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人教新目标七年级英语下册
Unit 4 Don’t eat in class
Section A
1. Don’t arrive late for class. You must be on time. (1a p19)
(1)arrive late for…=be late for…“为……而迟到”
【辨析】arrive, get to与reach表“到达”
at +小地方(village)
arrive in + 大地方(city)
副词(here/there/home…)
to +地点(Beijing)
“到达” get
副词(here/there/home…)
地点
reach 副词(here/there/home…)
My father arrived in / got to Beijing this morning. 我爸爸今天上午到达了北京。
The farmer arrived at / got to an old house and knocked at the door. 那个农民到达了一个旧房子前并且敲了敲门。
(2) must 情态动词，表示“必须”、“务必”，有时还表示“一定”，起到加强语气的作用。
You must come tomorrow.你（们）明天必须要来。
【注意】在回答must引起的问句时，如果是否定的答复，可用don’t have to或needn’t (不必) , 但不能用mustn’t (一定不, 必须不, 不允许, 不得) 。
【拓展】have to与must
1) have to意为“不得不”强调“客观需要”
They have to wear school uniforms every day. 他们每天必须穿校服。
2) must 意为“必须”强调个人意志和主观上的愿望
It’s late. I must go home now. 天晚了。现在我必须要回家。
含义 用法 否定式
must 主观“必须” 无人称和数，时态变化 mustn’t“禁止” You mustn’t take photos here.
have to 客观“不得不” 有人称和数，时态变化 don’t/doesn’t have to“不必” You don’t have to come.
(3) on time 是一个固定介词短语，表示“按时；准时”。
We must finish our homework on time.我们要按时完成任务。
in time “及时”
He comes here in time.
(4) 系动词be与形容词或介词短语连用，是英语一种常见的语句结构，表示某种状态。
be quiet 保持安静 be strict 要求严格
be on time 守时；按时到 be at work 在上班
You mustn’t be noisy, children.孩子们，你们一定不可喧闹。
2. Don’t listen to music in class.别在课上听音乐。(1a p19)
(1) listen “听”，用来提醒某人注意，后面不跟事物。
Listen! Who’s singing in the classroom 听！谁在教室里唱歌？
如果后面跟要听的事物，应跟介词to(即listen to)再跟事物。
Listen to our teacher carefully. 认真听老师讲。
（2）in class意为“在课堂上；上课时”，after class“课后”
in the class 意为“在班上；在班级里”
3. Don’t fight. (1a p19)
fight v.&n. “打架,争吵”
1）作动词 fight with sb. “和某人打架；同……(并肩)战斗”
He never fights with his brother.
fight for... “为......而战” fight about“为……而争吵”
fight against “为反对……而斗争” fight for freedom为自由而战
2）作名词 have a fight (with sb.)=fight (sb.) “打架”
4. wear a hat (2a p20)
wear v. “穿；戴”，强调穿，戴的状态。
be in+颜色/衣服 “穿着……颜色的衣服”，表穿的状态。
put on “穿/戴上”，强调动作。
get dressed 表动作“穿衣服”后什么也不接
be dressed in 表状态+名词（衣服/颜色）“穿着...”
dress 表动作+sb/oneself “给...穿衣服”
put on 表动作+服装，强调穿的动作。
wear 表状态+服装、手套、眼镜等的名词，强调穿(戴)的状态。
The girl in red is my sister Mary.
She is wearing a red flower in her hair.
He puts on his coat and goes out.
He is dressed in black.
Can you help me dress the little boy
I get dressed at seven and then go to school.
5. This is very important. (2d p20)
be important (for sb.) “(对某人来说)是重要的”
It’s very important for us to learn how to use computer.
6. Can we bring music players to school 我们能把音乐播放机带到学校来吗？ (2d p20)
bring v. “带来；取来”
Can you bring me an English dictionary 你能给我带来一本英语词典吗？
注意：bring 指带来，take指带走。
Bring your homework here, and take the book away. 把你的作业拿过来，把这本书带走。
bring sb./sth. to +地点 “把某人/某物带到……”
bring sb. sth. = bring sb./sth. for sb. “给某人带来某人/某物”
He brought his sister to the party. 他带他的姐姐来参加聚会。
Please bring me a glass of water. =Please bring a glass of water for me.请给我拿一杯水来。
7. And we always have to wear the school uniform. (2d P20)
have to“必须，不得不”，强调客观情况，有时态、人称和数的变化；
must“必须，不得不”，着重说话者的主观看法，认为有义务，有必要去做某事，没有人称、数和时态的变化。mustn’t意为“不许、不准”，表禁止。
must的用法:
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn’t, 而要用needn’t或don’t have to.
