有害健康，酗酒可能会缩短你的寿命。情态动词may后接动词原形，表示“缩短”用动词shorten。故填shorten。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在一项新的研究表明，长时间坐在椅子上和睡眠不足会增加过早死亡的风险。分析句子成分可知，宾语从句的谓语动词为“should join”，所以提示词应为非谓语动词，与逻辑主语a short list of behaviors为动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填known。
3. 考查代词。句意：久坐和睡眠不足本身就有危害，但当它们与更传统的风险因素结合在一起时，会产生乘数效应，使早死的可能性大大增加。分析句子成分可知，but后的分句中，主句缺少主语，结合句意应为代词they指代前文提到的“Sitting for a long time”和“lack of sleep”。故填they。
4. 考查宾语从句。句意：发表在《公共科学图书馆·医学》(PLOS Medicine)杂志上的研究结果明确指出，“一些风险行为往往会结合在一起，且联合风险可能远远高于单个风险的总和”。分析句子成分可知，动词短语make clear后接了两个宾语从句，第二个宾语从句成分和意义都完整，所以用只起连接作用的that，且不可以省略。故填that。
5. 考查定语从句。句意：在研究过程中，一小部分吸烟是唯一坏习惯的人死亡的可能性比在各方面都有实际清洁生活的人高90%。分析句子成分可知，“for_______smoking was their only bad habit”应为定语从句，修饰先行词people，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中充当介词“for”的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：那些将大量饮酒作为唯一危险因素的人似乎并没有将自己的生命置于危险之中。固定搭配seem to do sth. “似乎做某事”。因“大量饮酒”动作与“生命置于危险之中”动作先后情况不明显，所以可以用to do；也可以用to be doing表示前后动作几乎同时进行；也可用to have done表示先后动作顺序。故填to put/to be putting/to have put。
7. 考查时态和语态。句意：如果再加上睡眠不足，早死的可能性会增加近5倍，尽管睡眠不足本身对死亡的影响很小。分析句子成分可知，空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词was判断为一般过去时，且主语lack of sleep和add之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语不可数，助动词用was。故填was added。
8. 考查形容词比较级。句意同上。结合上下文语境可知，此处是把睡眠不足导致早死的风险和一般情况作对比，应用great的比较级greater作表语。故填greater。
9. 考查介词。句意同7小题。结合句意表达“对……有影响”应用have an effect on。故填on。
10. 考查冠词。句意：句意：考虑到年龄、性别、教育程度等因素，研究人员发现了一个清晰的模式。pattern“模式”是可数名词单数形式，此处是泛指，应添加不定冠词，且clear的发音是辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
(7)
（浙江省杭州市学军中学西溪校区2022-2023学年下学期高一期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
African savanna elephants are the largest species of elephant and the biggest animal on land. They are easily recognized by their very large ears which allow them 1 (give) off heat—and front legs which are noticeably longer than the back legs.
African savanna elephants are found in 23 countries and live in a variety of habitats 2 open and wooded grasslands to even some deserts and forests. The largest populations 3 (be) in Southern and Eastern African countries.
African savanna elephants always can be seen within the open areas where they live, so they are well studied 4 their populations are easily estimated (估算). Each family unit is 5 (usual) made up of around 10 females and their 6 (baby). Several family units often join together to form a group in 7 there are up to several hundred members 8 (lead) by a female elephant. Due to their habitat, savanna elephants are often found eating grass in a field, but they also Cat a wide variety of plants and fruits. The situation changes 9 (depend) on the time of year; during the 10 (rain) season the elephant will feed more on 专题04 语法填空
(1)
（22-23高一下·湖北武汉·期中）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the 1950s, the Egyptian government would like to build a new dam across the Nile, but the idea led to 1 (protest). This was because the new dam would likely destroy many cultural relics. With the help of the United Nations, the government established a committee to find a solution 2 the protection of Egypt’s cultural heritage. After a 3 (propose) for how the relics could 4 (save) was made, the project began in 1960. Over the next 20 years, 22 temples 5 countless cultural relics were taken down piece by piece, moved and put back together again in a place 6 they were safe from the water.
