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专题05 阅读理解20篇
(名校期中真题)
（22-23高一下·湖南邵阳·期中）Book clubs are a great way to meet new friends or keep in touch with old ones, while keeping up on your reading and taking part in lively and interesting discussions. If you’re interested in starting a book club, you should consider the following options and suggestions.
The first thing you’ll need is your members. Think carefully about how many people will participate and what the club’s focus will be. For example, some book clubs focus only on fiction, others read nonfiction. All of these possibilities can make for a great club, but it is important to decide on a focus at the beginning so the guidelines (准则) will be clear to the group and potential members.
After making the basic preparations, recruitment (招募) can begin. Try to invite friends and family, advertise in the local newspapers, stores, colleges, libraries, and bookstores. When enough people express interest, schedule a kick-off meeting during which decisions will be made about useful guidelines that will ensure the club runs smoothly. This meeting will need to determine where the group will meet; how often the group will meet, and on which day of the week and at what time; how long the meetings will be; how books will be chosen and by whom; who will lead the group; and whether snacks will be served and if so, who will supply them. By the end of this meeting, these guidelines should be set and a book selection and date for the first official meeting should be fixed.
Planning and running a book club is really challenging, but when a book club is run effectively, the experience can be extremely happy and satisfying for everyone.
1．According to the passage, when one starts a book club, the first thing to do is ________.
A．Try to invite friends and family. B．put an ad in a local newspaper.
C．decide on the focus and size of the club. D．decide when and where to meet.
2．A good title for this passage would be ________.
A．Book Clubs: A Great Way to Make New Friends.
B．Starting a Successful Book Club: A Guide.
C．Five Easy Steps to Starting a Successful Book Club.
D．Reading in Groups: Sharing Experiences, Developing Friendships.
3．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Smaller groups are better for a lot of reasons.
B．The social aspect of book clubs is more important than anything.
C．Starting your own book club is better than joining an existing one.
D．When you start and run a book club, good preparations is necessary.
（22-23高一下·广东揭阳·期中）For ten years, I have spent my Monday evenings attending rehearsals (排练) for my amateur (业余的) choir. Mondays are not my favorite day, and I often arrive feeling bad, but by the end of the rehearsal, I usually feel energized. The singing does me good. So do the people. I wouldn’t describe my choir members as close friends. We exchange brief chats, smiles and jokes but that is enough for me to feel better about the world.
There is no choir practice now. I miss it. In lockdown, I do not feel short on emotional support, but I do feel short of friendly faces and casual (随便的) conversations. Another way of putting this is that I miss my “weak ties”.
One way to think about any person’s social world is that you have an inner circle of people whom you often talk to and feel close with, and an outer circle of people whom you see sometimes. Mark Granovetter, a sociology professor at Stanford University, named these categories (种类) “strong ties” and “weak ties”.
Experts had thought that a person’s happiness depended mainly on the quality of their relationships with their close friends and family. Granovetter showed that quantity (数量) mattered, too. He found that for new information and ideas, weak ties are more important to us than strong ones. Granovetter surveyed 282 Boston-based workers and found that most of them got their jobs through someone they knew. But only a few got the job through a close friend; 84% got their job through those weak-tie relationships. As Granvetter pointed out, the people whom you spend much time with swim in the same pool of information as you do. We depend on friendly outsiders to bring us news of opportunities.
So we should continue to find ways to develop weak-tie relationships in lockdown. We can use social media to reach out to people we don’t know well for light, but meaningful communications. We can also make more weak-tie-style conversations with our strong ties. The goal is to let others know you are thinking of them without asking for a great deal of time or energy.
4．What makes the author happy during his Monday evenings’ choir practice
A．His meeting with a close friend. B．The praise from choir members.
C．The progress he has made in singing. D．His communication with choir members.
5．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The changes of people’s social world. B．What “strong ties” and “weak ties” are.
C．The different ways people communicate. D．Why interpersonal relationships are important.
6．What did Granovetter think of weak-tie relationships
A．They are easier to build than strong ones.
B．They offer more benefits than strong ones.
C．They can bring new information and ideas.
D．They make little difference to people’s happiness.
7．What does the author suggest people do to have weak-tie contacts in lockdown
A．Use social media to make new friends.
B．Draw outsiders into a full online conversation.
C．Make strong-tie-style chats with distant friends.
D．Have more brief conversations with family members.
（22-23高一下·湖南·期中）Our planet is heating up due to something called the greenhouse effect. This is one of the reasons why Earth is seeing more extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, forest fires and floods each year. But what exactly is the greenhouse effect, and what can we do to reduce it
Let’s first think about a greenhouse — you may have one in your garden! It’s a glass structure that protects plants against low temperatures by trapping heat inside. But, while this helps your plants grow, Earth is trapping heat in the same way, and it’s causing global warming. When fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and gas, are burnt for power, carbon dioxide is released as a waste product. It enters the atmosphere and acts like a blanket around the planet, which means heat radiation can’t escape and the temperature increases.
The impact of gases on the Earth’s climate was first investigated in the 1820s. Eunice Foote, a scientist and women’s rights activist, tested the effects of sunlight on different gases that she put into glass cylinders. Her results showed that carbon dioxide traps heat more than other gases. The idea of the greenhouse effect was born.
So, what can we do to reduce the greenhouse effect The UN recommends using more energy-efficient electrical appliances at home and transforming into LED lightbulbs. Also, by washing your clothes at 30℃instead of a higher temperature, around 40% less electricity is used over a year, according to the Energy Saving Trust. A change in diet is also something to consider. The charity A Well-Fed World, claims that plant-based foods, as opposed to meat and dairy, need less land and water to be produced. So, switching saves energy and lowers emissions, which contribute to climate change.
We only have one planet, so let’s try and take care of it as much as we can.
8．What do we know about greenhouse from the second paragraph
A．The way it works. B．The damage it causes.
C．The structure it requires. D．The waste it produces.
9．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3
A．Summarize the previous paragraphs. B．Provide some advice for the readers.
C．Add some background information. D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
10．How many ways are recommended to reduce the greenhouse effect
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
11．Which of the following best explains “switching” underlined in Paragraph 4
A．Changing. B．Stopping. C．Developing. D．Reducing.
（22-23高一下·湖南·期中）David Christof, a Marathon runner, visited my school yesterday. He made a speech about the safe drinking water problem in the world. “I want to do more and help people everywhere have safe drinking water,” he said as he spoke in a gym full of students.
Christof shared with us his story of determination to help solve the world water crisis by participating in the 2021 Blue Planet Run marathon. Starting in New York City, a team of 21 male and female athletes ran around the clock through 16 countries. It covered 15,200 miles and three continents, 24 hours a day for 9 5 days to deliver the message that measures must be taken to help countries searching for safe drinking water.
