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专题四 阅读理解——主旨大意题/标题归纳题
主旨/段落大意题主要考察考生对文章/段落中心思想的概括。做这类试题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想，而其他句子均围绕主题句展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但有时也位于段落中间（通常是第一段或最后一段的中间）
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂。标题归纳题在英语阅读理解中属于深层理解题，要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析文章大意及作者的写作意图。
分析2018-2022年近五年深圳中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意
2018年 说明文 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 13 2 2 2
2019年 说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 说明文 11 5 1 3
2020年 说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 说明文 8 7 2 3
2021年 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 7 6 1 1
2022年 说明文 记叙文 说明文 7 6 1 1
主旨/段落大意题常见设问方式：
The main idea of the paragraph is ...
What is the main idea of the passage/序数词+paragraph？
What is the last paragraph mainly about
What’s the passage mainly about
We can learn from the passage...
What does the writer mainly tell us
From the passage,we know...
The passage is mainly about...
标题归纳题常见设问方式：
What is the best title for/of the passage
What can be the best title for/of the passage
Which of the following would be the best title for/of the passage
解题步骤：
主旨/段落大意题
文章（段落）的开头、结尾通常包含了文章（段落）的中心议题，会出现明显的主题句。如果没有主题句，就需要我们根据文章（段落）内容归纳总结主旨大意。具体方法如下：
速读头尾，明确主题
大多数文章（段落）的主题句可能会出现在开头和结尾。因此，答题时要重点关注首尾。
定位全文主题句：
记叙文：一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据故事内容和线索来概括大意；
说明文:说明事物的用途或发展过程，主题句通常在段首；
议论文：通常采用“总--分--总”的模式叙述，主题句通常在段首或断尾。
标题归纳题
标题具有概括性、针对性和醒目性的特点。解题时，可从以下两点入手：
1.提炼文章的主题句：主题句通常在文章首段，也可能在文章的末段或者分散在各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，需要把各段落主题句的思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。
2.提取文章的高频词：阅读文章时，要注意文中反复出现的高频词汇，并将高频词汇与文章的主旨比对，判断高频词是否与文章要表达的主旨一致。
【真题在线】
2018年深圳市中考真题
C
The 14th Chinese Language Competition attracted about 1,100 children from kindergarten kids to high school students. The children from different languages and cultural backgrounds met in San Francisco and competed in events like Chinese Calligraphy（书法）, drawing and Chinese poetry recital（背诵）.
Thomson, an 11th-grade boy from Justin-Siena High School in Napa city of California, has studied Chinese language for three years. It was hard for him to learn Chinese at the beginning, because it was one of the most difficult languages in the world. However, the writing of Chinese characters is a form of art, which made him feel different. "It's amazing to see how attractive Chinese culture is." he said.
Julie, a 12th-grade girl shared her similar experience of learning Chinese for four years. When recalling her trip in Beijing and Shanghai, she expressed huge interest in shared bikes. "The shared bike is known as one of the new 'Great Inventions' of China, along with China's Express Railway and Alipay online payment system. They amaze the whole world as part of China's rapid rise."
According to the hosting organization, the Confucius Institute at San Francisco State University, the competition was mainly for American and overseas Chinese kids. It aimed to set a platform to present （展示）their Chinese language and culture talents. It also helped to deepen the understanding of young Americans about the Chinese culture and history.
（4）What is the best title for the passage
A．Chinese Culture Talent Show Presented.
B．New "Great Inventions" Made in China.
C．Chinese Language Competition Held Again.
D．Ways to Learn the Chinese Language Shared.
D
Shenzhen, Jan 1st, 2018—Shenzhen has become the world's first city to make all its public buses, about 16,359, run on electricity. A total of 12,518 taxis, or 62.5 percent of all the taxis in the city are electric ones. "We will replace（替换）the rest of the taxis with electric ones by 2020." said Mr. Chen from the government.
"I have been a driver for twenty years," said Mr. Zhang, a driver who started to drive e-buses a month ago. "We had several rounds of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the e-buses."
