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2024年高考押题预测卷02【上海卷】
(考试时间120分钟，满分140分)
I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. At the airport. B. In a theatre. C. In a ticket office. D. At a hotel.
A. Attend a party. B. Go camping. C. Decorate a house. D. Rent a tent
3. A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 10.
4. A. The postcard has been lost B.The local post office is dosed.
C. The man will go to the post office. D.The woman is expecting a postcard.
5.A. Buy some new equipment B.Leave the equipment as they are.
C. Watch what the woman is doing. D. Finish his wort as quickly s possible.
6.A. Work on the assignment with a classmate
B.Talk to an advisor about dropping the course.
C.Spend more time working on maths problems.
D.Ask a graduate assistant for help.
7.A. Go home to get a book.
B. Return a book to the library.
C.Pick up a book at the library for the woman.
D. Ask the librarian for help in finding a book.
8.A. She wishes she hadn't ordered the dish.
B.She doesn't usually eat in the cafeteria.
C.The cafeteria usually uses canned vegetables.
D.The dish usually contains fewer vegetables.
9.A. Students still have time to apply for a Ion.
B.Students must wait until next month to apply for a loan.
C.The woman should find out whether her loan application was accepted.
D.The woman should ask for an extension on the application deadline.
10.A. She didn't want to stay at the Gordon.
B.Her hotel is far from the conference centre.
C.She isn’t sure how to get to the Apple Gales.
D.The man should consider moving to another hotel
Section B
Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
A.To make some physical samples of the wine to be tasted.
B.To reach an agreement on how certain flavors smell.
C. To coin some descriptive terms for certain flavors.
D.To find a room that is lit with red light.
12. A. It helps people distinguish different flavors.
B. It is composed of wheels of different sizes.
C. It exposes users to fruity flavors alone.
D. It divides flavors into two categories.
13. A.The standard procedure of wine-testing
B.The wide use of the Aroma Wheel.
C. The at-home wine-testing test.
D.The fun sensory world.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. He read about it the day before.
B.One of the students asked him about it.
C. He had just read Dr. Frederick Cock's travel log.
D.The students were required to read about it.
15.A. Peary wasn’t an experienced explorer.
B.He had reached the pole before Peary did.
C, Peary had announced his success too early.
D.The investigation of Peary's trip wasn't thorough.
16.A.They interviewed Peary.
B.They talked to one of Peary's companions.
C. They examined Peary's tools used for the voyage.
D. They conducted a computer analysis of photographs.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17.A. A new source of fuel oil.
B. An alternative use of fuel oil.
C. A way to make fuel oil less polluting
D. A new method for locating underground oil.
18. A.She was doing research for a paper on it
B.She was told about it by her roommate.
C. She read a newspaper article about it.
D. She heard about it in class.
19.A.To produce a gas containing carbon and hydrogen.
B. To heat the reactors to a proper temperature.
C.To prevent dangerous gases from forming.
D.To remove impurities from methanol
20. A.It hasn't been fully tested.
B. It is quite expensive.
D.It produces harmful gases.
C.It uses up scarce minerals.
II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
I received an email from a reader who asked, “Why do some friendships end, no matter how much you want them to last ” She referred to 21 (see) the question in one of my articles, Mystery of Friendship. As I wrote in it, I don’t think easy answers exist as to how friendships start, why some turn into lifetime 22 , and why some end. Although I’ve tried answering the first two questions in other articles (To Have A Friend and Be A Friend), I still get surprised by friendships that endure and disillusioned by those that slip away. Even so, I’ll try to offer some insights here as to why friendships end.
My simple answer is that friendships end because the situations 23 friends are in or even the friends themselves change. First, the realities friends face may change. The decision to relocate 24 a new school or job cannot help but affect a friendship. Likewise, if a friend is in an accident, develops an illness, or loses someone close, these cannot help but affect a friendship. Does a friendship need to end because of these changes No, but it’ll require adjustments that one or both friends 25 not be willing to make.
Second, the friends themselves may change. A significant reason why friendships often end 26 friends are apart for an 27 (extend) period of time (for summer camp, college, etc.) is that one or both of the friends change. I think it 28 (hurt) less when both friends change, because then the breakup is more often mutual and so both friends get closure by both deciding to let go and move forward in their lives without each other. What tends to hurt most is when just one friend changes. One friend might change social circles, become involved in new social organizations, start to date, get a pet, or take on some other venture that consumes more time and passion. Again, a friendship can endure these changes, 29 one or both of the friends for some reason decide not to invest the time and energy involved in the adjustment period. In this situation, breakups may not be mutual and so one or both friends feel betrayed and end up with bitter memories about 30 was a precious friendship to them.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．auto-complete B．determine C． essentially D．grammatical E. grouped F. indicating G. instructions H. likely I. resembles J. rigidly K. simple
How do AI chatbots answer my questions
Chatbots might appear to be complex conversationalists that respond like real people. But if you take a closer look, they are 31 an advanced version of a program that finishes your sentences by predicting which words will come next. Bard, ChatGPT, and other AI technologies are large language models—a kind of algorithm (算法) trained on exercises similar to the Mad Libs-style questions found on elementary school quizzes. More simply put, they are human-written 32 that tell computers how to solve a problem or make a calculation. In this case, the algorithm uses your prompt and any sentences it comes across to 33 the answer.
Let’s pretend you plugged this sentence into an AI chatbot: “The cat sat on the ______.” First, the language model would have to know that the missing word needs to be a noun to make 34 sense. But it can’t be any noun—the cat can’t sit on the “democracy,” for one. So the algorithm searches texts written by humans to get a sense of what cats actually rest on and picks out the most probable answer. In this scenario, it might 35 the cat sits on the “laptop” 10 percent of the time, on the “table” 20 percent of the time, and on the “chair” 70 percent of the time. The model would then go with the most 36 answer: “chair.” The system is able to use this prediction process to respond with a full sentence. If you ask a chatbot, “How are you ” it will generate “I’m” based on the “you” from the question and then “good” based on what most people on the web reply when asked how they are.
The way these programs process information and arrive at a decision sort of 37 how the human brain behaves. “ 38 as this task—predicting the most probable response—is, it actually requires an incredibly advanced knowledge of both how language works and how the world works,” says Yoon Kim, a researcher at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.
The beauty of language models is that researchers don’t have to 39 define any rules or grammar for them to follow. An AI chatbot learns how to form sentences that make sense by consuming textual elements, which are common sequences of characters 40 together taken from the raw text of books, articles, and websites. All it needs are the patterns and associations it finds among certain words or phrases.
III.Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
One of the presents in my house this Christmas was a late 18th-century volume of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书). It is a window into the discoveries and thinking of the time. The encyclopaedia is an entertaining reminder of how 41 some of our current truths are bound to be. Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. And one of those we are still remarkably 42 is the effect of food and exercise on our bodies. We’re surrounded by confident 43 on how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity (肥胖), and yet the advice seems pointless while the world gets fatter. Much of what we think we know is a pile of assumptions rather than 44 .
Our confusion is the theme of Spoon-Fed, a book by one of Britain’s leading nutrition researchers, Tim Spector of King’s College London. Its subtitle is: “Why almost everything we’ve been told about food is wrong.” It is a call for us to 45 more.
One by one Spector offers answers to recent food 46 . Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 per cent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone “from heroes to villains and back again”. Don’t say no to all red meat on 47 grounds; occasional small quantities of high-quality unprocessed meat provide important vitamins and iron and are “probably good for you“. Exercise is so good for longevity and happiness that it should be considered our No 1 drug, but the one thing for which it’s 48 useless is losing weight. Vitamin pills are a multibillion-pound industry with almost no proven 49 but which can cause real harm. Even vitamin D, which Spector used to study and believe in, he now 50 .
Spector also offers more than a set of currently 51 tips. The science of nutrition has not been solved by him, as he would be the first to admit. His most 52 point is that there is no one size that fits all. Our bodies are complex, and our reactions are 53 : yet nobody wants to pay for the research that might explain why.
Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome — the unique microbe (微生物的) combinations in our body ― yes different 54 for each of us, leaving some lean and two thirds of us too fat. This is the territory Spector wants to explore further and which might just allow us to 55 the global trend to obesity, with all the risks we’ve witnessed this year.
