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高考英语核心词汇复习拓展 Part thirteen (词根词缀排序)
1. 词根 "spect" (看，观察)
expect (vt.) 预期，期望
拓展词组： expect sb. to do sth. (期望某人做某事), expect sth. of/from sb. (对某人期望某物), as expected (如预料/期待的那样)
例句：
We expect you to arrive on time. (我们期望你准时到达。)
I expect great things from you. (我对你有很高的期望。)
辨析： expect 和 hope 都表示对未来的期望，但 expect 更加确定，而 hope 更加愿望。
串记例句：
As expected, the exam was very difficult. (正如预料的那样，考试非常难。)
I expected to see you at the party, but you weren't there. (我期望在聚会上见到你，但你不在那里。)
inspect (vt.) 检查，视察
拓展词组： inspect sth. for sth. (检查某物是否有某物), inspect sth. with sth. (用某物检查某物)
例句：
The police inspected the car for damage. (警察检查了汽车是否有损坏。)
The doctor inspected my throat with a light. (医生用灯检查了我的喉咙。)
辨析： inspect 和 examine 都表示检查，但 inspect 更加注重细节，而 examine 更加注重整体。
串记例句：
The building inspector will inspect the house tomorrow. (房屋检查员明天将检查房子。)
We need to inspect the equipment before we use it. (我们需要在使用设备之前检查它。)
respect (vt./n.) 尊重，尊敬
拓展词组： with respect to (关于), in respect of (关于), show respect for (表示尊重)
例句：
I have great respect for my teachers. (我非常尊敬我的老师。)
Please show some respect for your elders. (请尊重你的长辈。)
辨析： respect 和 admire 都表示赞赏，但 respect 更加注重对方的品质，而 admire 更加注重对方的才能。
串记例句：
We should respect the opinions of others, even if we don't agree with them. (我们应该尊重别人的意见，即使我们不同意。)
He earned the respect of his colleagues through his hard work and dedication. (他通过努力工作和奉献精神赢得了同事们的尊重。)
2. 词根 "enter" (进入，内部)
enter (vt.) 进入，加入
拓展词组： enter into (开始，从事), enter for (参加), enter on (开始，着手)
例句：
The students entered the classroom quietly. (学生们安静地走进教室。)
She entered the competition with high hopes. (她满怀希望地参加了比赛。)
辨析： enter 和 come in 都表示进入，但 enter 更加正式，而 come in 更加口语化。
串记例句：
He entered the room and closed the door behind him. (他走进房间，关上了身后的门。)
The company is entering a new market. (该公司正在进入一个新的市场。)
entrance (n.) 入口，进入
拓展词组： at the entrance to (在...的入口处), the entrance fee (入场费)
例句：
The entrance to the building is on the left. (建筑物的入口在左边。)
There is a long line at the entrance to the amusement park. (游乐园的入口处排着长队。)
辨析： entrance 和 entry 都表示入口，但 entrance 通常指建筑物的入口，而 entry 可以指任何入口，包括抽象的入口。
串记例句：
The entrance to the museum is free for children under 12. (12岁以下儿童免费进入博物馆。)
The entry in the dictionary gave the definition of the word. (词典中的条目给出了这个词的定义。)
entry (n.) 入口，条目，进入
拓展词组： make an entry (做记录), a diary entry (日记条目)
例句：
Please sign your name in the entry book. (请在入口登记簿上签名。)
I made an entry in my diary about my trip. (我在日记中写下了关于我旅行的记录。)
辨析： (见 entrance 辨析)
串记例句：
The entry requirements for the university are very high. (这所大学的入学要求很高。)
She made a dramatic entry into the room. (她戏剧性地进入房间。)
3. 词根 "equal" (相等的，平等的)
equal (adj./n./vt.) 相等的，平等的；相等的人/物；(使)等于
拓展词组： equal to (等于，能胜任), be equal with (与...平等), equal sb./sth. in (在...方面与某人/某物相等)
例句：
All men are created equal. (人人生而平等。)
She is equal to the task. (她能胜任这项工作。)
