资源简介

英语的五种基本句型
重点难点
1. 了解动词分类；
2. 掌握英语的五大基本句型
主语+系动词+表语（谁是什么/谁怎么样）
主语+谓语 （谁怎么了）
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 （谁做什么）
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
3. 掌握句子成分
初中考点：主语（形式主语，真正主语）；谓语；宾语（直接宾语，间接宾语）；宾语补足语（宾补）；定语；状语
内江以5道选择题出题考查，着重考查学生对最基本的句子成分的掌握
动词分类
1. 主语（subject）：动作的发出者
技巧：位于谓语动词前面；除了两个特殊句型例外
It is +adj./n. to do sth. It is +that（从句）
There be +主语+时间状语/地点状语
There will be +主语+时间状语/地点状语；
There is going to be +主语+时间状语/地点状语 （一般将来时）
He likes dancing.
To play basketball is happy.
Reading is a useful thing.
There are three books on the desk.
There will be a new classmate in our class.
He said there would be a new classmate in our class.
There is going to be a airport in Neijiang.
There lived a unhappy king.
There stand a high building on the square.
It is useful to read more books.
It is my plan to pass the test.
It is our goal to win the game.
It is my dream to go to a good university.
It is happy that we won the game.
It is sad that Tim broke his leg.
It is our plan that we can have a new library in the our school.
谓语（predicate）：动作
简单谓语:动词或短语动词组成
I like basketball.
He looks after two children.
We finish reading this book.
复合谓语：由情态动词/助动词+动词组成
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t like dancing.
She has finished the task.
The task has been finished.
The text was read by students three times yesterday.
The old man died.
注意：谓语动词有肯定；否定；时态；被动
3. 宾语（object）：动作的承受者/对象 （位于动词或介词后）
I like China.
We finish reading this book.
He can speak English well.
双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
I teach you English.
He gives me a book.
I show you my phone.
I tell you a story.
Under the desk, there are many books.
For me, I think English is useful.
4. 宾语补足语（object complement）：对宾语进行补充说明，说明宾语的状态、性质。call, make, name, see, find等。
We make the story interesting.
I tell him to eat an apple.
We all find him funny.
I let the girl go.
表语（predicative）：说明主语的性质和特征等。
技巧：位于系动词之后 （见最后详解）
He is a teacher.
The picture is on the wall.
It sounds a good idea.
Tom looks cool.
The food tastes bad.
My job is teaching English.
They are in the classroom.
定语（attribute）：修饰或限制名词或代词。
He is our friend.
后置定语：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个短语或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister.
状语（adverbial）：修饰动词、形容词、副词短语、或句子。
I eat the apple quickly.
I get up early.
I usually watch TV at three o’clock.
He can speak English very well.
I play basketball after school.
I play basketball on the weekend.
I like basketball very much.
I play basketball with my friend.
系动词
定义
用来辅助主语的动词，连接主语和表语
系动词 本身有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成系表结构
主 + 系 +表
表示主语的身份、状况、性质、特征等等
注意：系动词一般都可兼作实义动词，所以一定要理解该词在句中的具体词义
系动词无被动语态
（实义动词：品尝）
Eg: I taste the cake.
主 谓 宾
（系动词：尝起来）
The cake tastes good.
主 系 表
小技巧：一个动词后面接形容词，往往是系动词。
初中重点系动词（死记硬背）
一：状态系动词/be动词：am/is/are 是/不翻译
二：（五大）感官系动词：look/sound/feel(感觉）/taste/smell
……起来
三：变化系动词：become/get/grow/turn (go/come/run/fall...)
get angry grow old turn red
fall ill（生病） fall asleep （入睡）
四：持续系动词：keep/stay（保持）/remain （保持；仍然是） 初三出现
keep healthy stay healthy
(lie/stand/rest/last/continue/hold)
The matter rests a mystery.
五：表象系动词：seem/appear/look 似乎/好像/看起来……
六：终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，表达“证实”、“变成”之意 prove；turn out
The test turned out quite easy.

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