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2023学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研
英语试卷
(考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分)
I. Listening Comprehension
S
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time, he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page-turner. “___21___ not being a trained musician, I’ve learned to read music to assist Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but ___22___ (act) as the group’s official page-turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score. In this way, the musicians don’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it ___23___. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
Being a page-turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music ___24___ go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 pages of turns, including back turns for repeat passages. ___25___ matters is onstage communication. Each pianist has their own style of “nodding” ___26___ ( indicate) a page turn that they need to practise with their page-turner.
But like all performances, there are moments ___27___ things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily, I was able to catch them and put them back.”
___28___ most page-turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“Sometimes my husband is not an attentive page-turner. He’s interested in the music, ___29___ (feel) every note, but I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ ” she laughed. “But Robert is ___30___ (qualified) page-turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
【答案】21. Despite
22. has acted##has been acting
23. themselves
24. can##may##might
25. What 26. to indicate
27. when 28. Although##Though##While
29. feeling
30. the most qualified
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲的是欧米茄集团的主席Robert Titterton作为钢琴翻页者的趣事。
【21题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管我不是一个训练有素的音乐家，但我学会了读谱来帮助玛丽亚表演。由句意及空后的not being a trained musician可知此处应填介词despite，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Despite。
【22题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：蒂特顿先生是欧米茄集团的主席，但在过去的四年里，他一直是欧米茄集团的官方翻页者。空处为谓语动词，由时间状语for the past four years可知此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示“过去动作对现在造成的影响”或者“过去的动作持续到现在而且还将继续持续下去”。故填has acted/has been acting。
【23题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：这样，音乐家们就不必自己动手来破坏声音的流动。由句意及空前的the musicians don’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it 可知此处应填反身代词themselves，指代the musicians ，作宾语。故填themselves。
【24题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：有些音乐（可能）长达40分钟，需要翻唱多达50页，包括重复段落的翻唱。由句意此处表示 “（可）能 ”，应用表示推测的情态动词can/may/might。故填can/may/might。
【25题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：重要的是台上的交流。此处为主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的东西”，应用连接代词what，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。
【26题详解】
考查不定式。句意：每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”的风格来表示他们需要用翻页器练习的翻页。空处应填非谓语动词，由句意此处应填不定式形式，作目的状语。故填to indicate。
【27题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但就像所有的表演一样，也有出错的时候。此处为定语从句，先行词为moments，从句缺少时间 状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。
【28题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然大多数翻页者都是钢琴学生或崭露头角的音乐会钢琴家，但拉斯波娃女士曾经请她的丈夫在舞台上帮助她。由句意此处为让步状语从句，且空处位于句首，应用引导词Although/Though/While。故填Although/Though/While。
【29题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他对音乐很感兴趣，感受每一个音符，但我不得不说:“翻，翻！”她笑着说。空处为非谓语动词，He 与feel之间为主动关系，应用现在分词表示主动，作伴随状语。故填feeling。
【30题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：“但罗伯特是我这辈子遇到的最合格的翻页者。”由句意及空后的I’ve had in my entire life可知此处意为“最合格的”，应用形容词最高级形式the most qualified。故填the most qualified。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. contrast B. instructed C. concentrating D. potential E. touching F. played G. better H. specialized I. spot J. follow K. tracing
Unfamiliar Music May Help People Chat at Parties
If you want your guests to be particularly sociable at an upcoming party, make sure you play music they probably haven’t heard before.
To explore how background music affects the way we ___31___ conversations, researchers Jane Brown and Gavin Bidelman conducted a study analyzing the brain activity of 31 individuals aged21 and 33. During the experiment, participants listened to 72 minutes of an audiobook (有声读物), which the pair used as a replacement for ___32___ on someone talking, while background music was accompanied by the audiobook for most of the time.
For half of the experiment, the participants were asked to focus on2-minute parts of an unfamiliar audiobook read by a man. The rest of the time, they were told to focus on four background songs, which were similarly ___33___ for2 minutes at a time. This ___34___ in voices aimed to assess participants’ ability to shift attention between two distinctly different voices.
During the experiment, all the participants wore ___35___ caps to monitor the electrical activity taking place in their brains. This ___36___ of electrical activity was the key. It allowed Brown and Bidelman to discover how efficiently these individuals could focus on either the audiobook or the music when ___37___ to do so. The finding revealed that the participants could ___38___ turn their attention to the audiobook if the background music was unfamiliar to them.
Following the task, the participants completed a music perception survey evaluating their musical skills, such as the capacity to ___39___ whether a pair of similar-sounding tunes are the same. Notably, those with lower musical scores demonstrated slower attentional shifts between songs and audiobooks, suggesting a(n) ___40___ link between musical ability and attention management skills.
【答案】31. J 32. C
33. F 34. A
35. H 36. K
37. B 38. G
39. I 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项对音乐的研究，表明音乐能力和注意力管理技能之间存在潜在的联系。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了探索背景音乐如何影响我们跟随对话的方式，研究人员简·布朗和加文·比德尔曼进行了一项研究，分析了31名年龄在21岁和33岁之间的人的大脑活动。根据上文“If you want your guests to be particularly sociable at an upcoming party, make sure you play music they probably haven’t heard before.(如果你想让你的客人在即将到来的派对上特别善于交际，确保你播放的音乐他们可能以前没有听过)”可知，此处是探讨背景音乐对社交的影响，即音乐如何影响我们“跟随”对话。故选J。
【32题详解】
考查动名词。句意：在实验中，参与者听了72分钟的有声书，这对夫妇用它来代替注意力集中在某人说话上，而背景音乐大部分时间都伴随着有声书。分析句意再根据空格后的someone talking可知，此处是指注意力“集中”在某人说话上。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词的被动语态。句意：在剩下的时间里，他们被告知专注于四首背景歌曲，同样是每次播放两分钟。根据上文“The rest of the time, they were told to focus on four background songs,(剩下的时间里，他们被要求专注于四首背景歌曲)”可知，此处是指背景歌曲每次“播放”两分钟。故选F。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：这种声音的对比旨在评估参与者在两种截然不同的声音之间转移注意力的能力。根据下文“ability to shift attention between two distinctly different voices.(在两种截然不同的声音之间转移注意力的能力)”可知，此处是指声音的“对比”。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在实验中，所有的参与者都戴着专门的帽子来监测他们大脑中的电活动。根据下文“to monitor the electrical activity taking place in their brains.(来监测他们大脑中的电活动)”可知，参与者戴的是“专门的”帽子。故选H。
【36题详解】
考查动名词。句意：电活动的追踪是关键。根据上文第5题的分析可知，此处是指对电活动的“追踪”。故选K。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：这让布朗和比德尔曼发现，这些人在被要求集中注意力听有声书或听音乐时的效率有多高。分析句意再根据空格后的to do so可知，此处是指当“被要求”这样做的时候。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：研究结果显示，如果背景音乐对参与者来说不熟悉，他们会更好地将注意力转移到有声读物上。根据上文“how efficiently these individuals could focus on either the audiobook or the music(这些人在听有声书或听音乐时能有多高效)”可知，此处是指他们会“更好地”将注意力转移。故选G。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：任务结束后，参与者完成了一项音乐感知调查，评估他们的音乐技能，比如识别两首声音相似的曲调是否相同的能力。根据上文“survey evaluating their musical skills(调查评估他们的音乐技能)”可知，此处是指“识别”两首像似曲调是否相同的能力。故选I。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：值得注意的是，那些音乐得分较低的人在歌曲和有声读物之间的注意力转移较慢，这表明音乐能力和注意力管理技能之间存在潜在的联系。根据下文“between musical ability and attention management skills(在音乐能力和注意力管理能力之间)”可知，此处是指一种“潜在的”联系。故选D。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In Favour of Simple Writing
Do you edit text messages carefully before sending them If so, you may be the kind of person who takes pride in ___41___ even the simplest message. If you do not, you may see yourself as a go-getter, one who values excitement and speed over ___42___: get it done decently now rather than perfectly later.
