资源简介

押北京卷第40-43题
阅读表达
2021-2023年北京卷阅读表达考情统计
年份 体裁 类别 主题
2023年 说明文 人与社会 主要介绍了了解习惯是如何养成的有助于改掉坏习惯
2022年 记叙文 人与自我 汤姆利用自己的智慧成功解决了人们喝太多含糖饮料的问题
2021年 说明文 人与自我 如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除
阅读表达属于主观题，它既考查考生对语篇的理解能力，又考查考生的英语书面表达能力，考查的主要目的是理解、归纳、该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。不但选材新颖、时代性强，而且体裁多样、结构严谨、层次分明，其开放性试题的设置也给予考生一个充分的发散思维的空间和表达空间。试题以记叙文或者夹叙夹议为主，难度系数较低，适中。
题型特点：
1. 阅读表达题则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解，还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理解只是不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。
2. 阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。
3. 在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题(个人观点描述)、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。
命题规律：3:1:1（3道找出处，1道猜词义，1道开放性）
(2023北京)　
　　Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward—the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.
Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
1. How are habits built
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2. In what way is a routine different from a habit
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits (In about 40 words)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
答案　
[语篇解读]本文是说明文，主要介绍了了解习惯是如何养成的有助于改掉坏习惯。
1. Habits are built through learning and repetition.
答案线索在第二段第一句话“Habits are built through learning and repetition.（习惯是通过学习和重复养成的）”。
2. A routine is not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.
答案线索在第三段最后一句话“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.（虽然惯例包括重复的行为，但它不一定像习惯一样是对根深蒂固的冲动的反应）”。
3. Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks,while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
According to the passage, while you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. So building a healthy habit takes a longer time than picking up a new habit.
答案线索在第四段最后一句话“While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新习惯，但要养成一个健康的习惯却需要数月的时间）”并不是题干中所说的需要更短的时间。
4. One possible version:
I run for half an hour after school every day, which benefits me a lot. Firstly, running can help me get fit and prevent diseases. What’s more, it will provide relief from aches or tension that I may be suffering due to stress.
细节表达题：
题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。设问形式此类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容，常用what, why, how等特殊疑问词进行提问。
①问题形式：Why .. 回答形式：Because＋句子（表示原因）; Because of ＋名词性短语（表示原因）; To +动词原形（表示目的）; In order to +动词原形（表示目的）。
②问题形式：What ... 回答形式：完整的句子；名词（短语）；动名词（短语）
③问题形式：列举性问题。回答形式：名词（短语）；动名词（短语）。
④问题形式：How ... （询问方式）。回答形式：By ( doing )..；完整的句子。
解题技巧：
解该类题时，首先要仔细审题，然后根据题干中出现的关键词快速、准确地在文章中定位相应的语句，结合该语句（或其上下句）的内容，用正确的格式进行回答，答案内容往往是固定的、唯一的。
主旨表达题：
1. 题目要求：①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；②给文章拟一个恰当的标题。
2. 设问形式：① What’s the main idea of the passage / Paragraph ... ② What’s the passage mainly about
③ What’s the best title for the passage
常用的回答形式有：
①名词短语／动名词短语；
②名词＋后置定语；名词＋定语从句；名词＋同位语从句；
③名词性从句或“疑问词＋不定式”: What .../ Why ... How .../ How to...
解题技巧：
考生在回答该类问题时，要善于归纳文章、语段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主题段、主题句、关键词和核心词。
推断表达题
设问形式：① What’s the purpose of the text ② For what purpose does the author mention ... in Paragraph ...
③ What does the author really mean by saying ... ④ What kind of attitude does the author have towards ...
⑤ What does ... imply ⑥ What can we learn from the text
解题技巧：
①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的线索。
②要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能断章取义，以偏概全。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。
④不能主观臆想，也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点
⑤了解语篇结构，重视文章的主旨，体会文章基调，所写答案的内容一定要立足于语篇内容和主旨。
⑥把握句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，把握逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音，揣摩出作者的态度。
⑦回答要紧扣题目，语言既要完整，又要简洁，不要超过规定词数。
猜词表达题
设问形式：① What’s the meaning of the underlined word / phrase / part in the ... paragraph ② What does the underlined part in the ... paragraph mean
常用的回答形式有：
① To show / inform us that ...,
② To give us useful tips / advice / suggestions on how to ...;
③ To encourage / persuade us to ...
④ 相近含义、相同词性的单词；完整、直白、简短的句子。
解题技巧：
结合文章主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测，借助画线词后面破折号所给出的解释、同位语、定语从句等来确定词义，构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号、冒号、破折号和小括号等连接；定语从句在文中起着解释和说明的作用。还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词法及语篇文脉关系等理解猜测其含义有些题目需要对较大的上下文范围进行理解，甚至通过理解整个语篇,来进行猜测判断。
开放题
开放性问题(个人观点描述)，答案往往是不唯一。但回答问题时用词尽量简练，不能出现拼写和语法错误。
一
(2024届北京门市头沟区高三一模)
The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons and become popular around the world. However, each new pair you buy has a much higher cost than you might think.
Every pair of jeans takes about 0.7 kilograms of cotton. Growing this much cotton requires roughly 10,000 liters of water, not to mention various herbicides and pesticides, which can pollute groundwater. Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. In order to dye the cloth, chemical sprays and several cycles of acid-washing are adopted, discharging toxic pollutants into rivers and even turn them into indigo-blue. Also, there are the zippers, buttons, and rivets made of copper and other metals, whose mining is yet another source of environmental degradation. All in all, the manufacturing (制造) process for a single pair of jeans emits over 33 kilograms of carbon — the equivalent of driving over 110 kilometers.
Like many globally produced products, jeans are made in poor countries and bought in rich ones. Much of the world’s cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor practices and few protections for workers. Cotton here is often picked by children or forced labor. And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. Because of the fast-paced and rough manufacturing with unnatural materials, today, most pairs last no longer than a year. Like most waste, discarded jeans end up in landfills, where their decomposition releases
greenhouse gas. Some governments are pursuing policies to make companies more responsible for worker pay and welfare, but unsustainable practices still run crazy throughout the fashion industry.
40. Who may be the first consumers of jeans
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why are plastic fibers used when pairs of jeans are made
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
43. What suggestions would you give to reduce the damage caused by jeans (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Blue-collar workers.
41. Because they can increase comfort and flexibility./To increase comfort and flexibility.
42. Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected.
According to the passage, their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production.
43. Jeans should be made of organic cotton that doesn’t use fertilizers and pesticides, which has a smaller impact on the environment and human health. Second, manufacturer collect discarded jeans for recycling, such as manufacturing environmentally friendly shopping bags and other products.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了牛仔裤很受当代人欢迎，但制作牛仔裤的过程会对环境产生破坏，牛仔裤在贫穷国家生产，这也对发展中国家的人民和环境有害，而废弃的牛仔裤分解后会释放出温室气体。
40.考查细节理解。由第一段中“The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons (第一条牛仔裤是为蓝领工人设计的。在20世纪，工人阶级的裤子已经转变为时尚偶像)”可知，牛仔裤的第一批消费者是蓝领工人。故答案为：Blue-collar workers.
41.考查细节理解。由第二段中“Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. (通常，塑料纤维与棉线混合以增加舒适度和灵活性)”可知，制作牛仔裤时要使用塑料纤维是因为它们可以增加舒适度和灵活性。故答案为：Because they can increase comfort and flexibility./To increase comfort and flexibility.
42.考查细节理解。由第三段中“Much of the world’s cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor
practices and few protections for workers. (世界上大部分棉花种植在发展中国家，这些国家的劳动惯例很差，对工人的保护也很少)”和“And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. (在生产过程中，他们的健康可能会受到有毒化学物质的威胁)”可知，贫穷国家对工人的保护很少，在生产过程中，他们的健康可能会受到有毒化学物质的威胁，工人的健康得不到很好的保护，“workers’ health is well protected”错误。故答案为：Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected. According to the passage, their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production.