7 (complete) in 1980, the project was considered 8 great success. It was believed that it was possible for different countries 9 (work) together to build a better tomorrow. The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today. If a problem 10 (seem) too difficult for a single country, the global community can sometimes provide a solution.
(2)
（22-23高一下·湖北武汉·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Africa’s great apes (大型类人猿) could lose between 85% and 94% of their range be 2050, a new study finds.
The threats 1 their habitats include climate change, land use, and human disturbance. If the pressure continues, their range 2 (continue) to shrink and their chances of survival will also be likely to decrease. With climate change, some of their lowland habitats are becoming 3 (dry), making it more difficult for great apes to stay. Animals 4 rely on those habitats have to shift their range in order to avoid extinction. All African great apes are classified as endangered or critically endangered. They’re all considered flagship species for 5 (conserve), the researchers point out.
The researcher Jacqueline Sunderland-Groves from University of British Columbia is part of the international team that studied how these threats have 6 impact on the survival of Africa’s apes. Their research 7 (publish) in the journal Diversity and Distributions.
New plans and measures to conserve great apes need to be made in the long term and employ the best science available to guide our efforts in many 8 (aspect). This study demonstrates how we can plan for great apes, placing our efforts on minimizing habitat loss, and extending the current network of 9 (protect) areas to maintain connectivity. We still have to rewrite the future for great apes, and now we just need 10 (make) this a reality.
(3)
（22-23高一下·湖北·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the year of rabbit 2023, there is a leap February. Have you ever heard about a leap month According to the 1 (tradition) Chinese calendar (the lunar calendar), for every 19 years there will be seven leap months. Some traditions concerning the leap month 2 (hand) down for many years, 3 vary from place to place.
In some parts of Central China’s Henan province, daughters will prepare wild goose-shaped pastries (老雁馍) for their parents before the leap month comes, 4 (wish) for happiness and luck. In some part of East China’s Shandong province, the married daughters will send dough-made fish and toad (蟾蜍) 5 their parents, which means “wealth” and “health” 6 (separate).
People 7 (live) near Wuyi Mountain in East China’s Fujian province have the tradition of drinking tea during a leap month, and only women can attend. Women in the village take 8 (turn) to hold the tea party, and they drink tea while talking to one another.
Just like other festivals, 9 get-together dinner is very important among the traditions of the leap month. When a leap month comes, parents will get food 10 (prepare) and invite their daughters to return home to have dinner together.
(4)
（22-23高一下·湖北·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to the traditional Chinese calendar (日历), for every 19 years there will be seven leap months. “Leap month” 1 (refer) to a repetitive month. Rather 2 (interesting), there are two Februarys in 2023.
There are 3 variety of traditions and customs during leap month in China. They are quite 4 (fascinate) for you to explore. In some parts of East China’s Shandong province, the married daughters send toads (蟾蜍) and fish 5 (make) of dough (面团) to their parents. 6 (live) near Wuyi Mountain in East China’s Fujian province, the local people have the tradition of drinking tea at leap month, and only women 7 (allow) to take part. The daughters who are married usually buy pig’s feet and thin noodles for their parents, 8 is unique for people in Southeast China’s Taiwan province. Various historical and cultural factors have contributed 9 the diverse customs. Do they successfully arouse your 10 (curious) The leap February has arrived. Are you prepared with your gifts
(5)
（22-23高一下·湖北荆州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Bullet trains tailored (量身定做) for the high-speed railway network linking the Indonesian cities of Jakarta and Bandung are unveiled (公开) in Eastern China, marking an important milestone of the project 1 preparing for the line’s scheduled opening, China Railway International says.
A total of 11 sets of bullet trains and an inspection train, all adopting Chinese standards, are showcased in Qingdao, Shandong Province. They 2 (ship) to Indonesia soon.
According to China Railway International, a subsidiary (子公司) of China State Railway Group, 3 is overseeing the project, the trains, designed and developed by CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co, Ltd, are based on 4 (advance) and mature technologies of China-made Fuxing bullet trains which operate at the speed of 350 km per hour. The CRRC has also made 5 (change) to adapt to the local environment and routes, as well as incorporating (融入) Indonesia’s cultural elements 6 (give) passengers more comfortable traveling experience.
