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攻坚克难　把握三线让完形变完美
目前，完形填空语篇的体裁大多是记叙文或夹叙夹议文，还有少量的说明文。本专题前面四节已经通过实例讲解了如何利用“词汇复现”“语境暗示”“背景常识”和“固定搭配”等技巧解题，本部分将从完形填空的三条线入手，即情节线、情感线和逻辑线。正确理解和运用“三线”，必将让完形难题“现形”！
一、 情节线
情节线也叫故事线，是故事发展的脉络，主要围绕故事的时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、发展、高潮和结局展开。纵观历年真题，完形填空对名词和动词的考查居多，因为名词和动词体现了故事发展的过程和细节。记叙文常用第一人称或第三人称叙述生活中一些人物和事。夹叙夹议文则在此基础上表达作者对生活的看法或揭示生活的真理，达到弘扬真善美和体现正能量的目的。
以下是从2023年的4份高考卷完形填空中梳理出的部分情节线名词和动词。
1. 情节线名词(短语)：delay, display, exchange, transportation, promise, comment, choice, goodbye, hello, thanks, the next day, many years ago, the first time, the correct time, the first black woman。
2. 情节线动词(短语)：compete, come, begin, climb, learn, tell, win, see, have to move, can't afford, be to do, meet, ask, promise, bring, used to grow, get by, be going to。
下面结合实例体会情节线在解题中的作用。
　(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 1 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 2 . She couldn't. Bailey then 3 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention.
1.A. agreed B. returned
C. stopped D. promised
2. A. courage B. aid
C. patience D. advice
3. A. went away B. stood up
C. stepped aside D. bent down
【解析】　情节线：在Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二还要多时→她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣→Bailey帮助和她一起参赛的选手Lenoue→Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看她是否能向前走→同伴不能行走→Bailey让同伴爬到她的背上→一路背着她到达终点线→又走了300英尺到Lenoue可以接受治疗的地方。
【解题过程】 根据“Bailey帮助和她一起参赛的选手”可知，Bailey没有继续跑下去，而是选择停下(stop)来帮忙，第1题选C；根据“Bailey帮助和她一起参赛的选手”和“Bailey扶着她的胳膊”可知，第2题选B；根据“Bailey让Lenoue爬到她的背上”可知，Bailey要先弯下腰(bend down)，故第3题选D。
　(2023全国甲卷)Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 1 there, we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike 2 its way down the hill toward us. It was a 3 called Mario, coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine...What Mario had given us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
1. A. waited B. met
C. camped D. stayed
2. A. making B. searching
C. squeezing D. feeling
3. A. customer B. neighbour
C. relative D. passenger
4. A. lend B. send
C. bring D. show
【解析】　情节线：许多年前，我在Garfagnana买了一栋房子→我们第一次 1 在那里的时候→我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来时发出的嘎吱嘎吱的声音→是马里奥→他给我们 4 了一个盒子(里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒)→马里奥给我们带来的是Garfagnana的味道。
【解题过程】 根据“我在Garfagnana买了一栋房子”可知，我们是第一次待在(stay)那儿，故第1题选D；根据第4空前的coming to可知，摩托车从山上向我们住处开过来，make one's way toward...为固定搭配，意为“朝……方向前进”，故第2题选A；根据下文情节“马里奥给我们带来的是Garfagnana的味道”可知，马里奥是从山上下来的，他给我们送来(bring)了当地的食物，由此推测，马里奥是作者的邻居(neighbour)，故第3题选B，第4题选C。
二、 情感线
情感线也称为故事的暗线，关注的是情感变化的过程。由于作者经常借助形容词、副词来推动故事的发展，表现人物的情感变化，因此完形中多在形容词、副词处设置考点，考查学生对于故事中主人公的情绪变化的理解，帮助学生把握作者的写作意图和观点态度。以下是历年高考题中提炼出的表示情感起伏的形容词或副词。
下面通过实例体会情感线在解题中的作用。
　(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)As for Bailey, she is more about why her act is considered a big deal. “She was just crying. I couldn't leave her，” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
A. worried B. ashamed
C. confused D. discouraged
【解析】　根据空格后的why可知此处指Bailey感到很困惑，同时根据后一句“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”可知，Bailey认为她只是做了件正确的事情，因此她对“认为她的行为是一件重要的事”感到很困惑(confused)。故选C。
