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2024人教版八年级下期中重要短语和知识点
Unit 1 What’s the matter
词性转换
1.脚；足n. foot(复数) feet
2.胃；腹部n. stomach(复数) stomachs胃痛；腹痛n. stomachache
3.躺；平躺v. lie(过去式) lay(现在分词) lying
4.(使)疼痛；受伤v. hurt(过去式) hurt(过去分词) hurt
5.问题；苦恼n. trouble(同义词) matter/problem
6.(用手或器具)击；打v. hit(过去式) hit(过去分词) hit
7.她(主格)pron. she她自己(反身代词)pron. herself
8.生病的；有病的adj. sick(近义词) ill
9.我们(主格)pron. we我们自己(反身代词)pron. ourselves
10.爬v. climb登山者；攀登者n. climber
11.刀n. knife(复数) knives
12.意思是；打算；意欲v. mean(过去式) meant意义；意思n. meaning 有意义的adj. Meaningful
13.重要的adj. important 不重要的adj. unimportant 重要性n. importance
14.决定；下决心v. decide决定；抉择n. decision
15.死 v. die(过去式) died(现在分词) dying死的；失去生命的adj. dead死；死亡n. death
二、重点短语
1.have a cold 受凉;感冒 2. have a stomachache 胃疼
3. lie down 躺下
4. take one’s temperature 量体温
5.have a fever 发烧
6.take breaks(take a break) 休息
7. get off/on 下车/上车
8. to one’s surprise 使....... 惊讶的是
in surprise 惊喜地
9. right away/at once 立即；马上
10.get into 陷入；参与
11.be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
12.used to do 过去常常做某事
13. take risks 冒险
14. run out (of) 用完;用尽
15.cut off 切除
16.get out of 离开，从...出来
17.be in control (of) 掌管;管理
18. give up (doing) sth. 放弃
19. drink enough water 喝足够的水
20. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
21. get an X-ray 拍X 光片
22. go to a doctor 看医生
23. get into trouble 造成麻烦
24. put some medicine on sth. 在…上面敷药
25.put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎
26. hurt oneself 受伤
27.fall down 摔倒
28. without thinking twice 没有多想
29. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖
30. because of 由于
31. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事
32. in time 及时 on time准时
33. so that 以便于；为了
三、固定搭配
1.躺：lie-lay-lain-lying 说谎：lie-lied-lied-lying 下蛋：lay-laid-laid-laying (规则的撒谎，不规则的躺，躺过就下蛋)
3. need有两种词性，实义动词和情态动词
实义动词：1. need sth. 2. need (sb.) to do 3. don’t need..... 情态动词：1. need+原型
4.see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事（强调全过程） see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事（强调正在发生）
expect sth.期待某物 expect(sb.) to do 期待某人做某事
6. agree with sb.同意某人 agree to do同意做某事
7.have trouble/problems/difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难
be in trouble处于困境 get(sb.) into trouble(使某人)陷入困境
8.used to do sth.过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做
9.so...that+从句：如此...以至于 so that：为了，目的是引导目的状语从句
in order to do sth. 为了去做某事 in order that +句子 为了......
What’s the meaning of... =What does...mean ....的意思是什么？
thanks to 多亏；由于
thanks for (doing) sth. 意为“因（做）某事而感谢....
mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
make a decision to do sth. 决定做某事= decide to do sth.
be interested in +doing sth. 对...感兴趣
because +句子 because of +词组 因为...
the importance of (doing) sth. “(做）某事的重要性”。
sth.+ happen+to sb.”指“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”
get hit +on/in the +身体部位 表示身体部位受(外)伤 on后面接硬的部位，in后面接软的组织。
20.准备好做某事；愿意做某事 be ready to do sth.
重点语法
询问病情：①What’s the matter (with you) ②What’s wrong (with you)
③What’s the problem (with you) ④What happened (to you)
2.回答病情：①have a/an +疾病． ②have a/an +身体部位+ache. ③have a sore + 身体部位．
3.情态动词should的基本句式：①肯定句：主语 + should + V原 + 其它.
②否定句：主语 + shouldn't + V原 + 其它.
