资源简介

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宾语从句
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例
题精讲
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一、定义：宾语从句就是一个句子的宾语部分是由另一个句子来充当。宾语从句需要用引导词来引导。学好宾语从句，必须过“三关”。即引导词关、语序关、时态关。
二、引导词关：
引导宾语从句的引导词分为三类，即:
1）若宾语从句为陈述语气，则用that引导。that在从句中不充当任何成分，也无实义，只是起到连接的作用。
通常在say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后加that，引导宾语从句。连词that在口语中常被省略。如：
He said that he was a student.
I thought that he was wrong.
☆注意：
引导宾语从句的that 常可以省略,但下列情况下不能省略。
（1）and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句，除第一个从句中的that以外,后面从句中的 that不能省略。
如：I know (that) he is a good student and that he likes basketball.
that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略 如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
（3）主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。
如：We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.
B) 若宾语后面有宾语补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前用形式宾语it. 常常这样用的动词有find,feel,consider,make,believe 等。
如：He doesn’t want it to be known that he is going away.
I consider it necessary that he should do it again.
C) 宾语从句的否定转移。当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy,guess等表示主观看法或认识的动词,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来。其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
如：I don’t think he will come to my party.（而不能说成
I think he won’t come to my party.）
I don’t believe that he is a good student, is he
我认为他不是个好学生，不是吗？
I don’t think you are right.
I don’t believe that they have finished their work.
比较：she believes that I am not a good student.
2）表示一般疑问语气,含有“是否,能否”的意思。由从属连词whether 和if引导,二者通常可以互换。
如：I don't know whether/if I should go to the party tomorrow.
注意：在以下情况中，只能用whether。
在动词不定式之前只能用whether
如：I can’t decide whether to stay.
B) 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中，只能用whether。
如：I want to know whether she is a student or not.
C) 在介词后，只能用whether。
如：His father is worried about whether he has lost his work .
表示特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问词引导。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词和疑问副词。 A) 疑问代词包括what,who, whom, which,whose, whoever, whatever, whichever等.。
如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for
I don't know what they want.
John told me which girl he liked most..
I want to know whose father that old man is.
I will give you whatever you want.
You can meet whoever you want to see.
You can choose whichever you like.
B) 疑问副词包括when, where, how, why, whenever,wherever,however等。
如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station He told me when we should go to the airport.
I told him where he should go.
I don't know why he is so angry.
You can come whenever you are free.
You can go wherever you like.
4）另外：宾语从句可做动词宾语,介词宾语,及某些形容词甚至是副词的宾语.
He said that he was a student.(that从句是said的宾语)
宾语从句作介词的宾语，常常有两种情况：
A) wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about where we should go.
(疑问代词where从句作介词about的宾语)
The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done.
（疑问代词what引导的宾语从句时介词with的宾语）
B)用that,whether引导的介词宾语从句
如：except,but,besides三个介词后常常可以见到that引导的宾语从句。
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he works in a school.
We are talking about whether we should go camping.
3、常常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised。that常常可以省略。
I am sure （that） I will pass the exam.
Mary was pleased (that) she had passed the final exam. (that引导的宾语从句是形容词pleased的宾语)
4、I will find out where he has gone(where引导的宾语从句作副词out的宾语).
三、语序关
作宾语从句的句子不管原来是什么语序，在充当宾语从句时都要用陈述语序，即：“引导词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。
Tom said. He is reading a book.
→ Tom said that he was reading a book.
He asks me. Are they playing a game
→ He asks me if/whether they are playing a game.（宾语从句，陈述语序）
Where is the hospital He told me.
→ He told me Where the Hospital was.

四、时态关
宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，既：
1）主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
I think he is a clever boy.
I think he has gone to Beijing.
I think he bought the book yesterday.
主句是一般过去时态，从句必须用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
He said he was reading.
He said he would go to Beijing tomorrow.
He forgot whether he had locked the door.
对比理解下列几组句子：
例:
She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
She says that she can sing a song in English.
She said that she could sing a song in English.
3、当宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等，不管主句是 什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
（客观真理仍然用一般现在时）
He told me that Japan is an island country.（客观事实）
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课堂练习
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I don't know __ he will come tomorrow. __ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is
A. what B. how C. whether D. where
Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help
how did he mend B. what did he mend
C. how he mended D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after
Do you know where _________ now
A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live
7. Do you know what time ______
A.the train leave B.does the train leave
C.will the train leave D.the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please
A.how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _________.
A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C.what mean Christmas does D.what Christmas means
11. I want to know________.
A. what is his name B. what's his name
C. that his name is D. what his name is
12. Please tell me _______. I have some good news for him.
Where Robert lives B. Where does Robert live
C. Where Robert lived D. Where did Robert live
---Do you know_______, Mike
---On May 12th ,2008.
A. when the earthquake took place in Wenchuan
B. when did the earthquake take place in Wenchuan
C. when the earthquake will take place in Wenchuan
14. ---I'm waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive
---Usually it comes by 4:00.
A. how B. where C. when D. what
15. Do you know ________ during the coming holiday
A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do
C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did
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课后作业
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1.Have you decided ________for Australia
A. when will you leave B. when do you leave
C. you will leave when D. when you will leave
2.Can you tell me _________
A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived
C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives
3.The old man asked me ________ .
A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinema
C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema
I think _______ you will like him.
A. that B. if C. why D. how
5.I didn’t know _______ he will come or not.
A. that B. whether C. weather D. how
6.I wonder _________ .
A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost
C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost
She asked me _________ .
A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is
8.Ask him ___.
A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup
9.I don‘t know _________ .
A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movie
C. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts
10.The doctor asked me how long ________ .
A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill
11.The weather forecast doesn’t say _________.
A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrow
C. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow
12.Do you know _________
A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this is
C. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to
13.They want to know _________
A. where is the hospital B. how old are you
C. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying
14.Tony wanted to know _________.
A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking
B. when Father Christmas had put in his stocking
C. what Father Christmas had put in his stocking
D. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking
15.No one knows ______ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.
A. when B. whether C. where D. if
16.July didn’t know_________.
A. where is Tim‘s father B. when was the first watch made
C. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch
17.No one told us _________, so we need your help.
A. how should we do B. what we should do
C. what to do D. what should we do
18.We don‘t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.
A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do
19.He asked me _________.
A. whether I find out the sender of the money
B. whether did I find out the sender of the money
C. whether the sender of the money found out
D. whether I found out the sender of the money
参考答案
课堂练习：
D D D C D A D D B D D A A C C
课后作业：
D D C A C A A A D C B C C A C C D D

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