People are constantly receiving messages, from the mailbox to the inbox to the text-message alert. What to read, what to skim (略读) and what to ignore are decisions that nearly everyone has to make dozens of times a day. A new book titled All Readers are Busy Nowadays makes the argument for being the careful kind of ___43___, even in informal lines. The authors also present well-established ___44___ that have long been prized in guides to writing.
Take “less is more”. Most books on writing well advocate the advice to ___45___ needless words. The authors, however, have ___46___ the idea. In an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the count from127 to 49 words almost ___47___ the response rate.
Keeping messages to a ___48___ idea—or as few as absolutely needed—helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on. ___49___ the number of the available options has the same effect, too. A link in an email, ____50____, attracted 50% more clicks when presented alone than when it was sent alongside a second additional link.
Syntax (句法) and ____51____ matter, too. It is more ____52____ to adopt short and active sentences, with common words familiar to everyone. From Facebook posts to online-travel reviews, even brief, informal pieces of writing that follow these rules get more likes and shares.
If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer, too. That may make it tempting to sent as many messages as ____53____ as possible and hope for the best. But from essays to text messages organizing dinner plans, devoting time to the needs of readers has provable ____54____. If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete, then you might as well have not ____55____ it at all.
41. A. conveying B. understanding C. crafting D. sending
42. A. care B. quantity C. simplicity D. technology
43. A. reader B. poster C. learner D. writer
44. A. structures B. principles C. aims D. alternatives
45. A. remove B. ignore C. reconsider D. interpret
46. A. conveyed B. translated C. tested D. shaped
47. A. lowered B. affected C. doubled D. maintained
48. A. basic B. positive C. definite D. single
49. A. Recording B. Reducing C. Counting D. Estimating
50. A. in comparison B. after all C. for instance D. in particular
51. A. word-choice B. pattern-design C. target-setting D. platform-selection
52. A. difficult B. suitable C. challenging D. common
53. A. carefully B. often C. politely D. quickly
54. A. outcomes B. points C. figures D. benefits
55. A. received B. written C. read D. answered
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. A 52. B 53. D 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍人们不断地收到信息，从邮箱到收件箱再到短信提醒。读什么，略读什么，忽略什么是几乎每个人每天都要做的决定，并介绍All Readers are Busy这本书中告诉了我们如何高效的撰写信息。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。 句意：如果是这样的话，你可能是那种以制作最简单的信息而自豪的人。A. conveying传送；B. understanding理解；C. crafting精心制作；D. sending发送。根据上文“Do you edit text messages carefully before sending them ”可知如果你是认真编辑短信的人，即使是最简单的信息，应该也会精心制作，故选C。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。 句意：如果你不是这样话，你可能会认为自己是一个积极进取的人，一个重视刺激和速度而不是关心的人：现在就把事情做好，而不是以后再完美地完成。A. care关心；B. quantity数量；C. simplicity简单；D. technology技术。根据上文“If you do not, you may see yourself as a go-getter”可知这里指你发信息的时候更注重速度而不是关心，故选A。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。 句意：一本名为《当今所有的读者都很忙》的新书提出，即使在非正式的行文中，也要做谨慎的撰写者。A. reader读者；B. poster海报；C. learner学习者；D. writer撰写者，作者。根据下文“even in informal lines”可知非正式的行文，所以应该是撰写者，作者，故选D。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。 句意：作者还提出了长期以来在写作指南中备受推崇的成熟原则。A. structures结构；B. principles原则；C. aims目的；D. alternatives可供选择的事务。根据下文“in guides to writing”可知在写作指南中应该提出的是写作的原则，规则，故选B。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。 句意：大多数关于写作的书都提倡去掉不必要的单词。A. remove去掉；B. ignore忽视；C. reconsider重新考虑；D. interpret口译。根据下文“needless words”可知，要去掉不必要的单词，故选A。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。 句意：然而，作者已经验证了这个想法。A. conveyed传输；B. translated翻译；C. tested测试；D. shaped塑造。根据下文“In an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the count from127 to 49 words”可知是对于去掉不必要的单词这一想法已经验证了，故选C。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。 句意：在一封发给数千名学校董事会成员的电子邮件中，他们要求他们进行一项调查，将字数从127个字减少到49个字，几乎使回复率翻了一番。A. lowered降低；B. affected影响；C. doubled加倍；D. maintained维持。根据上文“The authors, however, have ___6___ the idea.”可知这个想法得到了验证，所以应该是回复率翻了一倍，故选C。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：将信息集中在一个想法上——或者在绝对需要的时候尽量少一些——有助于确保它们被阅读、记住并采取行动。A. basic基本的；B. positive积极的；C. definite明确的；D. single单一的。根据上文“Take “less is more”.”和下文“helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on.”可推知是要把信息集中在一个想法上或者尽量少些，故选D。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。 句意：减少可用选项的数量也有同样的效果。A. Recording记录；B. Reducing减少；C. Counting数数；D. Estimating估计。根据上文“Keeping messages to a ___8___ idea—or as few as absolutely needed—helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on.”可推测这里要想有同样的效果，也应该是减少，故选B。
【50题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，电子邮件中的链接单独呈现时，比与第二个附加链接一起发送时吸引的点击量多50%。A. in comparison相比之下；B. after all毕竟；C. for instance例如；D. in particular尤其。根据上文“___9___ the number of the available options has the same effect, too.”可知本句是举例说明上文的这个观点，故选C。
【51题详解】
考查复合词语辨析。句意：语法和用词也很重要。A. word-choice选词；B. pattern-design模版设计；C. target-setting设定目标；D. platform-selection平台选择。根据上文“Syntax (句法)”以及本文主要说的是编辑短信，所以应该是选词，故选A。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：更适合采用短小主动的句子，用大家都熟悉的常用词。A. difficult困难的；B. suitable适合的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. common普通的。根据下文“to adopt short and active sentences, with common words familiar to everyone”和常识可知编辑信息更适合短小主动的句子，用大家都熟悉的常用词，故选B。
