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人教新目标七年级英语下册
Unit 8 Is there a post office near here
Section A
1. police n. “警察”，是警察的总称，是一个集体名词，它在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数；若表单个警察用policeman或policewoman，复数形式分别为policemen, policewomen.
2. The pay phone is across from the library. (2a p44)
across from = opposite = on the other side of意为“在……对面”
★The post office is across from the supermarket.
= The post office is on the other side of/opposite the supermarket.
3. The pay phone is next to the library. (2a p44)
next to = beside = close to意为“在……的旁边；紧挨着
★I don’t like wool next to my skin.我不喜欢把毛衣贴身穿。
★He placed his chair next to mine.他把椅子放在我的旁边。
4. The pay phone is in front of the library. (2a p44)
in front of意为“在……前面”
★There are some flowers in front of the house. 房子前面有些花。
【辨析】in front of与in the front of“在……前面”
in front of 强调一个物体在另一个物体外部的前面
in the front of 强调一个物体在另一个物体内部的前面
★There is a big tree in front of the classroom.在教室前面有一颗大树。(教室外)
★There is a big desk in the front of the classroom.在教室的前部有一张大桌子。(教室内)
5. Hi, excuse me. (2c p44)
excuse me表示“劳驾，打扰一下 ”常在向陌生人求助的时候使用。对某事有异议、想要插话、礼貌地引起对方的注意、客气地请求(允许)的时候也可以说excuse me,表示“抱歉，打断一下”。经过别人的旁边的时候可说excuse me,表示“借过，劳驾”。
★Excuse me, can you tell me where is the nearest bank 打扰一下，你能告诉我最近的银行在哪儿吗
★Excuse me, I'm afraid that you made some mistakes.抱歉，你好像弄错了些事情。
★Excuse me, can I get past 劳驾，让我过去可以吗
6. Yes. How can I help you (2c p44)
How can I help you 是向他人主动提出帮助的套语。类似句子还有:
Can/Could/May I help you 我能帮助你吗？/你想要点什么？
What can I do for you 我能为你做点什么？/我能帮你什么？
How can/could/may I help you 我能怎样帮助你？
Do you need any help 你需要帮忙吗？
Is there anything I can do for you 有什么我能为你做的？
Is there anything I can help with you 需要我为你做什么吗？
★--Hello, good morning, how can I help you, madam 早上好，夫人，能为您做点什么吗
--I’m looking for a dress for my daughter.我想为女儿买件连衣裙。
7. It’s not far from here. (2c p44)
far from意为“离…...远”，相当于far away from,通常不与具体数字连用。若与具体数字连用，常用away from。其反义词组为be close to,意为“离.....近”。
★My home is not far (away) from our school.我家离我们学校不远。
★The bank is 3 kilometers away from here.银行离这儿有三千米远。
Section B
1. go along (1a p46)
go along = walk along意为“沿着……走”，along无方向性。
go down = walk down意为“沿着……走”(有往下走之意)
go up = walk up意为“沿着……走”(有往上走之意)
2. turn right (1a p46)
turn right/left = turn to the right/left意为“向右/左转”
on the right/left 意为“在右/左边” on one’s right/left意为“在某人的右/左边”
on the right/left of意为“在……的右/左边”
3. Turn right at the first crossing and the restaurant is on your left, across from the pay phone. (1c p46)
at the first crossing意为“在第一次十字路口”
turn right/left at the +序数词+crossing = take the +序数词+crossing on the right/left意为“在第……个十字路口向右/左转”
4. I like to spend time there on weekends. (2b p47)
spend time意为“度过时光，消磨时间”，spend time with sb.意为“和某人在一起度过时光”
【辨析】spend, pay, cost, take（花费）
spend 主语是人 sb. spend(s)... on sth. sb. spend(s)...doing sth. 某人花时间/金钱做某事
pay 主语是人 sb. pay(s) some money for sth. 某人为某物付多少钱
cost 主语是物 sth. cost(s) sb. some money 某物花费某人一些钱
take 常用it做形式主语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人一些时间
★I spent two hours on this math problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。
★They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
★Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
★It’ll take a month to get all the materials.我要花费一个月收集全部材料。
★I paid fifty yuan for the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣。
5. I love to watch the monkeys climbing around.我喜欢看猴子们爬来爬去。(2b p47)
(1)love to do sth.喜欢做某事(表某次具体动作)
love doing sth. 喜欢做某事(表习惯性、爱好)
love sth./sb.意为“喜爱某物/某人”
(2)watch sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”(强调动作正在进行)
watch sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做了某事”(强调动作发生的全过程或经常性动作)
(find, see, notice, hear与watch用法相同)
★I watched her dancing just now. 我刚才看见她正在跳舞。
★We can watch the birds fly in the sky. 我们能够看到鸟儿在天上飞。
★I often watch them play basketball. 我经常看他们打篮球。
(3) climb v.意为“爬”，climber n.意为“登山者；攀登者”。
climb up“爬上” climb down“爬下” climb around“到处爬”
6. They look like my friends and me when we fight. (2b p47)
look like 意为“看起来像”，like在此为介词，多指从外表、外观上看上去“像什么”，后接名词/代词作宾语。
★He looks like his father. 他长的像她的爸爸。
7. To get there, I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road. (2b p47)
to get there 为动词不定式短语，在句中做目的状语，放在句首起强调作用，也可放在句末。这是英语行文的一种方式，即在句子的开头用动词不定式to do 短语，并用逗号将其与句子的主体部分隔开，相当于汉语“(若)要做……的话”。
★To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 要学好英语，他需要一本词典。
★He works day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。
8. The best things in life are free.生活中最美好的事情都是免费的。 (2b p47)
in life，介词短语 “生活中，一生中“，在此句中，作定语，用来修饰thing，介词短语作定语往往后置。
free adj. 在此句中，意为“免费的”，在句中可作表语或定语。还有“有空的；空闲的；自由的”之意。
be free = have time意为“有空”
★There is no free lunch in the world.
