资源简介

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Unit 10 You
’
re supposed to shake hands.
)

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知识重难点
)
1. 能听懂谈论各国风俗习惯的对话；
2. 能简单描述自己国家的风俗习惯；
3. 掌握be supposed to sth.和be expected to do sth.的用法；
4. 掌握It + be + adj. +to do sth.句型。
重点单词及短语：
custom bow kiss greet relaxed value
capital noon mad effort passport chalk
blackboard northern coast season knock eastern
worth manner empty basic exchange behave
except gradually suggestion Brazil granddaughter
1. for the first time 首次；初次 2. shake hands (with sb.) (与某人)握手
3. how about... ……怎么样/如何 4. the wrong way 以错误的方式；错误地
5. as soon as 一……就…… 6. hold out 伸出(手等)
7. each other 互相 8. find out 发现；找出；查明
9. a little late 有点儿晚 10. drop by 顺便访问
11. have to 必须；不得不 12. make plans 制订计划
13. as...as one can/could 尽可能…… 14. on time准时，按时
15. the capital of... ……的首都/国都 16. at noon 在中午
17. get mad 大动肝火；气愤 18. something interesting 有趣的事情
19. clean off 把……擦掉 20. take off脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞
21. table manners餐桌礼仪 22. stick...into... 把……插人……
23. point at 指着 24. thanks for... 因……而感谢
25. have a great time 玩得高兴，过得愉快
26. make...feel at home 使(某人)感到宾至如归
27. talk to sb. 和某人说话 28. in French 用法语
29. because of 因为；由于 30. at first 最初；首先
31. cut up 切碎 32. be like 像
33. show up 出席；露面
用法集萃：
1.be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
2. be expected to do sth. 应该做某事，被期望做某事
3. to one’s surprise 使/让某人吃惊的是
4. make plans to do sth. 制订计划做某事
5. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
6. make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
7. keep sb. doing sth. 让/使某人一直做某事
8. without doing sth. 没有做某事
9. plan to do sth 计划做某事
10. want to do sth. 想要做某事
11. start doing sth. 开始做某事
12. go out of one’s way 特地；格外努力
13. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
14. get/be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
15. find it + adj. +to do sth. 发现做某事是……的
16. look forward to dong sth. 盼望/期待做某事
Section A
语法突破：be supposed to do sth. 与 be expected to do sth.结构
【教材典句】
1. You’re supposed to shake hands. 你应该握手。
2. You're not supposed to kiss. 你不应该亲吻(对方)。
3. In the United States, they’re expected to shake hands. 在美国，他们应该握手。
以上三个句子中，句1、句2都是含有be supposed to do sth.结构的句子，句3是含有be expected to do sth.结构的句子。
【语法全解】
短语 意义 用法 例句
be supposed to do sth. “应该做某事”，当于should/ought to do sth. 二者都用来表示根据规定或传统习惯人们不得不做某事，可进行互换。二者中的to均为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形，be随人称和时态的变化而变化 You're supposed to make noise while eat noodles You're expected to make noise while eating noodles.
be expected to do sth. “应该做某事，被期望做某事”
1. 当be supposed to...的主语是人时，意为“应该/被期望……”，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。
You’re supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the classroom.
如果你想离开教室的话，应该问问老师。
2. 当be supposed to...的主语是物时，意为“本应，本该”，用于表示某事本应该发生而没有发生。
The meeting is supposed to take place on Tuesday but we have to put it off.
这次会议本应在星期二举行，但我们不得不把它推迟了。
3. was/were supposed to do sth.相当于should have done sth.表示“(过去)本应该做某事而实际上并没有做”
You were supposed to arrive here at 6 00. 你本应6:00到这儿。
4. be supposed to...还可表示“被认为……；被相信是……”。
They are supposed to be very clever. 他们被认为很聪明。
This house is supposed to be his. 这所房子被认为是他的。
5. be supposed to...的否定结构为be not supposed to...，它常用于口语中，意为“不被许可……；不应当……”。
You are not supposed to do that. 你不应当做那件事。
6. be expected to do sth.比be supposed to do sth.的主观性更强。
You’re expected to do your duty. 你应该恪尽职责。
expect及物动词，意为“期望；预料；期待”，后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或从句。其常用结构expect to do sth. 意为“期待做某事”。expect sb. to do sth.意为“期待某人做某事”。
I expect a letter from my family. 我期待一封家书。
She expects to come back next week. 她预计下个星期回来。
I expect you to do sour duty. 我期望你能尽职尽责。
I expect that I'll be back on Sunday. 我预计星期天回来。
1. Customs风俗习惯
custom名词，意为“风俗，习俗”；指个人习惯时，常用作单数，相当于habit。
Social customs are different from country to country. 各国的社会风俗是不同的。
Eating hot dogs is an American custom. 吃热狗是美国人的一种习俗。
It is her custom/habit to take a walk after supper. 晚饭后散步是她的习惯。
辨析custom与habit
custom 某个民族或社会在发展过程中长期沿袭下来的礼节、风俗和习惯 The Japanese customs are different from the Chinese ones. 日本的风俗习惯与中国的不同。
habit 一个人常做某事，久而久之形成的习惯 Nail-biting is one of her bad habits. 咬指甲是她的一个坏习惯。
2. shake hands握手，为固定短语。
其中shake既可用竹及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“摇动；抖动”。其过去式和过去分词为不规则变化，分别为shook，shaken。
He shook his head sadly. 他难过地摇了摇头。
shake hands with sb./shake sb.by the hand意为“与某人握手”，而shake one’s hand则指“握某人的手”，强调一方的动作，故hand用单数。
We usually shake hands with each other. 我们通常相互握手。
She shook the boy's hand and patted him on the shoulder lightly.