As he spoke to us, Christof displayed a picture of a woman getting water from a well filled with dirty water. “Would you like to drink this water ” he asked. “I wouldn’t either, yet this woman is washing her dishes in it and later she will use it to cook. The water crisis does not mean people are dying of thirst. It means that they are drinking water that is not good for them.”
Christof pointed out that students in my school may not worry whether or not the water they are drinking is safe. But it is another story in other countries, where people actually have to decide whether their water is safe to drink. He expressed the hope that his speech would help us realize how a single person can make a difference by taking the steps to bring about change.
12．What is Christof’s speech mainly about
A．A story about looking for clean water. B．The world safe drinking water problem.
C．The importance of drinking enough water. D．Different methods for making use of water.
13．What can we know about the 2021 Blue Planet Run marathon
A．It was hosted in New York. B．It was finished in 24 hours.
C．It was held day and night. D．It was attended by 42 athletes.
14．What does Christof imply about the woman in the picture
A．She should save water. B．She needs good water.
C．She is polluting water. D．She prefers well water.
15．What does the author do most probably
A．A student. B．A technician.
C．A famous scientist. D．A professional runner.
（22-23高一下·湖北恩施·期中）Young kids’ brains are very sensitive (敏感的) to their moms’ voices, science has shown. But as kids grow into teens, everything changes. Teenagers’ brains are now more sensitive to strangers’ voices than those of their own moms’, new research shows.
The researchers studied the brains of 7- to 16-year-olds as they listened to things said by their moms or by unfamiliar women. The words were gibberish: teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. Using such meaningless words allowed the scientists to study the voices, not what they were saying. As the kids listened, certain parts of their brains became active. This was especially true in brain areas that help us to find rewards and pay attention.
Daniel Abrams, a researcher at Stanford University, says that younger kids’ brains respond more strongly to their moms’ voices than to strangers’. However, in adolescence (青春期), we show the exact opposite.
“These areas in the adolescent brains don’t stop responding to moms’ voices,” Abrams explains. “It’s just that unfamiliar voices become more worthy of attention. Here’s why: As kids grow up, they widen their social connections beyond their family. So their brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world.”
But moms’ voices still have special power, especially in times of stress, a 2011 study with girls showed. Levels of stress dropped when these girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone.
The brain seems to adapt to new needs that come with adolescence. “As we grow up, our survival depends less and less on our moms’ support.” says Leslie Seltzer, a biological anthropologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “Instead we rely more and more on our friends and others doser to our own age.”
“So while both teens and their parents may sometimes feel annoyed, that’s OK,” Abrams says. “This is the way the brain is wired, and there’s a good reason for it.”
16．What does the underlined word “gibberish” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Question. B．Story. C．Saying. D．Nonsense.
17．Why do teens become more sensitive to unfamiliar voices
A．They need more connections. B．They desire real understanding.
C．They are tired of their moms. D．They have more energy to spare.
18．What are moms’ voices like to teens according to the 2011 study
A．Exciting. B．Unpleasant. C．Comforting. D．Strange.
19．What is Daniel Abrams’ opinion on teens’ change in their voice preference
A．It deserves scientific prevention. B．It is normal and understandable.
C．It is discouraging and problematic. D．It negatively affects their growth.
（22-23高一下·湖北恩施·期中）Janet Fein is an 84-year-old woman. Last week, she received her bachelor’s
degree from The University of Texas at Dallas.
Fein has had a full life. She has raised five children and then had a career as a secretary until she retired at age 77. But even then, she was not ready to take it easy and rest during a well-earned retirement.
“I didn’t have anything to do in retirement and I didn’t think that playing bingo was up to my speed,” Fein told the Associated Press. She said she decided to major in sociology because she felt it was “substantial”.
Fein grew up in the Bronx area of New York City. She said that in high school. she just wanted to finish and get a job. After graduating early, at the age of 16, she went to work as a secretary at a dress manufacturer.
After getting married, she spent 18 years staying home with her children. She held several jobs throughout her life, including 20 years as a secretary at a Dallas hospital. That is the job she retired from in 2012. She also worked for 20 years on earning an associate degree, which she received in 1995.
But Fein told the AP she also wanted to earn a bachelor’s degree “with all of my heart”. Even with all of her life experiences, she said she enjoyed reading, writing papers and learning new things. “With each class I already knew a lot, but then I also learned a lot. And that made me happy.”
Carmel Dyer is director of the UTHealth Consortium on Aging at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. She says that keeping active and giving yourself something to look forward to “is just a really positive move”.
Her college advisor was Sheila Rollerson. She told the AP that Fein never showed signs of giving up even with all of her difficulties. “She just kept plugging along.” Rollerson said.
Renee Brown is one of Fein’s caregivers. She says Fein has also inspired her. At 53, she plans to begin nursing school to further her career.
20．What can we learn about Fein from the text
A．She enjoyed playing bingo after retirement.
B．She worked as a secretary at the age of 18.
C．She had got a bachelor’s degree in nursing.
D．She didn’t give up despite all the difficulties.
21．What is Carmel Dyer’s attitude towards Fein
A．Cautious. B．Approving. C．Unconcerned. D．Doubtful.
22．Which of the following best describes Fein’s life
A．It was tough and terrible. B．It was full and meaningful.
C．It disturbed her caregiver’s life. D．It encouraged her children greatly.
23．What can we conclude from the text
A．No pain, no gain. B．Failure is the mother of success.
C．It’s never too old to learn. D．Action speaks louder than words.
（22-23高一下·湖北随州·期中）THE WORLD’S UNUSUAL AIRLINES
Pet Airways
Founded in 2009 in Delray Beach, Florida, Pet Airways was an airline specially designed for pets such as cats and dogs. Each plane could carry about 50 pets, with “Pet Attendants” checking on them every 15 minutes. The airline operated for about two years, serving a dozen US cities. In 2012, the airline ran into financial trouble and started canceling flights. It shut down completely the following year, after having ferried about 9,000 pets.
JPATS
Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System (JPATS) is the largest prison (监狱) transport network in the world. It is an airline of the US government that transports prisoners to and from detention centers, courts and prisons. It is sometimes also called “Con Air”. Although the airline is mainly used for a prison, it also takes part in military and state law operations.
Skytraders
Skytraders is an Australian airline that provides special air services for the Australian Federal Government. It was founded in 1979 and is headquartered at 180 Jersey Road, Woollahra, New South Wales, Australia. This airline offers flights to Antarctica. The airline was chosen because of its great safety systems. An ACJ (Airbus Corporate Jet) is operated between Hobart and a hard glacier (冰川) runway near Casey Station.
Janet Airlines
Janet Airlines, commonly known as Janet, is an unofficial name given to top-secret aircraft that carry high-ranking officials to Special Access Facilities. The airline can be seen serving the mysterious Area 51 and Tonopah Test Range. The passengers in Janet Airlines board through the west side of the airport, from a special part of Harry Reid International Airport. This area isn’t open to other civilians and there is also a small terminal (航站楼) building for Janet’s passengers.
