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（22-23高二下·江苏南京·期中）Clothes and covers made of a smart fabric that gives off heat and reflects light could help people and objects that are out in the sun stay several degrees cooler.
Guangming Tao at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, China, and his colleagues developed what they call a “metafabric” (超材料织物) by combining microscopic beads (微珠) and fibres, a chemical substance and a type of plastic, all mixed within larger fibres.
In one test, a volunteer wearing a vest made half of the metafabric and half of cotton sat in a direct sunlight for an hour. The skin temperature under the metafabric rose from around 31°C to 32 °C over that time, while the skin under the cotton rose to around 37°C．
In another test, one car was covered with the metafabric, another with a shop-bought cover and a third was left uncovered. When left in the sun from 11 am to 1 pm, the temperature rose to 60°C in the uncovered car, 57°C in the car with the standard cover and 30°C in the one with the metafabric.
The metafabric is most effective when in contact with the skin. The researchers are focusing on cooling people and objects exposed to direct sunlight, but there would still be a cooling effect in the shade. The team has also developed other cooling fabrics that work in a different way. Instead of blocking infrared (红外线), they are transparent to it. One of the main ways that our bodies lose heat is by giving out infrared, so these fabrics could help keep you cool indoors.
1．How do the researchers prove the effectiveness of the smart fabric
A．By listing figures . B．By comparison.
C．By listing examples. D．By analyzing causes.
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．The car which is covered with the metafabric remains 30 °C in the sun.
B．The standard cover is made of the smart fabric-metafabric.
C．Guangming Tao discovered a new fabric named “metafabric”.
D．The skin temperature under the cotton rose by around 6 °C in one hour.
3．When may the metafabric not be effective according to the text
A．When it is in the shade.
B．When it is in contact with the skin.
C．When it is in direct sunlight.
D．When it is inside the house.
4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text
A．How to Be Cooler in the Sun.
B．A Smart Fabric to Be Developed.
C．Fabric Actively Helps to Keep Wearer Cooler.
D．Metafabric, Symbol of a Green Lifestyle.
（22-23高二下·江苏南京·期中）Long before he became “Chief Twit” of Twitter, Elon Musk had a different obsession: making Teslas drive themselves. Musk has described the Tesla “Full Self-Driving” technology as “the difference between Tesla being worth a lot of money and being worth basically zero,” but his dream of autonomous cars is hitting roadblocks.
In recent weeks, Tesla has recalled and suspended the rollout (推出) of the technology to eligible (具备条件的，合格的) vehicles for fear that its cars could disobey the speed limit and blow through stop signs. Customer complaints have been piling up, including a lawsuit filed in federal court last month claiming that Musk has overstated the technology’s capabilities. And regulators and government officials are scrutinizing Tesla’s system and its past claims as evidence of safety problems mounts.
In interviews, former tesla employees who worked on Tesla’s driver-assistance software attributed the company’s troubles to the rapid pace of development, costcutting measures like Musk’s decision to eliminate radar — which strayed from industry practice — and other problems unique to Tesla. They said Musk’s erratic leadership style also played a role, forcing them to work at a breakneck pace to develop the technology and to push it out to the public before it was ready. Some said they are worried that, even today, the software is not safe to be used on public roads.
Meanwhile, Musk pulled dozens of Tesla engineers to work with code at twitter, the struggling social media platform Musk purchased with fanfare last fall. Earlier this month, after tesla failed to announce a big new product on investor day, the company’s stock sank 6 percent. Musk has defended the company’s actions as long-term bets, with the prospect of unlocking tremendous value, and Tesla has said vehicles in full self-driving crash at a rate at least five times less than vehicles driving normally.
But the story of full Self-driving offers a vivid example of how the world’s richest person has complicated one of his biggest bets through rash decision-making, a stubborn insistence on doing things differently, and unyielding confidence in a vision that has yet to be proven.
5．Why does the author quote Musk in paragraph one
A．To indicate that he is unsatisfied with the current situation.
B．To show that he attaches significance to self-driving.
C．To argue that his obsession is not realistic at all.
D．To introduce his amount of wealth before he became “Chief Twit”.
6．What does the underlined word mean in paragraph2
A．Apply. B．Research. C．Increase. D．Stop.
7．Which of the following statements is wrong about Tesla
A．Musk removed radar in order to cut cost.
B．The technology was far from mature when it was applied.
C．Musk made dozens of Tesla engineers to work day and night to purchase Twitter.
D．Musk pushed employees to work at a very fast and dangerous pace to develop the technology.
8．What’s the author’s attitude towards Musk’s leadership
A．Approving. B．Doubtful.
C．Cautious. D．Indifferent.
（22-23高二下·江苏泰州·期中）Like many people, public speaking once filled me with a sense of fear. As a writer, I felt much more comfortable expressing myself on the page, rather than from central stage. Strangely, I found that the feelings of anxiety were perfectly tolerable. Meanwhile, I tried my best to contain the feelings as I assumed that I’d be judged negatively for any non-verbal(非言语的) signal that showed my lack of confidence. I bet you must have had the same experience as me!
However, according to a striking new study, these concerns may be unreasonable. Jamie Whitehouse, a researcher at Nottingham Trent University in the UK, has shown that visible signs of stress are often appealing, making others like us and treat us warmly.
In 2021 Whitehouse found some initial evidence supporting this idea. Observing a group of 45 rhesus macaques( 恒河猴) in Punta Santiago Puerto Rico, he found that individuals tended to show more nervous scratching when they were around higher-ranking individuals and relative strangers with whom they did not already have a strong social bond. And that, in turn, seemed to change the nature of the interaction -- resulting in gentler behavior from the other monkey.
Inspired by this finding, Whitehouse decided to test whether humans displays of stress might also change individuals’ responses to us -- perhaps through a heart-warming response.