她握了握那个男孩的手，并轻轻地拍了一下他的肩膀。
3. They’re supposed to bow. 他们应该鞠躬。
bow此处用作不及物动词，意为“鞠躬”，常与to或before连用，意为“向某人鞠躬”。bow也可用作及物动词，意为“低(头)”。作名词，意为“弓；蝴蝶结；鞠躬”，make/take a bow 鞠躬。
The speaker bowed to/before the listeners. 演讲者向听众鞠躬。
She bowed her head. 她低下了头。
4. happen作不及物动词，用法如下
（1）sth. happens+时间/地点 意为“某时/某地发生了某事”。
An accident happened in our neighborhood just now.
刚才我们社区发生了一起事故。
（2）sth. happens to sb 意为“某人发生了某事”。
A car accident happened to David yesterday. 昨天David出了车祸。
（3）sb. happen to do sth 意为“某人碰巧做某事”。
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
注意：happen为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。
这个故事发生在上周。
误 The story was happened last week
正 The story happened last week
辨析happen与take place
happen (偶然)发生。可用来指某个事件突然发生，强调偶然性，主语往往是表示事件、事故等的名词
take place 发生举行。常指某事按规律、预先布置或按计划发生或进行，尤指“举行”，不含偶然的意味
If anything happens to the machine, please let me know.
如果机器出了什么问题，请通知我。
The meeting will take place on Monday afternoon. 会议将于星期一下午举行。
Can you tell me what happened _____ him just now
A. with B. for C. to D. at
解析：sth. happens to sb为固定句型，意为“某人发生了某事”，故选C。句意你能告诉我他刚才发生了什么事吗 答案C。
5. Finally, I returned the bow. 最后我鞠躬还礼了。
finally副词，意为“最后；终于”。其同义词组为in the end或at last。在句中作状语，通常位于句首、句末或实义动词之前，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。
Finally they got to the village. 最后他们到达了那个村庄。
辨析finally, at last 与 in the end
finally “最后”，只指一系列事件或论点的顺序节一般不带感彩
at last “最后，终于”，有时可与finally互换，但往往表示一番拖延和曲折之后终于做成了某事，因而带有较浓厚的感彩，如不耐烦、不放心、不如愿等
in the end “终于”，可用于预测未来，finally，at last则不能
He tried many times, and finally succeeded. 他尝试了多次，最后成功了。
At last I have got my wish. 我的愿望终于实现了。
He will be a scientist in the end. 最终他将成为一名科学家。
6. I held out my nana hand to my surprise, she kissed me on both sides of my face!
我伸出手(想要握手)，可令我吃惊的是，她亲吻了我的双颊!
(1)to one's surprise意为“使/让某人吃惊的是”。其中surprise用作名词，意为“惊奇，诧异”。
To my surprise, she got a perfect score in the English exam.
使我吃惊的是，她在英语考试中得了满分。
I have a surprise for you. 我要告诉你一件意想不到的事。
【拓展】in surprise惊奇地
Rose looked at her mother in surprise. 罗丝惊奇地看着她母亲。
be surprised at.. 对……感到吃惊
We are very surprised at the news. 听到这个消息，我们非常吃惊。
be surprised to do sth. 做某事令人感到惊讶
I was surprised to see you here. 在这里见到你我很惊讶。
(2)kiss此处用作动词，意为“亲吻”，其后可接人作宾语，若需进一步说出所亲吻的部位，再用介词on引人，即kiss sb. on...。
Do people in Britain kiss when they meet 英国人见面时亲吻吗
She kissed him on the lips. 她吻了吻他的嘴唇。
【拓展】kiss还可用作名词，意为“吻”。
Come here and give me a kiss! 过来亲亲我吧!
7. 辨析find out，look for与find
find out 发现；找出；查明 多指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相，通过调查找出原因，或发现秘密、找出错误等，通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义
look for 寻找 有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作
find 找到 通常指找到或发现具体的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况，强调“找”的结果
We must find out the truth of the matter. 我们必须查明事情真相。
I can't find my pen I'm looking for it everywhere.
我找不到我的钢笔，我正在到处找。
The window was broken. Try to ____ who has broken it.
A. find B. look C. find out D. look for
解析：look为不及物动词，其后不能直接加宾语，排除B项；find，发现找到，强调找的结果；find out指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相，通过调查找出原因，或发现秘密、找出错误等；look for寻找，强调找的过程。根据句意：窗户(玻璃)打破了，尽量找出是谁打破的。可知此处表示经过调查查明真相，故选C。
We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives.
我们珍惜日常生活中和家人、朋友一起度过的时光。
(1)value此处用作及物动词，意为“重视；珍视”。
I value friendship very highly. 我非常珍惜友情。
【拓展】value用作名词，意为“价值”，其形容词形式为valuable，意为“贵重的，重要的；有益的，有用的”。
Such a magazine has little value except when you have time to kill.