41．A．well-known B．aim-oriented C．ill-founded D．long-lived
42．A．certain about B．ignorant of C．capable of D．worried about
43．A．decisions B．courses C．focuses D．suggestions
44．A．facts B．chances C．reasons D．features
45．A．investigate B．demand C．concentrate D．spend
46．A．supplies B．shortages C．standards D．myths
47．A．culture B．history C．economy D．health
48．A．equally B．practically C．socially D．impossibly
49．A．effectiveness B．consciousness C．competitiveness D．emptiness
50．A．serves B．shares C．recognizes D．dismisses
51．A．pointless B．topical C．defensible D．additional
52．A．emotional B．significant C．questionable D．forgivable
53．A．individual B．unpredictable C．important D．available
54．A．changes B．outcomes C．profits D．addicts
55．A．start B．analyze C．stop D．reflect
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
“Are you all right ” the student asked as she passed me in the hallway. I was in the final stretch of last work before writing my essay. The student, who was 4 years behind me in the same Ph.D．program, went on to say, “I see people from your group working so much, putting in extra hours, even at night.” It set me thinking a lot.
As a first-year Ph.D．student, I was lucky to have kind and understanding advisers. But I felt overwhelming pressure to become a perfect student. I kept finding a million reasons why I was coming into graduate school at a disadvantage compared with my peers. As a student from Colombia, I had been educated at institutions my professors and colleagues had never heard of, I spoke with an accent that was hard to understand, and I was older than most of the people in my cohort.
I noticed that most of the people around me seemed to be working all the time. I began to spend many weekday nights and weekends in the lab. But my strategy didn’t work. I crashed from burnout. The tiredness took a toll on my productivity and motivation. During one of many mindless Sundays in the office, I realized I’d fallen into the trap of assuming my colleagues’ work habits were the standard for belonging and being worthy of respect — and it wasn’t sustainable.
From then on, I stopped counting the number of work hours I was putting in, leaving space every day for exercising and doing activities that I enjoyed. Eventually, I realized nobody was keeping track of the amount of time I spent in the lab anyway and it wasn’t something I needed to worry about.
I noticed that having more time for myself made me more rested and motivated when I went back to work. I continued quietly along this path for years, until that conversation in the hallway. So, when I ran into her again, weeks later, I told her that even though I was feeling a lot of pressure in the final year of my Ph.D．, I was putting my mental and physical health first and wasn’t working overtime. I also began to talk with other students about how quality sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, and reasonable work hours were a daily part of my routine.
56．What can we learn about the student
A．He spent much time in lab work. B．He had finished the Ph.D．program.
C．He was concerned about the author. D．He was putting in extra hours at night.
57．How does the author feel about his work at first
A．Anxious. B．Ambitious. C．Dissatisfied. D．Enthusiastic.
58．Which can replace the underlined phrase “took a toll on” in Para. 3
A．Added fuel to. B．Had a negative impact on.
C．Cast new light on. D．Depended too much on.
59．What does the author intend to tell us
A．A healthy work-life balance counts.
B．A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
C．Fitting in doesn’t mean working overtime.
D．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
(B)
We should all have at least one fire extinguisher somewhere in our home, but it’s not enough to simply keep one under the kitchen sink. If there is a fire, your safety — and the safety of your home — depends on knowing how to use that fire extinguisher correctly. In case your fire extinguisher has been sitting around collecting dust, here’s everything you need to know before brushing it off and fighting a fire in your home the right way.
Choose the right fire extinguisher
The first thing you need to know is the different classifications of fires. Most household fires fall into one of the following categories:
Class A: Fires fueled by solid combustibles like wood, paper, and cloth.
Class B: Fires fueled by flammable liquids such as oil and gasoline.
Class C: Fires started or fueled by faulty wiring and appliances.
Class D: Fires started or fueled by cooking oils, animal facts, and vegetable fats.
All fire extinguishers are labeled to indicate which classes of fire they are designed to combat. Most household fire extinguishers are considered multipurpose and labeled for use in A, B, and C classes. Class K extinguishers are heavier duty and will need to be bought separately. Household fire extinguishers are also rated for the size of fire that they can safely handle. The higher the rating, the larger the fire the extinguisher can put out. Higher-rated extinguishers are often heavier.
Steps for proper extinguisher use
Once you understand the different types of fire extinguishers and their uses, you need to be able to properly operate one.
Step 1: Identify a clear exit/escape route
Before operating the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear evacuation path. If you cannot put out the fire, you’ll need to make a safe exit. Also, make sure everyone else is being evacuated from the building.
Step 2: Call the fire department
Even if the fire appears manageable, you should always have the fire department on the way. Once firefighters arrive, they can double-check whether the fire has been completely extinguished.
Step 3: Stand back
Face the fire and keep your back to the clear exit. You should stay between 1.8 and 2.5 meters away from the flames as you prepare to operate the fire extinguisher.
Step 4: Operate the extinguisher
It can be difficult to think clearly during an emergency. Thankfully, there is a long-standing acronym(首字母缩略词)— PASS — to help you recall the steps involved in operating your fire extinguisher.
P: Pull the pin (保险销) on the fire extinguisher.
A: Aim low. Point the nozzle at the base of the fire instead of the flames.
S: Squeeze the handle or lever to discharge the extinguisher.
S: Sweep the nozzle back and forth until the flames are extinguished.
Step 5: Keep an eye on things
After the flames appear to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn’t reignite. If the fire does start up again, repeat the “PASS” process.
Step 6: Get to a safe place
Once the fire is out, or if you are unable to put it out, leave the scene. Find a place out of reach of the fire.
60．According to the passage, what is the top priority in a fire emergency
A．Find out how to escape. B．Operate a fire extinguisher.
C．Call the fire department. D．Escape and leave everything behind.
61．The following pictures show the four steps of the “PASS” process. According to the passage, what is their correct order
A．③②④① B．④②③①
C．③④①② D．④③①②
62．According to the passage, after a fire appears to have been extinguished, we should _________.
A．leave the fire area at once B．repeat the “PASS” process
C．inspect the fire area carefully D．have the fire department on the way
(C)
Plastic is everywhere, from the Arctic ice to vital organs in the human body. In fact, previous estimates suggest that the average person swallows a credit card-worth of microscopic plastic particles(颗粒) every week. But new research shows that this could actually be an understatement.
Microplastics are plastics smaller than 5 millimeters, found in industrial waste, beauty products, and formed during the degradation of larger plastic pieces. Over time, they break down into even smaller nanoplastics. These tiny particles can pass through our intestines and lungs into our bloodstreams, reaching vital organs like the heart and brain.
While the idea of eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body’s natural release of hormones, potentially increasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers. They can also carry toxins(毒素) on their surface like heavy metals.
In the past, researchers have shown bottled water can contain tens of thousands of identifiable plastic fragments in a single container. However, until recently, only the larger microplastics were detectable with available measuring tools, leaving the area of nanoplastics largely a mystery.
Using Raman microscopy (显微镜学), capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus, the team measured an average of 240, 000 particles of plastic per liter of bottled water, 90 percent of which were nanoplastics, a revelation 10 to 100 times larger than previous estimates.
These plastics likely originate from the bottle material, filters used to “purify” the water, and the source water itself. “It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff, ” the study’s lead author, Columbia graduate student Naixin Qian, said in a statement. His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles. “The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them I reveal, ” he added.
63．What is the primary focus of the new research
A．The presence of plastic particles. B．The use of plastic in everyday products.
C．The detection methods for microplastics. D．The potential risks of nanoplastics to human.
64．What is the advantage of Raman microscopy
A．Finding the source of plastic particles. B．Helping to cure the deadly flu virus.
C．Detecting the smaller plastic particles. D．Improving the quality of bottled water.
65．Why will the team expand their research into tap water
A．To focus on areas with higher plastic pollution.
B．To be aware of the dangerous particles in daily life.
C．To further measure the types of particles in tap water.
D．To detect the smaller plastic particles in industrial areas.
66．What is Qian’s attitude towards his research
A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Conservative. D．Positive.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Too Big, Too Expensive and Too Silly — Why Video Game Movies Fail
Film adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drop Bear. At first they look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful.
These movies are plentiful. 67 Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures.
68 The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in, the game’s legend and background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will Criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic. But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs (兽), the central conflict in the game’s world. 69
Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot devices without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, these can work due to the “unspoken but commonly understood logic of ‘this is a video game’”. In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say, shoot hell-monsters on Mars.
The game series became increasingly complex , as the player-controlled protagonist (主角) parkoured his way through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence.