43.考查开放答题。针对如何减少牛仔裤造成的环境伤害，我建议：牛仔裤应该由不使用化肥和杀虫剂的有机棉制成，这对环境和人类健康的影响较小。其次，制造商可以收集废弃的牛仔裤进行回收，例如制造环保购物袋和其他产品。故答案为：Jeans should be made of organic cotton that doesn’t use fertilizers and pesticides, which has a smaller impact on the environment and human health. Second, manufacturer collect discarded jeans for recycling, such as manufacturing environmentally friendly shopping bags and other products.
二
(2024届北京市东城区等5区高三下学期一模)
In order to fit in and make friends in a new school, Amanda observed how her classmates behaved and interacted with each other. Gradually, she perfectly adopted the mannerisms of the classmates around her, laughing at their jokes, nodding in agreement with their opinions, hiding herself into someone she thought others wanted her to be. We’ve all done these. This is social masking, the process of holding back or hiding our natural way of interacting with others so we can feel accepted.
In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves, you might wonder why many of us rely on social masking. “Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,” says psychologist Dipti Tait. “It’s a tribal (群体的) thing of being together rather than being on our own. We all have certain masks to protect ourselves from exposure and difference.” While masking can help us deal with social situations, it can also come with negative consequences. Hiding our behaviours and interests constantly can lead to a strong feeling of separation, disconnection, and internal conflict. As a result, we may experience a heightened and increased possibility of developing depression as westruggle to understand social situations and signs that others take for granted.
Fortunately, a mask is not our own skin. We may feel extremely tired after social engagements and want to spend time alone in order to feel like ourselves. “The goal is to feel safe enough to remove the mask,” says Tait. “It’s crucial for individuals to receive acceptance and support for who they are, rather than feeling like they need to hide their true selves in order to fit in.”
40. What is social masking
_____________________________________________________________
41. Why do many of us rely on social masking
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When people struggle to understand social situations that others consider normal, they will feel less depressed.
_____________________________________________________________
43. In addition to masking, what else can you do to fit in when you are in a new environment (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】40. It is the process of holding back or hiding your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted.
41. Because we as a species want to be included./It’s a tribal thing of being together rather than being on our own./We all have certain masks to protect ourselves from exposure and difference./Because as a species everyone wants to be included rather than being on their own or being exposed and different.
42. When people struggle to understand social situations that others consider normal, they will feel less depressed.
When people struggle to understand social situations that others consider normal, they will feel less depressed. According to the passage, they will feel more depressed/they may experience a heightened and increased possibility of developing depression.
43. As a student, when I am in a new environment, I will try to interact with my classmates, which can make us know each other better. I will make myself clear because it is a sign of respect for others and myself. (开放题，言之有理即可)
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“社会伪装”，其产生的原因以及带来的不良后果。
40.考查细节理解。根据第一段中“This is social masking, the process of holding back or hiding our natural way of interacting with others so we can feel accepted. (这是一种社会伪装，是一种抑制或隐藏我们与他人互动的自然方式的过程，这样我们就能感到被接受)”可知，社会伪装是一种克制或隐藏你与他人互动的自然方式的过程，这样你就会感到被接受。故答案为：It is the process of holding back or hiding your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted.
41.考查细节理解。根据第二段中““Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,” says psychologist Dipti Tait. “It’s a tribal (群体的) thing of being together rather than being on our own. We all have
certain masks to protect ourselves from exposure and difference.” (心理学家Dipti Tait说：“社会伪装之所以发生，是因为我们作为一个物种想要被包容。这是一个群体的的事情，我们在一起，而不是我们自己。我们都有一定的伪装来保护自己免受暴露和差异的影响。”)”可知，我们中的很多人都依赖社会伪装是因为我们想要被包容；因为我们是一个群体，而不是一个人；或者因为我们都有一定的伪装来保护自己免受暴露和差异的影响。故答案为：Because we as a species want to be included./It’s a tribal thing of being together rather than being on our own./We all have certain masks to protect ourselves from exposure and difference./Because as a species everyone wants to be included rather than being on their own or being exposed and different.
42.考查细节理解。根据第二段中“As a result, we may experience a heightened and increased possibility of developing depression as we struggle to understand social situations and signs that others take for granted. (因此，当我们努力理解别人认为理所当然的社会情境和迹象时，我们可能会经历更大的的患抑郁症的可能性)”可知，当人们努力理解别人认为理所当然的社会情境和迹象时，可能会经历严重的抑郁。因此句中错误部分为“they will feel less depressed”；根据文章可知，他们的情绪会更加低落。故答案为：When people struggle to understand social situations that others consider normal, they will feel less depressed. According to the passage, they will feel more depressed/they may experience a heightened and increased possibility of developing depression.
43.开放性题目。答案符合逻辑即可，注意词数要求。例如，作为一名学生，当我在一个新环境中，我会尝试与我的同学互动，这可以让我们更好地了解彼此。我会把自己的意思说清楚，因为这是一种尊重他人和尊重自己的表现。故答案可为：As a student, when I am in a new environment, I will try to interact with my classmates, which can make us know each other better. I will make myself clear because it is a sign of respect for others and myself.
三
(2024届北京市西城区高三下学期一模)
In a fast-paced world, where stress and mental tiredness seem commonplace, we’re constantly looking for new ways to unwind. People may carry out a variety of activities to help them relax. But what about the birdsongs or other nature sounds Could they also help people to let go of the tensions of modern life
According to a study by King’s College London in 2022, seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people. Taking a trip to places rich in birdlife like parks, forests and canals and encountering birds singing to each other in the trees could even help to treat some mental health conditions. And it’s not just birds that could have a curative effect on our moods. Another study conducted by the National Trust compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation (冥想) apps. The study found listening to birdsong as well as
other woodland sounds like leaves crunching underfoot or the gentle flow of a stream boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than the apps do. Other sounds which may help to cool people down are waves lapping on the shore, gentle wind, and light rainfall.
However, not all of us live in rural surroundings, and depending on where we live, a trip to the countryside to see birds may not be an option. But could the nature sounds that originate there still help you According to research by California Polytechnic State University, even a recording of the sounds of birds had a profound effect on people’s mood, while other studies saw people listening to soundscapes of the coast and forests with similar outcomes to their wellbeing.
So, wherever you live, you can access the wonderful sounds of birds and nature during a stroll through a wood or via some headphones. And maybe listening to the chirps, trills, warbles and whistles of some birds could help you to relax after a long, hard day.
40. What did the study by King’s College London in 2022 find
_____________________________________________________________________________________
41. How did the National Trust conduct the study
_____________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to the passage, birds singing, voiced meditation apps and the recording of the sounds of nature have the same effect on people’s mood.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
43. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what do you usually do to help you relax in your daily life (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people.
41. They compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation apps.
42. According to the passage, birds singing, voiced meditation apps and the recording of the sounds of nature have the same effect on people’s mood. The study found listening to birdsong as well as other sounds of nature boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than the apps do.
43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, I usually listen to music, do some simple exercises, or engage in hobbies such as reading and painting to help me relax in daily life.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了2022年伦敦国王学院的研究发现看到或听到鸟的声音有助于促进人们的心理健康。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现等。
40.考查细节理解。根据第二段“According to a study by King’s College London in 2022, seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people.(根据伦敦国王学院2022年的一项研究，看到或听到鸟类有助于促进人们的心理健康)”可知，2022年伦敦国王学院的研究发现看到或听到鸟的声音有助于促进人们的心理健康。故答案为Seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people.
41.考查细节理解。根据第二段“Another study conducted by the National Trust compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation (冥想) apps.(国民信托组织进行的另一项研究比较了林地声音和语音冥想应用程序的影响)”可知，国民信托是比较了林地声音和有声冥想应用程序的效果来进行这项研究。故答案为They compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation apps.
42.考查细节理解。根据第二段“The study found listening to birdsong as well as other woodland sounds like leaves crunching underfoot or the gentle flow of a stream boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than the apps do.(研究发现，听鸟鸣以及其他林地的声音，如脚下树叶的嘎吱声或溪流的轻柔流水声，比应用程序能让人放松30%)”可知，错误的部分为“have the same effect on people’s mood”，研究发现，听鸟鸣和其他自然声音能比应用程序多增加30%的放松感。故答案为
43.考查开放题。根据“除了文中提到的，你在日常生活中通常做些什么来帮助你放松？”可回答：除了文章中提到的，我通常听音乐，做一些简单的练习，或从事爱好，如阅读和绘画，以帮助我放松在日常生活中。故答案为In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, I usually listen to music, do some simple exercises, or engage in hobbies such as reading and painting to help me relax in daily life.