The 243-kilometer-line, 7 landmark project of the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative, 8 (begin) construction in 2018 and is expected to open to traffic in June, 2023.
With trains capable of 9 (reach) speeds of up to 350 km per hour, the line will cut the journey between Jakarta and the capital of Indonesia’s West Java Province from over three hours 10 just 40 minutes.
(6)
（22-23高一下·湖北武汉·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The sci-fi movie The Wandering Earth Ⅱ has attracted great attention these days. Many of the movie audiences praise it a lot and almost every one of them 1 (strike) with the science and technology in it, 2 (particular) the space elevators (电梯) that send people to space.
The key to 3 (build) space elevators is to find a super strong material that can be used as the elevator cable (缆绳). The material needs to maintain good 4 (perform) when exposed to special conditions in space. It might be many years 5 space elevators could actually become a reality. Still, the discussion of this technology itself accurately reflects the ambition of humans in the research and development of material science.
Over the past weeks, many audiences 6 (show) great interest in the details and technologies in the movie. 7 number of scientists and researchers joined online discussions in an attempt 8 (explain) the possibilities of the technologies in the movie.
The movie’s science consultant said, “Discussions on the movie not only show support for Chinese movies 9 fire more people’s enthusiasm (热情) for science and technology and give them a chance to get to know 10 (relate) knowledge of science and technology behind the movie.”
(7)
（广东省深圳市翠园中学2022-2023学年高一下学期4月期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I’d never heard of the yangqin, 1 18th century Chinese stringed instrument, until this past Sunday on April 11, 2021, when I had the pleasure of hearing music master Wenzhuo Zhang perform on it in a virtual concert.
Wenzhuo, a Chinese native, began her training on the yangqin 2 she was only 5. At 13, Wenzhuo 3 (win) a scholarship to the Arts School of Hebei Province; the 4 (high) competitive program only accepted a single yangqin student every two years. After graduation, she placed first in nationwide auditions and 5 (admit) into the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts in Beijing, 6 she was awarded her bachelor’s in yangqin performance in 2005.
Wenzhuo performed four pieces, three tracing their 7 (origin) to centuries old Chinese composers, and one from the modern era. Needless to say, Wenzhuo’s performances sounded gorgeous. The yangqin is a unique and beautiful instrument and its sound, 8 (combine) with Wenzhuo’s musical ability, allowed the four greatly different pieces to stand together. I believe it serves 9 a wonderful introduction to the instrument.
It was 10 (fascinate) to learn about the yangqin and a joy to watch Wenzhuo perform on it from the comfort of my home. It was really quite a relief from my daily care.
(8)
（22-23高一下·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Su Shi, a famous scholar of the Song Dynasty, was 1 (high) thought of in poetry, prose and painting.
At the age of 21, his fresh prose style earned him the 2 (recognize) of Ouyang Xiu. Xiu, a Chinese historian and politician of the Song dynasty, 3 (say) that Su Shi’s writings were outstanding, which made Su Shi instantly famous. However, before Su Shi’s political dream was realized, he had to leave his position and return home.
With his dreams 4 (cut) short, Su Shi started to focus on nature. In the spring of 1082, he took an outing with his friends. When 5 sudden shower of rain made his companions rush for shelter, Su Shi burst into laughter as if completely unaware of the rain.
Along both sides of the path were growing trees, 6 leaves made soft sounds as the rain-drops fell. With wet clothes, he walked along, 7 (sing) a happy song. Then an idea struck him: “Shall go through this life in a 8 (peace) mind, if only wearing a straw rain cape (蓑衣).”
Su Shi’s optimistic and open-minded attitude 9 life ensured his advancement despite political ups and downs. Expressed in his poetry and essay, which have been passed down through generations, such an attitude has truly inspired us 10 (keep) a broad mind and persist in our struggle against all difficulties.
