资源简介

Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you
Section Ⅱ Using language
【语法精讲】
过去分词（短语）作状语
教材链接
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. （教材P2）Disappointed（disappoint） by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend.
2. （教材P3）Treated（treat） this way, you’re sure to feel hurt...
3. （教材P4）Approached（approach） in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired.
上面三句中，三个动作（disappoint, treat, approach）分别与其逻辑主语I，you和your friendship是被动关系，因此用过去分词形式做状语。
要点精析
一、过去分词（短语）作状语
过去分词（短语）作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随等,相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语一致,且与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
1.过去分词（短语）作时间状语,相当于由when或while等引导的时间状语从句。
Invited for a meal, you might ask, “Can I bring anything ”
=When you are invited for a meal, you might ask, “Can I bring anything ”
受邀吃饭时，你或许问：“我可以带些什么吗？”
2.过去分词（短语）作条件状语,可转换为由once、if或unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Exposed to light, the film will be damaged and get useless.
=Once it is exposed to light, the film will be damaged and get useless.
一旦曝光，胶卷就要被损坏而不能用了。
3.过去分词（短语）作原因状语,可转换为由because、as或since等引导的原因状语从句。
Greatly inspired by what he did, I joined him in helping others in need.
=Because I was greatly inspired by what he did, I joined him in helping others in need.
由于受到他所做事情的极大鼓励,我和他一起来帮助需要帮助的人。
4.过去分词（短语）作让步状语,可转换为由though、although引导的让步状语从句。
Built before the war, the engine is still in perfect condition.
=Although it was built before the war, the engine is still in perfect condition.
尽管是战前制造的，这台发动机仍然处于良好状态。
5.过去分词（短语）作方式或伴随状语,常可转换为并列分句,位于句首或句末。
Surrounded by his students, the teacher went into the lab.
＝The teacher was surrounded by his students and he went into the lab.
老师被学生们团团围着,走进了实验室。
[易错提醒]
before、after一般不与过去分词连用,因为这两个词还可作介词,后接being done的形式。
The doctor reached the hospital in a hurry after being called in for an urgent surgery.
接到紧急手术通知后，医生急忙到达医院。
二、过去分词（短语）作状语时在句中的位置
过去分词（短语）在句中作状语,放在主句前时,后面用逗号与主句隔开；放在主句的后面时,前面用逗号与主句隔开。
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
He stood there silently, moved to tears.
他默默地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶。
三、过去分词（短语）与现在分词（短语）作状语的区别
过去分词（短语）与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系；现在分词（短语）与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。
Compared with modern communication, writing letters has more advantages.
与现代通信相比，写信有更多的优点。
Comparing with other problems she was faced with, she found this one was not important.
与她面临的其他问题相比,她发现这个问题并不重要。
实战演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. Attracted (attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
2. Looking（look） back on all those difficult times in the past, Ivy could not help but let out a sigh.
3. The flowers presented by your friend can grow well if watered（water） twice every week.
4. Seeing （see） from the hilltop, we can find Taian is more beautiful.
5. Offered（offer） an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
6. She returned to the shop the following morning, dressed（dress） in a woollen coat, with a handbag in her right hand.
7. Delighted (delight) with the idea, the lady agreed with them about the need for change.
8. Hesitating（hesitate） over whether to leave or not, the child stayed where he was.
9. Potatoes are still the most popular food, followed (follow) by white bread.
10. Reading（read） carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before.
课标单词
单词拼写
1. core adj.核心的（课程，团体等）
2. duty n.职责，义务；责任
3. boxing n.拳击（运动）
词汇拓展
1. annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的→annoy vt.使恼怒；使生气→annoying adj.令人恼怒的→annoyance n.恼怒；生气；烦恼
2. adjust v.适应，(使)习惯→adjustment n.调整，调节→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的
3. accident n.意外事件，偶然因素→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.意外地；偶然地
4. ensure v.确保，保证→sure adj.确定的
5. complexity n.复杂性，错综复杂→complex adj.复杂的
6. forgive v.原谅，宽恕→forgiveness n.原谅
7. criticise v．批评，指责→criticism n.批评→critic n.评论家；批评者→critical adj.批判性的；极重要的
8. embarrassment n.尴尬，难为情→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassed adj.尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的
短语互译
1. be satisfied/pleased with 对……感到满意
2. accuse sb. of doing sth. 控告某人做某事
3. look down on/upon 看不起，轻视
4. take the lead 领先（be in the lead）
5. adjust to 适应
6. by accident 偶然，意外地
7. grow up 长大成人
8. settle down 安顿下来；安定下来，平静下来
9. get along/on well with 与……相处融洽
10. feel bad about 对……感到愧疚或遗憾
Ⅳ.重点句型
1.it 作形式主语
(教材原句)It’s not a good idea to criticise someone in front of others.