70 The plot — an original story which retains the key elements of the games —was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “hastily explained” and “disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that. It’s not clear why any of this is happening and summed it up as: Characters [talking] in quiet whispers about the complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas.
A．So why do these movies fail B．The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride. C．Game adaptations issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources. D．But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs. E．The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect. F．However, a common criticism was that it was full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters.
IV.Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Are we greening our cities, or just greenwashing them
Architecture and urban design is chasing a green fever dream. Everywhere you look, there are plans for “sustainable” buildings, futuristic eco-cities and aquaponic farms on the roof, each promising to add a green touch to the modern city.
All of these are surely good ideas at some level. They are trying to repair some of the damage our lifestyle has done to the planet. But, despite the rhetoric of reuniting the city with nature, today’s green urban dream is too often about bringing a technologically controlled version of nature into the city and declaring the problem solved, rather than looking at the deeper causes of our environmental and urban problems.
One of the most striking examples is Apple’s “spaceship” campus now under construction in Silicon Valley. Though it seems to be sustainable and energy efficient—80 percent of its 175-acre site is preserved for landscaping, it is by any measure a huge, expensive and massively resource-intensive project. As a suburban white-collar workplace, it must include vast garages for 13,000 Apple employees. Thus, it will leave no smaller environmental footprint than a traditional office park.
Designing a perfect green building or eco-city isn’t enough to save the world. Although our buildings, like our cars, have been inefficient environmentally, architecture isn’t directly responsible for humanity’s disastrous environmental impacts. An economic system based on the destruction of nature is the real problem. No green building can help us repair the ecological damage we have caused, nor can any number of aquaponic farms bring us back to the real nature.
Instead of adding “nature” to the urban lifestyle, architects may work to design better relationships between our cities and nature, and to promote just relationships between the people in them.
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V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72．人们通过在微信上分享照片让亲朋好友了解他们的近况。(keep)
73．经过一年的修复，这家影院焕然一新，拥有了一流的视听效果。(take on)
74．这部电视剧剧情扣人心弦，让人欲罢不能，还警示了观众：守住初心，才能生活得简单而快乐。(so…that…)
75．正如公民媒体领域的专家所告诫，无论新闻标题多么吸睛，如果报道的内容经不起推敲或完全无中生有，那么将追究作者的责任。(however)
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
假设你是明启中学的高三学生李明，你校学生会就成人仪式(Coming-of-age Ceremony)的活动内容向全校学生征求意见。你决定写一封邮件给学生会，表达你的意见，内容包括：
1.你建议成人仪式包含哪些活动；
2.你提出这些建议的理由。
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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2024年高考押题预测卷02【上海卷】
英语·全解全析
I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. At the airport. B. In a theatre. C. In a ticket office. D. At a hotel.
A. Attend a party. B. Go camping. C. Decorate a house. D. Rent a tent
3. A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 10.
4. A. The postcard has been lost B.The local post office is dosed.
C. The man will go to the post office. D.The woman is expecting a postcard.
5.A. Buy some new equipment B.Leave the equipment as they are.
C. Watch what the woman is doing. D. Finish his wort as quickly s possible.
6.A. Work on the assignment with a classmate
B.Talk to an advisor about dropping the course.
C.Spend more time working on maths problems.
D.Ask a graduate assistant for help.
7.A. Go home to get a book.
B. Return a book to the library.
C.Pick up a book at the library for the woman.
D. Ask the librarian for help in finding a book.
8.A. She wishes she hadn't ordered the dish.
B.She doesn't usually eat in the cafeteria.
C.The cafeteria usually uses canned vegetables.
D.The dish usually contains fewer vegetables.
9.A. Students still have time to apply for a Ion.
B.Students must wait until next month to apply for a loan.
C.The woman should find out whether her loan application was accepted.
D.The woman should ask for an extension on the application deadline.
10.A. She didn't want to stay at the Gordon.
B.Her hotel is far from the conference centre.
C.She isn’t sure how to get to the Apple Gales.
D.The man should consider moving to another hotel
Section B
Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
A.To make some physical samples of the wine to be tasted.
B.To reach an agreement on how certain flavors smell.
C. To coin some descriptive terms for certain flavors.
D.To find a room that is lit with red light.
12. A. It helps people distinguish different flavors.
B. It is composed of wheels of different sizes.
C. It exposes users to fruity flavors alone.
D. It divides flavors into two categories.
13. A.The standard procedure of wine-testing
B.The wide use of the Aroma Wheel.
C. The at-home wine-testing test.
D.The fun sensory world.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. He read about it the day before.
B.One of the students asked him about it.
C. He had just read Dr. Frederick Cock's travel log.
D.The students were required to read about it.
15.A. Peary wasn’t an experienced explorer.
B.He had reached the pole before Peary did.
C, Peary had announced his success too early.
D.The investigation of Peary's trip wasn't thorough.
16.A.They interviewed Peary.
B.They talked to one of Peary's companions.
C. They examined Peary's tools used for the voyage.
D. They conducted a computer analysis of photographs.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17.A. A new source of fuel oil.
B. An alternative use of fuel oil.
C. A way to make fuel oil less polluting
D. A new method for locating underground oil.
18. A.She was doing research for a paper on it
B.She was told about it by her roommate.
C. She read a newspaper article about it.
D. She heard about it in class.
19.A.To produce a gas containing carbon and hydrogen.
B. To heat the reactors to a proper temperature.
C.To prevent dangerous gases from forming.
D.To remove impurities from methanol
20. A.It hasn't been fully tested.
B. It is quite expensive.
D.It produces harmful gases.
C.It uses up scarce minerals.
【答案】1~5. DBCDB 6~10. DBCAB 11~15. BACBB 16~20. DADAB
II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
I received an email from a reader who asked, “Why do some friendships end, no matter how much you want them to last ” She referred to 21 (see) the question in one of my articles, Mystery of Friendship. As I wrote in it, I don’t think easy answers exist as to how friendships start, why some turn into lifetime 22 , and why some end. Although I’ve tried answering the first two questions in other articles (To Have A Friend and Be A Friend), I still get surprised by friendships that endure and disillusioned by those that slip away. Even so, I’ll try to offer some insights here as to why friendships end.
My simple answer is that friendships end because the situations 23 friends are in or even the friends themselves change. First, the realities friends face may change. The decision to relocate 24 a new school or job cannot help but affect a friendship. Likewise, if a friend is in an accident, develops an illness, or loses someone close, these cannot help but affect a friendship. Does a friendship need to end because of these changes No, but it’ll require adjustments that one or both friends 25 not be willing to make.
Second, the friends themselves may change. A significant reason why friendships often end 26 friends are apart for an 27 (extend) period of time (for summer camp, college, etc.) is that one or both of the friends change. I think it 28 (hurt) less when both friends change, because then the breakup is more often mutual and so both friends get closure by both deciding to let go and move forward in their lives without each other. What tends to hurt most is when just one friend changes. One friend might change social circles, become involved in new social organizations, start to date, get a pet, or take on some other venture that consumes more time and passion. Again, a friendship can endure these changes, 29 one or both of the friends for some reason decide not to invest the time and energy involved in the adjustment period. In this situation, breakups may not be mutual and so one or both friends feel betrayed and end up with bitter memories about 30 was a precious friendship to them.