(9)
（广东实验中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 2 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3 can be to eat out. I still remember 4 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 5 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 6 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 7 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 9 (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 10 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
(10)
（22-23高一下·广东江门·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On a weekend in early October, Hu Wenjue and a group of children gathered in a wetland park. Hu pointed at a wild bird and spoke in a low voice while the children were listening 1 (careful).
Hu is a pioneer in nature education in Hefei, Anhui Province. He 2 (found) an organization five years ago to offer several nature-based 3 (program) for children under 12 years old. Through various outdoor activities, such as 4 (identify) plants and exploring forests, nature education aims 5 (reach) participants, mostly urban residents, how to appreciate, respect and live in harmony 6 nature.
“Respecting the laws of nature and coexisting with nature harmoniously, we could change our lifestyle for the 7 (good) and it is a virtuous cycle (良性循环),” Hu said. He hopes to see more people protect nature 8 promote green development and ecological civilization in China.
In recent years, China has seen great development in nature education, 9 is nourished (滋养) by the country’s rich natural resources such as nature reserves, forest parks, wetland parks and geological parks.
“Nature is generous to us if we give 10 (protect) to her, and don’t forget that we all belong to nature,” Hu said.
(11)
（广东省华侨中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has adopted digital technology 1 (preserve) ancient cliff (悬崖) carvings and paintings before their disappearance.
Workers have copied more than 2,000 immovable rock carvings and paintings at Helan Mountain to digitalize the overall views as well as 2 (they) accurate locations. The digital information will be sorted and-workers will conduct a disease analysis.
Rock carvings 3 (appear) before writing systems were invented. Now, more than 20, 000 cliff paintings and carvings 4 were created by the ancestors have been discovered at Helan Mountain. The works record the lives of the people who lived 3, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. In general, 5 (image) of animals dominate(占主要地位), followed 6 humans, vehicles, plants, planets, fingerprints and abstract signs. The surfaces were 7 (main) carved with stone or metal in the open air, 8 (expose) to weather beaten.
The protection of rock paintings and carvings is a worldwide issue. At present, there is no 9 (effect), naturally scientific and technological means to prevent their disappearance. Some experts have predicted that by the end of this century, 10 quarter of the world’s rock paintings will disappear completely.
(12)
（22-23高一下·广东·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Classical Chinese garden design aims to create a natural landscape and thinks highly of the perfect harmony between man and nature.
A Chinese garden is like a scroll (卷轴) painting, 1 (show) a series of carefully composed scenes. New views are showed as one visitor 2 (walk) along the paths. In the gardens, you can see some winding paths 3 seemingly lead to nowhere. There, a path seems to end, but all of a sudden, a new world is rolled out before you: pavilions (亭子), rock formations, spring waters — all combined to provide a pleasant surprise! At the 4 (enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall 5 (use) to produce unimaginable delight when you turn around the wall. A Chinese garden may have windows on all 6 (it) four walls. And it is interesting that 7 the windows, visitors may see different views at different angles.
A Chinese garden is where culture is both created 8 enjoyed. All plants mark the shift of the 9 (season). Water and rock 10 (similar) create the balance of nature’s yin and yang.
(1)
（23-24高一下·浙江嘉兴·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“China is at the center of many developments. 1 is important for our next generation to understand China’s culture and to also be able to work 2 (use) the Chinese language,”says Joan Deslandes, head teacher of Kingsford Community School in East London.
She 3 (make) the comments at the prize-giving ceremony (典礼) for the winners of the Chinese Proficiency Competition-“Chinese Bridge”. In total, 4 (near) 500 British students took part in the two competitions 5 (hold) earlier this year online.
“But more important is that China has a wonderful history and culture that is unknown 6 many of the young people in the UK. I feel it will be good to their development if they learn the language,“she says.
In 2000, Kingsford became the 7 (one) school in Britain to introduce Chinese language courses into its curriculum.
Present at the event were around 140 students and teachers from 17 schools 8 put on performances (表演) on the stage, including Chinese songs, 9 (tradition) dances and musical instruments.