四
阅读下面短文，根据题后要求回答问题。
Fashion’s Melt Down
Throwaway culture is trashing the planet—but one young chemical engineer has her own way to turn it over.
Fast fashion has changed the way we dress. We buy more clothes, more often–but we wear them less. Alina Bassi, founder of Kleiderly, wants to give our clothing waste another chance at a useful life.
Bassi has always cared about the threat of climate change, but she actually started her career in the oil industry. After a few years, she landed at bio-bean, a startup that turned waste coffee grounds into products that could be burnt for heat and fuel. After a year, Bassi was keen to branch out—used coffee grounds are not the biggest threat facing the planet. Instead, she poured her efforts into tackling a much bigger global polluter: the
fashion industry.
According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is set to double by 2050. But they don’t last long enough to offset(抵消) the carbon cost of producing the material, creating the clothes, and then shipping them to customers. “It makes no sense that we have such a high carbon footprint for something so short-lived.” Bassi says.
Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi has developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture.
Fashion companies have some other ways to reduce fashion waste, from creating clothes designed to last, to recycling the fabric to make more clothing. But “a problem this big needs multiple solutions,” Bassi says. “We think about the multiple lives of a product and how we can keep reusing it instead of letting it fall into landfills or incinerators (焚化炉),” she says.
1．Why did Bassi switch her focus to the fashion industry
2．How did she tackle the problems caused by the fashion industry
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
● Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing.
4．Please briefly present your own solution(s) to the throwaway problem in daily life. (about 40 words)
1．Because it’s a much bigger global polluter. 2．Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic.
Bassi used the principles of a circular economy and developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. 3．Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing.
According to the passage, the new material can be used to make different products. 4．I think an effective
solution is to reduce the use of disposable items, such as using reusable water bottles, purchasing reusable shopping bags, and reducing the use of single-use items like plastic bags and straws.
【导语】本文是新闻报道。讲述了一次性文化正在破坏这个星球，但一位年轻的化学工程师Bassi有她自己的方法来扭转这一局面。
1．考查推理判断。根据第四段“According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is set to double by 2050. But they don’t last long enough to offset(抵消) the carbon cost of producing the material, creating the clothes, and then shipping them to customers. “It makes no sense that we have such a high carbon footprint for something so short-lived.” Bassi says.(根据艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会的数据，我们每年生产1000亿件衣服，到2050年，这一数字将翻一番。但它们持续的时间不够长，不足以抵消生产材料、制作衣服、然后运送给客户的碳成本。“如此短暂的事物产生如此高的碳足迹是没有道理的。”Bassi说。)”可知，Bassi把她的注意力转向了时尚行业是因为，衣服已成为更大的全球污染源。故回答：Because it’s a much bigger global polluter.
2．考查细节理解。根据第五段“Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi has developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture.(Bassi利用循环经济的原则，开发了一种低能耗、多阶段的工艺，将服装纤维转化为油基塑料的替代品。这种新塑料可以在制造商现有的机器中使用，这样你的旧t恤和牛仔裤就会变成不同的产品，而不是衣服，比如衣架，甚至家具)”可知，Bassi利用循环经济的原则，开发了一种低能耗、多阶段的工艺，将服装纤维转化为油基塑料的替代品。故回答：Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic.
3．考查细节理解。根据第五段“This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture.(这种新塑料可以在制造商现有的机器中使用，这样你的旧t恤和牛仔裤就会变成不同的产品，而不是衣服，比如衣架，甚至家具)”可知，“Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing.”这句中，“more clothing”表述错误，因为根据文中内容可知，你的旧t恤和牛仔裤就会变成不同的产品，而不是更多衣服。故回答：According to the passage, the new material can be used to make different products.
4．开放性试题。我认为一个有效的方法是减少使用一次性用品，例如使用可重复使用的水瓶，购买可重复
使用的购物袋，并减少使用塑料袋和吸管等一次性物品。故回答：I think an effective solution is to reduce the use of disposable items, such as using reusable water bottles, purchasing reusable shopping bags, and reducing the use of single-use items like plastic bags and straws.
五
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
They say to find out what you really want, go back to when you were a child.
When I was a kid, I really wanted to be a painter, but I was never great at it. I was discouraged, because in art classes my paintings were never the most beautiful. In the third grade, we were given a project to create a portrait. I used the skills and tips we were all taught in class. After we were done, we presented our portraits. We stood in front of the class and explained our technique. I remember looking at other portraits thinking,“We were given the same skills, why do theirs look so professional and mine looks so amateur ”
But I still really enjoyed painting because it’s a forgiving art. If I don’t like what I’ve put on paper, I can paint over it. I can mix colors and make new ones. Also, I can release some creative juices, use what has inspired me and allow that to pour out of me in a way I may not have imagined.
But because I have always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, I just decided to change what beauty looked like. I changed what beauty meant to me.
Throughout school, they taught us about Picasso, van Gogh and da Vinci, and I never saw myself or my art in their works. These artists were always painting whatever was in front of them and around them. But that’s not what I saw around me.
Then I learned about Basquiat, who inspired me to paint abstract pictures. I paint when I’m moved, and I am often moved by what’s natural:emotions, nature, and other forms of art. I am also very moved by pain. When there is pain in the world or in my heart, it can be unbearable. I had a conversation with an activist in St.Louis named Spook, and I explained to her this feeling and she told me,“Pain is energy. You have to learn how to channel that energy into something productive.”So sometimes I channel that pain into art, into a painting.
Even if the picture doesn’t turn out aesthetically (美学地) pleasing by society’s standards, it’s still beautiful that I was able to create something. My paintings may not be a Basquiat, but they’re mine, so I love them anyway.
1．What did the author find after the portrait presentation
2．What factors motivated the author to keep his passion for arts
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The author has always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, so he tried to meet society’s standards.
4．Besides painting,what other art form would you use to express beauty And explain why.(In about 40 words)
1．Others’/Other kids’ portraits looked so professional and/but his looked so amateur. 2．His childhood dream; His belief that painting is a forgiving art; The inspiration he got from Basquiat; The fact that he could channel pain into art. 3．The author has always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, so he tried to meet society’s standards.
So he just decided to change what beauty looked like, and he changed what beauty meant to him.
So he changed what beauty looked like.
So he changed what beauty meant to him.