辨析： equal 和 same 都表示相同，但 equal 更加强调数量或程度上的相同，而 same 更加强调种类或本质上的相同。
串记例句：
The two teams are equal in strength. (这两支队伍实力相当。)
He divided the cake into three equal parts. (他把蛋糕分成三等份。)
equality (n.) 平等，相等
拓展词组： gender equality (性别平等), social equality (社会平等)
例句：
We are fighting for equality for all. (我们正在为所有人的平等而奋斗。)
The country has made great strides towards equality in recent years. (这个国家近年来在平等方面取得了长足进步。)
辨析： equality 和 equity 都表示公平，但 equality 强调结果的平等，而 equity 强调过程的公平。
串记例句：
Equality of opportunity is essential for a just society. (机会平等对于一个公正的社会至关重要。)
We need to ensure that everyone has equal access to education and healthcare. (我们需要确保每个人都能平等地获得教育和医疗保健。)
equally (adv.) 同样地，相等地，平等地
拓展词组： equally important (同样重要), be equally good at (同样擅长)
例句：
The two options are equally attractive. (这两个选项都同样有吸引力。)
She is equally comfortable speaking English and French. (她说英语和法语都同样流利。)
辨析： equally 和 alike 都表示同样地，但 equally 更加强调程度上的相同，而 alike 更加强调性质上的相同。
串记例句：
We are all equally responsible for protecting the environment. (我们都有同样的责任保护环境。)
The twins are not only alike in appearance but also equally intelligent. (这对双胞胎不仅外表相似，而且同样聪明。)
4. 词根 "exist" (存在)
exist (vi.) 存在，生存
拓展词组： exist in (存在于), exist on (靠...生存), There exist(s)... (有...)
例句：
Dinosaurs no longer exist. (恐龙不再存在。)
Many different cultures exist in the world. (世界上存在着许多不同的文化。)
辨析： exist 和 live 都表示存在，但 exist 更加强调客观存在，而 live 更加强调有生命的存在。
串记例句：
There exists a strong bond between mother and child. (母子之间存在着一种强烈的纽带。)
We must find a way to coexist peacefully. (我们必须找到一种和平共处的方式。)
existence (n.) 存在，生存，生活
拓展词组： in existence (现存的，存在的), come into existence/being (开始存在)
例句：
The existence of life on other planets is still a mystery. (其他星球上是否存在生命仍然是个谜。)
He lived a simple existence in the countryside. (他在乡下过着简朴的生活。)
辨析： existence 和 life 都表示存在，但 existence 更加抽象，而 life 更加具体。
串记例句：
The company has been in existence for over 100 years. (这家公司已经存在了100多年。)
The discovery of penicillin revolutionized the existence of mankind. (青霉素的发现彻底改变了人类的生存方式。)
existing (adj.) 存在的，现行的
拓展词组： existing conditions (现有条件), existing laws (现行法律)
例句：
We need to adapt to existing circumstances. (我们需要适应现有环境。)
The government is reviewing existing policies. (政府正在审查现行政策。)
辨析： existing 和 present 都表示现有的，但 existing 更加强调已经存在的事物，而 present 更加强调此时此刻存在的事物。
串记例句：
The existing system is no longer efficient. (现有的系统效率低下。)
The present situation is very complex. (目前的形势非常复杂。)
5. 词根 "peri" (周围，附近)
experience (n./vt.) 经验，实践；经历，体验；遭受
拓展词组： experience in/of (在...方面的经验), by/from experience (通过经验，从经验中), in/from one's experience (根据某人的经验看)
例句：
He has a lot of experience in teaching. (他在教学方面有很多经验。)
I learned to ride a bike by experience. (我通过经验学会了骑自行车。)
辨析： experience 和 experiment 都与经验有关，但 experience 指的是积累的经验或经历，而 experiment 指的是为了验证某个假设而进行的试验。
串记例句：
My experience in China was unforgettable. (我在中国的经历令人难忘。)
We conducted an experiment to test the theory. (我们进行了一个实验来验证这个理论。)