像这样的杂志除了消磨时间以外并没有什么价值。
(2) spend time with sb. 意为“和某人一起度过时光”。spend此处意为“度过”。
He usually spends time with his children on weekends.
在周末他通常和他的孩子们一起度过时光。
How did you spend your summer vacation 你是如何度过暑假的
We often just drop by our friends’ homes if we have time.
如果有时间，我们经常顺便到朋友的家里拜访。
drop by意为“顺便拜访；随便进人”，后可接表示地点的名词，也可接表示人的名词。
Drop by if you are free. 如果你有空，顺便来玩吧。
I just dropped by you. 我只是顺便来看看你。
【拓展】drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人 drop in at+地点 顺便拜访某地
Would you drop in on us this evening for a chat 你今晚过来和我们聊聊好吗
He dropped in at the factory on his way home.
在回家的路上，他顺便去了那家工厂。
We don’t usually have to make plans to meet our friends.
我们通常不必刻意安排与朋友见面。
make plans意为“制订计划”。此处plan为可数名词，意为“计划”，还可用作动词，意为“计划，打算”。make plans/a plan to do sth. 意为“计划做某事”，相当于plan to do sth.。
We make plans to have a good holiday.=We plan to have a good holiday.
我们计划度过一个愉快的假期。
11. In Switzerland, it’s very important to be on time. 在瑞士，守时是非常重要的。
on time意为“准时，按时”。。
The passengers get on the plane on time. 乘客准时登机。
Please don't be e to my party on time. 请别迟到，准时来参加我的聚会。
【拓展】in time意为“及时”。
He was just in time for the meeting. 他正好赶上那个会议。
at times意为“有时”，相当于sometimes。
I go to school without breakfast at times. 有时我不吃早饭就去上学。
by the time...意为“到……时候；到……之前”。。
By the time we got to the cinema, the film had begun.
我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
at the same time意为“同时”。
The twins always get up at the same time. 这对双胞胎总是同时起床。
12. We’re the capital of clocks and watches, after all!
(1)the capital of意为“……的首都/国都”。其中capital用作可数名词，意为“首都；国都”。
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
(2)after all意为“毕竟；终究”，可位于句首、句中或句末。位于句首时含有“别忘了”之意，用来说服或提醒对方。
I thought I was going to fail the exam, but I passed after all.
我本以为我会考试不及格，但我最终通过了。
After all, he is your father. 毕竟他是你的父亲。
If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad.
即使你只迟到了15分钟，你的朋友也可能会很生气。
(1)get mad意为“大动肝火；气愤”，强调动作和过程；而be mad意为“感到很生气”，表示状态。
Tom was late again. His teacher got mad. Tom又迟到了，他的老师非常生气。
This morning she was a little mad. 今天早上她有点儿生气。
(2)mad形容词，意为“很生气；疯的”。其短语be/get mad at/with sb.意为“生某人的气”，相当于be/get angry with sb.；be/get mad about sth. 意为“因某事而生气”。
Please don’t be/get mad with me. 请别生我的气。
She’s mad at me for being late. 我迟到了，她生我的气了。
We’re all mad about the noise. 我们都对噪音感到气愤。
So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends.
所以我与朋友见面时我努力做到守时。
(1)make an effort to do sth.意为“努力做某事”。
Please make an effort to finish it on time. 请努力按时完成。
(2)effort名词，意为“努力；尽力”。。
All their efforts were in vain. 他们的努力全都白费了。
15. keep sb. doing sth. 意为“让/使某人一直做某事”。
I sorry, I have kept you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了。
【拓展】在“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，keep为及物动词，意为“使……保持某种状态”。宾语补足语可以是形容词、副词、动词-ing形式或介词短语。
Keep+人/物+形容词
We must keep our room clean. 我们必须保持房间干净。
Keep+人/物+副词
Don't keep him away from school. 别让他离开学校。
Keep+人/物+动词ing形式
The boss kept the workers working for ten hours a day.
老板让工人们一天工作10个小时。
Keep+人/物+介词短语
Don't keep your books in the box. 别把你的书放在箱子里。
As we all know, it's not polite to keep others _____ for a long time.
A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting
解析：固定搭配法。keep sb. doing sth.。句意我们都知道，让别人等很长时间是不礼貌的。答案D
16. After class, students are supposed to/are expected to clean the chalk off the blackboard. 课后，学生们应该把黑板上的粉笔字擦掉。
(1)clean off意为“把……擦掉”，为动词十副词型短语，人称代词作宾语时，只能放在两词中间；名词作宾语时，可放在两词中间，也可放在副词之后。
I wanted to clean off these black marks. =I wanted to clean these black marks off.
我想把这些黑点擦掉。
Please clean them off. 请把它们擦掉。
clean的其他常见短语：
clean out 把……内部彻底打扫干净 clean up打扫(或清除)干净
(2)chalk名词，意为“粉笔”。表示数量时常用...piece(s) of。
a piece of chalk一支粉笔 a box of colored chalks一盒彩色粉笔
If you visit the northern coast of Norway during the winter season, it is important to pack warm clothes.