But he didn’t try to meet the society’s standards. 4．I use singing to express beauty. By singing my favorite songs, I can voice my passion and appreciation towards beautiful things in life. Besides, any musical elements like lyrics, melody or rhyme can be expressive, conveying beauty and enjoyment to the audience.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我小的时候不擅长绘画，因为我一直想画出美丽的画，所以我决定改变美丽的样子，我开始带着情感创作抽象画，并且不管这些画在世人的眼中是否美好，我都喜欢我的作品。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“I remember looking at other portraits thinking,“We were given the same skills, why do theirs look so professional and mine looks so amateur ”（记得看到其他肖像时，我想，“我们被赋予了同样的技能，为什么他们的看起来如此专业，而我的看起来如此业余？”）”可知，其他孩子的肖像看起来很专业，但他的肖像看起来很业余。故答案为Others’/Other kids’ portraits looked so professional and/but his looked so amateur。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“When I was a kid, I really wanted to be a painter, but I was never great at it.（我还是个孩子的时候，我真的很想成为一名画家，但我从来都不擅长。）”及第三段“But I still really enjoyed painting because it’s a forgiving art.（但我仍然非常喜欢绘画，因为这是一种宽容的艺术。）”及第六段“Then I learned about Basquiat, who inspired me to paint abstract pictures.（然后我了解了巴斯奎特，他激励我画抽象画。）”及倒数第二段“So sometimes I channel that pain into art, into a painting.（所以有时我会把这种痛苦转化为艺术，转化为绘画。）”可知，激励作者保持对艺术事业的热情的是他儿时的梦想；他相信绘画是一种宽容的艺术；
他从巴斯奎特那里得到的灵感以及他可以将痛苦转化为艺术的想法。故答案为：His childhood dream; His belief that painting is a forgiving art; The inspiration he got from Basquiat; The fact that he could channel pain into art。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“But because I have always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, I just decided to change what beauty looked like. I changed what beauty meant to me.（但因为我一直想画出美丽的画，所以我决定改变美丽的样子。我改变了美丽对我的意义。）”可知，作者在想要画出美丽图画时想要改变的是美丽的样子和对美的定义，并没有尝试满足社会的标准，“so he tried to meet society’s standards（所以他尝试满足社会的标准）”是错误的，故答案为：The author has always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, so he tried to meet society’s standards.S o he just decided to change what beauty looked like, and he changed what beauty meant to him./So he changed what beauty looked like./But he didn’t try to meet the society’s standards。
4．开放性试题。除了绘画，我用唱歌来表达美。通过演唱我最喜欢的歌曲，我可以表达我对生活中美好事物的热情和欣赏。此外，任何音乐元素，如歌词、旋律或押韵，都可以向观众传达美。故答案为：I use singing to express beauty. By singing my favorite songs, I can voice my passion and appreciation towards beautiful things in life. Besides, any musical elements like lyrics, melody or rhyme can convey beauty to the audience。
六
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Brain, 58, was treated in intensive care for a severe case. As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
“Every day I would input my vital signs on the app,” Brain said. “If anything went wrong or wasn’t right, a nurse would call me straight away.”
Brain spent six weeks on this “virtual ward (病房)”, run by his local NHS hospital in partnership with Doccla, a healthcare technology company. He is one of thousands of patients to have been treated in new “hospitals at home”, seen by NHS leaders as a “lifeline” for overwhelmed hospitals that have run out of beds. 2,500 virtual ward beds were already in use, ensuring that people could “get the care they need from their own homes”.
Retz, founder of Docile, said soon there could be “regional command centers”, where a doctor or nurse monitored data from hundreds of patients displayed on a dashboard. “It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor,” he said.
Noel O’Kelly, clinical director at Spirit Health, said, “Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be
damaging to the health of older patients. We have already seen very encouraging results from the use of virtual wards for older patients.”
Virtual wards allow real potential to support people to recover well in the community. The model is not a silver bullet and health leaders are mindful that it should not worsen health inequalities, but it could present a vital lifeline for the system.
1．How was Brain treated after his condition stabilized
2．What do “regional command centers” and traditional ward rounds have in common
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited.
4．Besides what’s mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think virtual hospitals may have (In about 40 words)
1．He was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor. 2．Patients submit data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor. 3．Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited.
According to the passage, older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to their health. 4．言之有理即可。I think virtual wards can improve the quality of life for older people because living at home can ensure that they eat better and participate in normal social interaction.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是虚拟病房的优点。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.(病情一稳定，他就带着手机和血压计等设备被送回家。)”可知，他被送回家时带着包括电话和血压计在内的设备。故答案为He was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
2．考查细节理解。根据第四段的“It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients
submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor(它的工作方式与医院的传统查房类似，患者每天提交一到两次数据，由医生审查)”可知，“区域指挥中心”和传统的查房的共同之处在于患者每天提交一到两次数据，由医生审查。故答案为Patients submit data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor.
3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to the health of older patients.(老年人希望尽可能少地住院，避免去医院，尤其是频繁的住院和长时间的住院会损害老年患者的健康。)”可知，老年人希望少住院的原因是因为长时间住院不利于身体健康，而不是因为医院的医疗资源有限，故答案为Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited. According to the passage, older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to their health.
4．考查推理判断。言之有理即可。根据文章可知，我认为虚拟病房可以提高老年人的生活质量，因为在家居住可以确保老年人吃得更好，也可参加正常的社交。故答案为I think virtual wards can improve the quality of life for older people because living at home can ensure that they eat better and participate in normal social interaction.
七
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
With society’s high pressures to achieve, it’s understandable that individuals prefer to hide their weak points—but doing so comes at a cost.
I learned that lesson when I participated in a hiking expedition. As a new hiker, I struggled. The trip was difficult to me even without needing to carry my heavy camping packs. I was slowed down, yet I refused to tell my teammates in hopes that I would seem perseverant. To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief.
For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times. Yet, the advantage of authenticity is evident, driving its recent popularity among thought leaders. Authenticity even improved my hiking experience—the moment my group admitted to our shortcomings was when we started working better as a team. So, can being ourselves not only help us work better, but help those who workaround us
The truth is, it can.
Researchers have found that not only did authentic workers have higher work engagement and lower work tiredness, but their teammates had the same results, regardless of whether they were genuine themselves. The results suggest that the benefits of authenticity go beyond the individual, and spread to teammates as well. So, we can improve our teammates’ work behavior by merely being ourselves.
Why does authenticity boost our teammates This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work. By focusing lesson appearing hard-working in hopes to get ahead—and more on trying to be better all-around individuals—authentic teammates can make a great impact on their work environment.
1．How did the author feel when one team member asked for a rest during the hiking
2．Why is it hard for people to display their true selves
3．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Authentic workers feel safe by being then selves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
4．Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think authenticity can bring to us (In about 40 words)
1．He felt happy and surprised./He felt relieved. 2．Because people have learned to adapt and fit into their environment. 3．Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
Authentic workers make their workmates feel safe. 4．When we are authentic, we become more trustworthy, empathetic, and better able to connect with others. Additionally, authenticity can increase our overall well-being, as living in alignment with our true selves can lead to a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfillment in life.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在社会压力巨大的情况下，个人倾向于隐藏自己的弱点是可以理解的，但这样做是有代价的。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s
apparent relief.(令我又惊又喜的是，一个比较活跃的成员要求我们停下来休息一下。在注意到团队中其他人明显松了一口气后，我很快意识到我并不是唯一一个隐藏自己弱点的人。)”可知，在徒步旅行时，当有一位队员要求休息时，作者感到又惊又喜；同时根据下一句，团队中有人明显松了一口气可知，作者也感到放松了。故答案为He felt happy and surprised./He felt relieved。
2．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times.(对我们中的许多人来说，在日常生活中，真实或表现出真实的自我是相当具有挑战性的。作为社会生物，我们已经学会了适应和融入我们的环境，有时展示我们内心是一个挑战。)”可知，我们之所以不愿意展示真实的自我是因为我们已经学会了适应和融入我们的环境。故答案为Because people have learned to adapt and fit into their environment。
3．考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段“This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work.(这是因为真诚的队友不会以牺牲自己的工作或人际关系为代价来优先保护自己。相反，他们在做决定时认识到自己和他人的利益。这让他们的同事在做自己的时候感到安全。)”可知，真诚的员工在工作中会认识到自己和他人的利益，这会让他们的同事感到安全。因此判断“Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.”中的“feel safe”是错误的，应该是真诚的员工让同事感到安全。故答案为Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
Authentic workers make their workmates feel safe。
4．开放题。要求考生谈谈真实性还能给我们带来什么好处，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为When we are authentic, we become more trustworthy, empathetic, and better able to connect with others. Additionally, authenticity can increase our overall well-being, as living in alignment with our true selves can lead to a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfillment in life。
八
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In today’s modern era, technology is expanding rapidly and it is being used by mankind for their benefit. The major benefit that developing technology has provided is allowing individuals to work from home.
Organizations can save a huge amount of capital by making employees work from home. Moreover, this reduces other expenses associated with the workspace and accommodates an increased number of employees at the
same time. As stated above, employers have the benefits of reducing the expenses associated with the workplace, borrowing land for the workplace. Since, nowadays, expenses of buildings and owning lands are very high, this could save the organizations a large sum of money.
To quote an example, India observes an extremely low rate in the companies that used to provide remote work prior to the pandemic hitting the global nations. Post the pandemic, several companies understood the importance of working from home and the associated benefits of working remotely. Thus, most of organizations have started promoting remote work due to which they have saved a huge amount of money and increased their turnover and productivity approaches.