experiment (n./vi.) 实验，试验
拓展词组： conduct/carry out an experiment (进行实验), an experiment on/with (关于/用...的实验)
例句：
The experiment was a success. (实验成功了。)
They are experimenting with new teaching methods. (他们正在尝试新的教学方法。)
辨析： (见 experience 辨析)
串记例句：
The scientist is conducting an experiment in the laboratory. (科学家正在实验室里进行实验。)
We learned a lot from the experiment. (我们从实验中学到了很多。)
perimeter (n.) 周长
拓展词组： the perimeter of (…的周长), measure the perimeter (测量周长)
例句：
The perimeter of the square is 20 meters. (正方形的周长是20米。)
She used a tape measure to measure the perimeter of the room. (她用卷尺测量了房间的周长。)
辨析： perimeter 指的是封闭图形的边界长度，而 area 指的是封闭图形内部的面积。
串记例句：
The fence around the garden forms its perimeter. (花园周围的栅栏构成了它的周长。)
The area of the circle is larger than the area of the square, but the perimeter of the square is larger than the perimeter of the circle. (圆的面积大于正方形的面积，但正方形的周长大於圆的周长。)
词根 "vid, vis" (看)
evidence (n.) 证据
拓展词组： evidence of/for sth. (有某事/物的证据), evidence that... (有证据表明...), there is evidence that... (有证据表明...)
例句：
The police found evidence of a break-in. (警察发现了入室盗窃的证据。)
There is no evidence that he committed the crime. (没有证据表明他犯了罪。)
辨析： evidence 和 proof 都表示证据，但 evidence 更加客观，而 proof 更加主观，更能令人信服。
串记例句：
The evidence suggests that the fire was started deliberately. (证据表明火灾是故意引起的。)
The lawyer presented evidence to the jury. (律师向陪审团出示了证据。)
词根 "voc, vok" (喊，声音)
vocabulary (n.) 词汇量
拓展词组： build up one's vocabulary (增加词汇量), have a large vocabulary (有大量的词汇)
例句：
Reading is a good way to build up your vocabulary. (阅读是增加词汇量的好方法。)
She has a large vocabulary for her age. (以她的年龄来说，她的词汇量很大。)
辨析： vocabulary 指的是一个人知道的单词数量，而 word 指的是单个单词。
串记例句：
I need to improve my vocabulary before I take the English exam. (我需要在参加英语考试之前提高我的词汇量。)
The vocabulary of science is constantly changing. (科学词汇不断变化。)
environment (n.) 环境，外界
拓展词组： environmental (adj. 环境的), environmentally friendly (adj. 保护生态环境的), environmentalist (n. 环保人士)
例句：
We need to protect our environment. (我们需要保护我们的环境。)
The company is committed to environmentally friendly practices. (该公司致力于环保实践。)
辨析： environment 指的是周围的环境，包括自然环境和社会环境，而 surroundings 则更加强调周围的事物。
串记例句：
The environment is being polluted by factories. (环境正在被工厂污染。)
Environmentalists are concerned about the effects of climate change. (环保人士担心气候变化的影响。)
event (n.) 事件，大事
拓展词组： at all events (无论如何), in any event (无论如何), in the event of (万一，如果发生)
例句：
The concert was a major event in the city. (这场音乐会是这座城市的一件大事。)
In the event of an emergency, please remain calm. (如果发生紧急情况，请保持冷静。)
辨析： event 指的是发生的事情，而 incident 指的是突发事件或小事件。
串记例句：
The events of that day changed my life forever. (那天的事件永远改变了我的生活。)
The police are investigating the incident. (警察正在调查这起事件。)
exercise (n./v.) 锻炼，运动；练习 (题)；行使，运用
拓展词组： do exercises (做操/练习), do morning exercises (做早操), go in for exercise (参加体育运动), take exercise (做运动)
例句：
Exercise is good for your health. (锻炼对你的健康有益。)