24．When did Pet Airways close down
A．In 1979. B．In 2009. C．In 2012. D．In 2013.
25．What do we know about JPATS
A．It is used for a prison. B．It transported officials only.
C．It offers flights to Antarctica. D．It stopped because of fund shortage.
26．What is unique about Janet Airlines
A．It is specially designed for pets.
B．It offers special service to government officials.
C．Its plane needs to operate on a hard ice runway.
D．It has a special private terminal for its own passengers.
（22-23高一下·广东韶关·期中）This was a major week in AI (Artificial Intelligence), with some of the largest companies announced their most updated and leading models: GPT-4 from OpenAI’s made its first show to the public, while Google put out its Med-PaLM 2, a new-and-improved medical model etc. Meanwhile, Company Anthropic introduced its lighter and cheaper Claude API, which is a ChatGPT competitor. And in China, Tsinghua launched ChatGLM, a chat-based Chinese-English model, in somewhat as a reminder of ChatGPT. In this AI spring, much awaits for customers.
Designs are on the rise. November’s release ChatGPT turned AI a breaking news. Two months later, it increased to 100 million monthly active users, making it the fastest-growing consumer application in history. Earlier this month, OpenAI came to market for the first time—the ChatGPT, with its models still advancing. Finally, both Google and Microsoft put out AI plans as well.
Funds are flooding. Recent attention turns to a large amount of investment on Microsoft’s $10 billion OpenAI. The past few months have witnessed a “gold rush” for new AI model startups (新企业). Some outstanding ones: Adept raised $350 million, Google dropped another $300 million into Anthropic, Character AI raised $200 million from Andreesen Horowitz, Perplexity raised $25 million, and Salesforce Ventures launched a $250 million fund.
Demands for policy. As foundation models change rapidly, the demand for AI policy grows as well, which catches the attention of top policymakers across the world, attempting to ensure AI security. In the U.S., Congressman Ted Lieu presented a report calling for AI regulation that was written by ChatGPT, accompanied by a column (专栏) in the New York Times.
“AI is no longer a matter of science fiction, nor is it a technology confined or restricted to research labs. AI will dramatically change our lives. Jobs like journalists, lawyers and doctors are facing challenges. AI is a technology that is already being highly concerned.”
27．What do you know about AI according to paragraph 1
A．AI develops fast in these weeks. B．GPT-4 is failed in the first show.
C．Tsinghua released a medical model. D．AI reminds people of the spring.
28．Which one is true about ChatGPT according to the passage
A．Tsinghua developed one on medicine.
B．More competitors were beaten recently.
C．ChatGPT attracted 100 million users.
D．GPT-4 is a newly updated version of ChatGPT from OpenAI.
29．What can you infer from the passage
A．It’s just in America that AI technology develops. B．Better policies are demanded for AI security.
C．Google and Microsoft will make the best AI. D．Funds are raised for a lot of new startups.
30．Why do you think AI will change our lives greatly
A．Some professions are in face of challenge. B．Models are lighter and cheaper.
C．Quite a few funds are invested lately. D．It develops rapidly in the west.
（22-23高一下·福建三明·期中）Do you listen to the songs that your parents like Chances are that you don’t. You probably think the music that they like is old and dull and that the songs on your playlist are much cooler.
But here is what scientists found recently: people’s music tastes change as they age, according to a study published in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. So it’s likely that your own musical preference will follow a similar path to your parents’, whether you like it or not.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge, UK, collected data (资料) from more than 250,000 people over the past 10 years. They noticed that as people age, their social circumstances (环境) change, and so does their music taste.
There are three musical periods that people pass through as they grow.
The first period comes in the teenage years, during which time people like punk and rock because teenagers want people to regard them as independent individuals (个体).
But as people move into early adulthood (成年), their lifestyle changes—they get to know more people and want to build close relationships with others. As a result, they prefer pop and R&B, which are often played at parties where people hang out together and chat.
When middle age comes, people like to listen to jazz and classical. They also like country, folk, and blues.
“During this period of life, many people often feel tired because of their work and family, and there is a requirement for relaxing and emotive (动情的) music,” said Jason Rentfrow, a research member.
But you must be thinking: “Aren’t there old people who still love rock music ” Of course there are. But Rentfrow explained that their reasons for listening to rock music may have changed. “We use music for different reasons,” he said, and at that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youths.
31．The underlined word “dull” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “________”.
A．hot B．sick C．enjoyable D．boring
32．Mike is twenty years old. What kind of music does he most probably like
A．Pop. B．Jazz. C．Country. D．Classical.
33．According to Jason Rentfrow, middle age is a period when people ________.
A．feel relaxed about their work B．are under much stress
C．want to stay with their family D．like all kinds of music
34．Which of the following is a suitable title for this passage
A．Why Do People Listen to Music B．What Influences People’s Music Taste
C．Do You Have a Talent for Music D．Do Young People Like Classical Music
（22-23高一下·广西·期中）Lithium (锂) is called “white gold” for good reason. The metal value has been growing rapidly over the last several years, mainly because it is an essential material of lithium-ion batteries, which play an important part in several key sustainable technologies, for example, electric cars.
As ocean waves, wind and solar power have grown into major players in the energy industry, lithium has also become key to building a future free of petrol. But getting lithium comes at a huge cost. As with most meals, its mining is damaging. It often works like this: Briny water, containing lithium and other meal, is pumped to the surface from underground. Then it sits in pools to allow the water to evaporate, leaving the rest behind as poisonous matter. Workers use chemical reactions to remove the lithium from that, making it into powder which is then packaged and shipped to the buyers around the world. Any accident that releases mine matter into surrounding communities or the groundwater supply could have damaging long-term impacts.
Indigenous (当地的) communities often bear the result of the damage, and political leaders have paid little attention to their concerns. In Arizona, for example, an expanding lithium mine is threatening the Hualapai Tribe’s historical sites. And for politicians who have promised to work with native peoples to deal with it, mining lithium and other precious metals is putting them into a dilemma: How do you ensure the availability of materials which are essential to the future while protecting indigenous people’s rights
Mining of the metal is expected to increase greatly in coming years. Overtime, that will make electric cars inexpensive and, therefore, more popular.
As environmentally conscious consumers buy electric cars in ever-greater numbers, it’s important to be aware of the dirty process that powers those clean air vehicles.
35．What do we know about lithium from paragraph l and paragraph 2
A．It’s a kind of battery.
B．It will be widely used in the future.
C．Only lithium can replace fossil fuels.
D．It is the same with wind and solar power.
36．What can be inferred from the mining process
A．It’s easily done. B．It does harm to the environment.
C．It costs much money. D．The workers benefit a lot from it.
37．What aspect of lithium mining concerns the politicians
A．The shortage of lithium. B．The prices of electric cars.