在别人面前批评一个人不是个好主意。
(教材原句) It’s believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ (intelligent quotient) in people’s lives. 人们相信情商在人们的生活中扮演着比智商更重要的角色。
核心词汇
1. annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的
Prevented from playing her role in Riley's emotional development, Sadness feels annoyed.(教材P7) 因为在Riley的情绪发展过程中被阻止发挥作用，“忧忧”感到非常恼火。
情境佳句
①When I saw him do this silly act, I was so annoyed with him that I pushed his to the floor.
当我看到他做这种愚蠢的行为时，我非常生气，把他推到地板上。
②My parents were rather annoyed that I hadn't told them about the accident.我没有把事故的事告诉他们，我父母很生气。
③She was annoyed to discover that her husband had taken her car keys.她发现丈夫拿走了她的车钥匙，感到很恼火。
④She turned off the annoying noise and rose from her bed.
她关闭那烦人的噪音，从床上站起来。
归纳拓展
（1）be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气
be annoyed at/about sth. 对某事生气
be annoyed that 对……感到生气
be annoyed to do sth. 做……感到生气
（2）annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰
annoying adj. 令人讨厌的；恼人的
（3）annoyance n. 恼怒，生气，烦恼
2. adjust v.适应,（使）习惯；调整
When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.（教材P7）当莱利搬到新城市时，她很难适应新环境。
情境佳句
①You can help your friend adjust to his new lifestyle and make him feel more comfortable.
你可以帮助你的朋友适应他的新生活方式，让他感觉更舒适。
②Tom was moving to the countryside and he had to make some adjustments and learn to lead a different life there.
汤姆要搬到农村去，她必须做出一些调整，学会在那里过一种不同的生活。
③The height of the bicycle seat is adjustable.这辆自行车车座的高度可以调节。
归纳拓展
（1）adjust to （doing） sth. 适应/习惯（做）某事
adjust oneself to sth. 使自己适应某事
adjust sth. to... 调整某物以适应……
（2）adjustment n. 调整,调节
make an adjustment/adjustments to... 对……作出调整
（3）adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的
3. by accident 偶然地；意外地
Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Riley’s happy core memories with Joy.(教材P7)
悲伤想履行自己的职责，却意外地造成了莱莉和喜悦快乐的核心记忆的丢失。
情境佳句
①Danny didn't watch his steps. Suddenly, he slipped and fell into the lake accidentally.
丹尼没有注意脚下。突然，他滑倒了，不小心掉进了湖里。
②I didn’t wet his book on purpose. Tears of hurt clouded my eyes.
我不是故意弄湿他的书的。伤心的泪水模糊了我的双眼。
归纳拓展
(1)accidental adj.偶然的；意外的
accidentally adv.偶然地；意外地(=by chance)
(2)on purpose=by design 故意地
4.forgive v.（forgave,forgiven）原谅,宽恕
Try to forgive someone when they apologise.（教材P7）当别人道歉时，尽力原谅他们。
情境佳句
①They're nice boys, so we tend to forgive them their occasional bad behavior.
他们是好孩子，因此我们往往会原谅他们偶尔的不良行为。
②Forgive me for interrupting，but I have something important to tell you.
请原谅我打断一下，但是我有重要的事情要告诉你。
③I know that telling the truth and asking for forgiveness cleared me of shame and set my heart free.我知道说出真相并请求原谅让我摆脱了羞愧，让我的内心得到了释放。
归纳拓展
（1）forgive sb. sth.原谅某人某事
forgive sb. for （doing）sth. 原谅某人（做了）某事
（2）forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕
5. criticise vt.批评，指责
It's not a good idea to criticise someone in front of others.(教材P7)
当着别人的面批评一个人可不是个好主意。
情境佳句
① Eddie felt down after being criticized by the boss.
Eddie被老板批评后情绪低落。
② I do hope more activities will be held in my school to provide us with chances to practice our critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.
我希望学校能举办更多的活动，让我们有机会锻炼批判性思维和解决问题的能力。
归纳拓展
(1) critic n. 评论家，评论员；批评者，挑剔的人
(2)critical adj. 批判性的，挑剔的；极重要的，关键的
critically adv.批评地，批判地
(3)criticism n. 批评；批判；责备
6.embarrassment n.尴尬,难为情
This can cause embarrassment.（教材P7）这可能会导致尴尬。
情境佳句
①Seeing her joy replaced by a look of total embarrassment, I was seized by a strong sense of regret and pain.看到她的喜悦被尴尬的表情所取代，我被一种强烈的遗憾和痛苦所包围。
②Being laughed at by others, embarrassed and shy, she ran away from the stage.