“China is playing 10 important role on the international stage. Our children need to be equipped (具备) with all the skills, including language and cultural understanding, to be able to stay connected as they grow up,”says Suzanne Haigh, head teacher at Kensington Wade.
(2)
（22-23高一下·江苏盐城·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Zuo zhuan, generally translated as Zuo Tradition, is 1 ancient Chinese narrative (叙述) history that is considered as a commentary on the ancient Chinese chronicle (编年史), the Chunqiu—the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC). The Zuo zhuan focuses mainly on political, social and military 2 (event) of China’s history. It explains its historical background, and contains much rich and lively 3 (describe) of the Spring and Autumn period history and culture. The Zuo zhuan has more Chinese sayings and idioms 4 any other classical work, and its simple flowing style came to be held as a model of elegant classical Chinese. It was, for many centuries, the primary text through 5 the Chinese gained an understanding of 6 (they) ancient history.
Although the Zuo zhuan 7 (regard) as “a masterpiece of great historical narrative” for a long time, its early textual history is largely 8 (know) and its author has been widely debated. The “Zuo” of the Zuo zhuan’s title was 9 (traditional) believed to refer to one “Zuo Qiuming”—a figure of the 5th century BC thought 10 (be) a blind student of Confucius—but there is little actual evidence to support this. Modern scholars now generally believe that the Zuo zhuan was originally an independent work finished during the latter half of the 4th century BC that was later rearranged as a commentary to the Chunqiu.
(3)
（22-23高一下·江苏泰州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s common to see a barista(咖啡师) create coffee art, but it is completely different to do 1 same thing with tea. It is called dian cha in Chinese, a tea art 2 (date) back to the Song Dynasty. Over the past six years, Han Zheming, a 40-year-old Shanghai designer, 3 (manage) to revive the ancient art form.
The process of dian cha begins 4 pouring hot water over fine powdered tea to make a paste, and then more hot water is added slowly as the tea is 5 (constant) whisked (搅拌) by hand with a bamboo stick. “The 6 (mix) usually requires whisking between 180 and 200 times before the froth appears.”
Then, one can make 7 (art) patterns in the froth. However, it isn’t easy work. Usually, the whole process 8 (expect) to be completed within 10 minutes. And the ideal state is when the tea temperature is around 40℃. It was through a year of trial and error 9 Han got the hang of dian cha.
To make the art known to more people, Han also uploaded the videos of tea-whisking and drawing onto social media platforms, including Xiaohongshu, Bilibili and Douyin, 10 attracted more than 20,000 followers.
Speaking of his understanding of this tea art, Han says it’s “to increase aestheticism” rather than change the essence of tea.
(4)
（22-23高一·江苏苏州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In AD79, the ancient Roman city of Pompeii, in southern Italy, 1 (destroy) by a volcanic eruption that buried many of its buildings. Archaeologists (考古学家) have been observing it for almost 300 years but now they have a new tool for 2 (understand) how Pompeii might once have looked—virtual reality(VR).
Researchers Danilo Campanaro and Giacomo Landeschi, from Lund University in Sweden, used data collected by drones (无人机) flying 3 the ruined Roman city to create a 3D computer reconstruction of one of its most 4 (impress) buildings. They then fed the reconstruction into a video game system called Unity 5 (make) a VR model. The idea is not just to recreate the buildings 6 to understand a bit more about how Roman people might have experienced them. Campanaro and Landeschi asked 7 (volunteer) to take a virtual tour of the house in both summer and winter light. The researchers used special eye-tracking technology to record 8 (exact) which areas people looked at and for how long. From this, the team concluded that the building used clever design to draw attention to objects that showed off the wealth and status of 9 (it) owner — perhaps a man called Lucius Valenius Flaccus, 10 ring was found in the ruins.
(5)
（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·期中）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the Spring Festival holiday, The Wandering Earth II, a science-fiction movie that includes some rather new concepts such as nuclear fusion (核聚变) technology and the sun’s life cycle, had a rocket-fueled box office of 2.3 billion yuan within seven days of being put on the big screen. The figure has reached 3.65 billion yuan, 1 (make) it the 10th biggest earner in Chinese box-office history.