如果你在冬季游览挪威的北海岸，装上暖和的衣服是重要的。
（1）northern形容词，意为“北方的；北部的”。它是由名词north(北，北方)加-ern构成的形容词。
She lives in the northern pat of China. 她住在中国的北部。
表示方位的名词，在词尾加-ern可构成形容词
east(n. 东，东方)一eastern(adj. 东方的；东部的)
west(n. 西，西方)一western(adj. 西方的西部的)
south(n. 南，南方)一southern(adj. 南方的；南部的)
(2)coast可数名词，意为“海岸；海滨”。
I used to live in a small village on the coast. 我以前住在海滨的一个小村子里。
(3)season可数名词，意为“季节”。
This is not the season for harvesting. 这不是收获的季节。
18. If there are people in the meeting room, you are supposed to/are expected to knock before entering. 如果会议室里有人，你进入之前应该敲门。
knock此处用作不及物动词，意为“敲(门等)”，其后常接介词at/on。
He knocked at/on the door, but there was no answer. 他敲了门，但没有回应。
【拓展】knock用作动词，还可意为“碰撞”，其短语：knock into意为“与……相撞”；knock down意为“撞倒”。
She knocked a glass off the table. 她把玻璃杯从桌子上碰掉了。
The car knocked into the tree last night. 那辆小汽车昨天夜里撞到了树上
He knocked down the boy. 他把那个男孩撞倒了。
◆knock用作名词，意为“敲击声；敲击”。
There is a knock at the door. 有人在敲门。
19. In many eastern European countries, you are expected to/are supposed to take off
your gloves before shaking hands. 在许多东欧国家，握手前你应该摘下手套。
take off 脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞。为动词+副词型短语。当人称代词作宾语时，须置于两词之间当名词作宾语时，置于两词之间或副词后面都可以。
It's warm in the room. You can take your coat off.
It's warm in the room You can take off your coat.
房间里很暖和。你可以脱下外套。
The plane will take off soon. 飞机马上就要起飞了。
常见的含take的短语还有
take care of照顾 take care当心；小心；注意
take place发生 take photos照相
take away拿走 take out(of..,)(从……里)拿出；取出
take after和……相像 take…to… 把……带到……
take it easy别紧张 take notes记笔记
take turns轮流 take a shower/walk淋浴/散步
take a break/rest休息一下 take exercise做运动
take medicine服药 take a message捎个口信
...but it is worth the trouble if you want to understand another culture.
但是如果你想了解另一种文化，麻烦一点也值得。
(1)worth形容词，意为“值得；有……价值(的)”，一般作表语，其后可跟动词-ing形式或名词，其具体用法有：
be worth doing意为“值得做”，句子的主语一般是do的宾语，worth形式表示被动意义。
The place is worth visiting. 这个地方值得参观。
be worth+钱 意为“值多少钱”。
The picture is worth $30. 这幅画值30美元。
be worth+名词 意为“值得……”。
I don't think it's worth our work. 我觉得这事不值得我们付出劳动。
【拓展】表示“很值得”，应说well worth，而不说very worth。
The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。
(2) 辨析 another, the other, other, others 与 the others
another 泛指“三个或三个以上中的另一个”，后接单数可数名词也可用作代词 We need another chair. 我们还需要一把椅子。 I don't like this skirt. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这条裙子。请给我看另一条。
the other 指“两个之中的另一个”，是特指。常用在one...the other...结构中，表示“一个……，另一个……” He has two sisters. One is Lily and the other is Lisa. 他有两个姐姐。一个叫Lily，另一个叫Lisa。
other 意为“别的；其他的”，其后常接复数名词 We study Chinese, math, English and other subjects. 我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他的课程。
others 用作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”，相当于other+复数名词。some...others...意为“有的……，有的……” You should think of others. 你应该为他人着想。 The students are doing the cleaning. Some are cleaning the windows and others are wiping the floor. 学生们正在打扫卫生。有的在擦窗户，有的在擦地板。
the others 特指一个整体内的“其他全部的人或物”，相当于the other十复数名词。 There are fifty students in our class. Thirty of us are boys and the others are girls. 我们班有50名学生。30名是男生，其余的是女生。
注：another+数词十名词(复数) = 数词十more十名词(复数)，意为“再来…个…”We need another five desks. = We need five more desks. 我们还需要5张课桌。
—Could we see each other at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning
—Sorry, let’s make it _______ time.
other’s B. the other C. another D. other
21. table manners 餐桌礼仪
manner名词，常用其复数形式表示“礼貌礼仪”。table manners是名词短语，意为“餐桌礼仪”。
Mind your manners. 注意你的礼仪。
Different countries have different table manners. 不同的国家有不同的餐桌礼仪。
manner还可意为“方式；方法”(比way正式)，通常用单数形式。
I love ducks cooked in the Chinese manner. 我爱吃中国烧法的鸭子。
语法突破：It + be + adj. +to do sth. 结构
【教材典句】
(1) When we see each other, it's polite for boys to shake hands and for girls to kiss each other on the side of the face.
当我们见到对方时，男孩们握手，女孩们互相亲吻脸的一侧是有礼貌的。
(2) In Switzerland. it's very important to be on time. 在瑞士，守时是非常重要的。
(3) I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic because I think it's impolite to
keep others waiting.
