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2024年中考英语二轮语法专题复习动词不定式
动词不定式
动词不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词都是非谓语动词。动词在句中作谓语，以上提到的非谓语动词，虽然具有动词特征但不能在句中作谓语，可以作谓语以外的其他成分。
一，动词不定式的构成
不定式符号to加动词原形，即to do形式。否定式直接在to前加not，即not to do形式。如果某人做某事多在to前加for/of sb,即 for/of sb to do math.如，
It is a little difficult for the little girl to do it.对这个小女孩来说做这事有点难。
二，动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语多用it来代替。如，
To learn English is very important.(学会英语很重要。）该句通常改为
It is very important to learn English.
同学们常见错误，
Learn English is very important.
本句是中国式英语，在英语中，动词不能作主语，要想用动词作主语，可以用动词不定式，即以上两个句子，或者用动名词，也就是动词加ing.所以以上句子可以改为，
Learning English is very important.
动词不定式作主语常见句型有，
1,It is +形容词 +（for sb) to do sth.
表示"做某事怎么样".如，
It is very easy for you to find the cinema.对你来说找到那个电影院很容易。
2,It takes sb some time to do sth.
做某事花费某人一段时间。如，
It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot.步行到学校花费我二十分钟的时间。
3,It is +名词 +to do something.
1),It is time to do sth.该做某事了。/到了做某事的时候了。如，
It is time for you to get up.你该起床了。
2）,It is one's dream to do sth.做某事是某人的梦想。如，
It is Tom's dream to have a big house.有一所大房子是汤姆的梦想。
3) It is one’s job to do sth. 做某事是某人的工作。
It is our job to protect the environment.
三，动词不定式作宾语
在英语中有些动词后面必须加动词不定式作宾语。常见动词有，want，would like，expect. plan . decide. dare try hope wish，agree.learn.offer.fail.refuse.need help promise.可以口诀记忆如下：
想要（want/ would like)期待（expect）做某事，制定计划（plan）做决定（decide）。
敢于（dare）努力（try）有希望（hope、wish），同意（agree）学习（learn）要主动（offer）。
不能做到（fail）做到要拒绝（refuse），需要（need）帮忙(help)要答应(promise).
如，I don't want to be fat.我不想变胖。
I would like to play chess with you.我想要和你下象棋。
I wish to eat my mom's delicious zongzi.我希望吃到我妈妈做的美味的粽子。
We decided to walk to the countryside.我们决定步行去乡下。
动词不定式作宾语还有一些特殊结构。如，
1.find it +形容词 to do something.发现做某事怎么样。如，
I found it a little difficult to go to sleep.我发现入睡有点难。本句中的it指代后面的东词不定式to go to sleep.
2)make it adj to do sth. 使做某事变得---
It make it easier to learn English well.
3) think it daj to do sth .认为做某事---
由此发现，it 多用来指代动词不定式
包括for sb to do中的介词for,都是重要考点。如，
That's why ___ is important ___ you to learn a second language.
A, this, for B, it, of C, it ，for D，that,for.
正确答案，C.
四，动词不定式作宾补
宾补全称是宾语补足语，是句子中对宾语进行补充说明的那一部分。如，
My mother wants me to drink milk .
我母亲想要我喝牛奶。
本句宾语是me,to drink milk 是对宾语me作补充说明。也就是我宾语要喝牛奶。
需要加动词不定式作宾语的常见动词有，ask sb（not） to do ,tell sb （not) to do,want sb(not) to do ,would like sb (not）to do.特别注意其否定式，其他常见接动词不定式做宾补的动词还有，wish. advise.teach.encourage . allow.warn等。如，
My parents often tell me not to play in the street.我父母常告诉我不要在街上玩。
注意，help sb (to) do.help后面的动词可以用动词原形也可以加to。如，
I often help mom (to) cook.我经常帮助妈妈做饭。
注意，以下动词需要加动词原形做宾补，
1）使役动词 make/ let/ have sb do
如，The boss makes his workers work over ten hours a day.
2) 感官动词，feel/ see /watch/ notice /find/ hear sb do sth.
I often hear Lucy sing songs in her room.
注意，含有以上动词的句子变成被动语态，原来的动词原形要加to.即，主动省to.被动加to.
如，
The workers are made to work over ten hours a day.