Whitehouse’s team first asked 23 participants to undergo the “Trier Social Stress Test”-- an anxiety-inducing routine in which the participants must undergo a fake job interview, with a three-minute speech about why they are the ideal candidate and an on-the-spot mental arithmetic test.
A further 133 participants were then asked to rate videos of the fake interviews -- with questions about how
stressed the person appeared to be, and how much they liked the person they saw. Psychologsts, meanwhile, counted how many times the participants showed non-verbal signs of stress.
As the researchers had expected, the people rating the videos were able to predict how stressed the interviewees felt, and this seemed to come from those characteristic non-verbal signals. Most importantly, those perceptions then influenced the raters’ judgements of the interviewees’ likeability -- for the better. The more the interviewees showed signs of stress, the more appealing they were to the people watching their videos.
“This tells us that these behaviors are not just functionless by-products of stress, but actually have communicative functions,” Whitehouse says.
9．What can we learn from the author’s experience
A．He can hardly put up with his anxiety.
B．He tends to hide his anxious feelings.
C．He encourages others to express themselves.
D．He is good at comforting someone with anxiety.
10．What did Whitehouse find out about rhesus macaques in his 2021 study
A．Their anxiety could help bring others closer to them.
B．Their anxiety could be easily discovered by humans.
C．They behaved gently around higher-ranking individuals.
D．They showed various non-verbal sigals before stranger.
11．What is the finding of the researchers’ test
A．Showing stress can lead to negative judgements.
B．Showing stress can make people more likeable.
C．People who show stress perform better in the test.
D．People tend to look down upon those who show stress.
12．What is the significance of the study’s results
A．To help us prepare for job interviews.
B．To provide a proper way to deal with stress.
C．To show the value of nervous interviewees.
D．To justify the behaviors caused by stress.
（22-23高二下·江苏泰州·期中）A few years ago, Ruo, a retired esports player of the video game League of Legends, shouted out “Uzi, YYDS”, when watching Uzi, another Chinese professional player, on a live broadcast.
YYDS, the pinyin abbreviation (缩写) of the four-Chinese-character expression, literally meaning “eternal
god”, illustrates one’s feeling for something or someone godlike and exceptional. The abbreviated slang (俚语) reached its peak of popularity at the Tokyo Summer Olympics. Whenever a Chinese player won gold at the Games, the video was filled with YYDS bullet comments.
However the internet slang like “YYDS” has raised concerns among those in education.
Cheng Xudong, an elementary school teacher, says that the evolution of the internet slang is not all fun and carefree. From his daily observations, the boundary between the internet slang and formal language is disappearing, as he has seen that his pupils’ compositions are flooded with abbreviated slangs.
“As a Chinese language teacher, I don’t feel comfortable when I read these abbreviations in their compositions,” he says. “The misuse of homophones (同音异义词) is also causing a big headache, Ya is seen many times intentionally replaced by some pupils using one of the homophones that means ‘duck’,” he adds. “The sentence ‘I am so happy’ literally turns to ‘I am happy duck’ by using the homophone.”
However, many experts and scholars in linguistics believe that internet language is a natural product of the dynamic development of language, and it is not necessary to prohibit it.
The post 80s generation despised the “Martian text (火星文)” used by those of post-90s back then, which replaced Chinese characters with substandard ones of foreign scripts. People who do not know how to use it often need to use an online translator to understand it. It was regarded as brain-disabled characters 10 years ago. But later, interestingly, the Martian text disappeared naturally and no one is using it nowadays.
The evolution of language reflects the development of the times as well as the current social and cultural life psychology. In this sense, it is not that this generation of young people do not speak “well”, but in fact, each generation has a generational style of language, says novelist Ma Boyong, when addressing the phenomenon at an interview.
13．What does the author want to show by mentioning YYDS
A．The extensive use of Chinese internet slang.
B．The negative influence of Chinese internet slang,
C．The use of Chinese internet slang in video games.
D．The misunderstanding about Chinese internet slang.
14．What is a matter of concern according to Cheng Xudong
A．Some of his pupils use the internet slang at will.
B．Some of his pupils cannot distinguish homophones.
C．Some of his pupils cannot express themselves with right words.
D．Some of his pupils make inappropriate changes to the internet slang.
15．What does the underlined word “despised” in the last but one paragraph probably mean
A．Thought highly of. B．Kept up with.
C．Looked down upon. D．Looked forward to.
16．What does Ma Boyong think of Chinese internet slang
A．Misleading. B．Meaningless. C．Beneficial. D．Acceptable.
（22-23高二下·江苏泰州·期中）Whenever Alyssa Bohart heard a voice from her computer repeatedly- status alert, status alert—the search was on. The warning came from a radar device installed in Churchill, Manitoba—a modified (改进的) military system programmed with artificial intelligence (AI) and trained to detect polar bears.
Over the past four years, the nonprofit Polar Bears International (PBI) has led radar, or “bear-dar”, tests to hopefully help northern communities stay safe. Polar bears are powerful predators, and for people in the Arctic, an essential part of coexisting with bears is maintaining a respectful distance. But with climate changes reducing sea ice, polar bears conflicts are spending more time on land. The chances of polar bears and humans conflicts are increasing, which can have terrible consequences for both parties.
The project came into being when PBI was looking for new ways to prevent human-polar bear conflicts. A chance meeting with SpotterRF, a company that makes military radar devices, gave them an idea: maybe they could use the radar system to detect polar bears heading toward towns and send out an early warning.
In their initial tests, the researchers discovered that “the technology works great”, says Geoff York, FBI’s senior director of conservation. “If anything, it detects too much.” The radar turned out to send thousands of motion alerts. So in 2020, the team turned to AI to try to narrow down the hits. “By incorporating this AI, we are truly teaching this radar to learn what a polar bear is,” says Alysa McCall, a staff scientist with PBI.