③一般疑问句：Should + 主语 +V原 + 其它
答句：—Yes, 主语 + should. / —No, 主语 + shouldn't.
④ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + should + 主语 +V原 + 其它
4.反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
常用于：teach oneself,enjoy oneself,dress oneself, hurt oneself, help oneself，by oneself
Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks.
一、词性转换
1.拥有v. own物主；主人n. owner
2.感觉；触摸 v. feel(过去式) felt 感觉；感触n. feeling
3.使满意 v. satisfy满足；满意n. satisfaction满足的adj. satisfied
4.募集；征集v. raise(过去式) raised(现在分词) raising
5.打破(断，碎)；损坏；撕开v. break (过去式) broke破损的；残缺的adj. broken
6.使残废；使无能力v. disable丧失能力的；有残疾的adj. disabled
7.想象；设想v. imagine想象力n. imagination
8.难的；艰难的；不易相处的adj. difficult困难；难题n. difficulty
9.培训；训练v. train培训；训练n. training
10.使兴奋；使激动v. excite使人兴奋的adj. exciting激动的；兴奋的adj. excited激动；兴奋n. excitement
11.友好的adj. kind仁慈；善良n. kindness
12.理解；领会v. understand(过去式) understood善解人意的adj. understanding
13.兴趣；关注n. 使感兴趣；使关注v. interest有趣的adj. interesting感兴趣的adj. Interested
14.clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever
二、重点短语
1. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
2. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋
3. give out 分发;散发
4. come up with 想出；提出
5. put off 推迟;延迟
6. hand out 分发;散发;发给
7. call up 打电话;召集
8. used to do sth.过去常常做某事
9. care for 关心;照顾
10.try out 试用;试行；参加...选拔
11. fix up 修理;修补;解决
12.give away 赠送;捐赠
13. take after 与......相像;像
14. set up 建立;设立
15. make a difference+to sb. 影响;对...有作用/影响
16. an old people’s home 养老院
17. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
18. the look of joy 快乐的表情
19. at the age of 在......岁时
20. put up 建造;举起;张贴
21. for example 比如；例如
22. raise money 筹钱;募捐
23. be similar to 与……相似
24. be able to 能够
25. after-school reading program课外阅读项目
26.volunteer to do自愿做 27.sick kids生病的孩子
28.homeless people无家可归的人
29.be busy with sth忙于.... 30.disabled people残疾人
三、固定搭配
1.volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 volunteer as... 自愿作为....
2.notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事 notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做了某事
3.be strong in (doing) sth相当于be good at…或do well in 擅长...
4.to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是
5.to one's joy 令某人高兴的是
6.the owner of... ...的主人
7.go on a journey 去旅行
8.raise money for... 为...筹钱
9.such +a/an+adj.+可数名词单数 such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词
so+adj. so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数
10.at the age of 后直接跟基数词，相当于“at age+基数词”或“at+基数词”。
11.talk to sb.与某人交谈 tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事
12.listen to sb. 听某人的话
13.have trouble/problems/difficulty in doing做某事有困难
14.be busy with sth.表示“忙于做某事”, with后要接名词性的词或短语。相当于be busy doing sth. (不可用to do sth.)。
15.be excited about sth. 对...感到兴奋 be excited to do sth. 对做某事感到兴奋
16.not ……any more 不再……
17.把某物给某人 give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
18.make it + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth. 使(某人)做某事是...
19. make a big /great difference 有重大影响；起很大作用 make no difference 没有影响；无关紧要
20.help sb out (with) sth. 帮助某人解决困难
21.get sb sth.= get sth. for sb.为某人弄到某物
22.be excited about (doing) sth. 对(做)某事感到兴奋
23.the idea of doing sth. 做某事的想法
24. imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 imagine sb.to do sth. 想象某人做某事
四、重点语法
1.
lonely 孤独的，寂寞的 adj. 定语，表语 有感情
alone 独自，单独 adj./adv. 状语，表语 无感情
动词to do 不定式的用法：①作宾语：want to do, would like to do， decide to do, learn to do, hope to do, wish to do, agree to do, plan to do... ...