C．The decreasing support from their people. D．The balance between it and environment protection.
38．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to lithium mining
A．Supportive. B．In different. C．Worried. D．Optimistic.
（22-23高一下·广西·期中）It is very challenging when it comes to trying to master the English language. However, there are some things you can do to improve your English learning. The following books are an excellent way for people trying to learn English or get better at it.
Oxford Picture Dictionary
This is a great book for those who like to learn things visually. You can use the pictures to learn many new words each day. There is also a bilingual version for those who want to learn using their own native language.
Word Power Made Easy.
This useful dictionary provides one of the best ways to learn over l,000 of the words which are most commonly used in English. The book has many interesting activities and games and gives tips on avoiding spelling errors.
NTC Vocabulary Builders
Students who are more advanced in the English language will greatly like the NTC Vocab-ulary Builders. If you want to build your English vocabulary, then this book is a good choice.
English Vocabulary in Use
This is one of the best-selling books by Cambridge University Press. The book is good for students of the English language of all levels who want to have a wider vocabulary. You can choose to learn British English or American English. Improving your English is one of the best ways to make sure that you will do great in life. It can open many doors for you. For those who are not native English speakers, these books will come in handy. With hard work, anyone can be a master of the English language.
39．What is special about Oxford Picture Dictionary
A．It is designed for language beginners. B．It offers advice on language learning.
C．It provides many pictures to help learn language. D．It gives learners a lot of interesting daily tasks.
40．Which book provides ways to stay away from mistakes in spelling
A．Oxford Picture Dictionary. B．Word Power Made Easy.
C．NTC Vocabulary Builder. D．English Vocabulary in Use.
41．Who is the text written for
A．Those who want to teach English. B．Those who want to do great in life.
C．Those who want to take on new challenges. D．Those who want to improve their English vocabulary.
（22-23高一下·湖北·期中）On Wednesday, a search team called Endurance22 announced that it had located the wreck (沉船) Endurance. The Endurance was found 1. 87 miles below the ocean’s surface, about four miles south of its last known location.
Over a hundred years after it sank near Antarctica, the ship has been found. The ship sank after it got trapped in the ice in the Weddell Sea in 1915.
The discovered ship is still in excellent shape. The name can be clearly read on the back of the ship. Its wheel looks ready to be turned. Even though the ship is made of wood and is over 100 years old, it has survived with little damage. Scientists say that the small organisms (微生物) that normally break down wooden objects underwater don’t live in cold water around Antarctica.
The Endurance22 is led by the Falklands Maritime Heritage Trust. The team ran the project from an ice-breaking ship which was able to handle the difficult conditions of the Weddell Sea. To locate the Endurance, the team used two underwater robots called Sabertooths.
For the last two weeks, the Sabertooths robots have been scanning the seafloor in a 150-square mile area around the Endurance’s last known location. The Sabertooths were especially useful, since they could travel under the ice and go where the ship could not.
The robots were looking for anything sticking up above the seafloor. Last Saturday, the ship was found. After the ship was located, the Sabertooths used high-quality cameras and scanners to record the Endurance in detail.
The Endurance is expected to remain untouched. Antarctica’s waters are protected by an international agreement, which means the ship can’t be disturbed. The Endurance22 team plans to create a digital 3D model of the wreck site, using a careful scan they made. This will allow scientists to study the ship in detail without disturbing it.
42．What helped to keep the Endurance in good shape
A．Special wood. B．Sea sand. C．Fine weather. D．Cold water.
43．How did the robots locate the Endurance
A．By searching the seafloor. B．By breaking ice for researchers.
C．By picking up signals from the ship. D．By diving undersea with scientists.
44．What plays the most important role in finding the Endurance
A．Patience. B．Weather. C．Technology. D．Luck.
45．What is the best title for the passage
A．Study the Endurance. B．Explore the Weddell Sea.
C．Locate the Endurance. D．Scan the seafloor.
（22-23高一下·河南驻马店·期中）Researchers in Norway say they have found what they believe is the world’s oldest runestone (符文石)—a stone with ancient writing on it.
Runes are the characters in several Germanic letters. These characters were used in northern Europe from ancient times until the change to the Latin letters. The origin of runic writing is unclear. The Norwegian researchers say the writing on the runestone could be up to 2,000 years old.
The runestone is square and flat. The runes carved into it may show the earliest example of recorded words in Scandinavia, the Museum of Cultural History in Oslo said. It said it was “among the oldest runic writings ever found” and “the oldest runestone ever found in the world”.
Kristel Zilmer is a professor at University of Oslo, of which the museum is part. Zilmer said, “This find will give us a lot of knowledge about the use of runes in the early Iron Age. This may be one of the first attempts to use runes in Norway and Scandinavia on stone.”
Runes have been found on stones and on home goods. Older runes have been found on other objects, also, but not on stones. The oldest known runic writing is on a hair tool made from bone. Zilmer said that the ancient writer might have used a knife or needle to make the runes.
Measuring 31 centimeters by 32 centimeters, the stone has several kinds of writings. Not all of them make sense. Eight runes on the front of the stone read “idiberug”—which could be the name of a person or family but not sure.
There is still a lot of research to be done on the rock, named Svingerud stone after where it was found.
The Museum of Cultural History is going to hold a public showing of the runestone for a month. The museum holds Norway’s largest collection of historical objects, from ancient times to the modern day.
46．Where have the oldest runes been found
A．On a bone. B．On a stone. C．On the iron. D．On home goods.
47．Where does the name of the runestone come from
A．The content on it. B．The person who found it.
C．The place where it was discovered. D．The date when it was found.
48．What information can be learned from the text
A．The origin of the runes. B．The shape and size of the runestone.
C．The meaning of all the runes. D．The exact age of the runestone.
49．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Origin of Latin Has Been Discovered
B．Runestones Show Life of Ancient People
C．Stone with Ancient Writing on It Is on Show
D．Researchers Discover World’s Oldest Runestone
（22-23高一下·河南驻马店·期中）Have you ever woken up confused by your dream, only to try to search online for what it could have possibly meant A team from Mornings.co.uk, a sleep website, analyzed(分析) the most commonly searched dreams to see which ones are the most common, so that we can better understand our dreams, or at least know we’re not the only ones having them.
The available data was analyzed by the team, and then they sorted the dreams by country and then provided an overall world view as well. Worldwide, the most common dreams were about snakes, with 352,000 searches a month in Brazil alone, as well as 214,000 in Turkey. Places where poisonous(有毒的) snakes are common had more searches for snake-related dreams.
However, that doesn’t mean that countries without a large number of snakes were free of snake dreams. In the UK, where most snakes are mostly harmless, the second most commonly searched dreams were still snake related.
The top searched dream in the UK, most of North America and Western Europe was about teeth falling out.