This past fall, the team positively identified 28 polar bears and had 89 alerts that didn’t turn out to be bears. McCall says their goals is to have more positive identifications than negative. In rare events, the team noticed polar bears, either on the camera or in person, that the bear-dar didn’t identify. In those cases, the two most confusing variables for the bear-dar were variations in the bears’ sizes, and the direction the bears were walking in relation to the radar. “We are not quite there yet. But I think the results have proved we have a good direction of where to go with the AI,” says MeCall.
17．What is PBI trying to do
A．To provide new homes for polar bears.
B．To help humans stay away from polar bears.
C．To protect polar bears with advanced technology.
D．To look into the cause of human-polar bear conflicts.
18．What was the problem with PBI’s initial radar system
A．It was often damaged by polar bears.
B．It cost too much money to operate well.
C．It sent out unnecessary warning signals.
D．It needed much time to find the target.
19．How did McCall feel about the test results
A．Hopeless. B．disappointed. C．Concerned. D．satisfied.
20．What can be the best title of the text
A．AI does a great job in polar bear conservation
B．Climate change intensifies human-bear conflicts
C．Bear-dar warns humans of approaching polar bears
D．Polar bears pose a big threat to northern communities
（22-23高二下·江苏连云港·期中）ChatGPT is an advanced AI chatbot trained by OpenAI which interacts in a conversational way. The dialogue form makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer followup questions, admit its mistakes, challenge incorrect places, and reject improper requests.
It has reached 100 million users just two months after launching, according to analysts. ChatGPT has taken the world by storm since it launched last November. The AI chatbot answers questions online in text format in a human-like way, and it can also write its responses in different styles, for example, that of a student writing an essay.
GPT technology can help people write code quickly and accurately with the help of natural language. GPT can take a text prompt and generate code that is tailored to the given task. This technology has the potential to cut down development time, as it can generate code quickly and accurately. It can also help reduce the risk of errors, as GPT is capable of generating code that can be tested and used immediately.
Some teachers are worried about how many of their pupils are using it to do their homework and have written to parents warning them about it. Others say they can spot its essay, and there are now tools being released which claim to be able to differentiate (区别) human text from that written by artificial intelligence.
But the cat is out of the bag, and now the International Baccalaureate (IB国际文凭课程) says its students can take advantage of the tech, just like using a calculator to work out a maths problem, as long as they admit to it by both crediting ChatGPT in the text and adding a reference note at the end.
Good news for students, but ChatGPT’s knowledge database only goes up to September 2021, so it’s not very useful on topical subjects, and, as it gets its information from the internet, it can also be inaccurate.
21．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The potential of ChatGPT. B．How to use ChatGPT.
C．The benefits of ChatGPT. D．How to generate code.
22．Why do some teachers write to parents
A．ChatGPT makes academic to be honest.
B．ChatGPT can write without recognition.
C．The content of ChatGPT are entirely new.
D．Many pupils use ChatGPT to do homework.
23．What can we know from what IB says about ChatGPT
A．It can be used under certain conditions.
B．Teachers can tell human text from that by AI.
C．Its knowledge database is updated to this day.
D．Pupils use it to do homework without thinking.
24．What is the author’s attitude towards students’ using ChatGPT
A．Subjective. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Objective.
（2023高二下·江苏镇江·期中）Although a few recreational snowmobilers (驾驶摩托雪橇者) destroy ecosystems as they ride through the wilderness, most snowmobilers love and respect America’s natural heritage. That’s why they brave the cold to explore what is left of wild America — including Yellowstone National Park. Unfortunately these snowmobilers are unconsciously damaging what they love. Because snowmobiles in the park not only create both air and noise pollution but also strains (使紧张) the already tight budget of the park service, recreational snowmobiles should be banned from Yellowstone National Park.
It may be hard to imagine that about 1,000 snowmobiles a day could lead to air pollution in a park half the size of Connecticut, but in fact they can. In addition to polluting the air, snowmobiles are noisy, disturbing the peace and silence that park visitors have a right to expect. One study reports that twelve snowmobiles traveling together could be heard as far as two miles away. Such noise affects the park’s wildlife.
Funds that should be used to preserve Yellowstone National Park and its wildlife have been used to deal with the snowmobile issue. Also, park rangers are spending an increasing amount of their valuable time policing snowmobilers, which takes away from park rangers’ primary responsibility—preserving this country’s treasured natural resources.
Opponents of a ban argue that a central mission of the park service is to provide access to national parks. Admittedly, winter access is important, but ordinary people can enjoy the park by means other than snowmobiles.
Also, the park service’s mission is not just to provide access to the parks; no less important is its mission to preserve the parks’ pristine natural resources for future generations.
Even with a ban on snowmobiling in the park itself, the Yellowstone area would still earn the title of Snowmobiling Capital of America. All of the streets of West Yellowstone, the area’s major town, are open to snowmobilers, and many trails run out of the town. As to Yellowstone National Park, a ban on snowmobiles would allow the park service to devote more of its limited resources to one of its primary missions: the protection of natural resources. Visitors would still be able to appreciate Yellowstone’s beauty— its geysers, its wildlife, and its snow-covered vistas —throughout the park’s long winter.
25．What can we learn about most snowmobilers from paragraph 1
A．They enjoy winter adventures. B．They try to reduce water pollution.
C．They make a lot of money by snowmobiling. D．They have destroyed the hottest snowmobling spot.
26．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．Effects of air pollution. B．Measures of wildlife protection.
C．Rights expected by visitors. D．Problems caused by snowmobiles.
27．What is the primary responsibility of park rangers
A．Solving snowmobile issues. B．Providing access to the park.
C．Protecting natural resources. D．Collecting funds for the park.
