资源简介

Unit 1 Art
Section B Learning about Language
Teaching plan
Subject：English Title：Discover useful structure:infinitive as predicative Period：1 class
Teaching objectives and core literacy：：
Language ability：Understand and master the infinitive as predicative
Learning ability：Enable to use the infinitive as predicative
Cultural awareness：Cultivate students' interest in learning grammar
Thinking quality：Promote students’ comparing the infinitive as predicative and the other forms
Teaching key points and difficulties
Teaching key points：To master the structure and characteristics of infinitive as predicative
Teaching difficulties：have a good command of infinitive
Teaching media：Multimedia, Blackboard, chalk
Teaching process：
一、Pre-class
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
Student Activities: group observation and discussion. Students read and observe the four sentences in activity 1. discuss the usage of infinitives in the sentences in groups and fill in the blanks.
1 Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
2 During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
3 In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene…
4 What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, "What is art "
AIM: to enable students to discuss the four sentences in the reading passage and to understand the meanings and pragmatic functions of the infinitive in the sentences.
While-class
1. Teacher's activities: present some infinitive sentences through blackboard writing, slides or courseware. Let students analyze and discuss the usage of these expressions.
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.（说明主语）
What I would suggest is to ask your father for his opinion.（说明主语）
The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.（表示目的）
He was to die in a shipwreck and to leave his wife and two children.（表结果）
动词不定式（短语）作表语相当于名词作表语。它和主语处在同等地位，所指的或是和主语一样的东西，或是主语产生的结果。常常可以将主、表交换位置，句子的意义不变。
一、动词不定式（短语）作表语的用法
1.主语是以aim，suggestion，duty，hope，idea，intention，plan，purpose，the way to do sth等为中心的名词词组时，或者以what引导的名词性分句表示，一般用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容。
2.表示目的。
The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.
下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。
3.表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。
He was to die in a shipwreck and to leave his wife and two children.
后来他在一次船只失事中丧生，留下了妻子和两个孩子。
4.用于被动语态，相当于can/could，should，ought to，must，具有情态意义。
The regulations are to be observed.
规章制度必须遵守。(must)
5.表示"同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、愿望、意愿、禁止"等。
They are to marry next week.
他们将在下周结婚。（安排）
6.动词不定式（短语）作表语时，可用主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for the fire？
谁该对此次火灾负责？
二、动词不定式（短语）作表语省略to的情况
动词不定式（短语）作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但在以下几种情况下可省略不定式符号to：
1.all作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
例：
All we need to do is live each day with hope.
我们需要做的就是带着希望过好每一天。
2.what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
例：
What I want to do is take a holiday right away.
我想马上就去度假。
3.（主句）主语被only，first，one，least或形容词最高级修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
例：
In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper.
晚上他唯一做的就是看报纸。
三、动词不定式（短语）作表语和v-ing（短语）作表语的区别
1.动词不定式（短语）和v-ing（短语）作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致，即若句子的主语为v-ing（短语），则表语也应使用v-ing（短语），若主语为动词不定式（短语），则表语也应使用动词不定式（短语）。
例：
To see is to believe.= Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2.动词不定式（短语）和v-ing（短语）作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外：
（1）当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式（短语）作表语。
Her best wish is to put her new ideas into practice.
她最大的愿望是将自己的新想法付诸实践。
（2）若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用v-ing（短语）作表语。
My favorite sport is swimming.
我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
Objective: to master the structure and usage of infinitive as expressions.
2. Student Activity: Finish Activity 2, discuss the content in pairs, then check the answers. When checking the answers, the students should read out the complete sentences. Teachers can also ask students to translate sentences.
Activity Purpose: through the practice, consolidates the grammar, deepens to the grammar understanding.
三、After-class
Student Activities: read the questions and answers in activity 3, and do the dialogue exercises in groups.
1 What's your biggest dream/ambition in life
2 How are you going to make your dream come true
3 How are you going to achieve your goal
4 Do you have any plans
5 What might be difficult for you
6 How are you going to deal with...
My biggest dream/ambition in life is to…
I think all I have to do is…
My plan is to…
I think one of the hardest things might be…
I guess the best way to...is…
Objective: to develop students' ability to use infinitive as infinitive for dialogue on the basis of understanding.
四、Summary
动词不定式（短语）作表语
一、动词不定式（短语）作表语的用法
1.主语是以aim，suggestion，duty，hope，idea，intention，plan，purpose，the way to do sth等为中心的名词词组时，或者以what引导的名词性分句表示，一般用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容。
2.表示目的。
3.表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。
4.用于被动语态，相当于can/could，should，ought to，must，具有情态意义。
5.表示"同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、愿望、意愿、禁止"等。
6.动词不定式（短语）作表语时，可用主动形式表示被动意义。
二、动词不定式（短语）作表语省略to的情况
1.all作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
2.what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
3.（主句）主语被only，first，one，least或形容词最高级修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
三、动词不定式（短语）作表语和v-ing（短语）作表语的区别
Assignment: review what you have learned in this lesson.

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