【53题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。 句意：这可能会促使人们在最短时间内发送尽可能多的信息，并抱着最好的希望。A. carefully仔细地；B. often经常；C. politely有礼貌地；D. quickly迅速地。根据上文“If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer, too.”可知人们如果是繁忙的读者，也就是繁忙的撰写者，那他发短信当然是越快越好，故选D。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。 句意：但从论文到安排晚餐计划的短信，花时间满足读者的需求是有好处的。A. outcomes结果；B. points要点；C. figures数字；D. benefits好处。根据下文“If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete”可知花时间编辑短信来满足读者的需求，应该有好处，否则那种杂乱无章的信息就很容易被删除，故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。 句意：如果你太忙了，以至于你写了一条杂乱无章的信息，读者会浏览、忽略和删除，那么你还不如根本不写它。A. received收到；B. written写；C. read读；D. answered回答。根据上文“If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete”可知如果太忙编辑一些杂乱无章的信息，就很容易被忽略或者删除，所以还不如不编辑，不写，故选B。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
Growing up in Ukraine, Vadim didn’t know what it was like to live in a safe, stable home. His parents were alcoholics who would often beat him. They’d even stuff him into a wine container, breaking his little body and leaving only a small opening at the top so he could breathe and see — but only just a little.
By the time Vadim turned 9, he was living in an orphanage (孤儿院). Unfortunately, as is the case with far too many little ones, his life only got worse there. Not only was he hurt, but he was placed in a room on the third floor, making it impossible to get downstairs in a wheelchair.
This left Vadim crawling up and down the stairs, an activity that was both physically and mentally exhausting. He’d often be late for meals. If the food wasn’t already gone by the time he arrived, other kids would steal from him.
Then, a chain effect began when some special folks visited the orphanage. They told him a story about a spiritual figure who advocated love and forgiveness. This conversation helped the 14-year-old find his faith and, in turn, he had more hope than he ever had before.
Today, Vadim is on longer the boy subject to fate. He is a father to his own kids, and his life couldn’t be more different or better. Over the years, he’s discovered a gift for expressing himself through art. This inspired Tim Tebow Foundation, an organization fighting for the most vulnerable (脆弱的) people around the world, to ask if he’d like to create a piece that represented what it looked and felt like for him to have gone from “darkness to light.”
The result A truly remarkable painting that features Vadim, in his wheelchair, leaving behind his old home, including the wine container his parents stuffed him into. His new direction includes a beautiful forest full of fall leaves and bright light, showing the hope he is said to have found in the inspiring story.
56. According to the passage, Vadim’s parents treated him ________.
A. abusively B. forgivingly C. thoughtfully D. strictly
57. Why did Vadim crawl up and down the stairs when living in the orphanage
A. Because his little roommates often did damage to his wheelchair.
B. Because other children would take his meal without permission.
C. Because he couldn’t use the wheelchair to go downstairs from a high floor.
D. Because getting downstairs was demanding for him physically and mentally.
58. The phrase “a chain effect ” in paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A. an effective treatment for Vadim’s disability
B. a series of positive changes occurring in Vadim’s life
C. a sense of hope from the story of a spiritual figure
D. a helping hand from Tim Tebow Foundation
59. What is the message that Vadim wants to convey in his remarkable painting
A. He admires the beauty and harmony of nature.
B. He leads a miserable life with his own kids.
C. He excels in delicate painting techniques.
D. He says farewell to the past and harvests happiness.
【答案】56. A 57. C 58. B 59. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了乌克兰孤儿Vadim在经历虐待、困境后，找到信仰，走向光明人生的历程。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“His parents were alcoholics who would often beat him. They’d even stuff him into a wine container, breaking his little body and leaving only a small opening at the top so he could breathe and see — but only just a little.(他的父母都是酒鬼，经常打他。他们甚至把他塞进一个葡萄酒容器里，把他小小的身体弄伤，只在顶部留下一个小口，让他可以呼吸和看到外面——但只有一点点)”可知，Vadim常常遭到父母的虐待。故选A项。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Not only was he hurt, but he was placed in a room on the third floor, making it impossible to get downstairs in a wheelchair.(他不仅受伤了，而且被安置在三楼的一个房间里，坐轮椅根本无法下楼)”和第三段中“This left Vadim crawling up and down the stairs, an activity that was both physically and mentally exhausting.(这让瓦迪姆在楼梯上爬上爬下，这是一项身心俱疲的活动)”可知，Vadim只能爬上爬下楼梯是因为坐在轮椅上无法下楼。故选C项。
【58题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“They told him a story about a spiritual figure who advocated love and forgiveness. This conversation helped the 14-year-old find his faith and, in turn, he had more hope than he ever had before.(他们给他讲了一个关于一位提倡爱和宽恕的精神人物的故事。这次谈话帮助这个14岁的男孩找到了他的信仰，反过来，他比以往任何时候都有了更多的希望)”可知，特殊人物的到访让Vadim找到信仰，给他带来希望，这些都积极的变化。所以“Then, a chain effect began when some special folks visited the orphanage.(然后，当一些特殊的人访问孤儿院时，a chain effect开始了)”中a chain effect指的是“一系列积极变化”。故选B项。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“This inspired Tim Tebow Foundation, an organization fighting for the most vulnerable (脆弱的) people around the world, to ask if he’d like to create a piece that represented what it looked and felt like for him to have gone from “darkness to light.”(这激发了蒂姆·蒂博基金会(Tim Tebow Foundation)的灵感，该基金会是一个为世界上最弱势群体而战的组织，他们问他是否愿意创作一件作品，代表他从“黑暗走向光明”的样子和感觉)”和最后一段中“A truly remarkable painting that features Vadim, in his wheelchair, leaving behind his old home, including the wine container his parents stuffed him into. His new direction includes a beautiful forest full of fall leaves and bright light, showing the hope he is said to have found in the inspiring story.(这是一幅非常了不起的画，画中瓦迪姆坐在轮椅上，离开了他的老家，还有他父母塞给他的酒桶。他的新方向包括一个充满落叶和明亮光线的美丽森林，展示了他据说在鼓舞人心的故事中找到的希望)”可推知，Vadim想在这幅非凡的画作中表达的是他从黑暗走向光明，告别过去，收获幸福。故选D项。
(B)
The Role of Crowdfunding in Business Growth
Crowdfunding is a fundraising method that makes use of the power of the Internet and social networks. It involves raising small amounts of money from a large number of individuals or investors, typically through online platforms. These platforms connect entrepreneurs (创业者) with potential backers who contribute funds to support a specific project, business, or idea.
