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人教新目标七年级英语下册
Unit 11 How was your school trip
Section A
1. went for a walk (1a p61)
go for a walk相当于take/have a walk,其中walk为名词，意为“散步”。
“go for a/an + 名词”表“去参加/从事某项活动或运动”。
★Let’s go for a short walk. = Let’s take a short walk. 咱们去散散步吧。
go out for a walk出去散步 have/take walks散步
【拓展】walk也可作动词，意为“走路;步行”，其后常跟“to十地点名词”，若其后跟home, here, there等地点副词时，则不需要加介词to。
★Mary walks to school every day. 玛丽每天步行去上学。
★My home is not far from my school, so I walk home after school. 我家离学校不远，所以放学后我走路回家。
2. milked a cow (1a p61)
milk v.意为“挤奶”；n.意为“牛奶”，是不可数名词。
drink milk 喝牛奶 a glass of milk 一杯牛奶
★She milks the cows twice a day. 她一天给奶牛挤两次奶。
★I’d like some milk for breakfast. 早餐我想喝点牛奶。
3. fed chickens (1a p61)
feed n.意为“喂养；饲养；养活”，后可直接宾语，其过去式为fed。
★I must feed the children tonight. 今晚我必须给小孩喂食。
★She has a large family to feed. 她要养活一大家人。
feed ... on/with ... 意为“用...... 喂......”，feed后接表人或动物的名词，with/on后接表食物或饲料的词。
feed … to … 意为“给……喂……”，to为介词，其后接喂养对象。
feed on意为“以……为食”，其主语通常是动物，也可是婴儿，宾语是表饲料或食物的名词。
★What do you feed your dog on 你用什么喂狗
★She fed some meat to her dog. 她给狗喂了一些肉。
★The pandas feed on bamboo. 熊猫以竹子为食。
★He feeds the cat with fish. 他用鱼来喂猫。
4. I saw quite a lot. (1b p61)
quite a lot意为“相当多”
(1) quite adv.意为“相当；颇；完全” ，相当于very ，修饰形容词或副词，强调程度。(2)a lot 在此意为“多”，为名词性词组。
【拓展】a lot也可作副词性词组，修饰动词，意为“十分，非常”，相当于very much。
quite a few +复数名词，“相当多的” quite a lot (of... )“许多......”
★I was quite busy last week. 我上星期相当忙。
★That’s quite another matter. 那完全是另外一回事。
★There are quite a lot of long rivers in China. 中国有许多长河。
5. Did you learn anything (2a p62)
anything是不定代词，意为“任何东西；任何事物”，常用于否定句或疑问句中。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
★We don’t have anything to tell you. 我们没有事情要告诉你。
★Did you notice anything unusual in the room 你注意到房间里有什么不同寻常的东西吗
【拓展】something常用于肯定句中，当含有something的肯定句变为否定句或疑问句，要将something改为anything；但在表委婉的邀请、请求、建议时或在希望得到肯定回答或认可的问句中，一般还用something。
形容词修饰something，anything等时，形容词要后置。
★Could you please give me something to eat 你能给我一些吃的东西吗
★Did she tell you anything interesting 她跟你说过什么有趣的事吗？
6. Did you grow any apples (2a p62)
grow在此处作及物动词，意为“种植”,其过去式为grew, grow后可直接名词或代词作宾语。
★We grew some flowers in the yard. 我们在院子里种了些花。
grow作不及物动词，意为“生长;发育”。grow up是固定短语，意为“长大;成长”
★In spring, everything begins to grow. 春天万物复苏。
★He wants to be a singer when he grows up. 他长大后想成为一名歌手。
★She grew up in Beijing. 她在北京长大。
grow还可作连系动词，意为“逐渐变得;逐渐成为”，强调变化的过程。
★It’s growing dark.天渐渐变黑。
7. The farmer showed Carol around the farm. (2b p62)
show sb. around (sp)意为 “带领某人参观(某地)” 相当于take sb. around (sp)。
★Let me show you around. 让我带领你四处逛逛。
★My friend showed me around this small town. 我的朋友带我四处游览这个小镇。
【拓展】含有show的短语
show up出现；露面 show off炫耀
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看/展示某物
8. Carol learned a lot about farming. (2b p62)
learn ... about = know … about，意为 “学习了解/知道关于......”