Meanwhile, in the United States, most people were mostly dreaming about their teeth falling out, with 81,000 searches per month. Dreams about vacations, being run after, spiders, and bears were also commonly searched in the U. S.
The team said, “One possible explanation is that the dream about loss of teeth represents an unconscious(无意识的), historical remaining of a time when teeth played an important role in the lives of early people. The actual loss of one’s teeth may have resulted in changes in diet and other difficulties linked with eating or defence.”
They continued, “For the present group of dreamers, it seems possible that mental conditions of helplessness or loss of control may trigger the typical dream of teeth-loss.”
50．What about the dream did the team focus on
A．Its harm. B．Its history. C．Its content. D．Its function.
51．Who has the most snake dreams according to the text
A．People who were born in the year of snake.
B．People who once did bad things to snakes.
C．People who saw poisonous snakes in their childhood.
D．People who live in places where many poisonous snakes exist.
52．What does the author mainly want to tell us in paragraph 6
A．A possible cause of tooth loss in dreams.
B．People’s concerns about aging.
C．Types of things dreamed about.
D．The importance of teeth to humans.
53．What does the underlined word “trigger” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Disturb. B．Cause. C．Limit. D．Contain.
（22-23高一下·河南信阳·期中）In an effort to help out important insects like bees and butterflies, bus stops across the United Kingdom (UK) are getting living roofs. Small gardens on bus shelter roofs are being planted with flowers chosen to help support the struggling insects. The gardens provide much-needed islands of nature in a hard, man-made environment of a city.
Humans depend on bees and other “pollinators (授粉者)” like butterflies to help grow plants, such as flowers and trees. But with humans taking over more and more land for cities, roads and farms, more natural areas have disappeared. The Wildlife Trusts, a group which works to protect wildlife in the UK, says that 97% of England’s wildflower fields have been lost since World War II and the insect numbers there have dropped by 50% since 1970. Bee bus stops are a small step toward supporting these important insects.
The advertising company Clear Channel is working with The Wildlife Trusts and city governments to set up bee bus stops in cities across the UK. Bee bus stops are like ordinary bus shelters, but small gardens have been added to the roofs. The gardens are filled with flowers and plants chosen to attract bees and butterflies. Because the soil for the rooftop garden is heavy, especially when it rains, the bus shelters need to be sturdy. The rooftop gardens need to be cut about twice a year. But other than that, not much is needed to keep the gardens going.
Clear Channel manages about 30,000 bus stops across the UK. It says that most bus stops last about 20 years. The little gardens can also help to slightly lower city temperatures. Even though the bus shelter gardens are small, together they add up to a much larger area. Thirzah McSherry, who works for The Wildlife Trusts, says, “We’re living through a nature and climate crisis and we need to use every tool we’ve got to deal with it.”
54．Why are bee bus stop gardens being built in the UK
A．To improve farming conditions. B．To make the city more beautiful.
C．To solve the environment pollution. D．To provide shelters for pollinating insects.
55．What leads to the insect numbers dropping sharply in England
A．Loss of forests. B．Climate changes. C．Human activities. D．Natural disasters.
56．What does the underlined word “sturdy” mean in paragraph 3
A．Easily broken. B．Extremely popular.
C．Firmly fixed. D．Finely decorated.
57．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The city temperature is getting lower slowly.
B．Small actions can also make a big difference.
C．Cities should map out larger gardens for the insects.
D．The bee bus stop will change the climate of the UK.
（22-23高一下·四川宜宾·期中）Prison Break is a huge hit thanks to its handsome star, Wentworth Miller. His character, Michael Scofield, is the engine that drives the show.
Having committed a crime to get into prison and break out with his innocent brother, Michael Scofield is one of the most interesting personalities on TV. But what about the man behind the character
Miller is a hard guy to figure out. He does not come from a normal background and has never lived his life in a typical way.
Miller didn’t take a direct path to fame and fortune. He graduated from Princeton University in 1995, not with a degree in theatre or film, but in English. He didn’t even act when he was in college. His only performance experience was in his university’s singing group. Yet, at graduation Miller still decided to make the move to Hollywood.
Miller has always been different. Although he is American, he was in Britain when his father was studying there. His family background is also a special mix of cultures. “My father is black and my mother is white. That means I have always been caught in the middle. I could be either one, which can make you feel out of place,” Miller says.
Following his unusual path, Miller did not start trying out for films and TV shows when he first got to Hollywood. Instead, he worked as a lowly production assistant, not what you would expect from a Princeton graduate. However, it all paid off for Miller in the end.
In 2002, Miller played a role in the drama Dinotopia(《恐龙帝国》). He starred as a thoughtful and shy man. Producers remembered his performance when they were casting Prison Break two years later.
58．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Michael Scofield in Prison Break. B．Hollywood’s recent big hit—Prison Break.
C．Miller’s unusual path to fame and fortune. D．The man who will take over all of the world.
59．The writer thinks “Miller is a hard guy to figure out” because _________.
A．it’s difficult to tell him from others
B．he is a shy man and hard to cooperate with
C．he always has ideas hard for people to understand
D．his family background and life experience are very special
60．Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined sentence “it all paid off for Miller in the end”
A．Miller put a lot of extra work for his final success.
B．Miller gained fame and fortune at last with his first film.
C．Miller finally succeeded even if he has been in low position.
D．Miller managed to pay off his debts with his small income in the end.
61．Which of the following statements is TRUE about Miller
A．He is chosen to play Michael Scofield due to his interesting personality.
B．His performance in Dinotopia makes some contributions to his success.
C．He has the same experience with the character Michael Scofield.
D．He is angry about his being born into a mixed cultural family.
（22-23高一下·四川宜宾·期中）My family first moved to Colorado 22 years ago. Los Angeles was too expensive and it was difficult to find well-paying jobs and affordable housing. Colorado became our next dream place. Settling into a small town in the Front Range, my parents found hard jobs.
Growing up in this small town, I remember my parents working hard to get past the language barrier. My mom, especially, tried her best to ensure she knew all that she needed to know about like my parent-teacher meetings and extracurricular (课外的) activities. One of those extracurricular activities that I signed up for was football. At that age, football was cool and all, but I was more into playing Pokémon and other video games. Football didn’t draw me in.
Big football tournaments (联赛) would come around like the World Cup, the Copa América and the Gold Cup, and the Mexican National Team would play in these tournaments. I would sit there in our living room and unmindfully watch the games while my parents would go crazy with enthusiasm ( 热情). I would sit there and play my game. My dad would look over and tell me that I should be paying attention carefully to the game and that I should care more about whether Mexico would win the match than my video games.
Both of my parents’ workspaces were crowded (占满的) with other workers. My mom worked with people from all over Latin America. Everyone’s topic of choice at work would always turn to how their national football
team was doing. It was a way to show pride in the countries where they had grown up.
I grew up loving football more and more. The more I learned about my Mexican roots (根), the more I tried to find ways to express pride in them in the United States.