The second major benefit associated with remote work is the lack of the necessity to travel, which reduces the chances of being stuck in traffic. This has increased productivity and efficiency at work and saved a potential amount of time for them that they could invest in other productive activities.
To summarize, it cannot be denied that developing technologies have a number of benefits to society as it has allowed individuals to manage their time effectively. Moreover, it also helps with social life balance.
1．According to this passage, what makes individuals able to work from home
2．In the sentence “…this could save the organizations a large sum of money” in paragraph 2, what does “this” mean
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Working from home can do many benefits, because it reduces employers’ capital as well as individuals’ working time.
4．What do you think are disadvantages of working from home (In about 40 words)
1．Technology 2．Making employees work from home. 3．Working from home can do many benefits, because it reduces employers’ capital as well as individuals’ working time. Because working from home increases productivity and efficiency at work. 4．If the sense of responsibility is not strong, it will lead to low work efficiency. In addition, flexible time arrangement will also lead to unlimited extension of working hours.
【导语】本文是说明文。文章分析了在家工作的优点。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“The major benefit that developing technology has provided is allowing individuals to work from home.( 技术发展带来的主要好处是允许个人在家工作。)”可知，技术使得个人能够在家里工作，故填Technology。
2．考查词义猜测。根据第二段的“Organizations can save a huge amount of capital by making employees work from home. Moreover, this reduces other expenses associated with the workspace and accommodates an increased number of employees at the same time…Since, nowadays, expenses of buildings and owning lands are very high, this could save the organizations a large sum of money.( 企业可以通过让员工在家工作来节省大量资金。此外，这减少了与工作空间相关的其他费用，并同时容纳了更多的员工。……因为，现在，建筑和拥有土地的费用非常高，这可以为组织节省一大笔钱。)”可知，this指代上文提到的让员工在家工作，故填Making employees work from home.
3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段的“Thus, most of organizations have started promoting remote work due to which they have saved a huge amount of money and increased their turnover and productivity approaches.( 因此，大多数组织已经开始推广远程工作，因为他们节省了大量的资金，并增加了他们的营业额和生产力方法。)”和倒数第二段的“The second major benefit associated with remote work is the lack of the necessity to travel, which reduces the chances of being stuck in traffic. This has increased productivity and efficiency at work and saved a potential amount of time for them that they could invest in other productive activities.( 远程工作的第二个主要好处是不需要出差，这减少了被困在交通中的机会。这提高了工作生产力和效率，并为他们节省了大量的时间，他们可以投资于其他生产活动。)”可知，在家工作有许多好处，因为它减少了雇主的资本并降低了雇工的工作时间，不是雇主的时间，因为在家工作提高了生产力和效率，故填Working from home can do many benefits, because it reduces employers’ capital as well as individuals’ working time. Because working from home increases productivity and efficiency at work.
4．开放式试题。答案合理即可。例如我认为如果责任意识不强，会导致工作效率低。此外，灵活的时间安排也会导致工作时间无限延长。故填If the sense of responsibility is not strong, it will lead to low work efficiency. In addition, flexible time arrangement will also lead to unlimited extension of working hours.
九
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
One of the basic expectations the public have of doctors is honesty. But what would you think if I told you that research has shown that 70 percent of doctors admitted to lying to their patients It is inexcusable, surely Extremely unprofessional and uncaring; a clear break of the doctor-patient relationship. Some of the lies told
included reassuring patients that their wives or husbands were still alive, when in fact they were dead. This seems unimaginable but, if I am honest, I have told exactly the same lie to several patients whose spouses had died. Mrs. Walton was in her eighties and desperate to see her husband. She’d been in hospital after a fall and was in pain. She called out for him frequently and couldn’t understand why he wasn’t there to comfort her. She was becoming more and more distressed and would try to get up to find him, despite being at risk of falling again.
“He’s on his way, don’t worry,” the nurses would say and this would calm her down. I confess I said the same thing to her. She’d smile and roll her eyes and say how he was always late for things and tell the same story about him being late for their wedding nearly 60 years ago. But he wasn’t on his way. It was a lie. He’d died two years ago. The truth, if I can use that word, is that it is a kindness to lie sometimes.
Part of the natural history of many of the dementias, in particular Alzheimer’s disease which is what Mrs. Walton had, is that the sufferer loses their short-term memory and the memory of recent events, but retains memories from the distant past. Sufferers are trapped forever in a bewildering past that many realise bares little connection to the present, but are at a loss to explain. It is very distressing and tormenting and many of the behavioural difficulties that I have encountered in those with dementia relate to them feeling upset, scared and confused that they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people, even when they are in their own homes surrounded by their family, because they have returned back to decades ago.
They look at their adult children confused and wonder who they could be because they think their children are still toddlers. How does one deal with this I have had countless families break down in tears in outpatient clinics or on wards, not knowing what to say or how to react as their loved one moves further and further away from them back into their distant past and they are left behind in the present. And how, as the doctor or nurse caring for these patients, does one manage the anger and outbursts of distress that comes with having no knowledge of your life for the past 10 or 20 years The lies that doctors, nurses, carers and families tell these patients are not big, elaborate lies — they are brief reassurances intended to calm and allow the subject to be swiftly changed.
Colluding (串通) with them about this false reality they find themselves flung into is not heartless or unprofessional — it is, when done in the right way, kind and tender-hearted. That’s not to say that lying to patients with dementia unnecessarily is right or defensible or that there are not times when of course they have the right to know the truth. But what compassionate person would put another human being through the unimaginable pain of learning, for the first time again and again, repeatedly throughout the day, that their beloved one has died. It would be an unthinkable cruelness.
Sometimes, surely, honesty is simply not the best policy.
1．Write a title for this article.
2．Why do people with dementia feel upset, scared, and confused even when they are in their own homes surrounded by their family
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The public expect doctors to be honest with their patients and the author also believes that it is heartless and unprofessional to lie to patients.
4．The author says sometimes, surely, honesty is simply not the best policy. Do you agree or disagree Why (In about 40 words)
1．White lies don’t hurt 2．Because people with dementia have returned back to decades ago, they think they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people. 3．The public expect doctors to be honest with their patients and the author also believes that it is heartless and unprofessional to lie to patients.
Because lying to patients is kind and tender-hearted when done in the right way, not heartless or unprofessional. 4．Yes, I couldn’t agree more. Because sometimes being honest pays a price, the truth of which will hurt someone who can’t accept the reality.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过医生和护士对患有老年痴呆症的沃尔顿太太说谎的事例得出医生和护士喜欢说谎的原因。
1．考查主旨大意。由第一段中的“Some of the lies told included reassuring patients that their wives or husbands were still alive, when in fact they were dead. (一些谎言包括让患者放心，说他们的妻子或丈夫还活着，而事实上他们已经死了)”，第二段中的“The truth, if I can use that word, is that it is a kindness to lie sometimes. (事实上，如果我能用这个词的话，那就是有时候撒谎是一种善意)”和倒数第二段中的“The lies that doctors, nurses, carers and families tell these patients are not big, elaborate lies—they are brief reassurances intended to calm and allow the subject to be swiftly changed. (医生、护士、护理人员和家属对这些患者说的谎话并不是什么大谎话，它们只是简单的保证，旨在让患者平静下来，并让话题迅速改变)”可知，有时候说谎并不是为了欺骗，而是为
了改变话题，让患者平静下来、放心，因此，从这篇文章，我们能学到“善意的谎言无伤大雅”。故答案为：White lies don’t hurt
2．考查细节理解。由第三段中的“It is very distressing and tormenting and many of the behavioural difficulties that I have encountered in those with dementia relate to them feeling upset, scared and confused that they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people, even when they are in their own homes surrounded by their family, because they have returned back to decades ago. (这是非常痛苦和折磨的，我在痴呆症患者中遇到的许多行为困难都与他们感到不安、害怕和困惑有关，因为他们在一个陌生的地方，被陌生的人包围，甚至当他们在自己的家里，被家人包围时，因为他们回到了几十年前)”可知，痴呆症患者即使在自己的家里被家人包围，也会感到不安、害怕和困惑，是因为痴呆症患者回到了几十年前，他们认为自己身处一个陌生的地方，周围都是陌生的人。故答案为：Because people with dementia have returned back to decades ago, they think they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people.