I need to exercise my right to vote. (我需要行使我的投票权。)
辨析： exercise 指的是为了健康或娱乐而进行的体育活动，而 sport 指的是有规则和竞争性的体育运动。
串记例句：
I go to the gym three times a week for exercise. (我一周去三次健身房锻炼。)
My favorite sport is basketball. (我最喜欢的运动是篮球。)
exchange (n./vt.) 交换，交流；交易；兑换
拓展词组： exchange sth. for sth. (以某物换取某物), exchange sth. with sb. (和某人交换某物), in exchange for (交换), exchange rate (汇率), exchange of views (交换意见)
例句：
We exchanged gifts. (我们交换了礼物。)
I exchanged my dollars for euros at the bank. (我在银行把美元兑换成欧元。)
辨析： exchange 指的是双方互相给予或交换物品或信息，而 trade 则更加强调商业交易。
串记例句：
We had a lively exchange of ideas at the meeting. (我们在会议上进行了热烈的思想交流。)
The two countries signed a trade agreement. (两国签署了贸易协定。)
excite (vt.) 使兴奋/激动
拓展词组： be excited about (对...感到兴奋), be excited about to do sth. (对做某事感到兴奋), be excited by sb. (被某人激怒), excited (adj. 兴奋的), exciting (adj. 令人兴奋的), excitement (n. 兴奋)
例句：
The children were excited about going to the zoo. (孩子们对去动物园感到兴奋。)
The news excited everyone. (这个消息让每个人都兴奋不已。)
辨析： excite 和 stimulate 都表示使兴奋，但 excite 更加强调情感上的兴奋，而 stimulate 更加强调智力上的兴奋。
串记例句：
The exciting game kept the audience on the edge of their seats. (这场激动人心的比赛让观众们紧张不已。)
The teacher tried to stimulate the students' interest in science. (老师试图激发学生对科学的兴趣。)
excuse (vt./n.) 原谅，宽恕；借口，辩解
拓展词组： excuse sb. for doing sth. (原谅某人做某事), in excuse of (为...辩解), make an excuse (找借口)
例句：
Please excuse me for being late. (请原谅我迟到了。)
He made an excuse for not doing his homework. (他为没有做作业找借口。)
辨析： excuse 指的是原谅或宽恕某人的过错，而 forgive 则更加强调内心的原谅和宽恕。
串记例句：
I hope you can excuse my rudeness. (我希望你能原谅我的粗鲁。)
She forgave him for his betrayal. (她原谅了他的背叛。)
explain (vt.) 解释，说明
拓展词组： explain sth. to sb. (向某人解释...), explain oneself (说明自己的意思；为自己的行为辩解), explanation (n. 解释)
例句：
Can you explain this problem to me (你能向我解释这个问题吗？)
She explained that she was late because of the traffic. (她解释说她迟到是因为交通堵塞。)
辨析： explain 指的是阐明或说明某事，而 clarify 则更加强调消除误解或疑惑。
串记例句：
The teacher explained the rules of the game to the students. (老师向学生们解释了游戏规则。)
I asked her to clarify her statement. (我请她澄清她的说法。)
examine (vt.) 检查，调查，测试/验
拓展词组： examinee (n. 应试者), examiner (n. 检验员), examination (n. 考试), make an examination of (检查), on examination (经审查), under examination (在审查中)
例句：
The doctor examined the patient carefully. (医生仔细检查了病人。)
The students are preparing for their final examinations. (学生们正在准备期末考试。)
辨析： examine 和 inspect 都表示检查，但 examine 更加注重分析和评估，而 inspect 更加注重观察和发现问题。
串记例句：
The detective examined the crime scene for clues. (侦探检查了犯罪现场寻找线索。)
The inspector examined the machinery for safety hazards. (检查员检查了机器是否存在安全隐患。)
example (n.) 例子，榜样
拓展词组： follow the example of (以...为榜样), for example (例如), set an example to (给...树立榜样), take example by (拿...做榜样)
例句：
Can you give me an example of what you mean (你能给我举个例子说明你的意思吗？)
He set a good example for his children. (他为他的孩子们树立了良好的榜样。)
辨析： example 指的是可以模仿或学习的模型，而 instance 指的是具体的例子或情况。