②作宾补：tell sb to do sth, ask sb to do sth, want sb to do sth, teach sb to do sth, wish sb to do sth, promise sb to do sth,
expect sb to do sth, invite sb to do sth, help sb to do sth,
order(命令）sb to do sth
③表目的，“为了”，后一件事是前一件事的目的，用“to”连接
④疑问词+不定式:what, which, where, when, which, who, how等词之后要加“to”
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
一、 词性转换
1.扫；打扫v. sweep(过去式) swept　　　　　　
2.扔；掷v. throw(过去式) threw
3.借给；借出v. lend(过去式) lent
4.厌恶v. hate(过去式) hated
5.精神压力；心理负担n. stress焦虑不安的adj. stressed
6.发展；壮大v. develop发展；发育；成长n. development
7.依靠；信赖v. depend独立的；自主的adj. independent 独立n. independence
8.邻居n. neighbor街区；街坊n. neighborhood
9.有病；不舒服adj. ill疾病n. illness
10.落下；掉下v. drop(过去式) dropped
11.合理的；公正的adj. fair(反义词) unfair公正性；合理性n. fairness
二、重点短语
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
all the time 频繁；反复
as soon as 一...就...
in order to 目的是；为了
depend on 依靠；依赖
take care of 照顾；处理
7. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
8. get a ride 搭车
9. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
10. do the dishes 洗餐具
11. fold the clothes 叠衣服
12. sweep the floor 扫地
13. make the bed 整理床铺
14. as a result结果
15. help out 帮忙
16. get good grades取得好成绩
17. throw down 扔下
18.as soon as=the minute 一...就...
19.in surprise 惊讶地
20.hang out 闲逛
21. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
22. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
23.a waste of time浪费时间
24. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
25. look after/take care of 照顾；照看
26. develop children’s independence发展孩子的独立性
27. do one’s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事
三、固定搭配
1.on the floor 在地板上 on the+序数词+floor 在...楼
2.in a mess一团糟 make a mess 弄得一团糟
3.throw sth. to sb. 将某物扔给某人(不含恶意) throw sth. at sb. 向...扔去(含恶意)
4.neither+be/助/情态动词+主语 “...也不” so+be/助/情态动词+主语 “...也是”
5.Neither ... nor ...既不...也不... Neither of ... 两者都不
6.either 表示“也”时，一般只用于否定句，且置于句末。
7.pass sb. sth. =pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
8.borrow sth. from sb. 从...借来某物 lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人
9.hate sb./sth. hate to do/doing sth.讨厌做某事
10.the minute 相当于 as soon as, 表示“一...就”（主将从现）
11.in front of 在...前面（外部） in the front of 在...前部（内部）
12. as ... as 意为 “和……一样” ，表示同级的比较。 as +形/副原级+as...
13.完成做某事 finish doing sth.
14.金钱、时间、距离、度量作主语，谓语动词用单数形式.I think two hours of TV is enough for you!
15.hang out with sb. 与... 某人闲逛
16.pass sb. sth. / pass sth. to sb. 给某人递东西
17.try (not) to do sth. 努力(不)做某事
18.waste time/money on sth. 在某事上浪费时间/金钱 waste time/money (in) doing sth. 在做某事上浪费时间和金钱
a waste of... 浪费... a waste of time/money 为固定搭配，”（时间/金钱）的浪费
It’s a waste of time /money doing/to do sth. 浪费时间/金钱做某事
19.in order to do sth. 为了....... in order that +从句 为了....=so that+从句
20.provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物
21.invite sb. to+地点名词 邀请某人到某地 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
22.spend + 钱/时间 + on sth. 在...上花费钱/时间 spend + 钱/时间 + doing sth.在做...上花费钱/时间
23.have time to do sth. 有时间做某事
24.mind doing sth. 介意做某事
25.It+ is /was +n./adj. +(for sb)+ to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是....
26.the + 比较级，the +比较级 “越……越……”
四、重点语法
1.could的用法： 含义：“能够， 可能”；比can更委婉不能作谓语, 没有人称和数的变化，后加动词原形
（1） 委婉地请求别人做某事（提出请求）
句型：Could you do… / Could you please do…
你能……吗 / 请问你能……吗
肯定回答： Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./ No problem./Yes, sure.