【答案】
21．having seen 22．ones 23．that/which 24．for 25．might 26．when 27．extended 28．hurts 29．unless 30．what
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者对于为什么友谊会结束的几点看法。
21．考查时态。句意：她提到在我的一篇文章《友谊的奥秘》中看到过这个问题。分析句子结构可知，固定短语refer to（提到；涉及）后接动名词，根据语境可知，此处表示“读者已经看过这篇文章”，应用动名词的完成时。故填having seen。
22．考查代词。句意：正如我在文章中所写的，我不认为存在简单的答案，比如友谊是如何开始的，为什么有些会成为一生的友谊，为什么有些会结束。此处指一些友谊变成“一生的友谊”，为同类异物泛指，应用ones。故填ones。
23．考查定语从句。句意：我的简单回答是，友谊的结束是因为朋友所处的环境或者是朋友本身发生了变化。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词the situations指物，从句中缺少宾语，可使用关系代词that或which在从句中作宾语。故填that/which。
24．考查介词。句意：为了新学校或新工作而搬迁的决定不得不影响友谊。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“为了新学校或者新工作”而搬家的决定，可使用介词for，表示“为了……”。故填for。
25．考查情态动词。句意：不，但这需要你做出调整，而你或你的朋友可能都不愿意做。前文提到友谊可能因为各种原因而结束，如果不想要友谊结束的话，就要其中一方或者双方做出改变，而友谊之所以会结束，就是因为有可能没有人愿意做出改变，空后动词使用了原形，根据语境可知，空处可使用情态动词might，表示“可能”，语气更加委婉。故填might。
26．考查连词。句意：朋友长时间不在一起（如参加夏令营、上大学等）友谊常常会终止的一个重要原因是一方或双方改变了。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“当朋友们长时间分开始时”，可使用连词when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
27．考查形容词。句意：朋友长时间不在一起（如参加夏令营、上大学等）友谊常常会终止的一个重要原因是一方或双方改变了。分析句子结构可知，空处可使用形容词extended（延长了的）在句中作定语修饰名词period。故填extended。
28．考查时态。句意：我认为当朋友双方都改变时，其伤害较轻，因为这时的分手往往是互相的，双方都决定不再交往，从此各奔东西，让友谊终结。空处为宾语从句的谓语，根据语境可知，该句陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语是it，故填hurts。
29．考查连词。句意：当然，友谊是经得起这些变化的，除非一方或双方由于某种原因决定不再在友谊调整期内投入必要的时间和精力。分析句子结构可知，空处前后句子结构完整，因此需使用连词连接两个句子，结合语境，使用unless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”。故填unless。
30．考查宾语从句。句意：在这种情况下，分手可能不是相互的，所以一个或两个朋友都觉得被背叛了，并以痛苦的回忆结束对他们来说这段宝贵的友谊。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语成分，指代事物，应用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．auto-complete B．determine C． essentially D．grammatical E. grouped F. indicating G. instructions H. likely I. resembles J. rigidly K. simple
How do AI chatbots answer my questions
Chatbots might appear to be complex conversationalists that respond like real people. But if you take a closer look, they are 31 an advanced version of a program that finishes your sentences by predicting which words will come next. Bard, ChatGPT, and other AI technologies are large language models—a kind of algorithm (算法) trained on exercises similar to the Mad Libs-style questions found on elementary school quizzes. More simply put, they are human-written 32 that tell computers how to solve a problem or make a calculation. In this case, the algorithm uses your prompt and any sentences it comes across to 33 the answer.
Let’s pretend you plugged this sentence into an AI chatbot: “The cat sat on the ______.” First, the language model would have to know that the missing word needs to be a noun to make 34 sense. But it can’t be any noun—the cat can’t sit on the “democracy,” for one. So the algorithm searches texts written by humans to get a sense of what cats actually rest on and picks out the most probable answer. In this scenario, it might 35 the cat sits on the “laptop” 10 percent of the time, on the “table” 20 percent of the time, and on the “chair” 70 percent of the time. The model would then go with the most 36 answer: “chair.” The system is able to use this prediction process to respond with a full sentence. If you ask a chatbot, “How are you ” it will generate “I’m” based on the “you” from the question and then “good” based on what most people on the web reply when asked how they are.
The way these programs process information and arrive at a decision sort of 37 how the human brain behaves. “ 38 as this task—predicting the most probable response—is, it actually requires an incredibly advanced knowledge of both how language works and how the world works,” says Yoon Kim, a researcher at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.
The beauty of language models is that researchers don’t have to 39 define any rules or grammar for them to follow. An AI chatbot learns how to form sentences that make sense by consuming textual elements, which are common sequences of characters 40 together taken from the raw text of books, articles, and websites. All it needs are the patterns and associations it finds among certain words or phrases.
【答案】
31．C 32．G 33．A 34．D 35．B 36．H 37．I 38．K 39．J 40．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了AI聊天机器人回答用户问题的原理。
31．考查副词。句意：但如果你仔细观察，它们本质上是一个程序的高级版本，通过预测下一个单词来完成你的句子。根据上文“Chatbots might appear to be complex conversationalists that respond like real people(聊天机器人可能看起来是复杂的健谈者，他们的反应就像真人一样)”可知，此处描述了聊天机器人可能给人的印象，即它们像真人一样进行复杂的对话。然而，接下来的句子通过转折词“But(但是)”引入了一个对比的观点“an advanced version of a program that finishes your sentences by predicting which words will come next(一个程序的高级版本，通过预测下一个单词来完成你的句子)”，即如果仔细观察，聊天机器人其实并非如此复杂，所以要填入的词应该用来描述聊天机器人的本质，分析待选项，C项“essentially(本质上)”表达的含义符合语境，副词作状语。故选C。
32．考查名词。句意：更简单地说，它们是人类编写的指令，告诉计算机如何解决问题或进行计算。根据下文“tell computers how to solve a problem or make a calculation(告诉计算机如何解决问题或进行计算)”可知，此处上下文说的是人类给计算机编写的指令，表示“多个指令”，用复数形式。故选G。
33．考查动词。句意：在这种情况下，算法使用您的提示和它遇到的任何句子来自动完成答案。根据上文“the algorithm uses your prompt and any sentences it comes across(算法使用您的提示和它遇到的任何句子)”可推理出空白处应填表示“自动完成”含义的动词，to后接动词原形。故选A。
34．考查形容词。句意：首先，语言模型必须知道缺失的单词必须是名词才能有语法意义。根据上文“the language model would have to know that the missing word needs to be a noun(语言模型必须知道缺失的单词必须是名词)”可知此处说的是语法，形容词作定语。故选D。
35．考查动词。句意：在这种情况下，它可能会确定猫10%的时间坐在“笔记本电脑”上，20%的时间坐“桌子”上，70%的时间坐坐在“椅子”上。根据下文“the cat sits on the “laptop” 10 percent of the time, on the “table” 20 percent of the time, and on the “chair” 70 percent of the time(猫10%的时间坐在“笔记本电脑”上，20%的时间坐“桌子”上，70%的时间坐坐在“椅子”上)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“确定”含义的动词，might后接动词原形。故选B。
36．考查形容词。句意：然后，该模型会给出最有可能的答案：“椅子”。根据上文“the cat sits on the “laptop” 10 percent of the time, on the “table” 20 percent of the time, and on the “chair” 70 percent of the time(猫10%的时间坐在“笔记本电脑”上，20%的时间坐“桌子”上，70%的时间坐坐在“椅子”上)”可知，模型是根据可能性给出答案，空白处应填表示“可能的”含义的形容词，作定语。故选H。
37．考查动词。句意：这些程序处理信息和做出决定的方式有点像人脑的行为方式。根据上文“The way these programs process information and arrive at a decision(这些程序处理信息和做出决定的方式)”以及下文“the human brain behaves(人脑的行为方式)”可知此处上下文说的是两者的方式有点相似，空白处应填表示“类似于”含义的动词，主语为单数，谓语为单数。故选I。
38．考查形容词。句意：尽管这项任务——预测最可能的回应——看起来很简单，但实际上它需要对语言是如何运作的以及世界是如何运作的有非常深入的了解。分析句子结构，这是一个包含让步状语从句的句子，其中使用了as来引导这个从句，为倒装结构，这种结构用于表达尽管某件事情在表面上看起来是某种情况，但实际上却并非如此。根据下文“it actually requires an incredibly advanced knowledge of both how language works and how the world works(它实际上它要求有对语言和世界运作方式的深入了解)”可推理出空白处应填表示“简单的”含义的形容词，故选K。
39．考查副词。句意：语言模型的美妙之处在于，研究人员不必严格定义任何规则或语法。根据下文“An AI chatbot learns how to form sentences that make sense by consuming textual elements(人工智能聊天机器人通过获取文本元素来学习如何形成有意义的句子)”可推理出上文说的是研究人员不必严格定义任何规则或语法，空白处应填表示“严格地”含义的副词，作状语，修饰动词。故选J。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：人工智能聊天机器人通过消费文本元素来学习如何形成有意义的句子，文本元素是从书籍、文章和网站的原始文本中组合在一起的常见字符序列。根据上文“sequences of characters(字符)”以及下文“taken from the raw text(从原始文本中提取)”可知，此处描述这些字符序列是如何被获取的，分析待选项，E项“grouped(集合)”表达的含义符合语境，在本句中意思是这些字符序列是从原始文本中被聚集或组合起来的。过去分词作定语。故选E。
III.Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
One of the presents in my house this Christmas was a late 18th-century volume of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书). It is a window into the discoveries and thinking of the time. The encyclopaedia is an entertaining reminder of how 41 some of our current truths are bound to be. Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. And one of those we are still remarkably 42 is the effect of food and exercise on our bodies. We’re surrounded by confident 43 on how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity (肥胖), and yet the advice seems pointless while the world gets fatter. Much of what we think we know is a pile of assumptions rather than 44 .