The film 2 (arouse) hot debate among scientists and science-fiction writers since it came out. La Zi, editor-in-chief of Science Fiction World, a 43-year-old magazine, says, “Only when people are familiar 3 astronautic technologies will science fiction gain 4 (popular).”
5 (compare) to past works, both episodes of The Wandering Earth include quite a few imagined technologies that need basic scientific knowledge to understand. In the latest one, There is a “space elevator” that enables astronauts to complete their trips to space by taking an elevator instead of a rocket. On various platforms, there are discussions about 6 such an elevator is possible. For Zhou, such discussions themselves mean the public has a taste for science.
La Zi points out, too, that while pop science is 7 (main) about existing technologies, science fiction is about ones that cannot be realized in the near future. “The farther away it is from today, the 8 (wild) the writer’s imagination can be,” he says.
China is one of the leading countries for scientific research and 9 (technology) development, 10 inspires more and more young people in China in the future.
(6)
（22-23高一下·江苏南京·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
You already know that smoking is bad for you and that drinking too much alcohol may 1 (short) your life. Now a new study says that spending too much time in a chair and not having enough sleep should join a short list of behaviors 2 (know) to increase your risk of premature death.
Sitting for a long time and lack of sleep were damaging in their own way, but when combined with more traditional risk factors, 3 had a multiplier effect that made an early death far more likely.
The findings, published in the journal PLOS Medicine, make clear that “some risk behaviors tend to come together and 4 the joint risk could be much higher than the sum of the individual risks”.
For instance, smoking was the most dangerous risk factor among the six studied. The small number of people for 5 smoking was their only bad habit were 90 percent more likely to die during the course of the study than were people with practiced clean living in every aspect. People who reported high alcohol consumption as their only risk factor did not seem 6 (put) their lives in danger. But for those who combined heavy drinking with smoking, the risk of premature death was doubled. And when lack of sleep 7 (add) to the mix, the likelihood of an early death was nearly five times 8 (great) even though lack of sleep by itself had only a light effect 9 death.
Considering factors such as age, gender, education and other factors, the researchers saw 10 clear pattern. It was a person’s bad lifestyle that contributed to his or her risk of premature death.
(7)
（浙江省杭州市学军中学西溪校区2022-2023学年下学期高一期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
African savanna elephants are the largest species of elephant and the biggest animal on land. They are easily recognized by their very large ears which allow them 1 (give) off heat—and front legs which are noticeably longer than the back legs.
African savanna elephants are found in 23 countries and live in a variety of habitats 2 open and wooded grasslands to even some deserts and forests. The largest populations 3 (be) in Southern and Eastern African countries.
African savanna elephants always can be seen within the open areas where they live, so they are well studied 4 their populations are easily estimated (估算). Each family unit is 5 (usual) made up of around 10 females and their 6 (baby). Several family units often join together to form a group in 7 there are up to several hundred members 8 (lead) by a female elephant. Due to their habitat, savanna elephants are often found eating grass in a field, but they also Cat a wide variety of plants and fruits. The situation changes 9 (depend) on the time of year; during the 10 (rain) season the elephant will feed more on grass than during the dry season.
(8)
（22-23高一下·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Enlightenment (启示) can show up in some pretty strange ways. The Buddha found it under a Boddhi tree and Nelson Mandela in prison. It doesn’t matter where and how it happens. What matters is that it does happen. Little did I know, 1 (I) would arrive in the form of a hard-shelled animal trying to cross the road—a turtle. But this wasn’t just any turtle; this was the world’s most optimistic one. He determined to cross twenty feet of tar (柏油) road as cars drove past quickly.
I thought 2 crazy to cross the road that way, the little one couldn’t 3 (realize) the danger, though. But today was his lucky day. My wife’s quick driving reflexes (反应) not only ensured that “turtle soup” would not be for dinner that night, 4 her act of kindness would eventually become the foundation for everything I teach today. As unusual as this sounds, the simple act of pulling over our car, removing this little turtle from harm’s way, and placing him back into the wild, caused something extraordinary 5 (happen) inside of me.
