资源简介

Unit 3 Environmental Protection
Section B Learning about Language
Teaching plan
Subject：English Title：Section B Learning about Language Period：1 class
Teaching objectives and core literacy：
Language ability：To master the grammar rules of direct speech changing into indirect speech.
Learning ability：Can use direct speech to change indirect speech skillfully.
Cultural awareness：Cultivate students' interest in learning grammar.
Thinking quality：Promote students’ interest in learning English and use it into practice.
Teaching key points and difficulties
Teaching key points：Can use direct speech to change indirect speech skillfully
Teaching difficulties：Cultivate students' interest in learning grammar
Teaching media：Multimedia, Blackboard, chalk
Teaching process：
一、Pre-class
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
Student activities: students work in pairs and browse the task requirements and form for activity 1. The teacher leads the students to sum up the differences between direct speech and indirect speech by asking questions.
What are different between the two sentences？Please circle them.
How does the punctuation change in each sentence？
How does the tense change in each sentence？
Why should we change the verbs sometimes？
In what situations should we use the indirect speech？
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1 The expert said, "From the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died." The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
2 The reporter asked, "Will polar bears die out because of climate change " The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.
3 The reporter asked, "How can we save polar bears from extinction " The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.
4 "Let's work together to stop climate change," the expert said. The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change
Objectives:
While-class
Teacher's activities: to supplement the student's summary.
直接引语与间接引语
直接引语如果改为间接引语，须在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。
1．连接词的选择
(1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。
The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.”小男孩说：“我在玩我的玩具，这时有人敲门。”(直接引语为陈述句)
→The little boy said(that)he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.小男孩说，他在玩他的玩具，那时有人敲门。(间接引语为that引导的宾语从句)
(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或...or not)或if引导。
Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”妈妈对她的女儿说：“你对你的新房间满意吗？”(直接引语为一般疑问句)
→Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.妈妈问她女儿是否对她的新房间满意。(间接引语改为whether/if引导的宾语从句)
(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“When will the sports meet be held？”he said.他说：“什么时候举行运动会？”(直接引语为特殊疑问句)
→He asked when the sports meet would be held.他问什么时候举行运动会。(间接引语改为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句)
【注意】
(1)直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为told sb.。
(2)直接引语是疑问句时，如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。
(3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
[即学即练1]　将直接引语变换为间接引语
①The patient asked，“Is Dr.Li at the hospital？”
→The patient asked whether/if Dr.Li was at the hospital.
②“Who lost the key to the room？”asked Miss Green.
→Miss Green asked who had lost the key to the room.
2．人称的变化
(记忆口诀)一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。
(1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”
玛丽说，“我想拥有一台我自己的电脑。”
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说她想拥有一台自己的电脑。
(2)“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事对她说，“你向谁请了假？”
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。
(3)“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
The workers said，“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.”
工人们说：“领导经常让工人们加班。”
→The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.
工人们说领导经常让工人们加班。
[即学即练2]　将直接引语变换为间接引语
①John said，“Tomorrow I'm going to attend this party.”
→John said (that) the next day he was going to attend this party.
②She said，“I worked in Shanghai three years ago.”
→She said (that) she had worked in Shanghai three years before.
3．时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时句子时态变化如下表：
直接引语 间接引语
句 子 时 态 一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
一般将来时 过去将来时
His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时)
→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时)
The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.”
组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时)
→The organizer said that they had begun their plan.
组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时)
Attention
直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化的情况：
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时；
(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变；
(3)主句的谓语时态为现在进行时态。
[即学即练3]　将直接引语变换为间接引语
①My mother said，“The door isn't locked.”
→My mother said that the door wasn't locked．
②The patient said，“The doctors have discussed the mysterious disease.”
→The patient said (that) the doctors had discussed the mysterious disease.
③Tom said，“I am reading in my room.”
→Tom said that he was reading in his room.
4．指示词、状语及动词的变化
指示 代词 this that
these those
时间 状语 now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next(following)day
last month(week) the month(week)before
next month(week) the next month(week)
the day before yesterday two days before
地点 状语 here there
动词 come go
bring take
5. When imperative sentences are used as direct speech to express demands and commands, variable indirect speech is often used ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.的形式。
“Follow his instructions，”she said to me.
→She told me to follow his instructions.
她告诉我要听他的指令。
6．若直接引语中祈使句是否定形式，变间接引语时，不定式符号to前要加not或never。
She said，“Don't make so much noise，children！”
→She told the children not to make so much noise.
她告诉孩子们不要制造这么多噪音。
7．当直接引语为表示建议、提议的祈使句或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句时，多采用“suggest＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，offer to do和ask/advise/want sb.＋to do”等结构。
Jack said，“Let's go to the cinema tonight.”
→Jack suggested that we should go to the cinema that night.
→Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.
那天晚上杰克建议我们去看电影。
8．如果直接引语部分是感叹句，改为间接引语时，引导词可以用该感叹句的感叹词(即what或how)引导，也可以用that引导。
She said，“What a lovely day it is！”
→She said what a lovely day it was.
她说天气不错。
9．若直接引语中的一般疑问句是由表示委婉语气的would，could等构成的疑问句，转换为间接引语时句子的谓语动词常用asked。
“Can you lend me two yuan？”he asked me.
→He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.
他问我是否能借给他两元钱。
Students' activities: (1) read the table content in activity 3 and the sentences in EXAMPLE, and paraphrase the four sentences in the table. (2) students in groups of four will investigate each other's actual actions in environmental protection, record their suggestions for improving the environment, and design a similar form based on the example of activity 3, organize and summarize information about each person. The teacher can extend the topic based on the content of the main reading text and ask the students to answer the questions using this grammar project:“What can we do to help？”。In addition, the teacher can let the student review the thought map which in the reading class completes, in order to help the student expand the idea. Each person then relayed the information based on another member of the group. The group members correct each other's mistakes in the process of taking turns.
三、After-class
The students were divided into groups of three, and an interview parody was organized in which one played a television The newscaster, one was an elderly person with poor hearing, and the third was the grandchild or granddaughter of the elderly person. First, the TV The newscaster gives a news report about a natural disaster somewhere. The old man then asked his grandson or granddaughter about the news:“What did he/she say？”。The grandson or granddaughter then relays the The newscaster:“The news reporter said that…。After the completion, three people can exchange roles to play many times.
四、Summary
Summary of lessons learned.
五、Assignment: review the course grammar.

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