62．Why did the author’s family move to Colorado
A．To make a better life.
B．To attend more activities.
C．To follow their football dream.
D．To receive a better education.
63．How did the author feel about football at first
A．It was amazing. B．It was important.
C．It was uninteresting. D．It was difficult.
64．What would the author’s father do when watching football games
A．Remind the author to watch them carefully.
B．Play video games with the author.
C．Learn English in their living room.
D．Guess who would be the winner.
65．The author’s mom and her workmates talked about football in order to _________.
A．build a closer friendship
B．express their homesickness
C．share a common topic
D．show their pride in their motherlands
（22-23高一下·安徽六安·期中）Urban gardens are valuable assets (资产) to communities. They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community cohesion (凝聚力), make new friends, connect with the earth, and much more. So, let’s check out our list of 4 inspiring urban gardens in the US.
Gotham Greens
Where: New York & Chicago
What: Gotham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago. Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produces over 100,000 pounds of greens per year. But it doesn’t just produce healthy local vegetables. It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable.
Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students
Where: Baltimore, Maryland
What: The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students (BUGS) program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs. Many of these kids don’t have access to green spaces and have never had the opportunity to grow food.
Revision Urban Farm
Where: Boston, Massachusetts
What: Revision Urban Farm in Boston works in partnership with the Revision Family Home-a shelter for 22 homeless parents and their kids. The farm provides these families within formation on healthy eating, and access to the farm’s fresh vegetables. The organization also provides job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty.
Swale
Where: New York
What: Swale, a floating food forest located on a large boat, is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food. This urban garden serves as both a living art exhibit and an educational farm Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables, fruit, nut trees, bushes, herbs, and vines — each one complementing the other in a symbiotic (共生的) relationship.
66．What is special about Gotham Greens
A．It offers homeless families information on healthy eating.
B．It creates a sustainable garden on a large boat.
C．It provides job training for students.
D．It uses high-tech greenhouses to grow healthy food.
67．Which urban garden offers first-hand farming experience
A．Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students. B．Swale.
C．Revision Urban Farm. D．Gotham Greens.
68．What do these four urban gardens have in common
A．They create job opportunities for farmers.
B．They are inspirational projects in New York.
C．They are beneficial to communities.
D．They have educational and entertaining purposes.
（22-23高一下·吉林长春·期中）In winter, intense cold in China’s Jilin Province can turn tripping water into ice within seconds. Yet, 63-year-old Ren Jianguo gets up early every day to spread corn on the riverbank to make
sure thousands of migratory birds (候鸟) have food to go through the cold days.
Ren lives in Jilin City which is built on the banks of the Songhuajiang River. Over the past 26 years, he has been one of the many volunteers protecting migratory birds on the river’s Changbai Island. Local residents label him as “Uncle Bird”. Winter is the busiest time for Uncle Bird as it is the season when large amounts of migratory birds fly here to avoid the biting cold days in Siberia, Russia.
On the upper reaches of the Songhuajiang River is Northeast China’s largest artificial lake. The temperature of the water stays at around 4-10℃ all year round. This allows Changbai Island to welcome countless migratory birds.
“As long as they choose to stay in this city, there should be people to take care of them. When it becomes difficult to find food in winter, I call for donations or sometimes pay for the food myself to secure their survival during the winter,” Ren said.
Jilin City, which is part of the migratory passage of birds in East Asia, is one of the few warm wetlands in northern China suitable for migratory birds to rest. To improve the environment here, the Chinese government has invested about 26.6 billion yuan for water pollution control and prevention along the Songhuajiang River since 2006.
For Ren, a small house near the riverbank has almost become his “second home”, a place from which he can patrol (巡逻) along the banks, observe birds, educate the public about bird conservation and, after a long day of work, light a fire and enjoy a warm meal.
“I simply want this to be a warm and welcoming place for birds when they choose to stay here for a temporary rest,” he said.
69．Why does Ren Jianguo volunteer to protect migratory birds
A．To keep himself from being bored.
B．To keep the birds from flying away.
C．To keep the birds from going hungry.
D．To keep the environment from being polluted.
70．Why do the birds come to Changbai Island in the winter
A．To eat high-quality corns.
B．To see kind-hearted volunteers.
C．For a cleaner environment.
D．For a better temperature.
71．Which of the following best describes Ren Jianguo’s work
A．Boring. B．Professional.
C．Dangerous. D．Meaningful.
72．What is the best title of this passage
A．The Tale of “Uncle Bird”
B．The Environment of Changbai Island.
C．The Survival of Birds.
D．The Protection of Wetlands.
（22-23高一下·广东·期中）Birds are becoming popular as pets, but unlike owners with more common pets, owners of birds are often not familiar with the behavioural patterns (行为模式) of the animal which allow them to recognise what the pet needs and wants. For example, most of us can recognise the behaviour a dog exhibits when he is hungry or wants attention, but how many of us know how birds go about showing the same feelings
By learning about the behavioural patterns of the bird, his owner can forge a stronger relationship with the pet. Owners can learn how to read birds’ body language, including movements of the eyes, wings, tail and beak (喙). In addition, the sounds the bird makes can also show the mood, desires, and requirements of the pet.
A bird’s eyes are different from a human’s. While both birds and humans have pupils (瞳孔) and irises (虹膜), birds have the ability to control the size of their pupils by enlarging and reducing their irises quickly. This behaviour, flashing, is something birds may do when they are angry, interested, or frightened.
A bird also communicates through the use of his wings. A bird may lift or open his wings as a sign of happiness. But if the bird starts opening and closing his wings, it may signal anger or pain. If a bird fails to fold his wings against his body, and instead lets them hang by his sides, the bird may be ill. Healthy adult birds will typically tuck (折起) their wings against their bodies when they are at rest.
Birds often use their tail feathers to communicate, so an understanding of this behaviour will help the pet’s owner. A bird may move his tail from side to side, called wagging, to express happiness (similar to dogs in behaviour and meaning). Happiness is also the emotion expressed by other kinds of tail movements, such as moving up and down. However, if a bird fans his tail feathers out, it is usually a way to show anger or aggression.
73．What can we know about birds according to Paragraph 1
A．They have little body language.
B．They are easy to escape from owners.
C．They aren’t familiar to their owners.
D．Their behaviour is hard to understand.
74．What does the underlined word “forge” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Develop. B．Miss. C．Pretend. D．Copy.
75．What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph
A．The sounds of birds.
B．The role of the bird’s beak in communication.
C．Tips on feeding a bird as a pet.
D．The birds,habit of singing.