串记例句：
The teacher gave several examples of how to use the new grammar rule. (老师举了几个例子说明如何使用新的语法规则。)
This is just one instance of his generosity. (这只是他慷慨的一个例子。)
except (prep.) 除...之外
拓展词组： except for (若不是，除掉...一点之外), except that (除...之外), exception (n. 例外), exceptional (adj. 异常的)
例句：
Everyone was there except Tom. (除了汤姆，每个人都在那里。)
The food was good except for the soup. (除了汤，食物都很好吃。)
辨析： except 表示排除在外，而 besides 表示包括在内。
串记例句：
I like all kinds of music except for heavy metal. (除了重金属，我喜欢各种音乐。)
Besides English, she speaks French and Spanish. (除了英语，她还会说法语和西班牙语。)
expense (n.) 消费，支出，费用
拓展词组： at the expense of (以...为代价), spare no expense (不惜花费), living expenses (生活费), expensive (adj. 昂贵的)
例句：
The trip was at his own expense. (这次旅行是他自费的。)
The company spared no expense in developing the new product. (公司不惜一切代价开发新产品。)
辨析： expense 指的是花费的金钱或成本，而 cost 指的是物品或服务的标价。
串记例句：
The expense of living in the city is very high. (城市的生活成本很高。)
The cost of the book is $20. (这本书的价格是20美元。)
ever (adv.) 曾经；从来，无论何时；究竟，到底
拓展词组： ever so (很，非常), for ever (永远), hardly ever (几乎不...), ever since (从那时到现在)
例句：
Have you ever been to Paris (你曾经去过巴黎吗？)
He will love her forever. (他会永远爱她。)
辨析： ever 表示在任何时间或情况下，而 always 表示一直，始终。
串记例句：
This is the best movie I have ever seen. (这是我看过的最好的电影。)
The sun always rises in the east. (太阳总是从东方升起。)
even (adv./adj.) 甚至，连(...都)；更；平坦的
拓展词组： even if (即使...), even so (虽然如此), even now (即使现在也)
例句：
Even a child could do it. (即使是一个孩子也能做到。)
He was tired, but even so he continued working. (他很累，但即使如此他还是继续工作。)
辨析： even 表示程度更深，而 also 表示附加。
串记例句：
I don't even know his name. (我甚至不知道他的名字。)
She is smart and also very beautiful. (她很聪明，也很漂亮。)
eventually (adv.) 最终地
拓展词组： eventual (adj. 最终的)
例句：
He eventually found his way home. (他最终找到了回家的路。)
The eventual outcome of the war is still uncertain. (战争的最终结果仍然不确定。)
辨析： eventually 表示经过一段时间后最终发生，而 finally 表示最后发生。
串记例句：
She studied hard and eventually passed the exam. (她努力学习，最终通过了考试。)
The train finally arrived after a long delay. (火车在长时间延误后终于到达了。)
equip (vt.) 提供设备；装/配备
拓展词组： equip …with (用…装备), be equipped with (配备/装备有…)
例句：
The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances. (厨房配备了现代化的电器。)
The soldiers were well equipped for battle. (士兵们装备精良，准备战斗。)
辨析： equip 指的是提供必要的工具或设备，而 furnish 指的是提供家具或装饰品。
串记例句：
The school is equipped with a library and a computer lab. (学校配备了图书馆和电脑室。)
They furnished their new apartment with IKEA furniture. (他们用宜家家具布置了他们的新公寓。)
escape (v.& n.) 逃跑/脱；躲过；泄露；出口
拓展词组： escape (doing) sth. (逃脱(做)某事), escape from/out of ... (从…逃跑), escape sb./one's attention (逃过某人的注意)
例句：
The prisoners escaped from jail. (囚犯们从监狱里逃跑了。)
The gas escaped from the pipe. (煤气从管道中泄漏出来。)
辨析： escape 指的是逃离危险或困境，而 avoid 指的是设法不遇到危险或困境。
串记例句：
We narrowly escaped being hit by the car. (我们差点被车撞到。)
She avoided talking about her past. (她避免谈论她的过去。)
evidence (n.) 证据，证词