3．考查细节理解。由最后一段中的“Colluding (串通) with them about this false reality they find themselves flung into is not heartless or unprofessional — it is, when done in the right way, kind and tender-hearted. (就他们陷入的虚假现实与他们串通（即说谎）并不是无情的或不专业的——当以正确的方式进行时，它是善良和温柔的)”可知，当以正确的方式对患者撒谎时，它是善良和温柔的，而不是无情或不专业的，“heartless and unprofessional”错误。故答案为：The public expect doctors to be honest with their patients and the author also believes that it is heartless and unprofessional to lie to patients.
Because lying to patients is kind and tender-hearted when done in the right way, not heartless or unprofessional.
4．开放题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。考生结合自身实际发表见解并说明原因。例如，考生同意“诚实并不是最好的政策”此观点，因为有时候诚实是要付出代价的，真相会伤害那些不能接受现实的人。故参考答案为：Yes, I couldn’t agree more. Because sometimes being honest pays a price, the truth of which will hurt someone who can’t accept the reality.
十
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
“I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.” And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase.
Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves.
He felt they were a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful and actionable hesitations. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I don’t want to, because...”.
Academic experiences can follow the same pattern. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol in front of an audience can be crippling, Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try instead of better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because sometimes it’s easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted that I want to cry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.”
As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving. “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course, you can.”
But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t. So why try The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is staggering. I can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and- reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.”
1．What were people supposed to do if they said “I can’t” in my childhood gymnastics
2．What does “I can’t” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
4．Describe one of your experiences of dealing with “I can’t”. (In about 40 words)
1．50 push-ups 2．“I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” 3．There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”. 4．I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem, helping me to understand it better.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。有时候，当人们说“我不能”时，他们并不是说他们没有能力做某事，而是他们害怕、困惑或不知道如何做。作者提醒人们，说“我不能”比承认自己需要帮助、害怕或沮丧要容易得多。说“我不能”的时候，其实我们想说的是别的，所以我们应该试着使用更有帮助的词语，这样我们才能得到我们需要的帮助。
1．考查细节理解。根据第段二中“Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again.(任何使用它的人，即使是其他教练，在尝试再次交谈之前都必须做50个俯卧撑)”可知，在我小时候的体操训练中，如果有人说“我不能”，他会被罚做50个俯卧撑。故答案为50 push-ups。
2．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”(对我来说，“我不能”实际上意味着“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”)”可知，我在体育课上说“我不能”的意思是：“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”故答案为“I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”
3．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t.(但是，让我们求助于“我不能”比隐藏我们更深层次的感受会造成更大的伤害。最终，我们和我们周围的人开始相信这一点。我知道有些事情我已经不再尝试了，因为，嗯，我就是不能。)”可知，作者停止尝试是因为自己相信“我不能”，而不是真正“没有能力去做”。所以句中“the fact that
I am not able to do that.”表述错误。故答案为There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that. According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”.
4．开放性问题。言之有理，注意词数限制即可。故答案为I remember struggling wit押北京卷第40-43题
阅读表达
2021-2023年北京卷阅读表达考情统计
年份 体裁 类别 主题
2023年 说明文 人与社会 主要介绍了了解习惯是如何养成的有助于改掉坏习惯
2022年 记叙文 人与自我 汤姆利用自己的智慧成功解决了人们喝太多含糖饮料的问题
2021年 说明文 人与自我 如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除
阅读表达属于主观题，它既考查考生对语篇的理解能力，又考查考生的英语书面表达能力，考查的主要目的是理解、归纳、该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。不但选材新颖、时代性强，而且体裁多样、结构严谨、层次分明，其开放性试题的设置也给予考生一个充分的发散思维的空间和表达空间。试题以记叙文或者夹叙夹议为主，难度系数较低，适中。
题型特点：
1. 阅读表达题则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解，还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理解只是不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。
2. 阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。
3. 在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题(个人观点描述)、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。
命题规律：3:1:1（3道找出处，1道猜词义，1道开放性）
(2023北京)　
　　Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward—the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.
Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
1. How are habits built
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2. In what way is a routine different from a habit
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits (In about 40 words)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
细节表达题：
题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。设问形式此类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容，常用what, why, how等特殊疑问词进行提问。
①问题形式：Why .. 回答形式：Because＋句子（表示原因）; Because of ＋名词性短语（表示原因）; To +动词原形（表示目的）; In order to +动词原形（表示目的）。
②问题形式：What ... 回答形式：完整的句子；名词（短语）；动名词（短语）
③问题形式：列举性问题。回答形式：名词（短语）；动名词（短语）。
④问题形式：How ... （询问方式）。回答形式：By ( doing )..；完整的句子。
解题技巧：
解该类题时，首先要仔细审题，然后根据题干中出现的关键词快速、准确地在文章中定位相应的语句，结合该语句（或其上下句）的内容，用正确的格式进行回答，答案内容往往是固定的、唯一的。
主旨表达题：
1. 题目要求：①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；②给文章拟一个恰当的标题。
2. 设问形式：① What’s the main idea of the passage / Paragraph ... ② What’s the passage mainly about
③ What’s the best title for the passage
常用的回答形式有：
①名词短语／动名词短语；
②名词＋后置定语；名词＋定语从句；名词＋同位语从句；
③名词性从句或“疑问词＋不定式”: What .../ Why ... How .../ How to...
解题技巧：
考生在回答该类问题时，要善于归纳文章、语段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主题段、主题句、关键词和核心词。
推断表达题
设问形式：① What’s the purpose of the text ② For what purpose does the author mention ... in Paragraph ...
③ What does the author really mean by saying ... ④ What kind of attitude does the author have towards ...
⑤ What does ... imply ⑥ What can we learn from the text
解题技巧：
①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的线索。
②要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能断章取义，以偏概全。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。
④不能主观臆想，也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点
⑤了解语篇结构，重视文章的主旨，体会文章基调，所写答案的内容一定要立足于语篇内容和主旨。
⑥把握句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，把握逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音，揣摩出作者的态度。
⑦回答要紧扣题目，语言既要完整，又要简洁，不要超过规定词数。
猜词表达题
设问形式：① What’s the meaning of the underlined word / phrase / part in the ... paragraph ② What does the underlined part in the ... paragraph mean
常用的回答形式有：
① To show / inform us that ...,
② To give us useful tips / advice / suggestions on how to ...;
③ To encourage / persuade us to ...
④ 相近含义、相同词性的单词；完整、直白、简短的句子。
解题技巧：
结合文章主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测，借助画线词后面破折号所给出的解释、同位语、定语从句等来确定词义，构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号、冒号、破折号和小括号等连接；定语从句在文中起着解释和说明的作用。还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词法及语篇文脉关系等理解猜测其含义有些题目需要对较大的上下文范围进行理解，甚至通过理解整个语篇,来进行猜测判断。
开放题
开放性问题(个人观点描述)，答案往往是不唯一。但回答问题时用词尽量简练，不能出现拼写和语法错误。
一
(2024届北京门市头沟区高三一模)
The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons and become popular around the world. However, each new pair you buy has a much higher cost than you might think.
Every pair of jeans takes about 0.7 kilograms of cotton. Growing this much cotton requires roughly 10,000
liters of water, not to mention various herbicides and pesticides, which can pollute groundwater. Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. In order to dye the cloth, chemical sprays and several cycles of acid-washing are adopted, discharging toxic pollutants into rivers and even turn them into indigo-blue. Also, there are the zippers, buttons, and rivets made of copper and other metals, whose mining is yet another source of environmental degradation. All in all, the manufacturing (制造) process for a single pair of jeans emits over 33 kilograms of carbon — the equivalent of driving over 110 kilometers.
Like many globally produced products, jeans are made in poor countries and bought in rich ones. Much of the world’s cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor practices and few protections for workers. Cotton here is often picked by children or forced labor. And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. Because of the fast-paced and rough manufacturing with unnatural materials, today, most pairs last no longer than a year. Like most waste, discarded jeans end up in landfills, where their decomposition releases greenhouse gas. Some governments are pursuing policies to make companies more responsible for worker pay and welfare, but unsustainable practices still run crazy throughout the fashion industry.