Our confusion is the theme of Spoon-Fed, a book by one of Britain’s leading nutrition researchers, Tim Spector of King’s College London. Its subtitle is: “Why almost everything we’ve been told about food is wrong.” It is a call for us to 45 more.
One by one Spector offers answers to recent food 46 . Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 per cent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone “from heroes to villains and back again”. Don’t say no to all red meat on 47 grounds; occasional small quantities of high-quality unprocessed meat provide important vitamins and iron and are “probably good for you“. Exercise is so good for longevity and happiness that it should be considered our No 1 drug, but the one thing for which it’s 48 useless is losing weight. Vitamin pills are a multibillion-pound industry with almost no proven 49 but which can cause real harm. Even vitamin D, which Spector used to study and believe in, he now 50 .
Spector also offers more than a set of currently 51 tips. The science of nutrition has not been solved by him, as he would be the first to admit. His most 52 point is that there is no one size that fits all. Our bodies are complex, and our reactions are 53 : yet nobody wants to pay for the research that might explain why.
Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome — the unique microbe (微生物的) combinations in our body ― yes different 54 for each of us, leaving some lean and two thirds of us too fat. This is the territory Spector wants to explore further and which might just allow us to 55 the global trend to obesity, with all the risks we’ve witnessed this year.
41．A．well-known B．aim-oriented C．ill-founded D．long-lived
42．A．certain about B．ignorant of C．capable of D．worried about
43．A．decisions B．courses C．focuses D．suggestions
44．A．facts B．chances C．reasons D．features
45．A．investigate B．demand C．concentrate D．spend
46．A．supplies B．shortages C．standards D．myths
47．A．culture B．history C．economy D．health
48．A．equally B．practically C．socially D．impossibly
49．A．effectiveness B．consciousness C．competitiveness D．emptiness
50．A．serves B．shares C．recognizes D．dismisses
51．A．pointless B．topical C．defensible D．additional
52．A．emotional B．significant C．questionable D．forgivable
53．A．individual B．unpredictable C．important D．available
54．A．changes B．outcomes C．profits D．addicts
55．A．start B．analyze C．stop D．reflect
【答案】
41．C 42．B 43．D 44．A 45．A 46．D 47．D 48．B 49．A 50．D 51．C 52．B 53．A 54．B 55．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了我们对食物和运动对身体的作用认识仍然存在困惑和假设，作者Spector指出了一些迄今为止的食品误解，提出了个性化营养学的重要性，并呼吁进行更多研究以解释个体之间的微生物组成的差异和其与肥胖之间的关系。最终目的是希望通过正确的饮食和锻炼习惯控制全球肥胖的趋势。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：百科全书是一个有趣的提醒，提醒我们当前的一些真理必然是多么没有根据。A. well-known众所周知的；B. aim-oriented以目标为导向的；C. ill-founded缺乏根据的；D. long-lived长寿的。根据下文“Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. (我们尚未了解的领域的确定性在未来几个世纪中看起来与其中一些一样荒谬)”可知，当前的一些被认为是真理的东西可能是缺乏根据的。故选C项。
42．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们仍然非常无知的其中一个是食物和运动对我们身体的影响。A. certain about确定；B. ignorant of无知；C. capable of有能力；D. worried about担心。根据“one of those”及空后“the effect of food and exercise on our bodies.”可知，对于食物和运动对我们身体的影响我们仍是无知的。故选B项。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们被关于如何饮食，如何避免或逆转肥胖的自信建议所包围，但当世界变得更胖时，这些建议似乎毫无意义。A. decisions决定；B. courses课程；C. focuses重点；D. suggestions建议。根据空后“how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity”可知，这些都是建议。故选D项。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们认为我们所知道的大部分内容都是一堆假设而不是事实。A. facts事实；B. chances机会；C. reasons原因；D. features特征。根据空前“rather than(而不是)”可知，空处应为与“assumptions”相对应的词，故选A项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这要求我们进行更多调查。A. investigate调查；B. demand需求；C. concentrate集中；D. spend花费。根据空前“Why almost everything we’ve been told about food is wrong.(为什么我们被告知的几乎所有关于食物的东西都是错误的)”可知，我们被告知的关于食物的东西是错误的，所以要求我们进行“调查”，故选A项。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特为最近一个接一个的食物神话提供了答案。A. supplies供应；B. shortages短缺；C. standards标准；D. myths神话。根据下文“Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 percent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone “from heroes to villains and back again”. (咖啡可以拯救我们的生命，他说。每天三到四杯可以降低患心脏病的风险，并可能将死亡风险降低8%。黄油不会伤害我们的心脏，斯佩克特认为，盐是至关重要的。鸡蛋已经“从英雄变成了恶棍，然后再回来”)”可知，食物的作用被夸大其词了，斯佩克特认为这些是食物神话。故选D项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要以健康为由对所有红肉说不，偶尔少量的优质未加工肉类提供重要的维生素和铁，“可能对你有好处”。A. culture文化；B. history历史；C. economy经济；D. health健康。根据下文“provide important vitamins and iron”可知，红肉提供了维生素和铁，空处表示不要以“健康”为由，故选D项。
48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：运动对长寿和幸福是如此有益，以至于它应该被认为是我们的第一大药物，但它实际上毫无用处的一件事就是减肥。A. equally同等；B. practically实际上；C. socially社会；D. impossibly不可能。根据空后“useless is losing weight.”可知，运动对减肥“实际上”是没有用处的，故选B项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：维生素丸是一个价值数十亿英镑的行业，几乎没有被证实的有效性，但可能会造成真正的伤害。A. effectiveness有效性；B. consciousness意识；C. competitiveness竞争力；D. emptiness空虚。根据空前“almost no proven”及空后“real harm”可知，维生素丸没有被证明“有效性”，可能还有害。故选A项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是斯佩克特曾经研究和相信的维生素D，他现在也对他不屑一顾。A. serves服务；B. shares股份；C. recognizes承认；D. dismisses不屑一顾。根据空前“used to study and believe in”及“now”可知，空处表达的意思与前文相反，即曾经研究和相信，现在不屑一顾。故选D项。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特还提供了不止一套目前可以辩护的技巧。A. pointless无意义；B. topical局部；C. defensible可辩护；D. additional附加。根据“a set of currently ________ tips.”可知，斯佩克特有不止一套理论来支持他的观点，可以为其辩护，故选C项。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他最重要的观点是没有放之四海而皆准的标准。A. emotional情绪化的；B. significant重要的；C. questionable可疑的；D. forgivable可原谅的。根据空后“no one size that fits all”可知，这是他最重要观点，故选B项。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的身体非常复杂，反应也因人而异：然而没有人愿意为可能解释这一现象的研究买单。A. individual个人的；B. unpredictable不可预测的；C. important重要的；D. available可用的。根据常识可知，每个人对不同的食物或运动项目的反应因人而异的。故选A项。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：食物选择，基因，环境和我们微生物组产生的化学反应的某种组合——我们体内独特的微生物组合——是的，我们每个人的结果都不同，留下一些瘦肉和三分之二的人太胖。A. changes变化；B. outcomes结果；C. profits利润；D. addicts成瘾者。根据前文“Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome—the unique microbe (微生的)combinations in our body”可知，不同的食物选择，基因和环境及微生物产生的微生物组合的结果是不一样的，故选B项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特希望进一步探索，这可能使我们能够阻止全球肥胖趋势，以及我们今年目睹的所有风险。A. start开始；B. analyze分析；C. stop阻止；D. reflect反思。根据空后“the global trend to obesity”可知，斯佩克特想进步一的进行研究，以阻止全球的肥胖趋势。故选C项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
“Are you all right ” the student asked as she passed me in the hallway. I was in the final stretch of last work before writing my essay. The student, who was 4 years behind me in the same Ph.D．program, went on to say, “I see people from your group working so much, putting in extra hours, even at night.” It set me thinking a lot.