★I’d like to learn something about the human body. 我想了解有关人体的知识。
learn about“了解; 获悉；得知”
★I’m sorry to learn about your illness.听说你病了，我十分难过。
learn from… “向……学习”
9. How was your trip last week 上周你的旅行怎么样 (2d P62)
How was … 用来询问情况怎么样，其中how是疑问副词，意为“如何；怎样”。其答语根据情况常用的有: It was OK / good /great (还可以)或It was not bad (还不错)等。
★--How was your weekend 你周末过得怎样
--It was not bad. 还不错。
How + be + 主语 + 其他 ，当主语是物时，可与What + be … like 互换，表询问对方对某事物的看法。
10. It was excellent. (2d p62)
excellent =very good，意为“极好的，优秀的”
be excellent in sth. 意为“在...方面极好”
★He is excellent in math . 他在数学方面极好。
11. I visited my grandparents in the countryside. (2d p62)
in the countryside = in the country意为“在乡村；在农村”
12. I went fishing every day. (2d p62)
go fishing意为“去钓鱼”，属于“go + v-ing”结构，表“从事某项活动”。
★They went fishing yesterday. 他们昨天去钓鱼了。
go+ v-ing表示去从事某种活动，类似的表达有:
go shopping去购物 go swimming去游泳
go camping去野营 go boating去划船
go skating去滑冰 go hiking去远足
13. It was so much fun. (2d p62)
so much 意为“如此多，这么多”，修饰不可数名词或动词；so many 意为“这么多，如此多”修饰可数名词复数。
★If you eat so much junk food, you will get fat. 如果你吃如此多的垃圾食品，你就会变胖。
★We have so many friends here. 我们在这里有如此多的朋友。
fun 此处为不可数名词，“乐趣；开心”。have fun玩得开心
14. Lucky you. (2d p62)
Lucky you. = You’re lucky. = How lucky you are. 你多幸运啊。
15. it got very cloudy and we worried it would rain. (3a p63)
worry v. & n.意为 “担心；担忧”
worry about sb. /sth. “担心某人/某物”（表动作）
have some worries“有一些担忧(烦恼)”
【拓展】worried adj.意为“担心的；担忧的”,常用于形容人。be worried about“为.....担心；担心某人/某物”（表状态）
★Jim is worrying about his English exam. 吉姆正为他的英语考试担心。
★She is worried about her son. 她很担心她的儿子。
★The worry showed on her face. 她的脸上显出焦虑的神色。
16. Luckily, it did not, and the sun came out again! 幸运的是，没有下雨，而且太阳又出来了！(3a p63)
come out是固定短语，意为“出来”，后不接宾语，主语是人或物。
★Tom, please come out! 汤姆,请出来一下!
★The rain stopped and the sun came out. 雨停了,太阳出来了。
【拓展】come out还有“出版；盛开；开花；被获知”等之意。
★Li Lei’s new novel came out last month. 上个月李磊的新小说出版了。
★Flowers begin to come out in spring.春天花儿开始盛开。
★The secret will finally come out. 这个秘密终究要被人知道的。
Section B
1. visit a fire station (1a p64)
fire作为“火”讲时是不可数名词，作为“炉火，火灾”时为可数名词。
be on fire = catch a fire 着火 make a fire 生火
put out the fire 灭火 fire fighter 消防员
★The grass was on fire for a short time. 草烧了一会儿。
★There was a fire yesterday. 昨天有一场火灾。
2. exciting, fast (2a p65)
①exciting意为“使人兴奋地，令人激动的”常说明事物具有特的征，用以形容事物，在句中一般作定语和表语。
excited 意为“兴奋的，激动地”常说明人的感受，用以形容人，在句中一般作表语。
②fast 侧重与运动速度快；
quicky指动作敏捷或完成得快，具有“即刻行动，毫不耽搁”之意
soon 指（时间上）不久的将来会发生某个动作或情况
3. I went on a school trip. (2b p65)
go on a trip意为“参加旅行”，相当于have a trip，是“go on+ a/an+名词”结构的短语,表“进行/参加某项活动”。go on trip to...意为“去.....旅行”。
★Do you want to go on a trip with me 你想和我一起去旅行吗
★He went on a trip to Thailand. 他去泰国旅行了。
【拓展】“go on a/an + 名词”结构的短语
go on a hike去远足 go on a vacation去度假
go on a diet节食
4. Then the guide taught us how to make a model robot. (2b p65)
(1)teach v.意为“教”，teach的常用短语：
teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 teach sb. how to do sth. 教某人如何做某事
teach sb. sth. 教某人..... teach oneself sth.自学
★He teaches us to make a model robot. 他教我们制作机器人模型。
★He teaches himself English. 他自学英语。
(2) how to make为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作teach的直接宾语。此结构中疑问词包括疑问代词“what，which, who”疑问副词“when, where, how”