40. Who may be the first consumers of jeans
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why are plastic fibers used when pairs of jeans are made
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
43. What suggestions would you give to reduce the damage caused by jeans (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
二
(2024届北京市东城区等5区高三下学期一模)
In order to fit in and make friends in a new school, Amanda observed how her classmates behaved and interacted with each other. Gradually, she perfectly adopted the mannerisms of the classmates around her, laughing at their jokes, nodding in agreement with their opinions, hiding herself into someone she thought others wanted her to be. We’ve all done these. This is social masking, the process of holding back or hiding our natural way of interacting with others so we can feel accepted.
In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves, you might wonder why many of us rely on social masking. “Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,” says psychologist Dipti Tait. “It’s a tribal (群体的) thing of being together rather than being on our own. We all have certain masks to protect ourselves from exposure and difference.” While masking can help us deal with social situations, it can also come with negative consequences. Hiding our behaviours and interests constantly can lead to a strong feeling of separation, disconnection, and internal conflict. As a result, we may experience a heightened and increased possibility of developing depression as westruggle to understand social situations and signs that others take for granted.
Fortunately, a mask is not our own skin. We may feel extremely tired after social engagements and want to spend time alone in order to feel like ourselves. “The goal is to feel safe enough to remove the mask,” says Tait. “It’s crucial for individuals to receive acceptance and support for who they are, rather than feeling like they need to hide their true selves in order to fit in.”
40. What is social masking
_____________________________________________________________
41. Why do many of us rely on social masking
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When people struggle to understand social situations that others consider normal, they will feel less depressed.
_____________________________________________________________
43. In addition to masking, what else can you do to fit in when you are in a new environment (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________________
三
(2024届北京市西城区高三下学期一模)
In a fast-paced world, where stress and mental tiredness seem commonplace, we’re constantly looking for new ways to unwind. People may carry out a variety of activities to help them relax. But what about the birdsongs or other nature sounds Could they also help people to let go of the tensions of modern life
According to a study by King’s College London in 2022, seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people. Taking a trip to places rich in birdlife like parks, forests and canals and encountering birds singing to each other in the trees could even help to treat some mental health conditions. And it’s not just birds that could have a curative effect on our moods. Another study conducted by the National Trust compared the
effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation (冥想) apps. The study found listening to birdsong as well as other woodland sounds like leaves crunching underfoot or the gentle flow of a stream boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than the apps do. Other sounds which may help to cool people down are waves lapping on the shore, gentle wind, and light rainfall.
However, not all of us live in rural surroundings, and depending on where we live, a trip to the countryside to see birds may not be an option. But could the nature sounds that originate there still help you According to research by California Polytechnic State University, even a recording of the sounds of birds had a profound effect on people’s mood, while other studies saw people listening to soundscapes of the coast and forests with similar outcomes to their wellbeing.
So, wherever you live, you can access the wonderful sounds of birds and nature during a stroll through a wood or via some headphones. And maybe listening to the chirps, trills, warbles and whistles of some birds could help you to relax after a long, hard day.
40. What did the study by King’s College London in 2022 find
_____________________________________________________________________________________
41. How did the National Trust conduct the study
_____________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to the passage, birds singing, voiced meditation apps and the recording of the sounds of nature have the same effect on people’s mood.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
43. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what do you usually do to help you relax in your daily life (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
四
阅读下面短文，根据题后要求回答问题。
Fashion’s Melt Down
Throwaway culture is trashing the planet—but one young chemical engineer has her own way to turn it over.
Fast fashion has changed the way we dress. We buy more clothes, more often–but we wear them less. Alina Bassi, founder of Kleiderly, wants to give our clothing waste another chance at a useful life.
Bassi has always cared about the threat of climate change, but she actually started her career in the oil industry. After a few years, she landed at bio-bean, a startup that turned waste coffee grounds into products that could be burnt for heat and fuel. After a year, Bassi was keen to branch out—used coffee grounds are not the biggest threat facing the planet. Instead, she poured her efforts into tackling a much bigger global polluter: the fashion industry.
According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is set to double by 2050. But they don’t last long enough to offset(抵消) the carbon cost of producing the material, creating the clothes, and then shipping them to customers. “It makes no sense that we have such a high carbon footprint for something so short-lived.” Bassi says.
Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi has developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture.
Fashion companies have some other ways to reduce fashion waste, from creating clothes designed to last, to recycling the fabric to make more clothing. But “a problem this big needs multiple solutions,” Bassi says. “We think about the multiple lives of a product and how we can keep reusing it instead of letting it fall into landfills or incinerators (焚化炉),” she says.
1．Why did Bassi switch her focus to the fashion industry
2．How did she tackle the problems caused by the fashion industry
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
● Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing.
4．Please briefly present your own solution(s) to the throwaway problem in daily life. (about 40 words)
五
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
They say to find out what you really want, go back to when you were a child.
When I was a kid, I really wanted to be a painter, but I was never great at it. I was discouraged, because in art classes my paintings were never the most beautiful. In the third grade, we were given a project to create a portrait. I used the skills and tips we were all taught in class. After we were done, we presented our portraits. We stood in front of the class and explained our technique. I remember looking at other portraits thinking,“We were given the same skills, why do theirs look so professional and mine looks so amateur ”
But I still really enjoyed painting because it’s a forgiving art. If I don’t like what I’ve put on paper, I can paint over it. I can mix colors and make new ones. Also, I can release some creative juices, use what has inspired me and allow that to pour out of me in a way I may not have imagined.
But because I have always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, I just decided to change what beauty looked like. I changed what beauty meant to me.
Throughout school, they taught us about Picasso, van Gogh and da Vinci, and I never saw myself or my art in their works. These artists were always painting whatever was in front of them and around them. But that’s not what I saw around me.
Then I learned about Basquiat, who inspired me to paint abstract pictures. I paint when I’m moved, and I am often moved by what’s natural:emotions, nature, and other forms of art. I am also very moved by pain. When there is pain in the world or in my heart, it can be unbearable. I had a conversation with an activist in St.Louis named Spook, and I explained to her this feeling and she told me,“Pain is energy. You have to learn how to channel that energy into something productive.”So sometimes I channel that pain into art, into a painting.
Even if the picture doesn’t turn out aesthetically (美学地) pleasing by society’s standards, it’s still beautiful that I was able to create something. My paintings may not be a Basquiat, but they’re mine, so I love them anyway.
1．What did the author find after the portrait presentation
2．What factors motivated the author to keep his passion for arts
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The author has always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, so he tried to meet society’s standards.
4．Besides painting,what other art form would you use to express beauty And explain why.(In about 40 words)
六
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Brain, 58, was treated in intensive care for a severe case. As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
“Every day I would input my vital signs on the app,” Brain said. “If anything went wrong or wasn’t right, a nurse would call me straight away.”
Brain spent six weeks on this “virtual ward (病房)”, run by his local NHS hospital in partnership with Doccla, a healthcare technology company. He is one of thousands of patients to have been treated in new “hospitals at home”, seen by NHS leaders as a “lifeline” for overwhelmed hospitals that have run out of beds. 2,500 virtual ward beds were already in use, ensuring that people could “get the care they need from their own homes”.
Retz, founder of Docile, said soon there could be “regional command centers”, where a doctor or nurse monitored data from hundreds of patients displayed on a dashboard. “It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor,” he said.
Noel O’Kelly, clinical director at Spirit Health, said, “Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to the health of older patients. We have already seen very encouraging results from the use of virtual wards for older patients.”
Virtual wards allow real potential to support people to recover well in the community. The model is not a silver bullet and health leaders are mindful that it should not worsen health inequalities, but it could present a vital lifeline for the system.
1．How was Brain treated after his condition stabilized
2．What do “regional command centers” and traditional ward rounds have in common
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited.
4．Besides what’s mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think virtual hospitals may have (In about 40 words)
七
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
With society’s high pressures to achieve, it’s understandable that individuals prefer to hide their weak points—but doing so comes at a cost.