　(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)He was so and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
A. thankful B. generous
C. proud D. sympathetic
【解析】　根据文中sent me a nice e-mail with pictures和I had helped bring this family together again可知，他很感激(thankful)“我”对他的帮助。故选A。三、 逻辑线
逻辑线既可以指故事发展的先后顺序、行为的原因结果，也可以指篇章的衔接连贯、上下文的起承转合。很多情况下，对于逻辑的考查是通过让学生结合语境进行合理的分析推断来展开的。根据是否直接考查逻辑连接词，我们把逻辑线分为：显性逻辑线和隐性逻辑线。
1. 显性逻辑线
完形填空最大的特点之一就是逻辑性强，其逻辑连接词在文中起着辅助篇章衔接与连贯的重要作用，可以表达文中因果、转折、递进等各种逻辑关系。
(根据大数据分析，加粗的逻辑词经常出现在完形填空中)
完形 填空 十大 逻辑 关系 条件关系 if, unless, once(一旦), otherwise, as/so long as, supposing, on condition that, provided that, depending on等
因果关系 表原因 after all, because, since, due to, as, in that, now that, considering that, as a result of等
表结果 so, so that, thus, consequently, therefore, as a result等
时间关系 before, since, as, until, when, whenever, as soon as, in that moment等
顺序关系 finally, first, firstly, initially, eventually, in the first place, last, next, to begin with, to start with等
让步关系 despite, in spite of, regardless of, though, although, while, even if, even though, wherever, whatever, whenever, whoever, whichever
转折关系 however, but, on the contrary, in contrast, yet, unfortunately, somehow
对比关系 while, whereas, not...but..., instead, instead of, compared with等
并列关系 similarly, and, or, neither...nor..., either...or..., not only...but also..., meanwhile等
递进关系 moreover, furthermore, above all, even, besides, what's more, what's worse
解释关系 for example/instance, namely等
　(2021山东泰安二轮模拟)Some people suggested she apply for bankruptcy(破产) to avoid paying the debt, but she refused to do so. “I will try my best to pay off the debt, I won't feel at ease，” Chen said.
A. while B. thus
C. otherwise D. instead
【解析】　句意：有人建议她申请破产来避免支付债务，但她拒绝了。“我会尽最大努力还清债务，否则我会感到不安。”陈是这样说的。上下文之间是条件关系，用otherwise表示“否则”。故选C。
　(2021全国乙卷)One afternoon, while attempting to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was discovered to be a heart attack.
A. eventually B. fortunately
C. casually D. secretly
【解析】　句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她晕倒了。最终发现晕倒的原因是心脏病发作。此处eventually表示时间上的顺序关系。故选A。
　(2019全国Ⅰ卷)At the base is a rainforest... Further up, the weather changes—low clouds envelop the mountainsides... you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow.
A. Obviously B. Easily
C. Consequently D. Finally
【解析】　句意：下面是热带雨林……再往上气候发生了变化，低云笼罩着山坡……最后你爬进一个类似北极有着永久积雪的地带。从At the base到Further up再到Finally，是顺承关系。故选D。
　(2020浙江联盟阶段评估)There, she encouraged the nurses to treat any soldiers that came through their doors, which side they were fighting on.
A. in spite of B. regardless of
C. for fear of D. according to
【解析】　句意：在那里，她鼓励护士们治疗任何一个进门的士兵，不管他们在为哪一方战斗。regardless of意为“不管”，表示让步关系。故选B。
　(2020新高考Ⅰ卷)A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. , the number of snakes had declined as well.
A. Besides B. However
C. Therefore D. Otherwise
【解析】　句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，造成了破坏，许多鸟类被迫离开了。此外，蛇的数量也减少了。besides意为“此外，而且”，表示递进关系。故选A。
　(2020浙江宁波五校适应性考试)Several months later, on Christmas morning, my sister and I each found a $20 bill in our stockings. I was just putting it into my pocket Kathleen tapped me on the shoulder.