否定回答： No, I can’t./Certainly not. / No, I’m afraid I can’t.
（2）委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事（征求许可）
句型：Could I do… 我可以做……吗
肯定回答：Yes, you can./Certainly./Yes, sure.
否定回答：No, you can’t./No, I’m afraid you can’t.
.the + 比较级，the +比较级 “越……越……”（必背）
spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人 sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth 在某事上花费......
sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sth He spends too much time on the computer games.
pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人 sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.
(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱
（4）take→took → taken v 花费 It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents
一、词性转换
1.有毛病；错误的adj. wrong (反义词) right
2.交流；沟通v. communicate交流；沟通n. communication
3.云；云朵n. cloud多云的adj. cloudy
4.老的；旧的adj. old年纪较长的adj. elder
5.正确的；恰当的adj. proper适当地；正确地adv. properly
6.第二num. second(基数词) two第二；其次adv. secondly
7.清楚易懂的；晴朗的adj. clear清楚地；显然地adv. clearly
8.按；压；逼迫v. press压力n. pressure
9.意见；想法；看法n. opinion(近义词) idea
10.竞争；对抗v. compete比赛；竞赛n. competition参赛者；竞赛者n. competitor
11.快的；迅速的；时间短暂的adj. quick很快地adv. quickly
12.通常的；寻常的adj. usual(反义词) unusual通常地；一般地adv. usually
二、重点短语
1.look through 快速查看；浏览
2.big deal 重要的事
3.work out 成功地发展；解决
4.get on with 和睦相处；关系良好
5.cut out 删除；删去
6.compare...with 比较；对比
7.in one’s opinion 依...看，以...的观点
8.have free time(to do sth.)有空闲时间
9. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
10. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛
11. get into /have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架
12.give one’ s opinion提出某人的观点
13. call sb. up打电话给某人
14. be angry with sb. 生某人的气
15. get on well with和...友好相处
16. hang over笼罩
17. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
18. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
19. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事
20. worry about sth. 担心某事
21. compete with sb. 与某人竞争
22. get better grades取得更好的成绩
23.give sth. back to sb.归还某人
municate with sb和某人交谈
25.explain to sb向某人解释
二、固定搭配
1.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow (doing) sth. 允许(做)某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
2.make a deal (with...) (与...)达成协议 deal with 处理 It’s not a big deal.=It's no big deal. 没什么大不了的
3.argue with sb. 与某人争吵/争论 argue about sth.就某事争吵/争论 argument n.争吵;争论
4.offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
5.communicate with sb.与某人沟通
6.return sth. to sb.把某物归还给某人 return to sp.回到某地
7.under pressure=under press 处于压力之下 put pressure on sb. 给某人施压
8.compete with 和...竞争 compete for 为...竞争
9.push sb. to do sth.督促某人做某事
10.continue to do/doing sth.继续做某事 =go on/keep on doing sth.
11.compare...to 与...相比较;把...比作 compare...with 与...比较；对比
12.cause sb. sth.=cause sth. for sb.给某人带来... cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
13.be nice to sb. 对某人友好 talk about sth. with sb. 和某人谈论某事
14.place(=put） great pressure on sb. 把巨大的压力放在某人身上
15.the+姓氏 复数 一家人 The Taylors
16.it's time for sth. 到做某事的时间了 = it's time to do sth.