★She lives in a free country, but she doesn’t feel free.
9. It is very quiet and I enjoy reading there.那很安静，我喜欢在那里看书。(2b p47)
enjoy 及物动词 “享受，喜爱”，后接名词/代词或动名词（doing）作宾语。
enjoy sth.意为“享受某物；喜爱某物”
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good/great/nice/wonderful time“玩得开心”
★We enjoy the film very much. 我们非常喜欢那部电影。
★She enjoys listening to music in her free time.她闲暇时喜欢听音乐。
★You can enjoy yourself there. = You can have fun there. = You can have a good time there. 你能在那玩得开心。
there be句型
(1)there be句型的含义
表示什么地方或时间存在什么事情，句子的结尾往往带有地点状语或时间状语。其中there是引导词，本身没有词意，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。
(2)there be句型的基本结构
结构: There be +主语+时间状语/地点状语。
★There was a meeting yesterday.昨天有个会议。
【句子分析】There was a meeting yesterday.
There be 主语 时间状语
(3). there be结构的主谓一致
be动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致，若be动词后是两个或多个并列的名词，be动词则与靠得最近的那个名词的数保持一致(即就近原则)。
★There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和很多铅笔。
★There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk.桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和很多铅笔。
(4). there be句型与have/has
there be 某处/某时有某人/某物 强调客观存在
have/has 某人/某物有某物 强调所属关系
★There are some children in the garden. 花园里有几个孩子。
★She has three cars. 她拥有三辆汽车。(汽车是属于她的)
问路与指路的表达
(1)问路
在问路之前，一般要先说“Excuse me”以示礼貌，然后再问路。常见的问路方式:
Can/Could you tell/show me the way to …, please 你能告诉我去.....的路吗
Which is the way to …, please 请问哪条是去……的路吗？
Where is ... ......在哪里
How can I get/go to ... 我怎样才能到达.....
Do you know the way to ... 你知道去....的路吗
Is there ... around/near here 这附近有.....吗
Where is the nearest ... please 请问最近的....在哪
Could you tell me how to get to … 你能告诉我怎样到达……吗？
Is it far from… to … 从……到……远吗？
★Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the police station 打扰一下，你能告诉我去警察局的路吗
★Excuse me. Where is the Blue Sky Hotel 打扰一下，请问蓝天大酒店在哪儿
★Excuse me. How can I get to the History Museum, please 打扰下，请问我怎样能到历史博物馆
★Excuse me. Do you know the way to the park, please 打扰一下，请问你知道去公园的路吗
★Excuse me. Is there a hospital near here 打扰一下，这附近有医院吗
★Excuse me. Where is the nearest post office, please 打扰下，请问最近的邮局在哪里
(2)指路
当别人向你问路，并且你知道这条路时，可以根据实际情况用下面的句子来指路:
It’s next to /across from /near /behind the... 它在…...的隔壁/对面/附近/后面。
Take the ... No. bus. 乘坐…...路公共汽车。
Walk/Go along/up/down this street/road. 沿着这条街/路走。
Turn left /right at the ... turning. 在第......个转弯处向左/向右转。
It’s a ten-minute walk. 走路十分钟。
It takes about ten minutes by bus. 坐公共汽车大约花费十分钟。
★It’s next to Zhongshan Park. 它在中山公园隔壁。
★You’d better take the No.92 bus.你最好乘92路公共汽车。
★Walk along this road, and you will see a gas station on your left.沿着这条路走，在你的左手边你会看到一座加油站。
★Turn left at the third turning and walk on, and soon you'll see a tall building on the left.在第三个拐弯处向左转，然后继续走，不久你就会看到左边有一座高楼。

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