Types of Crowdfunding
Reward-Based Crowdfunding—Backers get a reward, such as a product sample or easy access, in exchange for their contribution. This model is popular for startups and creative projects.
Equity (股权) Crowdfunding—Investors receive shares or equity in the business in exchange for their funding. This model is ideal for small businesses looking to raise substantial capital and is subject to specific regulations.
Debt Crowdfunding—Entrepreneurs borrow money from backers and agree to repay it with interest over time. This model is similar to a loan and is suitable for businesses with a clear repayment plan.
Tips for a Successful Crowdfunding Campaign
Set clear goals: Define your funding goal, the purpose of the funds, and how you’ll use the money.
Persuasive story: Make an appealing and genuine story about your business. Explain why it matters and how backers’ contributions will make a difference.
Engage your network: Mobilize your existing network of friends, family, and professional contacts to support your campaign. Their initial contributions can build momentum (动力).
Transparency: Be transparent and honest about your project’s progress and any challenges you encounter. Backers appreciate honesty.
Fulfill promises: Once your campaign is successful, fulfill your promises to backers timely and communicate regularly.
60. According to the passage, which of the following is accurate about crowdfunding
A. Reward-Based Crowdfunding is the most popular type of crowdfunding.
B. Backers can get the same kinds of rewards in the three types of crowdfunding.
C. Crowdfunding is a fundraising technique that relies on offline platforms.
D. Debt Crowdfunding is fit for businesses with a specific repayment schedule.
61. The 4th tip “Transparency” probably means “________”.
A. carefulness B. perseverance C. frankness D. optimism
62. The owners of Exploding Kittens, a card game corporation established six years ago, plan to raise a large sum of capital to start a promotion campaign. They are highly recommended to ________.
A. prefer Reward-Based Crowdfunding to Equity Crowdfunding
B. draft an attractive story about the campaign based on real information
C. realize their promises to backers on time even if the campaign is a failure
D. compare the initial support provided by different existing contacts
【答案】60. D 61. C 62. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了众筹在企业发展中的作用、类型以及成功进行众筹活动的技巧。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据Types of Crowdfunding的“Debt Crowdfunding—Entrepreneurs borrow money from backers and agree to repay it with interest over time. This model is similar to a loan and is suitable for businesses with a clear repayment plan.(债务众筹——企业家向支持者借钱，并同意在一段时间内连本带利偿还。这种模式类似于贷款，适用于有明确还款计划的企业。)”可知，债务众筹适用于有特定还款计划的企业。故选D。
【61题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的“Be transparent and honest about your project’s progress and any challenges you encounter. Backers appreciate honesty.(对项目的进展和遇到的任何挑战保持透明和诚实。支持者欣赏诚实。) ”可知，对支持者做到直率坦诚是有益的，则划线词意为“坦诚”，故选C。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据Tips for a Successful Crowdfunding Campaign的“Persuasive story: Make an appealing and genuine story about your business. Explain why it matters and how backers’ contributions will make a difference.(有说服力的故事：为你的公司编一个吸引人的真实故事。解释为什么它很重要，以及支持者的贡献将如何产生影响。)”可知，如果6年前成立的纸牌游戏公司“爆炸小猫”的老板们计划筹集一大笔资金来开展促销活动，强烈推荐他们应该编写一个吸引人的、基于真实信息的宣传活动故事，这样可以吸引潜在的支持者。故选B。
(C)
Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult.
New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications.
In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time.
Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident.
In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller.
“Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.”
63. In a search and rescue operation, ________.
A. the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours
B. the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location
C. weather conditions are a determining factor
D. changing currents present a challenge
64. The main significance of the new algorithm is ________.
A. accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations
B. dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea
C. cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters
D. predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents
65. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________.
A. the collection of data
B. the testing of the algorithm
C. the identification of the TRAPs
D. the cooperation of two research teams
66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea
B. How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives
C. Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations
D. Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen
【答案】63. D 64. C 65. B 66. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. (在当今的海上救援行动中，复杂的海洋动力学和天气预报模型被用来预测漂浮物体的路径。然而，对于快速变化的沿海水域，由于边界不确定和数据缺失，这种预测往往不准确。因此，搜索可能会在错误的位置启动，从而造成宝贵的时间损失。)”可知，在搜救行动中，不断变化的洋流是一个很大的挑战。故选D。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. (这使得能够快速准确地规划搜索路径，而搜索路径对事故发生时间和地点的不确定性不太敏感。)”和最后一段““Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. (Serra指出：“我们的结果获得得很快，易于解释，而且执行成本低廉。”)”可知，新算法可以对沿海水域中的物体和个人进行成本低但却高效的跟踪。故选C。
【65题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. (ETH团队与麻省理工学院的一个团队合作，在美国东北海岸玛莎葡萄园附近的两个独立海洋实验中测试了他们新的基于TRAP的搜索算法。该团队利用海岸警卫队可用的相同实时数据，成功地实时识别了该地区的TRAP。他们发现，扔到水中的浮标和人体模型确实很快沿着这些新出现的曲线聚集起来。Haller说：“在这个项目中测试的几种竞争方法中，这是唯一一种始终找到正确位置的算法。”)”可知，这一段主要介绍这项算法的测试。故选B。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. (苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组对海岸流的新见解有望增强目前使用的搜救技术。该团队利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法来预测漂浮在水中的物体和人的去向。最近发表在《自然通讯》上的一项研究的第一作者Mattia Serra说：“我们的工作显然有可能挽救生命。”)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。故选A。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Childhood Media Shaping Futures
Much of the media we consume during our formative years shapes us into the people we are today. Reflect on a particular piece of media from our childhood—perhaps it’s the TV show we eagerly awaited every weekend during visits to our grandmother’s house. ___67___ It shapes our dreams and fears and even drives us to future careers.