As a first-year Ph.D．student, I was lucky to have kind and understanding advisers. But I felt overwhelming pressure to become a perfect student. I kept finding a million reasons why I was coming into graduate school at a disadvantage compared with my peers. As a student from Colombia, I had been educated at institutions my professors and colleagues had never heard of, I spoke with an accent that was hard to understand, and I was older than most of the people in my cohort.
I noticed that most of the people around me seemed to be working all the time. I began to spend many weekday nights and weekends in the lab. But my strategy didn’t work. I crashed from burnout. The tiredness took a toll on my productivity and motivation. During one of many mindless Sundays in the office, I realized I’d fallen into the trap of assuming my colleagues’ work habits were the standard for belonging and being worthy of respect — and it wasn’t sustainable.
From then on, I stopped counting the number of work hours I was putting in, leaving space every day for exercising and doing activities that I enjoyed. Eventually, I realized nobody was keeping track of the amount of time I spent in the lab anyway and it wasn’t something I needed to worry about.
I noticed that having more time for myself made me more rested and motivated when I went back to work. I continued quietly along this path for years, until that conversation in the hallway. So, when I ran into her again, weeks later, I told her that even though I was feeling a lot of pressure in the final year of my Ph.D．, I was putting my mental and physical health first and wasn’t working overtime. I also began to talk with other students about how quality sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, and reasonable work hours were a daily part of my routine.
56．What can we learn about the student
A．He spent much time in lab work. B．He had finished the Ph.D．program.
C．He was concerned about the author. D．He was putting in extra hours at night.
57．How does the author feel about his work at first
A．Anxious. B．Ambitious. C．Dissatisfied. D．Enthusiastic.
58．Which can replace the underlined phrase “took a toll on” in Para. 3
A．Added fuel to. B．Had a negative impact on.
C．Cast new light on. D．Depended too much on.
59．What does the author intend to tell us
A．A healthy work-life balance counts.
B．A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
C．Fitting in doesn’t mean working overtime.
D．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
【答案】56．C 57．A 58．B 59．A
【导语】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己博士生的经历，讨论了在研究生院时，如何避免过度工作和压力，保持身心健康，提高个人工作效率。
56．推理判断题。根据第一段““Are you all right ” the student asked as she passed me in the hallway. I was in the final stretch of last work before writing my essay. The student, who was 4 years behind me in the same Ph.D. program, went on to say, “I see people from your group working so much, putting in extra hours, even at night.”(“你没事吧 ”那个学生在走廊里从我身边经过时问道。在写论文之前，我正处于最后一项工作的最后阶段。那个比我晚4年读博士的学生接着说：“我看到你们组的人工作很努力，加班加点，甚至在晚上也加班。”)”可知，这个学生关注作者的情况，询问作者身体状况，所以是很关心作者。故选C项。
57．推理判断题。根据第二段“As a first-year Ph.D. student, I was lucky to have kind and understanding advisers. But I felt overwhelming pressure to become a perfect student. I kept finding a million reasons why I was coming into graduate school at a disadvantage compared with my peers. As a student from Colombia, I had been educated at institutions my professors and colleagues had never heard of, I spoke with an accent that was hard to understand, and I was older than most of the people in my cohort.(作为一名一年级的博士生，我很幸运有善良、善解人意的导师。但我感到了成为一个完美学生的巨大压力。我一直在找无数个理由，为什么我进入研究生院时，与同龄人相比处于劣势。作为一名来自哥伦比亚的学生，我在教授和同事们从未听说过的机构接受教育，我说话的口音让人听不懂，而且我比同龄人中的大多数人都年长)”可知，作者在刚开始的时候感到压力很大，担心自己的口音和年龄，所以起初作者是感觉焦虑的。故选A项。
58．词句猜测题。根据前文“I crashed from burnout.(我精疲力竭了)”以及后文“During one of many mindless Sundays in the office, I realized I’d fallen into the trap of assuming my colleagues’ work habits were the standard for belonging and being worthy of respect—and it wasn’t sustainable.(在办公室里度过的一个毫无头脑的星期天里，我意识到自己掉进了一个陷阱，以为同事的工作习惯就是归属感和值得尊重的标准——而这是不可持续的)”可知，作者精疲力竭，在办公室工作时，毫无头绪，所以疲劳影响了他的工作效率，推知took a toll on是“对……有负面影响”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。
59．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“From then on, I stopped counting the number of work hours I was putting in, leaving space every day for exercising and doing activities that I enjoyed. Eventually, I realized nobody was keeping track of the amount of time I spent in the lab anyway and it wasn’t something I needed to worry about.(从那时起，我不再计算我投入的工作时间，每天留出时间锻炼和做我喜欢的活动。最终，我意识到没有人记录我在实验室里花了多少时间，这不是我需要担心的事情)”以及最后一段“So, when I ran into her again, weeks later, I told her that even though I was feeling a lot of pressure in the final year of my Ph.D., I was putting my mental and physical health first and wasn’t working overtime. I also began to talk with other students about how quality sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, and reasonable work hours were a daily part of my routine.(所以，几周后，当我再次遇到她时，我告诉她，尽管我在博士学位的最后一年感到压力很大，但我还是把心理和身体健康放在第一位，没有加班。我也开始和其他学生谈论高质量的睡眠、体育锻炼、健康的饮食和合理的工作时间是我日常生活的一部分)”可知，作者主要想要告诉读者健康的工作与生活平衡很重要。故选A项。
(B)
We should all have at least one fire extinguisher somewhere in our home, but it’s not enough to simply keep one under the kitchen sink. If there is a fire, your safety — and the safety of your home — depends on knowing how to use that fire extinguisher correctly. In case your fire extinguisher has been sitting around collecting dust, here’s everything you need to know before brushing it off and fighting a fire in your home the right way.
Choose the right fire extinguisher
The first thing you need to know is the different classifications of fires. Most household fires fall into one of the following categories:
Class A: Fires fueled by solid combustibles like wood, paper, and cloth.
Class B: Fires fueled by flammable liquids such as oil and gasoline.
Class C: Fires started or fueled by faulty wiring and appliances.
Class D: Fires started or fueled by cooking oils, animal facts, and vegetable fats.
All fire extinguishers are labeled to indicate which classes of fire they are designed to combat. Most household fire extinguishers are considered multipurpose and labeled for use in A, B, and C classes. Class K extinguishers are heavier duty and will need to be bought separately. Household fire extinguishers are also rated for the size of fire that they can safely handle. The higher the rating, the larger the fire the extinguisher can put out. Higher-rated extinguishers are often heavier.
Steps for proper extinguisher use
Once you understand the different types of fire extinguishers and their uses, you need to be able to properly operate one.
Step 1: Identify a clear exit/escape route
Before operating the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear evacuation path. If you cannot put out the fire, you’ll need to make a safe exit. Also, make sure everyone else is being evacuated from the building.
Step 2: Call the fire department
Even if the fire appears manageable, you should always have the fire department on the way. Once firefighters arrive, they can double-check whether the fire has been completely extinguished.
Step 3: Stand back
Face the fire and keep your back to the clear exit. You should stay between 1.8 and 2.5 meters away from the flames as you prepare to operate the fire extinguisher.
Step 4: Operate the extinguisher
It can be difficult to think clearly during an emergency. Thankfully, there is a long-standing acronym(首字母缩略词)— PASS — to help you recall the steps involved in operating your fire extinguisher.
P: Pull the pin (保险销) on the fire extinguisher.
A: Aim low. Point the nozzle at the base of the fire instead of the flames.
S: Squeeze the handle or lever to discharge the extinguisher.
S: Sweep the nozzle back and forth until the flames are extinguished.
Step 5: Keep an eye on things
After the flames appear to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn’t reignite. If the fire does start up again, repeat the “PASS” process.
Step 6: Get to a safe place
Once the fire is out, or if you are unable to put it out, leave the scene. Find a place out of reach of the fire.
60．According to the passage, what is the top priority in a fire emergency
A．Find out how to escape. B．Operate a fire extinguisher.
C．Call the fire department. D．Escape and leave everything behind.
61．The following pictures show the four steps of the “PASS” process. According to the passage, what is their correct order
A．③②④① B．④②③①
C．③④①② D．④③①②
62．According to the passage, after a fire appears to have been extinguished, we should _________.