28．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Preserving Yellowstone’s winter wilderness
B．Solving financial problems of national parks
C．Improving the service of Yellowstone National Park
D．Exploring popular snowmobile destinations this winter
（2023高二下·江苏镇江·期中）Stroke(中风) survivors often struggle with manipulating objects. They lose the sensation (知觉) in their hands and fingers, which is the usual impairment(损伤) they experience daily. This condition affects their activities and lowers the quality of their lives to an extent. As a solution to this problem, a group of scientists from the UK’s University of Hertfordshire has developed a special touchpad that can allow them to feel once again.
In an article by E&T, the University of Hertfordshire researchers have created a unique invention that can bring back the sense of touch among stroke survivors. This particular device is capable of sending tiny vibrations(振动) to the patient’s fingertips. This will give life to the brain cells so they can function once again and restore the sensation of the limbs.
If the survivor wears this device, they could now normally function as before. They can do tasks on their own without asking for help from other people. “Improvement in touch sensation should lead to them being able to sense that they are holding hands. That definitely should be possible,” Dr. Am it Pujari, the inventor of the device, said.
During the British Science Festival, the device developer urged the participants to tell if they had sensations on their hands while the tool was placed. The trial lasted for 10 minutes. The researchers found that 20 to 40%of them have shown an improved sensation in their limbs.
Besides enhancing the patient's movements, the test proved that it could also be a huge help in improving a patient's mental well-being. The study is expected to undergo a peer review in the future. The experts are still wondering about the device's impact in the long run. They also want to tackle how effective it is for patients who suffer from stroke.
29．What’s the function of the special touchpad
A．Increasing stroke survivors' brain cells.
B．Changing the way stroke survivors seize objects.
C．Helping stroke survivors regain the sense of touch.
D．Monitoring the life quality of stroke survivors.
30．What does “That” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Preventing stroke. B．Restoring the sensation of hands.
C．Turning to others for help. D．Wearing the special device.
31．What can we learn about the special device
A．It has undergone a peer review.
B．It cures stroke immediately.
C．It helps improve patients' mental health.
D．It has produced long-term impact on patients.
32．What can be inferred about the outcome of the 10-minute trial
A．It’s negative. B．It’s typical.
C．It’s encouraging. D．It’s disappointing.
（2023高二下·江苏镇江·期中）In 1937, legendary photographer Bradford Wash bum abandoned hundreds of pounds of camera gear(设备), surveying equipment, and supplies when her an into bad weather while exploring Canada’s icy Yukon region.
In late April 2022, professional big-mountain skier Griffin Post set out on a three-week expedition (探险) on
to the glacier — located within Canada’s Kluane National Park and Reserve — along with other adventurers and scientists, to hunt down the location of the cameras.
Dora Medrzycka, a University of Ottawa glaciologist, was selected to travel to the site and map out the glacier, to determine where the gear could have moved overtime. A team of glaciologists at the University of Ottawa helped the expedition remotely.
Upon arriving to the region, the team searched on foot, ski, and snowboard. “We had an idea of where to start looking, but nothing very precise,” Medrzycka said, adding, “We covered a lot of kilometers walking up and down the glacier. We couldn’t see it anywhere.
Towards the end of the trip, Medrzycka came up with a new theory about where the items might be located. Glaciers typically move at a constant rate from year to year, but Walsh Glacier is a rare “surging” (急剧上升的) glacier, she said, meaning it moves faster for a year or two every few decades.
She noticed piles of debris (碎片) had traveled the glacier’s entire length, which she believed was caused by the surge. That clued her in on how and when the glacier had flowed in the past.
The observation allowed her to calculate a new estimate of where the items might be, which was three or four miles further down the valley and approximately 14 miles away from the spot where Wash bum had left them. “It was an epic moment for everyone,” Medrzycka said.
Available scientific data on glacial movement only dates back to the 1960s.With this finding, scientists might gain a new understanding of long-term changes to Walsh Glacier.
33．Why did Griffin Post set out for the glacier in late April 2022
A．To explore Kluane National Park and Reserve.
B．To find out the exact position of the cameras.
C．To follow the footsteps of Bradford Washburn.
D．To learn from other adventurers and scientists.
34．Which of the following best describes the three-week expedition
A．Tough but fruitful. B．Boring but meaningful.
C．Attractive and exciting. D．Stressful and frightening.
35．Which of the following contributes most to the success of the team
A．The average rate of glacier movements.
B．Precise information about the starting point.
C．Technical assistance from the University of Ottawa.
D．Medrzycka’s innovative glacial mapping processes.
36．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．The surge of Walsh Glacier dates from the 1960s.
B．The flow of Walsh Glacier has stopped since 1960.
C．The finding might offer a further insight into glacial movement.
D．The finding showed the unchanging landscape of glaciers.
（22-23高二下·江苏徐州·期中）We all follow pretty much the same pattern with any skill we learn, from baking a pie to writing a descriptive paragraph. We typically start with a general idea and receive instruction before practicing to reach an acceptable level of performance, and then let it become automatic. However, once we reach this point, we often stop improving. People often misunderstand this because they assume that their continued baking or writing is a form of practice and that they are bound to get better at it as long as they keep doing it.
Research has shown that additional years of “practice” may not lead to improvement and can even result in a decline in performance. So what do you need if you are not satisfied with this automated level of performance Purposeful practice turns out to be a successful approach.
Purposeful practice has several characteristics that set it apart from what we might call “naive practice, ” which is essentially just doing something repeatedly, and expecting that the repetition alone will improve one’s performance.
First of all, purposeful practice has well-defined, specific goals. It is all about putting a bunch of baby steps together to reach a longer-term goal.
Furthermore, purposeful practice involves feedback. You have to know whether you are doing something right and, if not, how you may be going about it the wrong way. Without feedback—either from yourself or from outside observers—you cannot figure out what you need to improve on or how close you are to achieving your goals.