我总是早早离开家以避免交通拥挤，因为我认为让别人等待是不礼貌的。
以上三个句子都含有It + be + adj. +to do sth.句型。
【语法全解】
1. It + be + adj. +to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”。it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语)。因动词不定式(短语)作主语较长，而谓语部分相对较短，用it代替后就避免了“头重脚轻”的现象。
I think it's important to sleep eight hours a night. 我认为每晚睡8个小时很重要。
2. 表示“(对某人来说)做某事是的……”外，用句型It + be + adj. +(for/of sb.+)to do sth.，其中sb.为动词不定式to do sth. 的逻辑主语。二者的具体用法为：
It + be + adj. + for sb.+ to do sth. 此句型中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，如difficult，important，easy，hard，necessary，possible，dangerous，impossible等，是说明动词不定式的 It's hard for me to answer your question. 对我来说回答你的问题很难。
It + be + adj. + of sb.+ to do sth. 此句型中的形容词为描述人物品质及性格特征的词，如clever，foolish，good，kind，nice，polite等，用来说明of后的sb.。 It was foolish of him to go alone. 他单独去太傻了。
Section B
In China, you're not supposed to stick your chopsticks into the food.
在中国，你不应该把筷子插入食物中。
(1)stick...into...意为“把……插人”。
Don't stick your fork into your food. 不要把叉子插入食物中。
(2)chopstick名词，意为“筷子”，常用复数形式。
We usually eat noodles with chopsticks. 我们通常用筷子吃面条。
【拓展】英语中常见的以复数形式出现的名词还有，nood1es(面条)，dumplings(饺子)，trousers(裤子)，pants(长裤)，shorts(短裤)，gloves(手套)，shoes(鞋子)，socks(袜子)，glasses(眼镜)等。
In Korea, the youngest person is expected to start eating first.
在韩国，年龄最小的人应该先开始吃。
start doing sth. (=start to do sth.)意为“开始做某事”。
He started crying. = He started to cry. 他开始哭起来。
【拓展】作“开始”讲时，start与begin两者可互换，但以下几种情况只能用start，不能用begin。
①表示“创办，开设”时
He started a new shop last year. 去年他新开了一家商店。
②表示“机器开动”时
Can you start the car 你能发动这辆车吗
③表示“出发，动身”时
We must start early. 我们必须早点儿出发。
In China, it's impolite to use your chopsticks to hit an empty bowl.
在中国，用筷子敲空碗是不礼貌的。
empty此处用作形容词，意为“空的；空洞的”。其反义词为full(满的)。
The bottle is empty. 这个瓶子是空的。
This is an empty box. 这是一个空盒子。
【拓展】empty用作及物动词，意为“排空，倒空”。其反义词为fil1(装满，填满)。
Just now he emptied the bottle. 刚才他把瓶子倒空了。
4. ...point at anyone with your chopsticks. ……用筷子指着任何人。
point at意为“指着”，侧重所指的对象；point to意为“指向”，侧重所指的方向。
The teacher is pointing at the blackboard. 老师正指着黑板。
He pointed to the high mountain far away. 他指向远处的高山。
【拓展】point用作及物动词时，常用于point sth. at sth.，意为“用……指着”。
You shouldn't point your finger at anyone. 你不应该用手指指着任何人。
5. 辨析speak，tell，say与talk
speak 及物动词 意为“说，讲”。其后宾语通常是表示语言的名词
不及物动词 通常指说话的能力和方式。侧重讲话这一动作，也有“演讲，发言”之意
tell 及物动词 意为“讲，告诉”，着重把一件事通知或告诉别人。tell sb. St.“告诉某人”；tell sb.(not)to do sth. “告诉某人(不要)做某事”；tell a lie“说谎”；tell a story/stories“讲故事”
say 及物动词 意为“说；讲”，指用语言表达思想，着重强调说话的内容，其宾语可以是名词、代词或从句，直接引语
talk 不及物动词 意为“讲；说话”，表示一般的谈话或交谈，后跟宾语时，常跟介词with/to
辨析◆talk to, talk with与talk about
talk to意为“和……说话”，其宾语是人，侧重一方在讲，一方在听。
The teacher is talking to his students. 老师正在对学生们讲话。
talk with意为“和……谈话”，其宾语是人，强调两者相互交谈。
The teacher is talking with his students. 老师正在同学生们聊天。
talk about意为“谈论”，后接谈话的内容，宾语可以是人和物。
They are talking about the film. 他们正在谈论这部电影。
Can you speak English 你会讲英语吗
Please tell me the news. 请告诉我那条消息
My mother tells me to buy some fruit. 我母亲告诉我买些水果。
Please say it in Chinese. 请用汉语说。
He says, “lt's great.” 他说好极了。
Yes, I'm having a great time on my student exchange program in France.
是的，我在法国的交换生生活中过得很愉快。
(1)have a great time意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”，相当于have a wonderful/good/nice time，have fun 或 enjoy oneself。
Did you have a great/wonderful/good/nice time last Sunday
你们上周日玩得开心吗
(2)exchange名词，意为“交换”。常用短语in exchange for意为“交换……”。
An exchange of ideas is helpful. 交流想法是有帮助的。
I gave him a book in exchange for a stamp. 我用一本书跟他交换一枚邮票。
【拓展】exchange用作及物动词，意为“交换”。常构成短语exchange...for...，意为“用……换……”。
Can I exchange an apple for four oranges 我可以用一个苹果换四个橘子吗
I was a bit nervous before I arrived here, but there was no reason to be.