拓展词组： evidence of/for sth. (有某事/物的证据), evidence that… (有证据…), evidence to show / suggest… (有证据表明…)
例句：
The police found no evidence of a crime. (警察没有发现犯罪的证据。)
There is strong evidence that he is guilty. (有强有力的证据表明他有罪。)
辨析： evidence 指的是支持某个观点或结论的事实或信息，而 proof 指的是能确凿地证明某事为真的证据。
串记例句：
The evidence suggests that the company is in financial trouble. (证据表明该公司遇到了财务困难。)
The scientist presented proof of his theory. (科学家提出了他的理论的证据。)
evident (adj.) 明显的
拓展词组： be evident to sb. that ... (某人清楚…), It is evident that ... (显然…)
例句：
It is evident that he is lying. (很明显他在撒谎。)
His disappointment was evident to everyone. (他的失望对每个人都很明显。)
辨析： evident 指的是容易被察觉或理解的，而 obvious 指的是非常明显，不容置疑的。
串记例句：
Her talent for music was evident at an early age. (她对音乐的天赋在很小的时候就很明显。)
It is obvious that he is not telling the truth. (很明显他没有说实话。)
examinee (n.) 应试者；受审查者；受检查者
例句：
The examinees were nervous before the exam. (考生们在考试前都很紧张。)
The doctor asked the examinee to lie down on the table. (医生让受检者躺在桌子上。)
examiner (n.) 检验员；主考人
例句：
The examiner asked me a few questions about my driving experience. (考官问了我一些关于我驾驶经验的问题。)
The examiners were impressed by the students' performance. (考官们对学生的表现印象深刻。)
examination (n.) 考试；检查；查问
拓展词组： make an examination of (检查), on examination (经审查，经调查后，经考试), under examination (在审查中，在调查中)
例句：
I have a math examination tomorrow. (我明天有一场数学考试。)
The doctor gave him a thorough examination. (医生给他做了彻底的检查。)
辨析： examination 指的是正式的测试或评估，而 test 指的是任何类型的评估或测验。
串记例句：
The students were nervous about the upcoming examination. (学生们对即将到来的考试感到紧张。)
The scientist conducted a test to see if the theory was correct. (科学家做了一个实验，看这个理论是否正确。)
exception (n.) 例外; 异议
例句：
There are exceptions to every rule. (每个规则都有例外。)
She took exception to his remarks. (她对他的言论表示异议。)
exceptional (a.) 异常的，例外的
例句：
He has exceptional talent. (他有着非凡的天赋。)
This is an exceptional case. (这是一个例外情况。)
eventually (ad.) 最终地
例句：
They eventually reached an agreement. (他们最终达成了一致。)
I knew I would finish the race eventually. (我知道我最终会完成比赛的。)
辨析： eventually 表示经过一段时间后最终发生，而 finally 表示最后发生，通常带有完成或结束的意味。
串记例句：
She tried many times and eventually succeeded. (她尝试了很多次，最终成功了。)
The project was finally completed after months of hard work. (经过几个月的努力，这个项目终于完成了。)
expensive (a.) 昂贵的；花钱的
例句：
That car is too expensive for me. (那辆车对我来说太贵了。)
It's an expensive hobby. (这是一个昂贵的爱好。)
辨析： expensive 指的是价格高，而 costly 指的是花费巨大，通常指时间、精力或资源。
串记例句：
The dress was very expensive, but she decided to buy it anyway. (这条裙子很贵，但她还是决定买了。)
The war was a costly mistake. (这场战争是一个代价高昂的错误。)
experienced (adj.) 有经验的；熟练的
拓展词组： be experienced in (在…方面有经验)
例句：
She is an experienced teacher. (她是一位经验丰富的老师。)
He is experienced in dealing with difficult customers. (他擅长处理难缠的客户。)
辨析： experienced 指的是拥有丰富的经验，而 skilled 指的是拥有熟练的技能。
串记例句：
The company is looking for experienced engineers. (公司正在寻找经验丰富的工程师。)
She is a skilled pianist. (她是一位技艺娴熟的钢琴家。)

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