___68___ Older children may have had a lot more restrictions, like TV shows, movies, and social media access. And because of these, they were able to be a child for longer compared to their siblings (兄弟姐妹). Children who have older siblings tend to show more mature tendencies and can appear to “grow up quicker” than other children their age.
While they might have been restricted from social media accounts until a certain age, once given access, they tend to be more prepared. The media exposure of our generation has undoubtedly led to an increased maturation at younger ages. ___69___
Simply looking back at previous generations and the rate of consumption and processing of information that we experience every day, the effects of such are only beginning. As soon-to-be or current adults, we are already facing issues such as depression, anxiety, and delays in certain learning and social skills, just to name a few. Are we “more mature ” or are we overexposed and at risk for exceptional mental, physical, and emotional consequences
In conclusion, childhood media consumption significantly influences our lives. ___70___ Striking a balance between media exposure and mental well-being is essential for our growth in today’s media-rich world.
A. Such media doesn’t just entertain.
B. You can easily pick out the differences among your siblings.
C. As we journey through adulthood, it’s crucial to reflect on its impact.
D. Media exposure during childhood impacts each child in distinct ways.
E. Additionally, media have proven to have long-term effects on individuals.
F. However, our mental and physical states may not be adequately equipped to handle it.
【答案】67. A 68. D 69. F 70. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍童年时期接触的媒体在塑造孩子的未来方面的影响。
【67题详解】
根据上文“Much of the media we consume during our formative years shapes us into the people we are today. Reflect on a particular piece of media from our childhood—perhaps it’s the TV show we eagerly awaited every weekend during visits to our grandmother’s house. (在我们成长的岁月里，我们接触的许多媒体将我们塑造成现在的样子。回想一下我们童年时的一段特殊媒体记忆——也许这是我们每个周末去祖母家时热切期待的电视节目。)”和下文“It shapes our dreams and fears and even drives us to future careers. (它塑造了我们的梦想和恐惧，甚至驱使我们走向未来的事业。)”可知，这里介绍童年时的一段特殊媒体记忆对孩子的影响。选项A“这样的媒体不仅仅是娱乐。”和上下文意思一致。故选A。
【68题详解】
根据下文“Older children may have had a lot more restrictions, like TV shows, movies, and social media access. And because of these, they were able to be a child for longer compared to their siblings (兄弟姐妹). Children who have older siblings tend to show more mature tendencies and can appear to “grow up quicker” than other children their age. (年龄较大的孩子可能受到了更多的限制，比如电视节目、电影和社交媒体访问。正因为如此，与兄弟姐妹相比，他们能够成为一个更长时间的孩子。有哥哥姐姐的孩子往往表现出更成熟的倾向，看起来比同龄的其他孩子“成长得更快”。)”可知，这一段介绍儿童时期看的视频对孩子不同的影响。选项D“儿童时期接触的媒体以不同的方式影响着每个孩子。”和下文意思一致。故选D。
【69题详解】
根据上文“While they might have been restricted from social media accounts until a certain age, once given access, they tend to be more prepared. The media exposure of our generation has undoubtedly led to an increased maturation at younger ages. (虽然他们可能在一定年龄之前被限制使用社交媒体账户，但一旦获得访问权限，他们往往会更有准备。毫无疑问，我们这一代人的媒体曝光使他们在更年轻的时候更加成熟。)”和下文“Simply looking back at previous generations and the rate of consumption and processing of information that we experience every day, the effects of such are only beginning. As soon-to-be or current adults, we are already facing issues such as depression, anxiety, and delays in certain learning and social skills, just to name a few. Are we “more mature ” or are we overexposed and at risk for exceptional mental, physical, and emotional consequences (简单地回顾一下前几代人以及我们每天经历的信息消费和处理速度，其影响才刚刚开始。作为即将成年或现在的成年人，我们已经面临着抑郁、焦虑以及某些学习和社交技能的延迟等问题。我们是“更成熟了吗？”还是过度暴露，面临着异常的心理、身体和情感后果的风险？)”可知，过早的接触接触社交媒体对孩子有坏的影响。选项F“然而，我们的精神和身体状态可能没有足够的能力来处理它。”和上下文意思一致。故选F。
【70题详解】
根据上文“In conclusion, childhood media consumption significantly influences our lives. (总之，儿童时期接触的媒体对我们的生活产生了重大影响。)”和下文“Striking a balance between media exposure and mental well-being is essential for our growth in today’s media-rich world. (在媒体曝光和心理健康之间取得平衡对我们在当今媒体丰富的世界中的成长至关重要。)”可知，这里要求我们要平衡媒体曝光和心理健康之间的关系。选项C“在我们步入成年的过程中，反思它的影响是至关重要的。”和上下文意思一致。故选C。
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Have You Got Success Amnesia
Have you heard yourself say “it was nothing really” when someone congratulates you on a job well done Or have you drawn a blank when you are asked to make a list of what you have achieved If so, you have suffered success amnesia. Failing to acknowledge your hard work is often a sign of success amnesia. It signals that there might be a gap between how others view your achievements and how you see them.
People who have success amnesia often have a strong track record at work or get it sorted for family members. They are people who others would describe as successful and yet they find it difficult to acknowledge and own their results. They don’t hold their achievements in their memory bank.