★--Must we hand in our exercise books today 我们今天必须交上练习册吗
--Yes, you must. / No, you don’t have to.是的。/不，不必。
must可以意为“非要，偏要”，表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感彩。
★Must you open the window It’s So cold outside.你非要/偏要开窗吗 外面真的很冷。
I have to give up smoking. 我不得不戒烟。(可能是由于身体或其它原因等不得不戒烟)
I must give up smoking. 我必须戒烟。（自己觉得有必要戒烟)
I had to work when I was your age. 当我像你这么大时，我不得不工作。（had to强调客观需要)
The play is not interesting. I really must go now. 这部剧没意思。我真的必须现在就走。（must表示说话人的主观看法)
Section B
1. go out “外出(娱乐)；熄灭；过时；不再流行” (1b p22)
I must go out shopping for half an hour. 我得外出半小时买东西。
The match went out in the wind. 火柴被风吹熄了。
Short skirts went out last year. 短裙去年就过时了。
2. practice the guitar (1b p22)
practice v.&n.“练习”， practice doing sth. “练习做某事”
Amy practices playing the piano for over two hours everyday. 埃米每天练习弹钢琴两个多小时。
Practice is an integral part of language learning.练习是语言学习必不可少的一部分。
3. do the dishes = wash the dishes “清洗餐具”
do (+the) + 名词，表“做……”，其中名词一般用复数，名词前通常要用the。
Xiaomei does/washes the dishes every day. 小梅每天清洗餐具。
4. help his mom make breakfast “帮助他妈妈做早餐” (1b p22)
help (sb.) (to) do sth. = help sb. with sth. “帮助某人做某事”
Jack often helps me (to) learn English after school every day.
= Jack often helps me with my English after school every day.
5. before dinner “晚餐前”，before prep., conj. & adv. “在 ……之前；以前”，其反义词为after。before/after +时间点，表“在……以前/以后”
He arrived before me.他在我之前到达。
The children are advised to get home before dark大家劝孩子们天黑以前要回家。
I have met him before. 我以前见过他。
6. There are too many rules! 有太多的规则了！ (2b p23)
too many “太多”，只修饰可数名词复数，too much “太多”，只修饰不可数名词。
【辨析】too many, too much与much too
too many 意为“太多”，修饰可数名词复数形式。
too much 意为“太多”，作宾语。
意为“太多”，修饰不可数名词。
意为“太，非常”，修饰动词作状语。
much too 意为“太，非常”，much用来加强语气，too后接adj.或adv.
There are too many students in our class. 我们班上有太多的学生。
You’ve given me too much. 你给我的太多了。(too much作宾语)
We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。(too much修饰不可数名词work)
You worry too much. 你过于担心了。(too much修饰动词worry，作状语)
The box is much too heavy, so I can’t carry it. 箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。
7. Get up now and make your bed. “现在起床并整理你的床铺” (2b p23)
make one’s/the bed“整理床铺”（one’s要用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来替换）
8. Don’t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen! (2b p23)
leave v. “留下；落下”
leave sth. +介词短语“把某物忘在某处”
9. don’t be noisy, “不要吵闹” (2b p23)
noisy adj. “吵闹的”，其名词为: noise n. “喧闹声；噪音”(不可数名词)
make much noise “制造噪音”
Don’t be so noisy! Jim’s asleep. 别那么吵!吉姆睡觉呢。
The noise awoke me from my sleep.喧闹声使我从梦中醒过来。
10. After dinner, I can’t relax either. (2b p23)
relax v. “放松;休息”
Relax and take it easy for a while. 放松一下，休息一会儿.
Don’t worry about it, just try to relax. 不要为这事担心，放松些。
【拓展】relaxing adj. “令人轻松的”(形容事物)；relaxed adj. “感到轻松的”(形容人)
11. I must read a book before I can watch TV. (2b p23)
【辨析】read, see, watch与look (at)
read “读，阅读”，指看/读书、报、杂志等。
see “看见，看到”，指无意识地看见，强调“看”的结果，后可直接加宾语。
watch “观看”，指看电视、电影、节目、比赛、演出等，有欣赏之意。
look “看”，强调“看”的动作，接宾语时，后要加介词at.
