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2024人教版中考语法专题突破
专题四　代词
代词思维导图
考点1：人称、物主、反身代词
类别 人称、单复数 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一 人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二 人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三 人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
1.人称代词
1）人称代词主格作主语
如：Judy and Lily like sports.They often play volleyball after school.（划横线部位在句中做主语）
2）人称代词宾格作动词或介词的宾语，或作表语
如：The little boy is in trouble.We should help him.（划横线部位在句中做宾语）
2.物主代词
形容词性物主代词一般用于名词前，修饰名词。名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词。
如：This isn’t my schoolbag.Mine is blue.（my是形容词性物质代词，mine是名词性物主代词）
3.反身代词
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性别和数上保持一致。
1）当主语与宾语是同一人时，宾语一般用反身代词，人称和数要与主语一致。如：
The boy teaches himself Chinese.这个男孩自学中文。
2）作同位语，用来加强语气。如：
I’m quite sure I can do it myself.我非常确定我能自己做。
3）常见含反身代词的词组（动词之后）
enjoy oneself 玩得开心 help oneself（to） 自用（食物等）
teach oneself＝learn by oneself 自学 lose oneself（in） 沉浸于
4）常见含反身代词的词组（介词之后）
by oneself 单独地；独自地；亲自 for oneself 为某人自己
take care of oneself 照顾自己 keep sth.to oneself 保密
注意：判断所填反身代词的形式，只需看其对应的人称和数，与其对应即可。
考点2：指示代词和疑问代词
1.指示代词
1）this/these，that/those的用法
指示代词指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。
单数 复数 含义
this these 指较近的人或物
that those 指较远的人或物
电话用语中常用this指本人，that指对方。如：This is Cindy.Who is that？
2.it的用法
1）指代前面提到过的同一事物。如：
The book on the desk is not mine.It is Jim’s.书桌上的那本书不是我的。它是吉姆的。
2）代替指示代词this或that。如：
—What’s this/that？——这/那是什么？—It is a pencil.——它是一支铅笔。
3）指代婴儿或不明身份的人。如：
Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who it is.有人在敲门。请你去看看是谁。
4）指代时间、季节、天气和距离。如：
It’s ten o’clock.十点了。
It’s two kilometers from my home to school.从我家到学校有两公里。
5）it在句型中的使用：
用法 句型 示例
作形式主语 It is ＋n./adj.＋（for/of sb.） to do sth. It’s useful for us to learn math well. 对我们来说学好数学很有用。
It takes sb.some time to do sth. It takes me ten minutes to walk to school. 我步行去学校需要10分钟。
It is no use/good/pleasure doing sth. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
作形式宾语 Sb.find/think/feel/make it＋adj.＋（for sb.） to do sth. Mr.White thinks it necessary to finish the work before 7 p.m. 怀特先生认为有必要在晚上七点前完成工作。
【知识拓展】it，one，that的用法区别：
代词 用法 示例
one 泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个，其复数形式为ones ★同类而不同物 —Who has a pen？—谁有钢笔？ —I have one.—我有一支。
that 常用于含比较级的句型结构中，代替前面提到的人或事物，以避免重复，复数形式为those The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 冬天北京的天气比广州的天气冷。
it 特指上文提到的同一事物★同一事物 The book is mine.It’s veryinteresting.这本书是我的。它很有趣。
3.疑问代词
疑问代词 含义 用法
what 什么 对事物或动作等提问
who 谁 对作宾语或主语的人物提问
whom 谁 对作宾语的人物提问
whose 谁的 对事物的所属关系提问，如物主代词或名词所有格
which 哪个 对指定范围的事物或人物进行提问
考点3：不定代词
1.普通不定代词
1）some和any的用法辨析
代词 用法 示例
some 一般用于肯定句中；用于一般疑问句时表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定答复 I have some things to do today. 今天我有些事情要做。 Would you like some coffee with sugar？你想要加糖的咖啡吗？
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中；用于肯定句时表示“任何的” They didn’t have any friends here. 他们在这里没有朋友。 It’s up to you to decide.Any day is OK for me.由你来决定。任何一天对我来说都可以。
2）every和each的用法辨析
代词 用法 示例
every 作定语修饰可数名词单数，意思是“每一个”，表示整体概念 Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.他班上的每个学生学习都很用功。
each 作主语、宾语、定语等，意思是“每个；各个”，表示单个概念 Each of you should study hard.你们每个人都应该努力学习。
2.复合不定代词
1）复合不定代词的构成
somebody某人 anybody任何人 nobody没人 everybody每个人 someone某人 anyone任何人