Purposeful practice also requires getting out of one’s comfort zone, which means trying to do something that you couldn’t do before. This is perhaps the most important part of purposeful practice. Sometimes you may find it easy to accomplish that new thing, and then you keep pushing on. At other times, however, you run into something that stops you cold. The best way to get past any barrier is to come at it from a different direction, which is one reason why it is useful to work with a teacher or coach.
37．What is the author’s attitude towards aimless continued practice
A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Indifferent. D．Unclear.
38．What does the word “naive practice” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Practice that involves specific goals and feedback.
B．Practice repeatedly will improve one’s performance.
C．Practice that involves getting out of one’s comfort zone.
D．Practice that is only about repetition without improvement goals.
39．What does the last paragraph imply
A．Feedback is not necessary for purposeful practice.
B．Purposeful practice involves getting out of one’s comfort zone.
C．Purposeful practice requires a teacher or coach to help overcome barriers.
D．Purposeful practice involves doing something repeatedly without specific goals.
40．Which is the best title for the text
A．The Shortcut to Success B．Not All Practice Makes Perfect
C．Automation Makes Satisfaction D．The Challenges of Learning a New Skill
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型材料，可以使人体或物体降温。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段“In one test, a volunteer wearing a vest made half of the metafabric and half of cotton sat in a direct sunlight for an hour. The skin temperature under the metafabric rose from around 31°C to 32°C over that time, while the skin under the cotton rose to around 37°C.(在一项测试中，一名志愿者穿着一半由元纤维和一半由棉花制成的背心，在阳光直射下坐了一个小时。在此期间，超织物下的皮肤温度从大约31°C上升到32°C，而棉质下的皮肤温度上升到大约37°C)”以及第四段“In another test, one car was covered with the metafabric, another with a shop-bought cover and a third was left uncovered. When left in the sun from 11 am to 1 pm, the temperature rose to 60°C in the uncovered car, 57°C in the car with the standard cover and 30°C in the one with the metafabric.(在另一项测试中，一辆车被这种超织物覆盖，另一辆车用商店买的覆盖物覆盖，第三辆车没有覆盖。当从上午11点到下午1点在太阳下暴晒时，无盖汽车的温度上升到60°C，标准盖汽车的温度上升到57°C，超织物汽车的温度上升到30°C)”可知，两项测试中均进行了比较试验，证明了这种新型材料的有效性。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The skin temperature under the metafabric rose from around 31°C to 32 °C over that time, while the skin under the cotton rose to around 37°C.(在此期间，超织物下的皮肤温度从31°C左右上升到32°C，而棉花下的皮肤温度上升到37°C左右)”可知，C选项“棉衣下皮肤温度在一小时内上升了约6°C”正确。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The metafabric is most effective when in contact with the skin. The researchers are focusing on cooling people and objects exposed to direct sunlight, but there would still be a cooling effect in the shade.(当与皮肤接触时，超织物是最有效的。研究人员专注于给暴露在阳光直射下的人和物体降温，但在阴凉处仍然会有降温效果)”可知，四个选项中只有D项“When it is inside the house.(当它在房子里的时候)”未提及，所以当超织物在房子里的时候可能没有降温效果，故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Clothes and covers made of a smart fabric that gives off heat and reflects light could help people and objects that are out in the sun stay several degrees cooler.(由一种智能面料制成的衣服和覆盖物可以散发热量并反射光，可以帮助人们和物体在阳光下保持几度的凉爽)”可知，文章主要介绍了一种新型材料，可以使人体或物体降温。
故C选项“织物能有效地帮助穿着者保持凉爽”是最佳标题。故选C。
5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述特斯拉召回并暂停了在符合条件的车辆上推出 “全自动驾驶”技术以及背后的原因。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Musk has described the Tesla ‘Full Self-Driving’ technology as ‘the difference between Tesla being worth a lot of money and being worth basically zero,’ (Musk将特斯拉的‘全自动驾驶’技术描述为‘特斯拉值很多钱和基本上一文不值的区别’)”可知，Musk认为“全自动驾驶”技术能让特斯拉价值连城，故此处引用他的话是为了表明他非常重视这项技术。故选B。
6．词义猜测题。画线词和recalled“召回”是并列关系，结合画线词后“for fear that its cars could disobey the speed limit and blow through stop signs (担心它的汽车可能会违反速度限制，冲过停车标志)”可知，此处指“特斯拉召回并暂停了在符合条件的车辆上推出这项技术”，suspended意为“停止”，故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Meanwhile, Musk pulled dozens of Tesla engineers to work with code at twitter, the struggling social media platform Musk purchased with fanfare last fall. (与此同时，Musk召集了数十名特斯拉工程师，在twitter上编写代码)”可知，C项“Musk让数十名特斯拉工程师夜以继日地工作，收购Twitter”说法错误。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But the story of full Self-driving offers a vivid example of how the world’s richest person has complicated one of his biggest bets through rash decision-making, a stubborn insistence on doing things differently, and unyielding confidence in a vision that has yet to be proven. (但‘全自动驾驶’的故事生动地展示了这位世界上最富有的人是如何通过轻率的决策、固执地坚持以不同的方式做事、以及对尚未得到证实的愿景的坚定信心，把他最大的赌注之一复杂化的)”可知，作者对Musk的领导能力持怀疑态度，故选B。