76．Which of the following is the best title
A．The Birds’ Body language B．The Performance of a Bird
C．How to Communicate with Pets D．The Early Bird Catches the Worm
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。就如何成功创办读书俱乐部给出了指导建议。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“The first thing you’ll need is your members. Think carefully about how many people will participate and what the club’s focus will be .(首先需要的是成员。仔细想想有多少人会参加，俱乐部的关注点是什么。)”可知，创办读书俱乐部首要是确定人数规模和关注点。故选C。
2．主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其是根据第一段最后一句“If you’re interested in starting a book club, you should consider the following options and suggestions. (如果你有兴趣创办一个读书俱乐部，你应该考虑以下选项和建议。)”可知，本文就如何创办一个成功的读书俱乐部给出了建议。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“After making the basic preparations, recruitment (招募) can begin. (做好基本准备后，就可以开始招募了。)”可知，创办读书俱乐部，良好的准备是很重要的。故选D。
4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自身经历讲述了社交中弱关系对人很重要，让人有轻松的心态，并带来新的信息和想法。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I wouldn’t describe my choir members as close friends. We exchange brief chats, smiles and jokes but that is enough for me to feel better about the world.（我不会说我的合唱团成员是亲密的朋友。我们简短地聊天、微笑和开玩笑，但这足以让我对这个世界感觉更好。）”可知，在周一晚上的合唱团练习中，与合唱团成员的交流使作者感到快乐。故选D项。
5．主旨大意题。根据第三段“One way to think about any person’s social world is that you have an inner circle of people whom you often talk to and feel close with, and an outer circle of people whom you see sometimes. Mark Granovetter, a sociology professor at Stanford University, named these categories (种类) “strong ties” and “weak ties”.（考虑任何人的社交圈的一种方式是，你有一个内圈的人，你经常和他们交谈，感觉很亲密，还有一个外圈的人，你有时会看到他们。斯坦福大学社会学教授Mark Granovetter将这两类关系命名为“强关系”和“弱关系”。）”可知，
本段说明了“强关系”是社交圈内圈的人，“弱关系”是社交圈外圈的人，围绕什么是“强关系”和“弱关系”展开。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He found that for new information and ideas, weak ties are more important to us than strong ones.（他发现，对于新的信息和想法，弱关系比强关系对我们更重要。）”和“As Granvetter pointed out, the people whom you spend much time with swim in the same pool of information as you do. We depend on friendly outsiders to bring us news of opportunities.（正如Granvetter所指出的，和你一起度过很多时光的人和你一样，都在同一个信息池里游泳。我们依靠友好的圈外人给我们带来机会的消息。）”可知，Granvetter认为弱关系的人际关系带来新的信息和想法。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We can use social media to reach out to people we don’t know well for light, but meaningful communications.（我们可以利用社交媒体与我们不太了解的人进行轻松但有意义的交流。）”可知，作者建议人们在封锁期间可以利用社交媒体结交新的朋友。故选A项。
8．A 9．C 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了温室效应产生的原理、影响以及减少温室效应的方式。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“But, while this helps your plants grow, Earth is trapping heat in the same way, and it’s causing global warming. When fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and gas, are burnt for power, carbon dioxide is released as a waste product. It enters the atmosphere and acts like a blanket around the planet, which means heat radiation can’t escape and the temperature increases.(但是，虽然这有助于植物生长，但地球也以同样的方式吸收热量，并导致全球变暖。当燃烧煤、石油和天然气等化石燃料发电时，二氧化碳会作为废物释放出来。它进入大气层，就像地球周围的毯子一样，这意味着热辐射无法逃逸，温度升高)”可知，第二段解释了温室效应产生的原理。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“The impact of gases on the Earth’s climate was first investigated in the 1820s. Eunice Foote, a scientist and women’s rights activist, tested the effects of sunlight on different gases that she put into glass cylinders. Her results showed that carbon dioxide traps heat more than other gases. The idea of the greenhouse effect was born.(气体对地球气候的影响在19世纪20年代首次被研究。科学家和女权活动家Eunice Foote测试了阳光对不同气体的影响，
她将这些气体放入玻璃圆柱体中。她的研究结果表明，二氧化碳比其他气体更能吸收热量。温室效应的概念由此诞生)”可知，作者想在第三段添加一些背景信息。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The UN recommends using more energy-efficient electrical appliances at home and transforming into LED lightbulbs. Also, by washing your clothes at 30℃instead of a higher temperature, around 40% less electricity is used over a year, according to the Energy Saving Trust. A change in diet is also something to consider.(联合国建议在家中使用更节能的电器，并改用LED灯泡。此外，根据能源节约基金会的数据，在30℃而不是更高的温度下洗衣服，一年内可以节省大约40%的电力。饮食的改变也是需要考虑的)”可知，作者推荐了三种减少温室效应的方法。故选B。
11．词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词后文“saves energy and lowers emissions, which contribute to climate change”以及上文作者提倡做出改变来节约能源减少排放，可知，此处是指改变能源可以节省能源，降低排放，从而有助于气候变化。故划线词意思是“改变”。故选A。
12．B 13．C 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了世界饮用水的安全问题。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段的“He made a speech about the safe drinking water problem in the world.(他做了一个关于世界安全饮用水问题的演讲。)”可知，Christof的演讲主要是关于世界饮用水的安全问题。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Starting in New York City, a team of 21 male and female athletes ran around the clock through 16 countries. It covered 15,200 miles and three continents, 24 hours a day for 9 5 days to deliver the message that measures must be taken to help countries searching for safe drinking water.(从纽约出发，由21名男女运动员组成的队伍24小时跑遍了16个国家。它横跨三大洲，每天24小时，持续95天，行程15200英里，传达了必须采取措施帮助各国寻找安全饮用水的信息。)”可知，从纽约市开始，一支由21名男女运动员组成的队伍昼夜不停地在16个国家进行比赛。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The water crisis does not mean people are dying of thirst. It means that they are drinking water that is not good for them.(水危机并不意味着人们将死于干渴。这意味着他们喝的水对他们不好。)”可知，这名妇女喝的水是脏的，她需要好的饮用水。故选B。
15．推理判断题。第一段的“David Christof, a Marathon runner, visited my school yesterday.(马
拉松运动员David Christof昨天参观了我的学校。)”提到my school，最后一段的“Christof pointed out that students in my school may not worry whether or not the water they are drinking is safe.(Christof指出，我学校的学生可能不会担心他们喝的水是否安全。)”提到students in my school，由此可以推断出，作者是一个学生。故选A。
16．D 17．A 18．C 19．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是当孩子们变成青少年时，陌生的声音会变得比妈妈的声音更有吸引力，这其中是有科学依据的。