A. after B. until
C. while D. when
【解析】　句意：我正要把20美元放到自己的口袋里，这时候凯思琳拍了拍我的肩膀。was doing sth. when...意为“……正要做某事，这时突然……”。此处when是并列连词，连接两个并列句。故选D。
2. 隐性逻辑线
除了考查上表的10大逻辑关系词外，近年来完形填空的逻辑关系出现了新的考查趋势：不直接考查这些逻辑关系词，而是将逻辑关系隐藏在句子中(句内逻辑关系)、句与句之间(句间逻辑关系)以及段落与段落的衔接中(段间逻辑关系)。
做题时，考生要注意三点：明确作者身份、站在作者角度、体会作者感受。在深挖行文逻辑的过程中避免主观臆断，按照上下文隐含的逻辑关系、搭配顺序对篇章的信息进行整合，从而对选项做出正确的判断。
(1) 句内逻辑关系
句内逻辑关系是指根据选项所在句子中的内部逻辑关系，选出正确选项。
　(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)The flight was , and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she flew with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.
A. unnecessary B. unexpected
C. unavoidable D. uneventful
【解析】　and表示并列关系，根据and后面的“Tiffy是个很棒的乘客”可以推测，这次飞行平安无事(uneventful)。故选D。
　(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 1 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 2 our peaceful morning trip.
1. A. signed up B. calmed down
C. checked out D. headed off
2. A. arranged B. interrupted
C. completed D. recorded
【解析】　根据but storms move in fast in the mountains可知，山里的暴风雨来得很快，but在此处表示转折关系，这表明作者一家出发(head off)时天气还很晴朗，但这这场突如其来的暴风雨中断(interrupt)了他们平静的清晨之旅。故第1题选D；第2题选B。
(2) 句间逻辑关系
句间逻辑关系指根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系，选出正确选项。
　(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP(Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight . They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog, Tiffy.
A. turn B. budget
C. schedule D. connection
【解析】　根据下文中“They could not afford to pay for...”可知，这家人生活比较拮据，无法负担运送宠物的费用。a very tight budget预算很紧张。故选B。
　(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 1 , a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed(拖) us back. We were 2 .
1. A. patiently B. tirelessly
C. doubtfully D. helplessly
2. A. sorry B. brave
C. safe D. right
【解析】　根据上一句可知，作者一家被困在了湖中央，因此他们非常无助(helplessly)。故第1题选D。根据上一句中的“a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back”可知，他们的船被一位渔民拖到了岸上，因此他们安全(safe)了。故第2题选C。
(3) 段间逻辑关系
这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落与段落之间的衔接上。
　(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little...
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake...
A. ideas B. jokes
C. memories D. discoveries
【解析】　根据第一段的wonderful camping experiences和第二段中from the early years when...及第三段中“Another time...”可知，作者是在回忆和家人的露营经历，一些回忆(memories)很有趣。故选C。
即时评价
1. The books are in every language—new books, ancient books, a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.
A. then B. still
C. even D. rather
【解析】　C　句意：这些书各种语言都有：新书，古籍，甚至有一本七百年的关于伊拉克历史的书。even甚至，表示递进关系。
2. The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who made her believe that he was her friend, and then she lent him about ￡31,000.
A. eventually B. frequently
C. previously D. occasionally
【解析】　A　句意：这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话，这个陌生人最终让她相信他是她的朋友，然后她借给他大约31 000英镑。eventually最后，终于。
3. And how my dad would go to the store and buy me a cartoon-themed cake _______ it wasn't my birthday because he knew how much I liked to stuff myself with cake.
A. when B. in case
C. if D. even though
【解析】　D　句意：我爸爸会怎么去商店给我买一个卡通主题的蛋糕，尽管今天不是我的生日，因为他知道我有多喜欢吃蛋糕。even though引导让步状语从句。
4. He approached the window. “I don't mean to butt in(插嘴)，” he said to the cashier, “but you can get her house back, I'll pay for her taxes.”