Lucy is often heard to sing songs in her room.
五，动词不定式作表语
My dream is to be a singer.我的梦想是当一名歌唱家。
Tom's job is to sell computers.汤姆的工作是卖电脑。
六，动词不定式作目的壮语
一般前后两个动作，第二个动作是第一个动作的目的。如，
We made a fire to keep us warm and cook food on.我们点火取暖做饭。
to keep us warm and cook food on.是made a fire 的目的。点火的目的是取暖做饭。
再如，
Tom stayed up late to watch soccer game.
I went to the countryside to visit my grandmother.
七，动词不定式作定语。动词不定式作定语用来修饰名词或代词，放在名词代词之后，为后置定语。常见的结构：a way/ choice/ to do ; the 序数词 + n +to do。
八，疑问词加动词不定式。
what/who/when/where/how加to do
如，Can you tell me how to get to the museum 你能告诉我如何到达博物馆吗
I don't know what to do next. 我不知道下一步要干什么
即时训练
一、单项选择
1.Why not________ your teacher for help when you can’t finish ________it by yourself
A. ask, write B. to ask, writing C. ask, writing D. asking, write
2.—Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when for London
—Yes, tomorrow afternoon.
A. leaving B. leaves C. to leave D. are you leaving
3.More and more young people are trying to do something ______ the old.
A. served B. to serve C. serve D. serves
4.The fruit salad tastes delicious. Could you tell me ______
A. where to do it B. when to do it
C. what to do D. how to do it
5.Peter is busy ____ at school, but he never forgets ______exercise every day.
A. working, doing B. working, to do C. at work, doing
6.---Why did you buy a radio
---______ English.
A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Be learning
7.---Do you know Neil Armstrong
---Yes, He is the first man ______ on the moon.
A. walk B. walks C. to walk D. walked
8.—Have you made up your mind __ the sick kids
—By singing songs.
A. what to tell B. how to cheer up
C. when to help D. where to look after
9.The doctor did what he could_________ the dying man.
A. save B. to save C. saved D. saving
10.–Mum, can I have something________
–Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is________ in the kitchen.
A. to drink; nothing else B. drinking; something else
C. to eat; something else D. eating; nothing else
11.We must do everything we can _________ waste water from running into rivers.
A. keep B. kept C. to keep D. keeping
12.My roommate often asks me ______ her to play chess.
A. teach B. teaching C. to teach D. taught
13.He’ll use what he has ______ her a new dress.
A. bought B. to buy C. buying D. been bought
14.The teacher asked Ben ______ a difficult question in class.
A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. answered
15.The woman made his son ______ finally after she told him some jokes.
A. laughed B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughing
16.---How about _______in the river with us
---Sorry I can’t．My parents often tell me_________ that．
A. swim, don’t do B. swim, to do
C. swimming, not do D. swimming, not to do
17.—___________ more about tomorrow’s weather, call 121.
—OK, I will. Thank you.
A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
18.---Don’t forget ______ my parents when you are in Beijing.
---OK! I won’t.
A. to see B. sees C. seeing
19.. The teacher told the students_______ any food into the computer room.
A. not to bring B. not bring C. don’t bring D. bring not
20. We have two rooms ______, but I can’t decide ______.
A. to live, to choose which one B. lived, choose which one
C. to live in, which one to choose D. live, which one
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.When we practice speaking English，we often end up_______ （speak）in Chinese．
2.If the question ______（answer） incorrectly, another question will be given to you.
3. —Your English is pretty good! How about ______ （give）some advice to me —With pleasure.
4. The boy is looking forward to （have）a good time after the exam.
5. I’d like you ________ （go） for a picnic with us.
6．As teenagers，we’re old enough ______ （help）with housework．We can help set the table，wash the dishes and clean our own rooms．
7. Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby stop______（cry）.
8. -What are on show in the museum
-Some photos _____（take）by the children of Yushu, Qinghai.
9.The old lady didn’t know what ______（do） when the house caught fire.
10.---What should we do to fight A/H1N1 flu
---We should wash hands often, avoid ______（go） to crowded places and so on.
参考答案
一、1-5： C C B D B 6-10:C C B B A 11-15：C C B C C 16-20: D C A A C
二、1 speaking　2.is answered 3.giving 4.having 5.to go 6.to help 7.crying 8.taken
9.to do 10.going

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