This particular type of memory loss robs them of the satisfaction and pleasure that can follow in achieving a goal. And, perhaps more importantly, it robs them of confidence. Confidence does not guarantee success, but it does increase the chance of success. Why not try some practical methods
Ask for feedback about the impact you’ve had and then listen carefully. Watch out for anything that you begin to tell yourself “It wasn’t that big a deal.” Try to absorb what you hear. You can also look back over the past 6 or12 months, capture every success you can think of, whether large or small, and write them down clearly. Purposefully acknowledging and admitting your achievements can help to bring them into more realistic focus. Besides, be mindful that you have a tendency to forget or minimize your achievements. A sticky note on your laptop screen might help: my strengths and achievements are bigger than they appear to me.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Success amnesia refers to a phenomenon that those who play a vital role in job and life often fail to acknowledge their effort and accomplishments. People suffering success amnesia will witness a decline in their fulfillment and confidence. There are three ways to tackle success amnesia. Accept other people’s views toward the impact you’ve made. Note down all the success you’ve made. Make sure you can notice your advantages and achievements.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“成功遗忘症”的概念，指的是人们不愿意承认和认可自己的成就，导致自信心的缺失。文章提到了一些实际的方法；同时，文章提醒读者要注意自己往往会忽视或低估自己的成就，可以在电脑屏幕上贴上便条提醒自己：“我的优点和成就比我自己认为的要大”。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Failing to acknowledge your hard work is often a sign of success amnesia. It signals that there might be a gap between how others view your achievements and how you see them.
②They are people who others would describe as successful and yet they find it difficult to acknowledge and own their results. They don’t hold their achievements in their memory bank.
③This particular type of memory loss robs them of the satisfaction and pleasure that can follow in achieving a goal. And, perhaps more importantly, it robs them of confidence.
④Ask for feedback about the impact you’ve had and then listen carefully. You can also look back over the past 6 or 12 months, capture every success you can think of, whether large or small, and write them down clearly. Besides, be mindful that you have a tendency to forget or minimize your achievements.
2.缜密构思
将第3、4两个要点进行重组，将第1、2两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Success amnesia refers to the phenomenon where individuals who play significant roles in work and life often fail to acknowledge their own efforts and achievements.
People suffering from success amnesia experience a decline in their sense of accomplishment and self-confidence.
There are three methods to address success amnesia: accepting others’ perception of your influence, documenting all your accomplishments, and ensuring you take notice of your strengths and achievements.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Success amnesia refers to a phenomenon that those who play a vital role in job and life often fail to acknowledge their effort and accomplishments. 运用that引导的同位语从句，表达高级。
[高分句型2] People suffering success amnesia will witness a decline in their fulfillment and confidence.运用了现在分词作后置定语的结构，表达高级。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 这种新产品防水耐高温，卖得很好。(resistant) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The new product is resistant to water and heat, and sells well.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。这种新产品是主语译为“the new product”，短语be resistant to，意为“抵抗……的”，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语单数，谓语第三人称单数形式，水和高温作宾语，译为“water and heat”，卖得很好译为“sell well”，和前半句并列用and的连接，所以sell也用一般现在时，并且用第三人称单数形式，故翻译为The new product is resistant to water and heat, and sells well.
73. 短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？(account) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】What accounts for the growing popularity of short videos
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？”即“什么因素导致了短视频越来越受欢迎？”，“短视频”为“short videos”，“越来越受欢迎”为“growing popularity”，则“短视频越来越受欢迎”为“the growing popularity of short videos”，“导致，解释”为“account for”，句子描述的是客观存在的现状，谓语动词使用一般现在时，主语“什么”为“what”，谓语动词使用单数，故翻译为What accounts for the growing popularity of short videos
74. 外国游客对山顶寺庙中的中国古代艺术作品惊叹不已，流连忘返。(marvel) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Foreign tourists marveled at the ancient Chinese art works in the temple at the peak of the mountain, reluctant to leave. (and didn’t want to leave.)
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和形容词。外国游客翻译为“Foreign tourists”，对……惊叹不已翻译为“marvele at”，山顶寺庙中的中国古代艺术作品翻译为“the ancient Chinese art works in the temple at the peak of the mountain”，句子在陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。流连忘返为“reluctant to leave”，为形容词作状语。故翻译为：Foreign tourists marveled at the ancient Chinese art works in the temple at the peak of the mountain, reluctant to leave. (and didn’t want to leave.)
75. 这个提案聚焦如何保护青少年自由活跃的天性，我觉得评审小组会感兴趣。(appeal to) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The proposal/bill focuses on how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness, which I think will appeal to the review group.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、定语从句、固定短语。表示“这个提案”用the proposal或the bill，做主语；表示“聚焦”用focus on；表示“如何保护青少年自由活跃的天性”用疑问词加不定式形式，即how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness，作宾语；结合句意，应使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数形式，故主句翻译为The proposal/bill focuses on how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness；之后的部分可以用which引导非限制性定语从句，表示主句这件事会使得评审小组感兴趣；I think作为插入语放在引导词之后； appeal to sb.“对某人有吸引力”，为固定短语；表示“评审小组”用review group放在appeal to后作宾语；结合句子意思可知，该部分应使用一般将来时。故翻译为The proposal/bill focuses on how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness, which I think will appeal to the review group.
VI. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in120 -150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是上海市明启中学的高三学生李华，你的新西兰笔友Terry即将在下个学期来你们学校参加为期2个月的学习交流项目。他发来邮件，请你给他一些在上海生活和学习的建议。请你回复邮件。你的邮件须包含2～3条建议和相关理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Terry,
Happy to know that you will come to our school to participate in a 2-month learning exchange program next semester, I’m writing to give you some suggestions on your life and study here.
First, it is better to live in the dormitory, which can give you more chances to communicate with your classmates and know more about our school. Besides, you can go out at night to Shanghai Bund to enjoy its beauty and learn some customs and cultures of the city. What’s the most important is that if you can’t feel at home at first, making video calls to your parents is a good way to ease your bad feelings.
Hope my advice here can be of great help to you. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文是书面表达类应用文。要求考生给即将在下个学期来你们学校参加为期2个月的学习交流项目的新西兰笔友Terry发邮件，告诉他一些在上海生活和学习的建议。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴的：happy→glad/delighted
参加：participate in→take part in
此外：besides→what’s more
欣赏：enjoy→appreciate
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, you can go out at night to Shanghai Bund to enjoy its beauty and learn some customs and cultures of the city.
拓展句：Besides, you can go out at night to Shanghai Bund so that you can enjoy its beauty and learn some customs and cultures of the city.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Happy to know that you will come to our school to participate in a 2-month learning exchange program next semester, I’m writing to give you some suggestions on your life and study here. (由that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】First, it is better to live in the dormitory, which can give you more chances to communicate with your classmates and know more about our school. (由which引导的非限制性定语从句)2023学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研
英语试卷
(考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time, he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page-turner. “___21___ not being a trained musician, I’ve learned to read music to assist Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but ___22___ (act) as the group’s official page-turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score. In this way, the musicians don’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it ___23___. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
Being a page-turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music ___24___ go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 pages of turns, including back turns for repeat passages. ___25___ matters is onstage communication. Each pianist has their own style of “nodding” ___26___ ( indicate) a page turn that they need to practise with their page-turner.