17.one of + CN(复) + v.(单)
18.be good for... 对...有好处 have time to do 有时间做某事
三、重点语法
1. although, so that及until引导的状语从句
意思 引导状语从句的类型
although 虽然；尽管 让步状语从句
so that 以便，为了 目的状语从句
so...that.. 以至于；结果 结果状语从句
until 直到……为止；到……时 时间状语从句
although和but不能同时出现在一个句子里
until用于否定句时，not...until..意为“直到……才……”。
2.提建议的句型
(1) What about doing sth. =How about doing sth..怎么样？(2) Why don’t you do sth.= Why not do sth. 为什么不呢？
(3) Let’s do sth. 让我们一起做某事吧。 (4) Will/Would you please do sth. 请你做…好吗？
(5) Would you like to do sth. 你想去做某事吗？ (6) Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做某事吗？
(7) Shall we do sth. 我们做…好吗？ (8) had better do/not do sth. 最好做/不做某事
（9）Could you please （not） do sth 你能做....吗？
3.too much/too many/much too的区别
(1)too many + 复数名词 许多 too many people (2)too much +不可数名词 许多 too much homework
(3)much too +形容词 太… much too cold
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came
一、词性转换
1.开始v. begin(过去式) began开头；开端n. beginning
2.重的adj. heavy在很大程度上；大量地adv. heavily
3.突然的adj. sudden突然；忽然adv. suddenly
4.奇特的；奇怪的adj. strange陌生人n. stranger
5.风n. wind有风的adj. windy
6.火柴n. match(复数) matches
7.睡觉v. sleep睡着的adj. asleep困倦的adj. sleepy
8.升起；增加；提高v.&n. rise(过去式) rose
9.跌倒；掉落v. fall倒下的；落下的adj. fallen
10.冰n. ice覆盖着冰的；冰冷的adj. icy
11.开玩笑；欺骗v. kid(现在分词) kidding
12.学生n. pupil(近义词) student
13.冲击；震动v. shock惊愕的；受震惊的adj. shocked
14.彻底的；完全的adj. complete彻底地；完全地pletely
15.沉默的；无声的adj. silent沉默；缄默；无声n. silence
16.近来的；新近的adj. recent不久前；最近adv. recently
17.真的adj. true真正；确实adv. truly实情；事实n. truth
二、重点短语
1. go off (闹钟)发出响声、开火、停止运行、离开
2. pick up 接电话、捡起、接某人、学到
3.at first 首先;最初
4.fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着
5. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
6.have a look看一看
7. make one’s way to. .. 在某人去……的路上；前往；
8. in silence 沉默;无声
9.take down 拆除;摧毁
10.make sure 确信;确保
11. beat against... 拍打… …
12.wake up 醒来
13. in a mess 一团糟
14. break.. . apart 使……分离
15. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候
16. at the time of 当.......时候
17. in the area 在这个地区
18. by the side of the road 在路边
19. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 remember to do sth.记得去做某事
20. walk by 走路经过
21. important events in history 历史上的重大事件
22. be killed 被杀害
23. more recently 最近地;新近
24.wait for等待
三、固定搭配
1.begin to do sth 开始做某事 start/begin to do=start/begin doing开始
2.be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
3.take a hot shower 洗热水澡
4.It is reported that...据报道
5.be against doing sth.反对做某事
6.realize one's dream/goal实现梦想/目标
7. make one' s way (to sp.) 前往; 费力地前进
8. be shocked to do sth. 对做某事感到震惊 be shocked at sth. 对...感到震惊
9.询问日期：What date is it today =What's the date today
询问星期：What day is it today
询问日期和星期：What's today
10.to tell (you) the truth说实话;老实说
11.feel like 感觉像, feel like doing 想要做...
12.with no light outside“外面没有光亮”，with在此表示一种伴随状态，“由于；因为”
13.make sure +(that) 从句；确保
14.try to do 尝试做… have fun doing sth.开心做...
15.join sb. to do sth. 加入某人做某事
16.bring sb. closer together使某人更亲密在一起
17. the rest of 后“其余的；剩余的”。
“the rest of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数应
与of后的名词的数保持一致。
18.in silence“沉默；无声”。 keep silent “保持沉默”。
19.have meaning to sb. 对某人有意义
20.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(事做了） remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（事还没做）
21.look out of 向外看
22.so+adj./adv.原级+that 从句 : 如此...以至于... so that ..... 以便...；为了...
23.beat+人、团队“打败” win+比赛、奖项“赢得”
四、重点语法
1.过去进行时：
①结构：主语+was / were + 动词-ing形式
②标志词：this time+过去时间，时间点+过去时间 at that time, at that moment, then, at the time of...
at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon, at this/that time yesterday/the whole day, all day yesterday
③动词现在分词（-ing）的变化规则:直、去、双、变
when&while在过去进行时中的使用
主句 从句
过去进行时 when + 一般过去时
一般过去时 while + 过去进行时 动作有先后顺序
过去进行时 while + 过去进行时 动作同时发生，形成对比

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