9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过研究和实验证明了压力导致的行为在人际交往方面有积极的意义——在人际关系中表现出焦虑和压力的人更讨人喜欢。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段第四句“Meanwhile, I tried my best to contain the feelings as I assumed that I’d be judged negatively for any non-verbal(非言语的) signal that showed my lack
of confidence.”（与此同时，我尽力控制自己的情绪，因为我认为任何非语言的信号都会让我受到负面的评价，因为这表明我缺乏自信。）可知，作者认为任何非语言的信号都会让他遭受负面的评价，所以他会有意地隐藏自己的焦虑情绪。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句第三句“Observing a group of 45 rhesus macaques( 恒河猴) in Punta Santiago Puerto Rico, he found that individuals tended to show more nervous scratching when they were around higher-ranking individuals and relative strangers with whom they did not already have a strong social bond. And that, in turn, seemed to change the nature of the interaction -- resulting in gentler behavior from the other monkey.”（他在波多黎各圣地亚哥蓬塔观察了一组45只恒河猴，发现当它们和地位更高的猕猴以及相对陌生的猕猴在一起时，它们往往会表现出更多紧张的抓挠。反过来，这似乎改变了互动的性质—导致另一只猴子的行为更温和。）可知，恒河猴紧张的抓挠行为使得对方会更温和地对待它，使他们的关系更加亲密。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据第七段最后一句“The more the interviewees showed signs of stress, the more appealing they were to the people watching their videos.”（受访者表现出的压力越多，他们对观看他们视频的人就越有吸引力。）可知，研究表明一个人展现出的压力越多，就越受人喜欢。故选B项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This tells us that these behaviors are not just functionless by-products of stress, but actually have communicative functions”（这告诉我们，这些行为不仅仅是压力的无功能副产品，实际上也具有交流功能）可知，这些由压力导致的行为在人际交流方面有积极的意义，而非一无是处，研究结果对这些行为的合理性做出了解释。故选D项。
13．A 14．A 15．C 16．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了网络俚语被广泛使用的现象以及不同人群对此的态度。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“A few years ago, Ruo, a retired esports player of the video game League of Legends, shouted out ‘Uzi, YYDS’, when watching Uzi, another Chinese professional player, on a live broadcast.(几年前，曾在电子游戏《英雄联盟》工作的退役电竞选手Ruo在观看另一名中国职业选手Uzi的直播时，大喊‘Uzi, YYDS’)”和第二段中“The abbreviated slang (俚语) reached its peak of popularity at the Tokyo Summer Olympics. Whenever a Chinese player
won gold at the Games, the video was filled with YYDS bullet comments.(这种缩写的俚语在东京夏季奥运会上达到了流行的顶峰。每当中国运动员在奥运会上获得金牌时，视频里就充斥着YYDS的子弹评论)”可知，作者提到YYDS是为了表明中文网络俚语的广泛使用。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“From his daily observations, the boundary between the internet slang and formal language is disappearing, as he has seen that his pupils’ compositions are flooded with abbreviated slangs.(从他的日常观察来看，网络俚语和正式语言之间的界限正在消失，因为他看到他的学生的作文中充斥着缩写俚语)”可知，Cheng Xudong的担忧是他的一些学生随意使用网络俚语，故选A。
15．词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“It was regarded as brain-disabled characters 10 years ago.(它在10年前被认为是脑残文)”可推知，画线词所在句意为：80后瞧不起90后使用的“火星文”，火星文是用不合格的外国文字代替汉字，despised意为“鄙视，看不起”。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“In this sense, it is not that this generation of young people do not speak ‘well’, but in fact, each generation has a generational style of language, says novelist Ma Boyong, when addressing the phenomenon at an interview.(小说家马伯庸在接受采访时谈到这一现象时表示，从这个意义上说，并不是这一代年轻人说得不‘好’，而是事实上，每一代人都有自己的语言风格)”可知，马伯庸认为每一代人都有自己的语言风格，所以他认为中文网络俚语是可接受的，故选D。
17．B 18．C 19．D 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了PBI利用一个名为bear-dar的人工智能报警系统提醒人类正在靠近北极熊，以此让人类和北极熊保持安全距离。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Polar bears are powerful predators, and for people in the Arctic, an essential part of coexisting with bears is maintaining a respectful distance. (北极熊是强大的捕食者，对北极地区的人们来说，与熊共存的一个重要部分是保持尊重的距离)”和第三段的“The project came into being when PBI was looking for new ways to prevent human-polar bear conflicts.(该项目是在PBI寻找防止人类与北极熊冲突的新方法时产生的)”可知，PBI努力帮助人类与北极熊保持安全距离，即让人类远离北极熊。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段的““If anything, it detects too much.” The radar turned out to send thousands of motion alerts. (“如果有什么不足的话，那就是它探测到的太多了。”雷达发出了数千个运动警报)”可知，PBI最初的雷达系统的问题是它发出了太多不必要的警告信号。故
选C。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段的““We are not quite there yet. But I think the results have proved we have a good direction of where to go with the AI,” says MeCall.(MeCall说：“我们还没有完全达到目标。但我认为结果已经证明，我们在人工智能方面有一个很好的方向。”)”推知，MeCall对测试结果是满意的。故选D。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Whenever Alyssa Bohart heard a voice from her computer repeatedly- status alert, status alert—the search was on. The warning came from a radar device installed in Churchill, Manitoba—a modified (改进的) military system programmed with artificial intelligence (AI) and trained to detect polar bears.(每当 Alyssa Bohart反复听到电脑里的声音——状态警报，状态警报——搜索就开始了。警报来自安装在曼尼托巴省丘吉尔的雷达装置——一个经过人工智能编程的改良军用系统，经过训练可以探测北极熊)”可知，本文主要介绍了PBI利用一个名为bear-dar的人工智能报警系统提醒人类正在靠近北极熊，以此让人类和北极熊保持安全距离。因此C项“Bear-dar警告人类接近北极熊”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
21．C 22．D 23．A 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了ChatGPT的功能及其带来的影响，同时也分析了其存在的弊端。