I like reading at home. 我喜欢在家看书。
Look at the blackboard, please. 请看黑板。
How many birds can you see in the tree 你能看到树上有多少只鸟儿
Do you watch TV at night 你晚上看电视吗
12. Parents and schools are sometimes strict, but remember, they make rules to help us. (2b p23)
(1)strict adj. “严格的；严厉的”
be strict with sb. “对某人要求严格”；
be strict in sth. “对某事要求严格，对某方面严格要求”
be strict about sth. “对某事很严格”
She’s on a very strict diet.她正严格节食。
She’s very strict with her children. 她待子女很严。
She’s very strict about things like homework.她对作业非常严格。
We must be strict about this problem.我们必须严肃对待这个问题.
(2)remember v. “记住；记起”
　　 remember to do sth.“记得要做某事”(未做)
remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”(已做)
This afternoon we’re going to have an English class; remember to bring your book. 今天下午我们将要上英语课，记得带你的书来。
I remember seeing her somewhere. 我记得以前在哪儿见过她。
【拓展】forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
stop to do sth.停下来去做另件事情 stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情
13. and I have to keep my hair short. (3a p24)
keep v.“保持；保留”
keep sb./sth. + adj. “保持……”
keep up with“跟上；不落后；赶上”
keep doing sth.继续/重复做某事
He always keeps his room tidy/in order. 他经常保持房间整齐。
Don’t run; I can’t keep up with you. 别跑了，我赶不上你了。
The child kept crying. 那孩子哭个不停。
14. I can’t relax on weekends either because I have to learn to play the piano. (3a p24)
learn v“学习”；learner n. “初学者”
learn to do sth. “学会/学习做某事” learn from“向……学习”
learn about“学习，了解”
You must learn to be more patient. 你必须学会更有耐心。
You can learn from your mistakes. 你可以从错误中吸取教训。
Do you want to learn about robots 你想学习机器人相关的知识吗
15. I never have fun. (3a p24)
have fun (doing sth.)= enjoy oneself = have a good/great/nice/wonderful time“玩得高兴，过得愉快”
Have fun at the party tonight. 今晚的晚会上玩得很开心。
They have fun playing basketball. 他们打篮球很开心。
16. 祈使句：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、建议、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令。
Go and wash your hands. 去洗你的手。(命令)
Be quiet, please. (Please be quiet.) 请安静。(请求)
Be kind to our sister. 对姊妹要和善。(劝告 )
Watch your steps. 走路小心。(警告 )
Keep off the grass. 勿践草坪。(禁止)
(1) 肯定祈使句的构成
①Do型:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分
Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。
②Be型:Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分
Be a good child! 要做一个好孩子!
③Let型: Let+ 宾语+动词原形+其它成分
Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
(2) 否定祈使句的构成
①Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don’t构成。
Don’t forget me! 不要忘记我!
Don’t make such a noise. 不要这么吵。
Don’t be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
②Let型的否定式有两种:“Don’t+ let +宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+ not+动词原形+其它成分”。
Don’t let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
③有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking！禁止吸烟!
No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
(3)对祈使句的基本回答
①Tom, take the box to Mr. Smith’s office. 汤姆，把箱子搬到史密斯先生的办公室去。
肯定回答:Yes, I will. 好的，我会做的。
否定回答:Sorry, I can’t carry it.对不起,我搬不动它。
②Don’t listen to music in class.课堂上不要听音乐。No, I won’t. 好的，我不会的。(用于自己之前没做过，同时也表明自己今后也不会做时)
或Sorry, I won’t do it in future.对不起,我今后不会这样做了。(用于自己犯错，被别人禁止做时)
③Let’s go out for a walk.(用“Let’s do sth.”时，常用于提出建议)
肯定回答: That’s a god idea. 或That sounds good.(直接表示赞同)
否定回答:OH, no. I’s too hot. 或Oh, no. Let’s watch TV at home. (可用“No”作否定回答，并适当解释或提出自己的见解)
祈使句一般要对方去做的动作是在将来发生。
肯定回答时常用“Yes, I will";
否定回答时常用“No, I won’t”等。“will”为“将要”之意，“won’t”为“will”和“not”的缩写形式，为“将不,将不会”之意。

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