A．leave the fire area at once B．repeat the “PASS” process
C．inspect the fire area carefully D．have the fire department on the way
【答案】60．A 61．B 62．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了灭火器的正确使用方法以及火灾的注意事项。
60．细节理解题。根据Step 1: Identify a clear exit/escape route部分中“Before operating the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear evacuation path. If you cannot put out the fire, you’ll need to make a safe exit. Also, make sure everyone else is being evacuated from the building.(在操作灭火器之前，确保你有一个清晰的疏散路径。如果你不能把火扑灭，你需要找一个安全的出口。还有，确保所有人都从大楼里撤离了)”可知，在火灾紧急情况下，找出逃跑的方法是最优先考虑的。故选A。
61．细节理解题。根据Step 4: Operate the extinguisher部分中“P: Pull the pin (保险销) on the fire extinguisher. A: Aim low. Point the nozzle at the base of the fire instead of the flames. S: Squeeze the handle or lever to discharge the extinguisher. S: Sweep the nozzle back and forth until the flames are extinguished.(P：拔出灭火器上的插销。A：放低目标。把喷嘴对准火的底部，而不是火焰。S：挤压把手或杠杆就能把灭火器放出来。S：来回扫射喷嘴，直到火焰熄灭)”可知，正确顺序是④②③①。故选B。
62．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“After the flames appear to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn’t reignite. If the fire does start up again, repeat the “PASS” process.(在火焰似乎熄灭后，继续观察火区，以确保它不会再次点燃。如果火再次启动，重复“PASS”过程)”可知，在火灾似乎已经熄灭后，我们应该仔细检查火区。故选C。
(C)
Plastic is everywhere, from the Arctic ice to vital organs in the human body. In fact, previous estimates suggest that the average person swallows a credit card-worth of microscopic plastic particles(颗粒) every week. But new research shows that this could actually be an understatement.
Microplastics are plastics smaller than 5 millimeters, found in industrial waste, beauty products, and formed during the degradation of larger plastic pieces. Over time, they break down into even smaller nanoplastics. These tiny particles can pass through our intestines and lungs into our bloodstreams, reaching vital organs like the heart and brain.
While the idea of eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body’s natural release of hormones, potentially increasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers. They can also carry toxins(毒素) on their surface like heavy metals.
In the past, researchers have shown bottled water can contain tens of thousands of identifiable plastic fragments in a single container. However, until recently, only the larger microplastics were detectable with available measuring tools, leaving the area of nanoplastics largely a mystery.
Using Raman microscopy (显微镜学), capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus, the team measured an average of 240, 000 particles of plastic per liter of bottled water, 90 percent of which were nanoplastics, a revelation 10 to 100 times larger than previous estimates.
These plastics likely originate from the bottle material, filters used to “purify” the water, and the source water itself. “It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff, ” the study’s lead author, Columbia graduate student Naixin Qian, said in a statement. His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles. “The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them I reveal, ” he added.
63．What is the primary focus of the new research
A．The presence of plastic particles. B．The use of plastic in everyday products.
C．The detection methods for microplastics. D．The potential risks of nanoplastics to human.
64．What is the advantage of Raman microscopy
A．Finding the source of plastic particles. B．Helping to cure the deadly flu virus.
C．Detecting the smaller plastic particles. D．Improving the quality of bottled water.
65．Why will the team expand their research into tap water
A．To focus on areas with higher plastic pollution.
B．To be aware of the dangerous particles in daily life.
C．To further measure the types of particles in tap water.
D．To detect the smaller plastic particles in industrial areas.
66．What is Qian’s attitude towards his research
A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Conservative. D．Positive.
【答案】63．D 64．C 65．B 66．D
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究揭示微塑料和纳米塑料对人体健康的潜在影响。
63．细节理解题。根据第三段“While the idea of eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body’s natural release of hormones, potentially increasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers. They can also carry toxins(毒素) on their surface like heavy metals.( 虽然吃塑料的想法本身就令人不安，但主要的担忧是，这些塑料颗粒含有的化学物质会中断我们身体自然释放的激素，可能会增加我们患生殖障碍和某些癌症的风险。它们的表面也会携带重金属等毒素。)” 可知，新研究的焦点是纳米塑料对人体可能造成的风险。故选D。
64．细节理解题。根据第五段“Using Raman microscopy (显微镜学), capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus, the team measured an average of 240, 000 particles of plastic per liter of bottled water, 90 percent of which were nanoplastics, a revelation 10 to 100 times larger than previous estimates.(利用拉曼显微镜，能够检测到流感病毒大小的颗粒，研究小组测量到每升瓶装水中平均有24万个塑料颗粒，其中90%是纳米塑料，比之前估计的要大10到100倍。)”可知，拉曼显微镜学的优势是能够检测到非常小的塑料颗粒。故选C。
65．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles.(他的团队希望将他们的研究扩展到自来水和其他水源，以更好地了解我们接触这些潜在危险颗粒的情况。)”可以推断出，研究小组将研究扩展到自来水等其他水源是为了让人们意识到在日常生活中面临的颗粒风险。故选B。
66．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Qian的话 “It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff(发现这么多这种东西并不完全出乎意料) ” 及 “The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them I reveal(我的想法是，东西越小，我揭示的东西就越多)” 可知他并不对发现大量微塑料感到完全意外，并且研究对象越小，揭示的就会越多，因此可以推断出Qian对他的研究持积极态度。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Too Big, Too Expensive and Too Silly — Why Video Game Movies Fail
Film adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drop Bear. At first they look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful.
These movies are plentiful. 67 Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures.
68 The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in, the game’s legend and background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will Criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic. But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs (兽), the central conflict in the game’s world. 69
Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot devices without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, these can work due to the “unspoken but commonly understood logic of ‘this is a video game’”. In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say, shoot hell-monsters on Mars.
The game series became increasingly complex , as the player-controlled protagonist (主角) parkoured his way through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence.
70 The plot — an original story which retains the key elements of the games —was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “hastily explained” and “disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that. It’s not clear why any of this is happening and summed it up as: Characters [talking] in quiet whispers about the complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas.
A．So why do these movies fail
B．The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride.
C．Game adaptations issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources.
D．But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs.
E．The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect.
F．However, a common criticism was that it was full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters.
【答案】67．E 68．A 69．F 70．B
【导语】本文一篇议论文。文章对失败的电子游戏改编电影进行了批评。
67．根据下文“Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures.(然而，尽管有巨大的预算和高质量的人才，但大多数电子游戏电影在商业和评论界都是失败的。)”中副词“Yet”可知，上下文之间是转折关系，下文说“大多数电子游戏电影在商业和评论界都是失败的”，与E项中“The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect.(吸引忠实粉丝群的潜力使这些电影具有诱人的前景。)”中描述的“诱人的前景”构成转折关系。同时，E项中“these movies”与上文“These movies”相照应。故选E项。
68．下文“The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. (答案可以归结为受众需求和商业现实之间相互矛盾的复杂组合。)”是一个答案，分析了电子游戏电影失败的原因，针对A项“So why do these movies fail (那么，这些电影为什么会失败呢 )”提出的问题给出答案。故选A项。
69．上文“But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. (但游戏会在数十小时的游戏过程中逐步展现传奇，而电影只会占用一小部分时间。这种紧张感可能会产生无聊的叙述和复杂的故事情节。)”分析了游戏和电子游戏电影的不同，说明电影会产生无聊的叙述和复杂的故事情节，然后下文“For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs (兽), the central conflict in the game’s world.(例如，《魔兽争霸》详细描述了人类和兽人之间冲突的起源，这是游戏世界的核心冲突。)”用《魔兽争霸》电影为例进行举例说明，F项“However, a common criticism was that it was full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters.(然而，一个普遍的批评是，它充满了无聊的叙述和大多数无趣的角色。)”承接上一句，说明《魔兽争霸》电影中的详细描述导致了无聊和无趣，照应了上文“creating boring exposition and complex story lines”，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
70．下文“The plot — an original story which retains the key elements of the games — was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “hastily explained” and “disorienting”.(电影情节保留了游戏的关键元素，但被批评为“支离破碎”、“解释草率”和“迷失方向”。)”说明了游戏改编电影的问题，是对B项“The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride.(相比之下，这部电影没能吸引观众。)”的解释，说明了电影没能吸引观众的原因。上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
IV.Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Are we greening our cities, or just greenwashing them
Architecture and urban design is chasing a green fever dream. Everywhere you look, there are plans for “sustainable” buildings, futuristic eco-cities and aquaponic farms on the roof, each promising to add a green touch to the modern city.