★Where to go is still a question. 去哪里还是个问题。
★I don’t know what to do next. 我不知道下一步做什么？
【拓展】常接“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语的动词有：teach, know, ask, tell, show等。
5. I went to the gift shop and bought some lovely gifts for my parents. (2b p65)
(1)buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth. 意为“给某人买某物”
★My father bought a new bike for me. = My father bought me a new bike. 爸爸给我买了辆新自行车。
(2) lovely adj.意为“可爱的”。
lovely是以ly结尾的形容词，英语中类似的词还有: friendly (友好的)，lively (生气勃勃的)，lonely (孤独的)。
★Laura is a lovely young woman. 劳拉是位非常可爱的年轻女性。
★They've got a lovely house. 他们有一幢漂亮的房子。
6. Everything was about robots and I’m not interested in that. (2b p65)
(1) everything为不定代词，意为“所有事物，一切”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
★Everything is ready now for the journey. 外出旅游的一切都已准备妥当。，
★-- How’s everything with you 最近好吗
-- Not bad. 还不错。
(2)be interested in sth. = show/get/become interested in = take an interest in对某事感兴趣；
be interested in doing sth 对做某事感兴趣；
interested 感兴趣的；某人对某物感兴趣，常说明人；
interesting 有趣的；某物具有令人感兴趣的特征，常说明物。
★He is interested in drawing. 他对画画感兴趣。
★Jack is interested in playing basketball. 杰克对打篮球感兴趣。
7. The rooms were really dark and it was difficult to take photos, (2b p65)
It is+adj./n.+to do sth. 意为“做某事是......的”。其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。常用于这一句型中的形容词有hard、difficult、easy、important、interesting、necessary、impossible等。
★It is quite impossible to get there in three hours. 三个小时到达那里是完全不可能的。
★It is very important for us to learn English well. 学习英语对于我们来说很重要。
8. …I couldn’t really see or hear the guide… (2b p65)
hear意为“听见”强调听得结果，后直接加宾语；listen 意为“听”强调听的动作，后加宾语时要加介词to
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做了某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事
hear of/about 听说 hear from sb. 接到...的信（电话等)
★I heard someone laughing. 我听见有人笑。(强调正在笑)
★Did you hear him go out 你听见他走出去了吗 (强调走出去这件事)
★I didn’t hear of that place. 我没有听说过那个地方。
★Do you hear from your sister 你收到你姐姐的来信了吗
一般过去时(一)
1. 一般过去时的意义
(1)表过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表过去的时间状语如: yesterday, last weekend, in 1990, two days ago连用;
(2)表过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表频度的时间状语如: often, always等连用。
★I played tennis last weekend. 我上周末打网球了。
★He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他总是乘坐公共汽车上班。
2. 一般过去时的基本结构
(1)肯定句
“主语+ was/ were +其他.”或“主语+动词过去式+其他”
★My school trip was great. 我的学校郊游棒极了。
★He got up at 6:30 yesterday. 昨天早上他六点半起床。
(2)否定句
“主语 + wasn’t/weren’t +其他.”或“主语+ didn’t +动词原形+其他”
★Old Henry wasn’t happy last Friday. 上星期五老亨利不高兴。
★The girl didn’t play computer games yesterday afternoon. 这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。
(3)一般疑问句
句式结构 肯定回答 否定回答
Was/Were+主语+其他？ Yes, 主语+was/were. No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
Did+主语+动原+其他？ Yes, 主语+did. No, 主语+didn’t.
★-- Was your weekend OK 你的周末过得还好吧
-- Yes, it was. /No, it wasn’t. 是的，还好。/不，不好。
★-- Did you go to the beach 你们去海滩了吗
-- Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t. 是的，我们去了。/不，我们没有。

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