我在到这里之前有点儿紧张，但那是没理由的。
There was/is no reason to do sth. 意为“没有理由做某事”。
There is no reason to be late. 没有理由迟到。
【拓展】have no reason to do sth. 意为“没有理由做某事”。
You have no reason to say so. 你没有理由这么说。
8. They go out of their way to make me feel at home. 他们尽力使我感到宾至如归。
(1)go out of one's way意为“特地；格外努力”。
They went out of their way to help her. 他们竭力帮助她。
He went out of his way to teach me to learn English well.
他尽力教我学好英语。
根据汉语意思和英语提示翻译句子。
政府正千方百计为无家可归的人提供住房。(go out of one's way to)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The government is going out of its way to provide houses for the homeless(people).
(2) make...feel at home意为“使(某人)感到宾至如归”。
His kindness makes me feel at home. 他的仁慈使我感到宾至如归。
9. She earned how to make Chinese food! 她竟然学习如何做中餐。
how to make Chinese food为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作learned的宾语。
I want to learn how to make dumplings. 我想学习如何包饺子。
【拓展】动词不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what等连用时，常作tell，show，know，learn，teach，explain，decide等的宾语构成。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，可转换成宾语从句。
He didn't know what to say.=He didn't know what he should say.
他不知道该说什么。
一What did your father say
—He asked us ____________________.
A. how to fix up the bicycles B. why we fix up the bicycles
C. that we fixed up the bicycles D. where did we fix. up the bicycles
解析：主句用过去时，宾语从句应用过去的某种时态，可排除B项；that用于引导宾语从句的陈述句，不能与ask搭配使用，可排除C项；宾语从句应使用陈述语序，可排除D项。当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语或宾语一致时，可使用疑问词+动词不定式结构对从句进行缩写，故A项正确。
10. 辨析also，too，as well和either
也 also 肯定句 句中 位于助动词、be动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前
as well 句末 前面不加逗号
too 句末 前面通常用逗号隔开
either 否定句 句末 前面通常加逗号
You wouldn't believe how quickly my French has improved because of that.
你简直都想不到就因为这样我的法语提高得有多快。
辨析because of与because两者都可意为“因为”，但其用法不同，具体区别为：
because of 短语介词 其后一般跟名词、代词、动名词或名词短语，不能跟从句
because 连词 通常是说话人用来陈述理由或原因，后接原因状语从句
They didn't go to the park because it snowed. 因为下雪他们没去公园。
=They didn't go to the park because of the snow.
--Did you have a sports meeting yesterday
--No we didn't. It was put off ______ the heavy rain.
A. instead of B. because of C. as for D. across from
解析：instead of代替；because of因为，由于；.as for关于，至于。；across from在……对面。句意：你们昨天开运动会了没有？因为大雨它被推迟了。B项符合题意。
12. 辨析get/be used to(doing) sth.，used to do sth. 与be used to do sth.
get/be used to(doing) sth. 习惯于做某事 to为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式。可用于在、过去、将来等多种时态 He gets/is used to sleeping. 他习惯于晚睡。
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 to为动词不定式符号，只用于过去时态 He used to read a book before he went to bed, but now he is used to listening to music. 他过去常常睡觉前看书，但现在他习惯于听音乐。
be used to do sth. 被用于做某事 被动语态，动词不定式表示目的，可用于多种时态 Wood is used to build houses. 木头被用来建房子。
—She used to _____ a bus to school, but now she is used to ____ to school.
taking; walk B. take; walk C. taking; walking
I have a safe trip, and I look forward Io meeting you soon!
一路平安，我盼望很快见到你！
look forward to意为“盼望；期待”，指以特别愉快的心情期待着。此处to为介词，后接名词、代间或动词ing形式作宾语，不能接动词原形。
I’m looking forward to seeing you again. 我期待着再次见到你。
In many countries, it is impolite to show up at someone’s house for the first time with empty hands. 在许多国家，第一次拜访别人家空着手是不礼貌的。
show up意为“出席，露面”，相当于appear。
We waited for him for a long time, but he didn’t show up.
我们等了他很长时间，但他没有露面。
【拓展】有关show的常见短语
show off 炫耀，卖弄 show sb. around 带领某人参观
on show展出，展览
1. (
课堂练习
)
词汇运用 根据句意及所给首字母提示，补全句中所缺单词。
1. As soon as I had made the final decision, I felt a lot more r_________________.
2. If you v_____________ your health, you should be kinder to yourself.
3. London, Paris and Rome are c___________ cities.
4. A person who travels abroad has to carry a p_________ .
5. B__________ are often used in schools for writing on with chalk.
6. It is well－known that there are four s________ in a year.
7. Everyone else in my class was invited e________ me, but I don't know why.
8. It's polite to k________ on the door before entering a room.
9. Some students have to wear glasses in class because they can't see the b________ clearly.
10. Our teacher has given us some advice that is well w________ considering.
完成句子 根据各题后括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词(含缩略形式)。
You’re supposed to do the job by yourself. (改为否定句)
You ________ ________ to do the job by yourself.
She was supposed to clean all the tables. (对划线部分提问)
________ was she supposed to ________
They are expected to join the swimming club. (改为一般疑问句)
________ they ________ to join the swimming club
Tina had a great time in Switzerland last year. (改为同义句)
Tina ________ ________ in Switzerland last year.
Miss Liu doesn’t teach in our school any more. (改为同义句)
Miss Liu ________ ________ teaches in our school.