被别人嘲笑，她尴尬又害羞地逃离了舞台。
③His speech was followed by an embarrassing silence.
他的讲话过后是一阵令人尴尬的沉默。
归纳拓展
（1）embarrass vt.使难堪；使尴尬
（2）embarrassed adj.尴尬的
be embarrassed to do sth. 对做某事感到尴尬
be embarrassed about... 对……感到尴尬
（3）embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的
词汇助记
His embarrassing questions made me embarrassed greatly. I felt my face burning with embarrassment.
他令人尴尬的问题使我非常尴尬。我感觉我的脸因尴尬而灼热。
重点句型
1.It is＋adj./n.＋ (for sb.)to do...
It's not easy for anyone to say sorry.(教材P7)
说出抱歉对任何人来说都是不容易的。
[句式分析]该句属于It is＋adj./n.＋ (for sb.)to do...句型，其中it是形式主语，to do不定式是真正的主语。
①It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统。
②It is difficult to build a dam in the sea, and the cost is very high.
在海里建水坝十分困难，成本也很高。
③It is easy for me to learn and become skillful on using e-Books.
我觉得很容易学懂如何操作使用电子书，并很容易上手。
④It is our duty to protect our hometown—the Earth.保护我们的家园地球是我们的责任。
【归纳拓展】
It is＋adj.＋ for sb. to do...中for前面的形容词是指“事物怎么样”，如impossible，important，necessary, hard, difficult等。
【易错提醒】
It is＋adj.＋ of sb. to do...中of前面的形容词是指“人的性质或特征”，如nice，kind, good, polite等。例如：
It is very nice of you to lend an umbrella to me.
你把雨伞借给我，你真是太好了。
It is very impolite of you to ask a woman's age in the western countries.
在西方国家你问一个女人的年龄是很不礼貌的。
2.It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ （intelligence quotient） in people’s lives.（教材P8）人们相信情商在人们的生活中扮演着比智商更重要的角色。
[句式分析]本句属于It is＋过去分词＋ that...句型，其中it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
情境佳句
①It is believed that hiking can broaden students’ horizons and strengthen their willpower.人们相信徒步旅行可以开阔学生的视野，增强他们的意志力。
②It is generally considered that women live longer than men.
普遍认为女人比男人长寿。
归纳拓展
It is said that... 据说……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……
It is thought/considered that... 人们认为……
It is expected that... 人们预料……
【课后巩固】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. He was annoyed （恼怒的） at the noise from the construction site in the midnight.
2. When you're thankful, you feel it's your duty （责任） to show love to others.
3. We need to concentrate on our core（核心的） business.
4. Only now did he understand the full complexity（复杂性） of the problem.
5. 5,000 people die every year because of accidents（意外事件） in the home.
6. Though I had hurt you deeply, you just forgave（原谅） me.
7. Doctors have criticized （批评） the government for failing to invest enough in the health service.
8. Her resignation will be a severe embarrassment（尴尬,难为情） to the party.
9. If the chair is too high you can adjust （调整） it to suit you.
10. The role of the police is to ensure（确保） that the law is obeyed.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The young people rushed upstairs，followed(follow) by the old servant.
2．Seen(see) from the tall tower，the small city looks much more beautiful.
3．Dressed(dress) in a uniform，he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
4．Used(use) for a long time，the old machine doesn’t work very well.
5．Reading(read) carefully，he found something he hadn’t known before.
6．Embarrassed(embarrass) by the questions，the new star decided to leave the ceremony.
7．Fired(fire) by the large company，the young man decided to find another job in that city.
8．Satisfied(satisfy) with the students’ action，the teacher began to smile happily.
9．Ordered(order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
10．Raised(raise) in a poor village，he had a hard road to becoming a football star.
11. Hesitating（hesitate） over whether to leave or not, the child stayed where he was.
12. Looking（look） back on all those difficult times in the past, Ivy could not help but let out a sigh.
Ⅲ.选词填空
by accident, adjust to, settle down, get along well with, play an important role, be satisfied with, take the lead, look down upon
1. Since Li Ming settled here, he has got along well with his neighbours.
2. The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our performance.
3. We shouldn't look down upon anybody even though he's a nobody.
4. He met his future wife, Kathleen, and decided it was time to settle down.
5. When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to living on his own.
6. He was happy that he found the very book by accident that he had always been looking for.
7. Our confidence plays an important role in the ability to achieve success and happiness.
8. Major economies should take the lead in carrying out practical cooperation.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1.据说这位教授已经成功地进行了这项实验。
It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.
2.一旦参观，这座城市将永远不会被遗忘。
Once visited，the city will never be forgotten.
3.通过使用机器人，人们不需要做家务，可以节省更多的时间来享受自己。
By using robots, it is not necessary for people to do housework and can save more time to enjoy themselves.

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