21．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“GPT technology can help people write code quickly and accurately with the help of natural language.(GPT 技术可以帮助人们在自然语言的帮助下快速准确地编写代码)”以及尾句“It can also help reduce the risk of errors, as GPT is capable of generating code that can be tested and used immediately.(它还可以帮助降低出错的风险，因为 GPT 能够生成可以立即测试和使用的代码)”可知，本段主要讲述的是ChatGPT的好处。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Some teachers are worried about how many of their pupils are using it to do their homework and have written to parents warning them about it.(一些老师担心有多少学生用它来做家庭作业，并写信给家长警告他们)”可知，老师们写信告知家长以防学生使用ChatGPT做作业。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But the cat is out of the bag, and now the International Baccalaureate(IB国际文凭课程) says its students can take advantage of the tech, just like using a
calculator to work out a maths problem, as long as they admit to it by both crediting ChatGPT in the text and adding a reference note at the end.(但是，纸里包不住火，现在，国际文凭协会(IB)表示，他们的学生可以利用这项技术，就像使用计算器解决数学问题一样，只要他们承认在文本中使用ChatGPT，并在末尾添加参考说明)”可知，IB允许学生使用chatGPT，只要他们承认使用了ChatGPT并在最后参考文献中说明，即IB允许学生在一定条件下使用chatGPT。故选A项。
24．推理判断题。根据尾段“Good news for students, but ChatGPT’s knowledge database only goes up to September 2021, so it’s not very useful on topical subjects, and, as it gets its information from the internet, it can also be inaccurate.(这对学生来说是个好消息，但ChatGPT的知识库只到2021年9月，所以它对热门话题不是很有用，而且，由于它从互联网上获取信息，它也可能不准确)”可知，作者认为IB允许学生在一定条件下可以使用ChatGPT是好消息，但也指出，其知识库更新没那么及时，对热门话题不使用，由此可知，作者是客观地对待学生使用ChatGPT。故选D项。
25．A 26．D 27．C 28．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了驾驶摩托雪橇者喜欢在冬季去探索美国国家公园，这导致了许多问题，护林员不得不花费时间来监管雪地摩托车。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段“Although a few recreational snowmobilers (驾驶摩托雪橇者) destroy ecosystems as they ride through the wilderness, most snowmobilers love and respect America’s natural heritage. That’s why they brave the cold to explore what is left of wild America — including Yellowstone National Park.(虽然一些休闲的雪地车在穿越荒野时破坏了生态系统，但大多数雪地车都热爱并尊重美国的自然遗产。这就是为什么他们冒着寒冷去探索剩下的野生美国——包括黄石国家公园)”可知，大多数驾驶摩托雪橇者喜欢冬天的冒险。故选A。
26．主旨大意题。根据第二段“It may be hard to imagine that about 1,000 snowmobiles a day could lead to air pollution in a park half the size of Connecticut, but in fact they can. In addition to polluting the air, snowmobiles are noisy, disturbing the peace and silence that park visitors have a right to expect. One study reports that twelve snowmobiles traveling together could be heard as far as two miles away. Such noise affects the park’s wildlife.(也许很难想象，在一个面积只有康涅狄格州一半大的公园里，每天大约1000辆雪地摩托会导致空气污染，但事实上它们可以。
除了污染空气外，雪地摩托还很吵，扰乱了公园游客有权期待的和平与宁静。一项研究报告称，12辆雪地车一起行驶，两英里外都能听到。这样的噪音影响了公园里的野生动物)”可知，第二段主要讲了雪地摩托造成的问题。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, park rangers are spending an increasing amount of their valuable time policing snowmobilers, which takes away from park rangers’ primary responsibility—preserving this country’s treasured natural resources.(此外，公园护林员花费越来越多的宝贵时间来监管雪地摩托，这剥夺了公园护林员的主要责任——保护这个国家珍贵的自然资源)”可知，护林员的主要责任是保护自然资源。故选C。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Although a few recreational snowmobilers (驾驶摩托雪橇者) destroy ecosystems as they ride through the wilderness, most snowmobilers love and respect America’s natural heritage. That’s why they brave the cold to explore what is left of wild America —including Yellowstone National Park. Unfortunately these snowmobilers are unconsciously damaging what they love. Because snowmobiles in the park not only create both air and noise pollution but also strains (使紧张) the already tight budget of the park service, recreational snowmobiles should be banned from Yellowstone National Park.(虽然一些休闲的雪地车在穿越荒野时破坏了生态系统，但大多数驾驶摩托雪橇者都热爱并尊重美国的自然遗产。这就是为什么他们冒着寒冷去探索剩下的野生美国——包括黄石国家公园。不幸的是，这些雪地摩托正在无意识地破坏他们所热爱的东西。因为公园里的雪地车不仅造成空气和噪音污染，而且使公园管理部门本已紧张的预算更加紧张，所以娱乐性的雪地车应该被禁止进入黄石国家公园)”结合文章主要说明了驾驶摩托雪橇者喜欢在冬季去探索美国国家公园，这导致了许多问题，护林员不得不花费时间来监管雪地摩托车。故A选项“保护黄石公园的冬季荒野”最符合文章标题。故选A。
29．C 30．B 31．C 32．C
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了英国赫特福德大学的一组科学家开发了一种特殊的触摸板，可以帮助中风患者恢复触觉。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In an article by E&T, the University of Hertfordshire researchers have created a unique invention that can bring back the sense of touch among stroke survivors.(在E&T的一篇文章中，赫特福德大学的研究人员创造了一项独特的发明，可以让中风幸存者恢复触觉)”可知，这个特殊的触摸板可以帮助中风幸存者恢复触觉。故选C
项。
30．词句猜测题。划线词为that，代指前文提到的事，所以根据第三段中“Improvement in touch sensation should lead to them being able to sense that they are holding hands.(触觉的改善应该会使他们能够感觉到他们在牵手)”可知，“That”指的是恢复手的感觉。故选B项。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Besides enhancing the patient's movements, the test proved that it could also be a huge help in improving a patient's mental well-being. The study is expected to undergo a peer review in the future. The experts are still wondering about the device's impact in the long run. They also want to tackle how effective it is for patients who suffer from stroke.(除了增强病人的运动能力外，这项测试还证明，它对改善病人的心理健康也有很大的帮助。这项研究预计将在未来接受同行评审。专家们仍对该设备的长期影响感到疑惑。他们还想研究它对中风患者的疗效)”可知，这个特殊装置有助于改善病人的心理健康。故选C项。