用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。(有两项多余)
after all, for the first time, take off, drop by, make feel at home, table manners, be expected to
1. Katie is serious about music.She ________________ be a good singer.
2. When I arrived in Sanya ________________, I fell in love with it.
3. Don't be angry with Tommy.________________, he is a boy of four.
4. ________________ are different in different countries.
5. Hurry up! The plane ________________ in half an hour.
Ⅰ.单项选择。
( )1.We should make ________ effort to make Jack give up ________ silly plan.
an；the B.a n；a C. the；a D. a；an
( )2.People in China ________ when they meet for the first time.
bow B. kiss C. shake hands D. laugh
( )3.—Excuse me. Is this a(n) ________ chair
—No. My sister is coming. I'm keeping the chair for her.
A. comfortable B. big C. empty D. new
( )4.I found ________ difficult to make friends with him because he is very shy.
that B. it C. one D. this
( )5.He was worried about the exam, but he passed it ________.
first of all B. after all C. not at all D. above all
( )6.The host goes out of his way to make me ________.
to feel at home B. to feel in home C. feel at home D. feel in home
( )7.I'm not sure, but he's supposed ________ sometime next week.
return B. returns C. to return D. returning
( )8.Everyone likes him because he ________ like a gentleman.
behaves B. leaves C. cries D. changes
( )9.Tom told his friend that he ________ hard work in the end.
got used to do B. used to do C. got used to doing D. used to doing
( )10.The restaurant owner ________ his way to see that all his guests are well satisfied.
gets out B. goes out C. get out of D. goes out of
( )11.—How was the first food festival
—It went very well, and the results were worth the ________.
bill B. job C. works D. effort
( )12.You are ________ smoke in the room.You can go out and smoke there.
not wanted to B. not asked to C. not supposed to D. not made to
( )13.You had better hurry or we'll be late for the plane. The plane will ______ in a few minutes.
take up B. take down C. take off D. take away
( )14.—I'm poor in English. What should I do
—It's important to master some ________ grammar in learning it.
difficult B. interesting C. basic D. special
( )15.—I've put on ten pounds.
—You should ________ to take more exercise every day.
make sure of B. make a plan for C. make a suggestion D. make an effort
Ⅱ.完形填空。
Today it is quite natural to find people shake hands in some situations. People all over the world shake hands for many different __16__. We shake hands when we meet new people __17__ during special festivals. Players often shake hands before or after __18__. Business people shake hands when they make a deal. Why do people shake hands __19__ shaking feet This is because of the fact a long time ago most people __20__ knives or guns. If some of them decided that they did not want to __21_, they would show their empty hands. __22__ people shook hands so that they could not __23__ knives in the sleeves (袖子). Later on, hand-shaking became a symbol of __24__. Now we don't have to __25__ with guns or knives. However, people still shake hands all the time！The reason is simple—it is still a way to show friendship.
( )16. A. ideas B. reasons C. thoughts D. excuses
( )17. A. or B. as C. but D. so
( )18. A. games B. speeches C. exercise D. programs
( )19. A. such as B. as well as C. instead of D. together with
( )20. A. lost B. bought C. caught D. carried
( )21. A. cheat B. fight C. drop D. speak
( )22. A. Perhaps B. Happily C. Carefully D. Luckily
( )23. A. hide B. lift C. pull D. push
( )24. A. success B. victory C. pride D. peace
( )25. A. talk about B. worry about C. know about D. learn about
Ⅲ.阅读理解。
A
In Western countries, you should be careful about the giving of gifts. Never give a gift in a job interview or at a business meeting. Gifts are usually given during special holidays, or as a “thank you” for special invitations or events. When arriving at a special party, you may give your gift to the host once the introductions are made. Here are a few rules. Be modest with your gift.Don't buy gifts that are too expensive.
A special food from your country, a bottle of wine, candy, or flowers are the best
if you do not know the host very well, but be sure that your gift will not need much care. You can usually say something like “I think you may like to try this a little later” when you offer your gift.
Be careful when giving alcohol. A bottle of wine is usually all right if you know your host drinks wine, but strong alcohol such as whisky should only be given as a gift when you know the host well and are sure that he would like such a gift. Flowers are good, but remember: roses are for special love. You have to be careful.
A small cultural gift from your country is usually very good.
Besides, make sure that your gift is packed nicely. A nice card with it will be even better.
阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。
( )26.Gifts can be given in a job interview or at a business meeting.
( )27.You'd better buy an expensive gift if you are invited to dinner but do not know the host very well.
( )28.You're usually supposed to give a smile instead of some words when you offer your gift.
( )29.If you know the host well and are sure that he would like whisky, you can give it as a gift.
( )30.The writer thinks it's even better to pack your gift nicely with a nice card.
B
Dinner customs are different around the world.If you are a guest in Ghana (加纳), this information will help you a lot.
In Ghana, dinner is usually from four in the afternoon to six in the evening. But there are no strict rules about time. Whenever a guest arrives, a family offers food. When you go to a home, the person who receives guests takes you to the living room first. At this time everyone welcomes you. Then you go to the dinning room. There you wash your hands in a bowl of water. All the food is on the table.
In Ghana you usually eat with your fingers. You eat from the same dish as everyone else. But you eat from one side of the dish only. It is not polite to get food from the other side of the dish. After dinner, you wash your hands again in a bowl of water.