16．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt”和“Using such meaningless words(用这些无意义的词语)”可推知，画线词gibberish的意思是“无意义的话”，与nonsense的意思最为接近。故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段“It’s just that unfamiliar voices become more worthy of attention. Here’s why: As kids grow up, they widen their social connections beyond their family. So their brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world.(只是不熟悉的声音变得更值得关注。原因如下：随着孩子的成长，他们扩大了家庭以外的社会关系。所以他们的大脑需要开始更多地关注更广阔的世界。)”可知，青少年对陌生的声音反应更敏感是因为他们需要扩大自己的社交关系。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据第五段“But moms’ voices still have special power, especially in times of stress, a 2011 study with girls showed. Levels of stress dropped when these girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone.(但2011年一项针对女孩的研究显示，母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候。当这些女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的压力水平下降了。)”可推断，对于青少年来说，妈妈的声音让青少年感到安慰。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段““So while both teens and their parents may sometimes feel annoyed, that’s OK,” Abrams says. “This is the way the brain is wired, and there’s a good reason for it.”(Abrams说：“所以，虽然青少年和他们的父母有时会感到恼火，但这没关系。”“这就是大脑的连接方式，这是有充分理由的。”)”可推断，Daniel Abrams认为青少年的声音偏爱的变化是正常且可以理解的。故选B。
20．D 21．B 22．B 23．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的84岁的Janet Fein实现了从大学毕业的人生目
标的励志故事。
20．细节理解题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“She told the AP that Fein never showed signs of giving up even with all of her difficulties.(她告诉美联社，Fein从未表现出放弃的迹象，即使她遇到了所有的困难)”可知，尽管困难重重，Fein没有放弃，故选D。
21．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Carmel Dyer is director of the UTHealth Consortium on Aging at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. She says that keeping active and giving yourself something to look forward to “is just a really positive move”.(Carmel Dyer是休斯敦德克萨斯大学健康科学中心UTHealth老龄化联盟的主任。她说，保持活跃，给自己一些期待“是一个非常积极的举动”)”可知，Carmel Dyer对Fein的态度是赞许的，故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Fein has had a full life.(Fein的人生很充实)”，倒数第四段的“Even with all of her life experiences, she said she enjoyed reading, writing papers and learning new things. “With each class I already knew a lot, but then I also learned a lot. And that made me happy.”(她说，即使经历了这么多生活经历，她还是喜欢阅读、写论文和学习新事物。“每节课我已经知道了很多，但后来我也学到了很多。这让我很开心。”)”和最后一段的“She says Fein has also inspired her. At 53, she plans to begin nursing school to further her career.(她说Fein也激励了她。53岁时，她计划进入护理学校深造)”可知，Fein的一生很充实，而且激励了他人，是有意义的人生，故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Janet Fein is an 84-year-old woman. Last week, she received her bachelor’s degree from The University of Texas at Dallas.(Janet Fein是一位84岁的女性。上周，她获得了德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校的学士学位)”可知，Janet Fein八十多岁了还能获得学士学位，因此从文章中我们可以得知“活到老，学到老”。故选C。
24．D 25．A 26．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了世界上几家不寻常的航空公司。
24．细节理解题。根据Pet Airways部分“In 2012, the airline ran into financial trouble and started canceling flights. It shut down completely the following year, after having ferried about 9,000 pets. (2012年，该航空公司陷入财务困境，开始取消航班。它在运送了大约9000只宠物后，于次年完全关闭。)”可知，宠物航空公司2013年倒闭的。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据JPATS部分“Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System (JPATS) is the largest prison (监狱) transport network in the world. It is an airline of the US government that
transports prisoners to and from detention centers, courts and prisons. (JPATS是世界上最大的监狱运输网络。它是美国政府的一家航空公司，负责运送囚犯往返于拘留中心、法院和监狱。)”可知，JPATS被用作监狱。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据Janet Airlines部分“This area isn’t open to other civilians and there is also a small terminal (航站楼) building for Janet’s passengers. (这个区域不对其他平民开放，还有一座小航站楼供珍妮特的乘客使用。)”可知，珍妮特航空公司的独特之处是它有一个专门的私人航站楼供自己的乘客使用。故选D。
27．A 28．D 29．B 30．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在人工智能领域，一些最大的公司先后宣布了其旗舰和领先的人工智能模型，人工智能技术前景很好、备受关注。
27．细节理解题。由第一段中的“This was a major week in AI (Artificial Intelligence), with some of the largest companies announced its flagship and leading models: GPT-4 from OpenAI’s made its first show to the public, while Google put out its Med-PaLM 2, a new-and-improved medical model etc. Meanwhile, Company Anthropic introduced its ChatGPT competitor Claude API which is a lighter and cheaper. And in China, Tsinghua launched ChatGLM, a chat-based Chinese-English model, in somewhat as a reminder of ChatGPT. (这是人工智能领域的一个重要星期，一些最大的公司宣布了其旗舰和领先的模型：OpenAI的GPT-4首次向公众展示，而谷歌推出了其Med-PaLM 2，一种新的和改进的医学模型等。与此同时，Company Anthropic推出了其ChatGPT竞争对手Claude API，Claude API更轻便、更便宜。在中国，清华大学推出了ChatGLM，这是一种基于聊天的中英文模式，在某种程度上是为了提醒人们注意ChatGPT)”可知，人工智能在这几周发展迅速。故选A项。
28．细节理解题。由第一段中的“This was a major week in AI (Artificial Intelligence), with some of the largest companies announced its flagship and leading models: GPT-4 from OpenAI’s made its first show to the public (这是人工智能领域的一个重要星期，一些最大的公司宣布了其旗舰和领先的模型：OpenAI的GPT-4首次向公众展示)”和第二段中的“November’s release ChatGPT turned AI a breaking news. (2022年11月发布的ChatGPT让人工智能成为了一个突发新闻)”及“Earlier this month, OpenAI came to market for the first time — the ChatGPT. (本月早些时候，OpenAI首次上市——ChatGPT)”可知，ChatGPT和GPT-4都来自于OpenAI，GPT-4是ChatGPT的最新更新的版本。故选D项。
29．推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Demands for policy. As foundation models change rapidly, the demand for AI policy grows as well, which catches the attention of top policymakers across the world, attempting to ensure AI security. In the U.S., Congressman Ted Lieu presented a report calling for AI regulation that was written by ChatGPT, accompanied by a column (专栏) in the New York Times. (政策要求。随着基础模型的快速变化，对人工智能政策的需求也在增长，这引起了世界各地高层决策者的注意，他们试图确保人工智能的安全。在美国，国会议员Ted Lieu提交了一份由ChatGPT撰写的呼吁人工智能监管的报告，并在《纽约时报》上发表了一篇专栏文章)”可知，世界各地高层决策者试图建立确保人工智能安全的政策，美国还提交了呼吁人工智能监管的报告。由此推知，人工智能安全需要更好的政策。故选B项。
30．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“AI will drastically change our lives. Jobs like journalists, lawyers and doctors are facing challenges. (人工智能将彻底改变我们的生活。记者、律师和医生等工作都面临着挑战)”可知，人工智能会极大地改变我们的生活是因为它使有些职业正面临挑战。故选A项。
31．D 32．A 33．B 34．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了人们的音乐品味会随着年龄的增长而变化以及原因。
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