As I stood there holding this tiny creature in my hands, a wave of pure delight came over me. It was that warm, teary-eyed feeling 6 was felt during life’s greatest moments, like falling in love or the birth of a child. I honestly felt as if my heart was completely opening up as everything stood still around me.
In no way would I have described it as “enlightenment”, but there was no doubt about it—helping this little turtle just felt so good!
But why After all, it’s just a turtle, right And then it hit me. I finally realized what was happening. If it 7 (not be) for the turtle, I wouldn’t have got the feeling. At that point, a flood of 8 (inspire) thoughts ran through me. I walked back to the car, opened my journal and wrote eight words that would later prove to be life changing for me: “kindness creates happiness and live a life of kindness”.
It was the answer I 9 (look) for for so long. The secret 10 inner peace and lasting happiness was kindness.
(9)
（22-23高一下·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people are 1 (confuse) about the meaning of the names: the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain and England. 2 (solve) this puzzle, it is necessary for people to know a little bit about British history.
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 3 (join) to the Kingdom of England, followed by the country Scotland in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the 4 (south) part of Ireland broke away 5 the UK, resulting in the full name we have today: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, 6 means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
Even though the four countries 7 (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas, such as using the same flag, sharing the same currency and military 8 (defend), they also have some differences. Anyhow, the United Kingdom has 9 long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and 10 (it) traditions.
(10)
（湖北省宜昌市2021-2022学年高一英语下学期期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1 (attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 2 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter 6 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 10 other is with mum—she never suspects.
(11)
（22-23高一下·浙江·期中）阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式.
Hangzhou art exhibitions paint the wonders of Southern Song Dynasty
Hangzhou, capital city of Zhejiang province, East China, was the political, economic and cultural center more than 800 years ago, when it 1 (serve) as the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279).
A gathering of outstanding intellectuals, scholars, and artists lifted the city’s culture and art to a new peak, casting 2 long-standing influence in Chinese history that has lasted to present day.
3 (mark) this booming scene, five exhibitions opened at the art museum of China Academy of Art in Hangzhou on Saturday. Paintings and calligraphic pieces from different periods of time 4 (be) now on show to showcase the Song era to audiences, 5 to help them understand how Chinese cultural traditions have been passed on throughout centuries.
The center exhibition of the five is Embrace the Landscape, 6 brings together 37 classic paintings — 10 of them dated to Song Dynasty (960-1279)—borrowed 7 major museums across the country. It provides an enactment (呈现) of the landscapes and 8 (society) and cultural lives led by people in Southern Song, in Hangzhou, then called Lin’an, and neighboring areas in Jiangnan, a term 9 (refer) to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Through these objects one will also see the cultural lineage that has been passed on since the Tang Dynasty (618-906) and has been further developed by the elite communities in Song, and how their accomplishments continued to guide and inspire artists in the following 10 (dynasty).
(12)
（22-23高一下·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists in Antarctica have made a surprising and welcome 1 (discover) — the world’s largest breeding (繁殖) ground for fish. Researchers from Germany came across the fish while 2 (make) a map of the seabed of the Antarctic Weddell Sea. They found around 60 million icefish breeding in an area about 240 square kilometers. The research team had been setting down a number of 3 (camera) to a depth of 530 meters under the Wed-dell Sea for months. “Such a huge breeding area of icefish in the Weddell Sea was previously undiscovered, and it is totally 4 (attract),” said Autun Purser, 5 deep-sea biologist.
The researchers have been exploring the region (区域) hoping 6 (establish) it as an official Marine Protected Area. They say the seas are a unique habitat that must 7 (preserve). They want to prevent fishing and some other scientific research 8 polluting the waters. A recent University of Cambridge study found that fishing in Antarctica is bringing millions of other species from 1,500 ports around the globe, 9 are threatening the area’s special eco-system. Autun said, “So far, the remoteness (偏僻) and difficult sea-ice conditions of Antarctica 10 (protect) it, but we must keep in mind that we should be very careful with oceanic conservation.”

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