A. because B. unless
C. if D. before
【解析】　C　句意：“我并不想插嘴，”他对收银员说，“但如果你能把她的房子拿回来，我就替她交税。”if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句。
5. These men are known for their stoicism(淡泊) and the refusal to discuss what happened during the war. , with frequent contact with the veterans, they're finally willing to share their stories.
A. However B. Therefore
C. Otherwise D. Besides
【解析】　A　句意：这些人以他们淡泊名利和拒绝谈论战争期间发生的事情而闻名。然而，随着与这些老兵接触得越来越多，他们最终愿意分享他们的故事。however然而，表示转折。
6. (2023福建三校适应性考试)At night we arrived at Guayaquil, where I had to find a bus for Peru the next day. Although Rosita had met up with her family, she _______ not leaving without helping me find my way.
A. insisted on B. dreamed of
C. believed in D. worried about
【解析】　A　根据下文中not leaving without helping me find my way可知，虽然罗西塔和她的家人见了面，但她坚持不帮“我”找到路就不走。故选A。
7. (2023福建福州一中三模)We went to see a doctor, who diagnosed my condition as alopecia(脱发症). He recommended an injection to try, which would be _______ to the head skin.
A. attached B. connected
C. guided D. applied
【解析】　D　根据下文中to the head skin可知，医生建议把这种注射用到头皮上。故选D。
8. (2023广东部分学校联考)During the Chicago Marathon, thousands of runners were short of breath at the end of the race. ① , one runner drew everyone's attention because of his ② ability to run entire marathons with just 30 per cent lung capacity.
① A. However B. Therefore
C. Moreover D. Otherwise
② A. natural B. similar
C. incredible D. mysterious
【解析】　① A　句意：然而，有一位跑步者吸引了所有人的注意，因为他在整个马拉松比赛中的肺活量只有30%，这是令人难以置信的。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选A。
② C　根据下文中with just 30 per cent lung capacity可知，他在整个马拉松比赛中的肺活量只有30%，这是令人难以置信的。故选C。
9. (2023江苏南京金陵中学模拟)Millions of young people grow up with a deep love of Disney. by the studio's fairytales, they dream of becoming a prince or princess.
A. Inspired B. Selected
C. Financed D. Transformed
【解析】　A　句意：受迪士尼童话故事的启发，他们梦想成为王子或公主。故选A。
10. (2023江苏苏州考前模拟)When I opened my eyes, I saw people ① at me and running over to help. Shocked and ② , I was unaware of how severely I had been injured.
① A. laughing B. shouting
C. calling D. staring
② A. bored B. amused
C. confused D. disappointed
【解析】　① D　句意：当我睁开眼睛时，我看到人们盯着我看，跑过来帮忙。故选D。
② C　根据下文中I was unaware of how severely I had been injured可知，作者不知道自己伤得有多严重，所以在那一刻应该是困惑的。故选C。
11. Daniel Huff, director of the department, said they were willing to help a young man with such a sense of business. The health inspectors helped to pay for his first permit. , Huff took another step and helped connect Jaequan with the Economic Opportunity Network, which gave the young businessman tips on running a small business.
A. Then B. Consequently
C. Again D. Initially
【解析】　A　句意：该部门的主管说，他们愿意帮助这样一个有商业头脑的年轻人，他们帮助男孩拿到了经营许可证。然后，胡夫采取了另一个步骤，帮助Jaequan与经济机会网联系，该公司给这位年轻的商人提供了经营小企业的技巧。上下文之间存在顺序的逻辑关系，故用then。
12. When Hank's owner, Delores Bushong, spotted him in the neighbour's tree, she immediately called the Humane Rescue Alliance for help. , Hank was too high for any ladder(梯子) to reach and the tree branch wasn't stable enough to support the climb of the rescuer.
A. Typically B. Surprisingly
C. Unfortunately D. Strangely
【解析】　C　句意：当汉克的主人德洛雷斯·布松在邻居的树上发现他时，她立即致电人道救援联盟寻求帮助。不幸的是，汉克的位置太高了，任何梯子都够不着，树枝也不够稳固，无法支撑救援人员的攀登。根据语境，救援人员已经到达，但却无法施救，真是不幸。此处使用unfortunately对事件进行评价。

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