Most meals in Ghana have a dish called fufu. People in Ghana make fufu from the powder(粉末) of some plants. Sometimes they cut the fufu wit a saw(锯子) because it is very hard. You must chew fufu well, or you may get sick. You eat fufu with the fingers of your right hand only.
( )31.From the passage we know that in Ghana ________.
the rules for dinner time are not strict
B. dinner is always at six in the evening
C. a family offers food only at four in the afternoon
D. people usually invite their guests to dinner late in the evening
( )32.If you are a dinner guest in Ghana, the host always takes you to ________.
the dining room first
B. the living room first
C. the kitchen first
D. the garden first
( )33.People in Ghana usually eat ________.
from one side of a dish to the other
B. from the other side of the dish
C. with their fingers
D. with their spoons
( )34.In fact, most dishes in Ghana ________.
are cooked with the powder of some plants
B. have fufu in them
C. are too hard to eat
D. are not very hard
( )35.When you eat fufu, you'd better ________.
cut it with a saw
B. use your right hand only
C. chew it well
D. all of the above
C
If you're traveling to the United States, you need to understand the common way to say hello－a handshake. Friends shake hands. Women, men and even children can shake hands.
Shaking hands also seems simple, but there are some important things to remember. When you shake hands, you must look into the other person's eyes the whole time you're shaking hands.
Shake hands strongly. If you give a weak handshake, the other person might think that you're not kind. He/She might also feel that you don't like him/her or you don't want to touch him/her. Shake hands with men and women the same way. If you shake hands with a very old person or a small child, be careful not to hurt them.
Some people don't know how long to keep shaking. The most common handshake should have three shakes and then you should let go. Don't worry if Americans shake hands a little longer.
Your handshake is like your smile. It's special to you. You need to find a comfortable strong handshake that shows what you are like. Because the handshake allows people to touch, the hand should be warm, clean and dry.
Warm: Put your hands into your pockets before you shake hands. This will warm them.
Clean: If you know you're going to meet someone, wash your hands so they'll be clean.
Dry: Everyone gets nervous and your hands may get wet. It isn't a good feeling for the other person. Again, put your hands into your pockets. This will dry them.
( )36.When you stay in the USA, the common way to greet is to ________.
bow B. kiss C. hug D. shake hands
( )37.If you give a weak handshake in America, the other person might think that you're ________.
unfriendly B. brave C. friendly D. outgoing
( )38.What should you do when you shake hands with a very old person or a small child
You must shake hands strongly.
B. You should be careful not to hurt them.
C. You should hold their hands for a long time.
D. You needn't look into their eyes the whole time.
( )39.The most common handshake should have ________ shakes, and then you should let go.
three B. four C. five D. six
( )40.Which of the following can be the BEST title for the passage
How to Greet in the USA
B. The Meaning of Handshake
C. Tips for Shaking Hands with Americans
D. Ways to Keep Hands Warm, Clean and Dry
短文填空。
请用适当的词完成下面的短文，每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Visitors to Japan are often excited about the delicious food, but many people are a little nervous 1 what to do at restaurants or in a Japanese household. So it's helpful to know basic table 2 before going to Japan.
3 people use knives, forks, spoons and chopsticks to eat. But chopsticks are the most 4 utensils (用具). When you are eating dinner with some Japanese friends, don't directly pass 5 from your chopsticks to somebody else's chopsticks. It's also important not to 6 chopsticks vertically (垂直地) into food, especially into a bowl of rice. It's not 7 to move your chopsticks up and down above dishes or to point at somebody with your chopsticks.
It is polite to lift small bowls of rice or soup when you eat. It 8 you from dropping food.
In Japan, it is common to slurp (吃时嘴唇发出很响的声音) while 9 noodles. People say the noodles taste better 10 they make slurping noises.
1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________
6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________
书面表达。(10分)
俗话说“入乡随俗”，去另一个国家前，先了解其习俗和历史是很有必要的。请你根据初中阶段所学到的关于英国的习俗和历史，写一篇文章，投稿到某英文版的旅游文化刊物。
【写作要点】
礼仪 第一次见面通常握手
跟年长的人说话要用Mr.和Mrs.
饮食 在茶会(tea party)上只能喝茶，不喝咖啡或果汁
城市 伦敦(London)，约两千年历史
利物浦(Liverpool)，在18世纪以工业闻名
注意事项 在公共场合不要大声说话……(请再列举1～2点)
【写作要求】
词数90左右
短文的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
文中须包括所有写作要点，但不要逐字翻译，可适当加入过渡语句，使短文通顺、连贯；
不能照抄原文，文中不能出现考生真实姓名和学校名称。
Before we go to another country, it is necessary for us to learn something about its customs and history. Take Britain as an example.
People usually shake hands when they meet for the first time. We should say Mr.and Mrs.when we talk with older people. People can only drink tea at a tea party, but not coffee or juice. In addition to the customs, we need to know about the history. London has a long history of about two thousand years. Liverpool is famous for industry in the 18th century. When we are in Britain, we can't talk loudly in public. And we should stand in a line when we wait for buses or trains.
The golden rule is: Watch the other people. Do as they do.
答案：seasons except knock blackboard worth
is expected to for the first time After all Table manners
will take off
1-5 ACCBB 6-10 CCACD 11-15 DCCCD
16-20 BAACD 21-25 BAADB
26-30 FFFTT 31-35 ABCBD 36-40 DABAC
about manners Japanese popular food stick polite prevents
eating if

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