All of these are surely good ideas at some level. They are trying to repair some of the damage our lifestyle has done to the planet. But, despite the rhetoric of reuniting the city with nature, today’s green urban dream is too often about bringing a technologically controlled version of nature into the city and declaring the problem solved, rather than looking at the deeper causes of our environmental and urban problems.
One of the most striking examples is Apple’s “spaceship” campus now under construction in Silicon Valley. Though it seems to be sustainable and energy efficient—80 percent of its 175-acre site is preserved for landscaping, it is by any measure a huge, expensive and massively resource-intensive project. As a suburban white-collar workplace, it must include vast garages for 13,000 Apple employees. Thus, it will leave no smaller environmental footprint than a traditional office park.
Designing a perfect green building or eco-city isn’t enough to save the world. Although our buildings, like our cars, have been inefficient environmentally, architecture isn’t directly responsible for humanity’s disastrous environmental impacts. An economic system based on the destruction of nature is the real problem. No green building can help us repair the ecological damage we have caused, nor can any number of aquaponic farms bring us back to the real nature.
Instead of adding “nature” to the urban lifestyle, architects may work to design better relationships between our cities and nature, and to promote just relationships between the people in them.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Architects are trying to make cities greener. Their common approach is using technology to bring in some nature elements. Apple’s “spaceship” campus is claimed to be eco-friendly but actually isn’t. Such projects can’t help because architecture isn’t the real cause of environmental problems. So efforts should be made to enable cities and their people to co-exist with nature harmoniously.
【导语】本文是议论文。建筑师们正努力让城市变得更环保。他们常用的方法是利用技术引入一些自然元素。苹果公司的“宇宙飞船”园区声称是环保的，但实际上并非如此。这样的项目无济于事，因为建筑并不是环境问题的真正原因。因此，应该努力使城市及其居民与自然和谐共处。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①Architecture and urban design is chasing a green fever dream.
②But, despite the rhetoric of reuniting the city with nature, today’s green urban dream is too often about bringing a technologically controlled version of nature into the city and declaring the problem solved, rather than looking at the deeper causes of our environmental and urban problems.
③One of the most striking examples is Apple’s “spaceship” campus now under construction in Silicon Valley. Though it seems to be sustainable and energy efficient—80 percent of its 175-acre site is preserved for landscaping, it is by any measure a huge, expensive and massively resource-intensive project.
④Designing a perfect green building or eco-city isn’t enough to save the world.
⑤Instead of adding “nature” to the urban lifestyle, architects may work to design better relationships between our cities and nature, and to promote just relationships between the people in them.
2. 缜密构思
将1、 2、 3、 4、 5五个要点进行整合重组。
3. 遣词造句
Architects are trying to make cities greener.
Their common approach is using technology to bring in some nature elements.
Apple’s “spaceship” campus is claimed to be eco-friendly but actually isn’t.
Such projects can’t help because architecture isn’t the real cause of environmental problems.
So efforts should be made to enable cities and their people to co-exist with nature harmoniously.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Such projects can’t help because architecture isn’t the real cause of environmental problems.(because引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2]So efforts should be made to enable cities and their people to co-exist with nature harmoniously.(含情态动词的被动语态)
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72．人们通过在微信上分享照片让亲朋好友了解他们的近况。(keep)
【答案】People keep their relatives and friends informed of their recent situations by sharing photos on WeChat.
【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。根据所给中文提示词，主语是“人们”译为“people”，“让某人了解某事”用短语keep sb informed of sth，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，“亲朋好友”译为“their relatives and friends”，“他们的近况”，译为“their recent situations”，“通过在微信上分享照片”可用介词短语by doing sth.译为“by sharing photos on WeChat”。故译为：People keep their relatives and friends informed of their recent situations by sharing photos on WeChat.
73．经过一年的修复，这家影院焕然一新，拥有了一流的视听效果。(take on)
【答案】After a year’s restoration, the cinema took on a new look, equipped with first-class audio-visual effects.
【详解】考查时态、动词短语和介词。描述过去的一次性动作，句子应用一般过去时。“经过一年的修复”译成After a year’s restoration，在句中作时间状语，主语“这家影院”译成the cinema，“焕然一新”译成take on a new look，take要用过去式took，“拥有了”译为equipped with，过去分词短语在句中作状语，“一流的”译为first-class，“视听效果”译为audio-visual effects。故翻译为：After a year’s restoration, the cinema took on a new look, equipped with first-class audio-visual effects.
74．这部电视剧剧情扣人心弦，让人欲罢不能，还警示了观众：守住初心，才能生活得简单而快乐。(so…that…)
【答案】The plot of this TV drama is so gripping that people can’t help carrying on, and it also serves as a warning to the audience: only by holding onto one’s original intention can one live a simple and happy life.
【详解】考查句子结构。根据句意可知，本句描述现实状况，用一般现在时。表示主语“这部电视剧剧情”为名词短语the plot of this TV drama，是单数；系动词用is，用so…that…句型表示“扣人心弦，让人欲罢不能”为so gripping that people can’t help carrying on，形容词作表语，that引导结果状语从句；表示“还警示了观众”为it also serves as a warning to the audience，用and连接和前文并列；表示“守住初心，才能生活得简单而快乐”为only by holding onto one’s original intention can one live a simple and happy life，是only+状语引起的部分倒装句型，动名词作by的宾语，live a … life是固定短语。句首字母大写，故翻译为The plot of this TV drama is so gripping that people can’t help carrying on, and it also serves as a warning to the audience: only by holding onto one’s original intention can one live a simple and happy life.
75．正如公民媒体领域的专家所告诫，无论新闻标题多么吸睛，如果报道的内容经不起推敲或完全无中生有，那么将追究作者的责任。(however)
【答案】As experts in the field of citizen media warn, however attractive the headlines are, the authors will be held accountable if the content cannot withstand scrutiny or leave nothing.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句、状语从句、名词、动词和形容词。陈述客观事实，句子使用一般现在时，表示“公民媒体”应用名词citizen media；表示“警告”应动词warn；表示“正如公民媒体领域的专家所告诫”用非限制定语从句as experts in the field of citizen media warn；表示“吸睛的”用形容词attractive；表示“新闻标题”用名词adline；表示“无论新闻标题多么吸睛”用让步状语从句however attractive the headlines are；表示“内容”用名词content；表示“经不起推敲”用短语cannot withstand scrutiny；表示“完全无中生有”用短语leave nothing；表示“负后责任的”用形容词accountable；表示“如果报道的内容经不起推敲或完全无中生有”用if the content cannot withstand scrutiny or leave nothing。故翻译为As experts in the field of citizen media warn, however attractive the headlines are, the authors will be held accountable if the content cannot withstand scrutiny or leave nothing。
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
假设你是明启中学的高三学生李明，你校学生会就成人仪式(Coming-of-age Ceremony)的活动内容向全校学生征求意见。你决定写一封邮件给学生会，表达你的意见，内容包括：
1.你建议成人仪式包含哪些活动；
2.你提出这些建议的理由。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear chairperson,
I’m Li Ming, a senior student in our school. Hearing that the Student Union is collecting students’ opinions for this year’s coming-of-age ceremony, I am writing to share my ideas.
Firstly, I suggest that the ceremony should include a speech contest where students would deliver a speech on the responsibilities of adulthood. This would help participants understand the significance of assuming greater responsibilities. Secondly, I propose that we organize a community service activity where students would participate in volunteer work. This would help participants understand the importance of contributing to society and would also provide an opportunity for them to give back to the community.
I hope my suggestions would contribute to making the Coming-of-Age Ceremony a memorable and meaningful experience for all participants. Thank you for considering my ideas.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给学生会写一封邮件，表达自己对成人仪式的意见，内容包括：建议成人仪式包含哪些活动，提出这些建议的理由。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
意见：opinion→view
比赛：contest→competition
发表演讲：deliver a speech→give a lecture
参加：participate in→take part in
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m Li Ming, a senior student in our school.
拓展句：I’m Li Ming, who is a senior student in our school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that the Student Union is collecting students’ opinions for this year’s coming-of-age ceremony, I am writing to share my ideas.(使用了现在分词作状语、that引导宾语从句、不定式作目的状语)
【高分句型2】Firstly, I suggest that the ceremony should include a speech contest where students would deliver a speech on the responsibilities of adulthood.(使用了that引导宾语从句、where引导定语从句)
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