32．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The trial lasted for 10 minutes. The researchers found that 20 to 40%of them have shown an improved sensation in their limbs.(审判持续了10分钟。研究人员发现，其中20%到40%的人四肢感觉有所改善)”可推知，有20%到40%的人四肢感觉有所改善，所以结果是令人鼓舞的。故选C项。
33．B 34．A 35．D 36．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Medrzycka专业高山滑雪运动员Griffin Post与其他冒险家和科学家一起，开始了为期三周的探险，前往位于加拿大克鲁恩国家公园和保护区的冰川，寻找摄像机的位置。寻找过程中Medrzycka提出了一个关于这些物品可能被放置的新理论，这一观察有助于他们找到这些东西。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“In late April 2022, professional big-mountain skier Griffin Post set out on a three-week expedition (探险) on to the glacier — located within Canada’s Kluane National Park and Reserve — along with other adventurers and scientists, to hunt down the location of the cameras.(2022年4月下旬，专业高山滑雪运动员Griffin Post与其他冒险家和科学家一起，开始了为期三周的探险，前往位于加拿大克鲁恩国家公园和保护区的冰川，寻找摄像机的位置)”可知，Griffin Post在2022年4月下旬出发前往冰川因为找出摄像机的确切位置。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段““We had an idea of where to start looking, but nothing very precise,” Medrzycka said, adding, “We covered a lot of kilometers walking up and down the
glacier. We couldn’t see it anywhere.”(Medrzycka说：“我们对从哪里开始寻找有了一个想法，但没有非常精确的想法，”并补充说，“我们在冰川上下行走了很多公里。我们哪儿都看不到它”)”以及倒数第二段“The observation allowed her to calculate a new estimate of where the items might be, which was three or four miles further down the valley and approximately 14 miles away from the spot where Wash bum had left them.“It was an epic moment for everyone,” Medrzycka said.(这一观察让她对这些东西可能的位置进行了新的估计，那是在山谷下游三四英里的地方，距离沃什布恩留下它们的地方大约14英里。“这对每个人来说都是一个史诗般的时刻，”梅德兹卡说)”可推知，这次为期三周的探险艰苦但富有成效。故选A。
35．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The observation allowed her to calculate a new estimate of where the items might be, which was three or four miles further down the valley and approximately 14 miles away from the spot where Wash bum had left them. “It was an epic moment for everyone,” Medrzycka said.(这一观察让她对这些东西可能的位置进行了新的估计，那是在山谷下游三四英里的地方，距离沃什布恩留下它们的地方大约14英里。“这对每个人来说都是一个史诗般的时刻，”Medrzycka说)”可知，Medrzycka的创新冰川制图过程对团队的成功贡献最大。故选D。
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Available scientific data on glacial movement only dates back to the 1960s.With this finding, scientists might gain a new understanding of long-term changes to Walsh Glacier.(关于冰川运动的现有科学数据只能追溯到20世纪60年代。有了这一发现，科学家们可能对沃尔什冰川的长期变化有了新的认识)”可知，这一发现可能提供对冰川运动的进一步了解。故选C。
37．B 38．D 39．C 40．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了漫无目的的重复练习可能不会带来进步，甚至可能导致表现下降，而有目的的练习才可以提高。文章还介绍了有目的的练习的几个特点。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“People often misunderstand this because they assume that their continued baking or writing is a form of practice and that they are bound to get better at it as long as they keep doing it.(人们经常误解这一点，因为他们认为持续的烘焙或写作是一种练习，只要他们坚持做下去，他们一定会做得更好)”以及第二段“Research has shown that additional years of “practice” may not lead to improvement and can even result in a decline in performance.(研究表明，额外的多年“练习”可能不会带来进步，甚至可能导致表现下降)”可推知，作者对漫无
目的的继续练习是否定态度。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据画线词后文“which is essentially just doing something repeatedly, and expecting that the repetition alone will improve one’s performance”可推知，“原始练习”本质上只是重复做某件事，并期望重复本身会提高一个人的表现。故第3段中的“原始练习”指的是“只有重复而没有提高目标的练习”。故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Purposeful practice also requires getting out of one’s comfort zone, which means trying to do something that you couldn’t do before. This is perhaps the most important part of purposeful practice. Sometimes you may find it easy to accomplish that new thing, and then you keep pushing on. At other times, however, you run into something that stops you cold. The best way to get past any barrier is to come at it from a different direction, which is one reason why it is useful to work with a teacher or coach.(有目的的练习也需要走出一个人的舒适区，这意味着尝试做一些你以前不能做的事情。这也许是有目的练习中最重要的部分。有时候你可能会发现完成新事物很容易，然后你继续前进。然而，在其他时候，你会遇到一些让你措手不及的事情。克服任何障碍的最好方法是从不同的方向出发，这就是为什么与老师或教练一起工作很有用的一个原因)”可推知，最后一段暗示了有目的的练习需要老师或教练帮助克服障碍。故选C。
40．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Research has shown that additional years of “practice” may not lead to improvement and can even result in a decline in performance. So what do you need if you are not satisfied with this automated level of performance Purposeful practice turns out to be a successful approach.(研究表明，额外的多年“练习”可能不会带来进步，甚至可能导致表现下降。那么，如果您对这种自动化的性能水平不满意，您需要什么呢？事实证明，有目的的练习是一种成功的方法)”结合文章主要说明了漫无目的的重复练习可能不会带来进步，甚至可能导致表现下降，而有目的的练习才可以提高。文章还介绍了有目的的练习的几个特点。可知，B选项“孰并不都能生巧”最符合文章标题。故选B。

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