no one没人 everyone每个人 something某事 anything任何事物 nothing什么都没有 everything所有事物；一切
2）复合不定代词的用法
①由some 和any 构成的复合不定代词，其区别与some和any的区别基本相同。
②复合不定代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Nobody knows the truth.没人知道真相。
③修饰复合不定代词的定语要后置。复合不定代词＋adj.　如：
Did you do anything interesting？你做了什么有趣的事吗？
复合不定代词＋to do　如：
Would you like something to drink？你要喝点东西吗？
3）复合不定代词的否定句
①全部否定：含有nothing，nobody，no one和not anything，not anybody，not anyone的句子是全部否定句。如：
They heard nothing.＝They didn’t hear anything.他们什么都没听见。
②部分否定：含有not everything，not everyone，not everybody的句子是部分否定句，意思是“不都；并非都”。如：
Not everybody likes hiking.不是每个人都喜欢远足。
一、根据中文意思，补全英语译文。（每空一词）
1.那个小女孩在三岁时学会了如何自己穿衣服。
The little girl learned how to________ __________ at the age of 3.
2.桑迪专心地听着古典音乐，迷失在它的美中。
Sandy listened intently to the classical music，losing herself in ________ __________.
3.老师的帮助使我有可能取得如此大的进步。
The teacher’s help________ it__________ for me to make so much progress.
4.在在线地图的帮助下，人们很容易找到世界上的一个地方。
It is quite easy for people________ __________a place in the world with the help of the online map.
二、完形方框选词。
A.them　B.nothing　C.yourself D.others　E.it　F.my　G.something
When I was a child，I loved to visit my grandparents’ farm.There was always 1.__________new to do，to see and to enjoy.
One day，I，together with my brothers and sisters，went to my grandparents’ farm to celebrate my birthday.We all liked eating strawberries and we went to pick 2.__________.We each took a basket.But I was lazy.I took the smallest basket. While the 3.__________were picking strawberries，I had a rest. Before we returned，I put a lot of grass in my basket and then I put a few strawberries on the top.The basket looked full.My grandfather said he was proud of 4.__________hard work.
The next morning my grandmother made many pies. There was a big pie which was made just for me.It looked nice！But when I began to eat it，I found there was 5.____________but grass under the top strawberries！You can guess how surprised I was.
My grandfather looked at me calmly and said，“When you cheat others，you cheat 6.____________.” He didn’t need to say more but taught me a good lesson.
三、短文填空。
Naxi ancient music is one of the world’s 1._________（old）music types.The Naxi ethnic group living in Yunnan created it with 2._________（they）own instruments in the 14th century.But today，few people 3._________（hear）it or even know of it.
“One of my classmates is from the Naxi ethnic group，” said Liu.She is a 15 year old girl from Tianjin
4._________is a music lover and guzheng player.“When she talked about the endangered music，I thought maybe we could do 5._________（anything）.”Together with other 6._________（classmate），
she set up a project to promote（促进） Naxi music among young people.“How to attract（吸引） young people in a fun way is 7._________most difficult job，” said Liu.“So we came up with the idea of using comic strips（连环画） to introduce Naxi music.Many of 8._________（we） schoolmates loved this form of storytelling.
And it 9._________（successful）attracted 300 people to attend the online activity，where we introduced some basics of Naxi music，” Liu said.After the online activity，some young people recorded videos of 10._________（them） playing Naxi music pieces on piano or guzheng. “When we received the videos，we felt everything was worth it，” said Liu.

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