But like all performances, there are moments ___27___ things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily, I was able to catch them and put them back.”
___28___ most page-turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“Sometimes my husband is not an attentive page-turner. He’s interested in the music, ___29___ (feel) every note, but I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ ” she laughed. “But Robert is ___30___ (qualified) page-turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. contrast B. instructed C. concentrating D. potential E. touching F. played G. better H. specialized I. spot J. follow K. tracing
Unfamiliar Music May Help People Chat at Parties
If you want your guests to be particularly sociable at an upcoming party, make sure you play music they probably haven’t heard before.
To explore how background music affects the way we ___31___ conversations, researchers Jane Brown and Gavin Bidelman conducted a study analyzing the brain activity of 31 individuals aged21 and 33. During the experiment, participants listened to 72 minutes of an audiobook (有声读物), which the pair used as a replacement for ___32___ on someone talking, while background music was accompanied by the audiobook for most of the time.
For half of the experiment, the participants were asked to focus on2-minute parts of an unfamiliar audiobook read by a man. The rest of the time, they were told to focus on four background songs, which were similarly ___33___ for2 minutes at a time. This ___34___ in voices aimed to assess participants’ ability to shift attention between two distinctly different voices.
During the experiment, all the participants wore ___35___ caps to monitor the electrical activity taking place in their brains. This ___36___ of electrical activity was the key. It allowed Brown and Bidelman to discover how efficiently these individuals could focus on either the audiobook or the music when ___37___ to do so. The finding revealed that the participants could ___38___ turn their attention to the audiobook if the background music was unfamiliar to them.
Following the task the participants completed a music perception survey evaluating their musical skills, such as the capacity to ___39___ whether a pair of similar-sounding tunes are the same. Notably, those with lower musical scores demonstrated slower attentional shifts between songs and audiobooks, suggesting a(n) ___40___ link between musical ability and attention management skills.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In Favour of Simple Writing
Do you edit text messages carefully before sending them If so, you may be the kind of person who takes pride in ___41___ even the simplest message. If you do not, you may see yourself as a go-getter, one who values excitement and speed over ___42___: get it done decently now rather than perfectly later.
People are constantly receiving messages, from the mailbox to the inbox to the text-message alert. What to read, what to skim (略读) and what to ignore are decisions that nearly everyone has to make dozens of times a day. A new book titled All Readers are Busy Nowadays makes the argument for being the careful kind of ___43___, even in informal lines. The authors also present well-established ___44___ that have long been prized in guides to writing.
Take “less is more”. Most books on writing well advocate the advice to ___45___ needless words. The authors, however, have ___46___ the idea. In an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the count from127 to 49 words almost ___47___ the response rate.
Keeping messages to a ___48___ idea—or as few as absolutely needed—helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on. ___49___ the number of the available options has the same effect, too. A link in an email, ____50____, attracted 50% more clicks when presented alone than when it was sent alongside a second additional link.
Syntax (句法) and ____51____ matter, too. It is more ____52____ to adopt short and active sentences, with common words familiar to everyone. From Facebook posts to online-travel reviews, even brief, informal pieces of writing that follow these rules get more likes and shares.
If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer, too. That may make it tempting to sent as many messages as ____53____ as possible and hope for the best. But from essays to text messages organizing dinner plans, devoting time to the needs of readers has provable ____54____. If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete, then you might as well have not ____55____ it at all.
41. A. conveying B. understanding C. crafting D. sending
42. A. care B. quantity C. simplicity D. technology
43. A. reader B. poster C. learner D. writer
44. A. structures B. principles C. aims D. alternatives
45. A. remove B. ignore C. reconsider D. interpret
46 A. conveyed B. translated C. tested D. shaped
47. A. lowered B. affected C. doubled D. maintained
48. A. basic B. positive C. definite D. single
49. A. Recording B. Reducing C. Counting D. Estimating
50. A. in comparison B. after all C. for instance D. in particular
51. A. word-choice B. pattern-design C. target-setting D. platform-selection
52. A. difficult B. suitable C. challenging D. common
53. A. carefully B. often C. politely D. quickly
54. A. outcomes B. points C. figures D. benefits
55. A. received B. written C. read D. answered
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
Growing up in Ukraine, Vadim didn’t know what it was like to live in a safe, stable home. His parents were alcoholics who would often beat him. They’d even stuff him into a wine container, breaking his little body and leaving only a small opening at the top so he could breathe and see — but only just a little.
By the time Vadim turned 9, he was living in an orphanage (孤儿院). Unfortunately, as is the case with far too many little ones, his life only got worse there. Not only was he hurt, but he was placed in a room on the third floor, making it impossible to get downstairs in a wheelchair.
This left Vadim crawling up and down the stairs, an activity that was both physically and mentally exhausting. He’d often be late for meals. If the food wasn’t already gone by the time he arrived, other kids would steal from him.
Then, a chain effect began when some special folks visited the orphanage. They told him a story about a spiritual figure who advocated love and forgiveness. This conversation helped the 14-year-old find his faith and, in turn, he had more hope than he ever had before.
Today, Vadim is on longer the boy subject to fate. He is a father to his own kids, and his life couldn’t be more different or better. Over the years, he’s discovered a gift for expressing himself through art. This inspired Tim Tebow Foundation, an organization fighting for the most vulnerable (脆弱的) people around the world, to ask if he’d like to create a piece that represented what it looked and felt like for him to have gone from “darkness to light.”
The result A truly remarkable painting that features Vadim, in his wheelchair, leaving behind his old home, including the wine container his parents stuffed him into. His new direction includes a beautiful forest full of fall leaves and bright light, showing the hope he is said to have found in the inspiring story.
56. According to the passage, Vadim’s parents treated him ________.
A. abusively B. forgivingly C. thoughtfully D. strictly
57. Why did Vadim crawl up and down the stairs when living in the orphanage
A. Because his little roommates often did damage to his wheelchair.
B. Because other children would take his meal without permission.
C. Because he couldn’t use the wheelchair to go downstairs from a high floor.
D. Because getting downstairs was demanding for him physically and mentally.
58. The phrase “a chain effect ” in paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A. an effective treatment for Vadim’s disability
B. a series of positive changes occurring in Vadim’s life
C. a sense of hope from the story of a spiritual figure
D. a helping hand from Tim Tebow Foundation
59. What is the message that Vadim wants to convey in his remarkable painting
A. He admires the beauty and harmony of nature.
B. He leads a miserable life with his own kids.
C. He excels in delicate painting techniques.
D. He says farewell to the past and harvests happiness.
(B)
The Role of Crowdfunding in Business Growth
Crowdfunding is a fundraising method that makes use of the power of the Internet and social networks. It involves raising small amounts of money from a large number of individuals or investors, typically through online platforms. These platforms connect entrepreneurs (创业者) with potential backers who contribute funds to support a specific project, business, or idea.