I learned that lesson when I participated in a hiking expedition. As a new hiker, I struggled. The trip was difficult to me even without needing to carry my heavy camping packs. I was slowed down, yet I refused to tell my teammates in hopes that I would seem perseverant. To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief.
For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times. Yet, the advantage of authenticity is evident, driving its recent popularity among thought leaders. Authenticity even improved my hiking experience—the moment my group admitted to our shortcomings was when we started working better as a team. So, can being ourselves not only help us work better, but help those who workaround us
The truth is, it can.
Researchers have found that not only did authentic workers have higher work engagement and lower work tiredness, but their teammates had the same results, regardless of whether they were genuine themselves. The results suggest that the benefits of authenticity go beyond the individual, and spread to teammates as well. So, we can improve our teammates’ work behavior by merely being ourselves.
Why does authenticity boost our teammates This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work. By focusing lesson appearing hard-working in hopes to get ahead—and more on trying to be better all-around individuals—authentic teammates can make a great impact on their work environment.
1．How did the author feel when one team member asked for a rest during the hiking
2．Why is it hard for people to display their true selves
3．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Authentic workers feel safe by being then selves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
4．Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think authenticity can bring to us (In about 40 words)
八
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In today’s modern era, technology is expanding rapidly and it is being used by mankind for their benefit. The major benefit that developing technology has provided is allowing individuals to work from home.
Organizations can save a huge amount of capital by making employees work from home. Moreover, this reduces other expenses associated with the workspace and accommodates an increased number of employees at the same time. As stated above, employers have the benefits of reducing the expenses associated with the workplace, borrowing land for the workplace. Since, nowadays, expenses of buildings and owning lands are very high, this could save the organizations a large sum of money.
To quote an example, India observes an extremely low rate in the companies that used to provide remote work prior to the pandemic hitting the global nations. Post the pandemic, several companies understood the importance of working from home and the associated benefits of working remotely. Thus, most of organizations have started promoting remote work due to which they have saved a huge amount of money and increased their turnover and productivity approaches.
The second major benefit associated with remote work is the lack of the necessity to travel, which reduces the chances of being stuck in traffic. This has increased productivity and efficiency at work and saved a potential amount of time for them that they could invest in other productive activities.
To summarize, it cannot be denied that developing technologies have a number of benefits to society as it has allowed individuals to manage their time effectively. Moreover, it also helps with social life balance.
1．According to this passage, what makes individuals able to work from home
2．In the sentence “…this could save the organizations a large sum of money” in paragraph 2, what does “this” mean
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Working from home can do many benefits, because it reduces employers’ capital as well as individuals’ working time.
4．What do you think are disadvantages of working from home (In about 40 words)
九
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
One of the basic expectations the public have of doctors is honesty. But what would you think if I told you that research has shown that 70 percent of doctors admitted to lying to their patients It is inexcusable, surely Extremely unprofessional and uncaring; a clear break of the doctor-patient relationship. Some of the lies told included reassuring patients that their wives or husbands were still alive, when in fact they were dead. This seems unimaginable but, if I am honest, I have told exactly the same lie to several patients whose spouses had died. Mrs. Walton was in her eighties and desperate to see her husband. She’d been in hospital after a fall and was in pain. She called out for him frequently and couldn’t understand why he wasn’t there to comfort her. She was becoming more and more distressed and would try to get up to find him, despite being at risk of falling again.
“He’s on his way, don’t worry,” the nurses would say and this would calm her down. I confess I said the same thing to her. She’d smile and roll her eyes and say how he was always late for things and tell the same story about him being late for their wedding nearly 60 years ago. But he wasn’t on his way. It was a lie. He’d died two years ago. The truth, if I can use that word, is that it is a kindness to lie sometimes.
Part of the natural history of many of the dementias, in particular Alzheimer’s disease which is what Mrs. Walton had, is that the sufferer loses their short-term memory and the memory of recent events, but retains memories from the distant past. Sufferers are trapped forever in a bewildering past that many realise bares little connection to the present, but are at a loss to explain. It is very distressing and tormenting and many of the behavioural difficulties that I have encountered in those with dementia relate to them feeling upset, scared and confused that they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people, even when they are in their own homes
surrounded by their family, because they have returned back to decades ago.
They look at their adult children confused and wonder who they could be because they think their children are still toddlers. How does one deal with this I have had countless families break down in tears in outpatient clinics or on wards, not knowing what to say or how to react as their loved one moves further and further away from them back into their distant past and they are left behind in the present. And how, as the doctor or nurse caring for these patients, does one manage the anger and outbursts of distress that comes with having no knowledge of your life for the past 10 or 20 years The lies that doctors, nurses, carers and families tell these patients are not big, elaborate lies — they are brief reassurances intended to calm and allow the subject to be swiftly changed.
Colluding (串通) with them about this false reality they find themselves flung into is not heartless or unprofessional — it is, when done in the right way, kind and tender-hearted. That’s not to say that lying to patients with dementia unnecessarily is right or defensible or that there are not times when of course they have the right to know the truth. But what compassionate person would put another human being through the unimaginable pain of learning, for the first time again and again, repeatedly throughout the day, that their beloved one has died. It would be an unthinkable cruelness.
Sometimes, surely, honesty is simply not the best policy.
1．Write a title for this article.
2．Why do people with dementia feel upset, scared, and confused even when they are in their own homes surrounded by their family
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The public expect doctors to be honest with their patients and the author also believes that it is heartless and unprofessional to lie to patients.
4．The author says sometimes, surely, honesty is simply not the best policy. Do you agree or disagree Why (In about 40 words)
十
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
“I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.” And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase.
Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves. He felt they were a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful and actionable hesitations. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I don’t want to, because...”.
Academic experiences can follow the same pattern. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol in front of an audience can be crippling, Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try instead of better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because sometimes it’s easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted that I want to cry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.”
As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving. “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course, you can.”
But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t. So why try The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is staggering. I can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and- reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.”
1．What were people supposed to do if they said “I can’t” in my childhood gymnastics
2．What does “I can’t” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
4．Describe one of your experiences of dealing with “I can’t”. (In about 40 words)
十一
阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process — taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one’s personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the choices available and then making the decision.
Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are not the same thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”
The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I won’t get vaccinated” or “I won’t pay my bills”). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine.
Though artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.
1．What’s Sir Andrew’s definition of judgement
2．Why aren’t expert knowledge and making judgments the same thing
3．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.
4．Do you agree that humans “retain an edge over machines” in terms of making judgements Why or why not (In about 40 words)
十二
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
There are many historical sites and places in the world that give us insight and evidence of the past civilization. These sites help us learn about our ancestors, their living and culture. These sites can be called common or universal heritage (遗产) of humankind and our world heritage.
These sites from the past civilizations are for all humans. We must live in them today and also pass them on to future generations. They teach us about our past and represent the great achievements of our ancestors and make us proud. World heritage has historical, cultural and economic significance. It has exceptional value and importance for humankind from history, science and arts points of view and must be cared for.
Many UNESCO sites that stand today are under threat. There is a list of thirty sites by UNESCO that are endangered. There are many external factors responsible for damaging the world heritage, some of which are climate change, natural disasters, urbanization and unchecked tourism etc.
With the growing strength of these external factors, it is becoming more and more important to take proper measures to save and preserve these timeless achievements of humankind. There are many communities and organizations in the world which are working to protect these sites. We can work with these organizations, travel agencies, government groups and local communities. We should join them to support their cause. Another way to play our part is to shoulder travel responsibility Tourism can generate funds for the restoration of historical sites but at the same time unchecked tourism can damage them seriously.
The younger generation must preserve the identity of the people who came before them. No matter what is our reach, we should help protect them through effective means. Our every step would count and help in protecting the world heritage sites.
1．Why can many historical sites be called world heritage
2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly talking about
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tourism can bring economic benefits which are used to restore the historical sites, so we should remove the limitations on tourism.
4．What can we do to shoulder our responsibilities to protect world heritage sites (In about 40 words)

展开更多......

收起↑