Types of Crowdfunding
Reward-Based Crowdfunding—Backers get a reward, such as a product sample or easy access, in exchange for their contribution. This model is popular for startups and creative projects.
Equity (股权) Crowdfunding—Investors receive shares or equity in the business in exchange for their funding. This model is ideal for small businesses looking to raise substantial capital and is subject to specific regulations.
Debt Crowdfunding—Entrepreneurs borrow money from backers and agree to repay it with interest over time. This model is similar to a loan and is suitable for businesses with a clear repayment plan.
Tips for a Successful Crowdfunding Campaign
Set clear goals: Define your funding goal, the purpose of the funds, and how you’ll use the money.
Persuasive story: Make an appealing and genuine story about your business. Explain why it matters and how backers’ contributions will make a difference.
Engage your network: Mobilize your existing network of friends, family, and professional contacts to support your campaign. Their initial contributions can build momentum (动力).
Transparency: Be transparent and honest about your project’s progress and any challenges you encounter. Backers appreciate honesty.
Fulfill promises: Once your campaign is successful, fulfill your promises to backers timely and communicate regularly.
60. According to the passage, which of the following is accurate about crowdfunding
A. Reward-Based Crowdfunding is the most popular type of crowdfunding.
B. Backers can get the same kinds of rewards in the three types of crowdfunding.
C. Crowdfunding is a fundraising technique that relies on offline platforms.
D. Debt Crowdfunding is fit for businesses with a specific repayment schedule.
61. The 4th tip “Transparency” probably means “________”.
A. carefulness B. perseverance C. frankness D. optimism
62. The owners of Exploding Kittens, a card game corporation established six years ago, plan to raise a large sum of capital to start a promotion campaign. They are highly recommended to ________.
A. prefer Reward-Based Crowdfunding to Equity Crowdfunding
B. draft an attractive story about the campaign based on real information
C. realize their promises to backers on time even if the campaign is a failure
D. compare the initial support provided by different existing contacts
(C)
Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult.
New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications.
In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time.
Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident.
In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller.
“Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.”
63. In a search and rescue operation, ________.
A. the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours
B. the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location
C. weather conditions are a determining factor
D. changing currents present a challenge
64. The main significance of the new algorithm is ________.
A. accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations
B. dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea
C. cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters
D. predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents
65. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________.
A. the collection of data
B. the testing of the algorithm
C. the identification of the TRAPs
D. the cooperation of two research teams
66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea
B. How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives
C. Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations
D. Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Childhood Media Shaping Futures
Much of the media we consume during our formative years shapes us into the people we are today. Reflect on a particular piece of media from our childhood—perhaps it’s the TV show we eagerly awaited every weekend during visits to our grandmother’s house. ___67___ It shapes our dreams and fears and even drives us to future careers.
___68___ Older children may have had a lot more restrictions, like TV shows, movies, and social media access. And because of these, they were able to be a child for longer compared to their siblings (兄弟姐妹). Children who have older siblings tend to show more mature tendencies and can appear to “grow up quicker” than other children their age.
While they might have been restricted from social media accounts until a certain age, once given access, they tend to be more prepared. The media exposure of our generation has undoubtedly led to an increased maturation at younger ages. ___69___
Simply looking back at previous generations and the rate of consumption and processing of information that we experience every day, the effects of such are only beginning. As soon-to-be or current adults, we are already facing issues such as depression, anxiety, and delays in certain learning and social skills, just to name a few. Are we “more mature ” or are we overexposed and at risk for exceptional mental, physical, and emotional consequences
In conclusion, childhood media consumption significantly influences our lives. ___70___ Striking a balance between media exposure and mental well-being is essential for our growth in today’s media-rich world.
A. Such media doesn’t just entertain.
B. You can easily pick out the differences among your siblings.
C. As we journey through adulthood, it’s crucial to reflect on its impact.
D. Media exposure during childhood impacts each child in distinct ways.
E. Additionally, media have proven to have long-term effects on individuals.
F. However, our mental and physical states may not be adequately equipped to handle it.
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Have You Got Success Amnesia
Have you heard yourself say “it was nothing really” when someone congratulates you on a job well done Or have you drawn a blank when you are asked to make a list of what you have achieved If so, you have suffered success amnesia. Failing to acknowledge your hard work is often a sign of success amnesia. It signals that there might be a gap between how others view your achievements and how you see them.
People who have success amnesia often have a strong track record at work or get it sorted for family members. They are people who others would describe as successful and yet they find it difficult to acknowledge and own their results. They don’t hold their achievements in their memory bank.
This particular type of memory loss robs them of the satisfaction and pleasure that can follow in achieving a goal. And, perhaps more importantly, it robs them of confidence. Confidence does not guarantee success, but it does increase the chance of success. Why not try some practical methods
Ask for feedback about the impact you’ve had and then listen carefully. Watch out for anything that you begin to tell yourself “It wasn’t that big a deal.” Try to absorb what you hear. You can also look back over the past 6 or12 months, capture every success you can think of, whether large or small, and write them down clearly. Purposefully acknowledging and admitting your achievements can help to bring them into more realistic focus. Besides, be mindful that you have a tendency to forget or minimize your achievements. A sticky note on your laptop screen might help: my strengths and achievements are bigger than they appear to me.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 这种新产品防水耐高温，卖得很好。(resistant) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
73. 短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？(account) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
74. 外国游客对山顶寺庙中的中国古代艺术作品惊叹不已，流连忘返。(marvel) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
75. 这个提案聚焦如何保护青少年自由活跃的天性，我觉得评审小组会感兴趣。(appeal to) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
VI. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in120 -150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是上海市明启中学高三学生李华，你的新西兰笔友Terry即将在下个学期来你们学校参加为期2个月的学习交流项目。他发来邮件，请你给他一些在上海生活和学习的建议。请你回复邮件。你的邮件须包含2～3条建议和相关理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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