The city has built 8,000 charging poles（充电桩）and 501 bus charging stations. "A bus can be fully charged within two hours and the charging poles can serve 300 buses a day at our station. Since the replacement, the bus station has become quiet, even as the e-buses are entering and exiting the station." said Mr. Guan, the manager of Qinghu Bus Station.
The use of e-buses and e-taxis plays an important role in improving air quality. In a year, the e-buses use 72.9 percent less energy than the traditional ones. The e-taxis save the energy of 119,000 tons of standard coal.
Shenzhen was one of the first 13 cities to take part in the National New-energy Vehicle Program (NNVP). In 2017, the city spent 3.3 billion yuan on e-buses and the charging equipment. The city also encourages people to bus new-energy cars or e-cars by reducing their payment.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage
A．E-buses and e-taxis can save more energy in Shenzhen.
B．Shenzhen took part in the National New-energy Vehicle Program.
C．It is fast and convenient for the e-buses to be charged in Shenzhen.
D．Shenzhen is replacing its public buses and taxis with electric ones.
2019年深圳市中考真题
B
Alice Lee is a high school student studying at a private school. She is doing some voluntary work at an after-school program to help students from poor families.
On the first day of her work, she noticed that many kids were lining up for free sandwiches and fruits. She was surprised. One of the organizers explains that many of these students don’t get enough to eat at home. So a school lunch or an after-meal might be the most food they would get all the day. She has also been told that some hungry kids can receive free lunches, but others are only allowed reduced-price meals, and those students’ families have to pay for the part of their food.
Lee was shocked, she decided to offer help to those who are suffering from hunger, “I want other kids to understand that If you see a problem, you don’t have to wait to be an adult to fix it,” says Lee. She and a group of friends are using their programme skill to create a new app called Food of Thought, which will allow parents, students, and even kind-hearted strangers to donate money to lunch accounts for students in a nearby school.
33. What is the main idea of this passage
A. A local school is providing free food for students.
B. A girl is helping poor kids out of hunger.
C. An app will be tested in a school this fall.
D. A group of good friends are working at a school.
E
When Justin Tong was a child, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him doing lots of housework such as carrying out the rubbish and sending newspapers. But when he grew up, he was better off than his childhood friends and lived a happier and healthier life.
This is the finding of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 children in London. It showed that the children who had worked hard in childhood had a richer and a happier future. “Children who worked in the home or community gained competence( 能 力 ) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said Daniel Brown, the psychologist( 心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”
Brown’s study followed these children in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Brown, the researchers compared the children’s mental-health scores with their childhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
Working at any age is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence — the underpinnings ( 基 础 ) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.
Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”
45. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To talk about an interesting study.
B. To introduce Justin Tong’s success.
C. To tell us about childhood activities.
D. To encourage children to work hard.
2020年深圳市中考真题
18．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
"Miss
Smith! What rough (粗糙的) hands Mary Jessup
has! "said Daisy Marvin, as she walked home from school with her teacher.
"In
my opinion, Daisy, Mary's hands are the prettiest in our class"
"Why
Miss Smith, they are as red and hard as they can be. How they would look if she
tried to play on a piano! "Daisy said.
Miss
Smith took Daisy's hands in hers, and said, "Your hands are very soft and
white, just the hands to look beautiful on a piano; yet they don't have one
beauty that Mary's hands do .Shall I tell you what the difference is ”
"Yes,
please, Miss Smith." Daisy looked at Miss Smith, with eyes wide open.
"Will,
Daisy, Mary's hands are very busy. They wash dishes; they make fires; they hang
out clothes, and help to wash them, too; they are always trying to help her
poor, hard-working mother."
Miss
Smith continued, "Besides, they wash and dress the children; they mend
their toys and dress their dolls; yet, they find time to bathe the head of the little
girl who is so sick in the next house to theirs."
"They
do good deeds (行为) to every living thing. I
have seen them patting the tired horse and the homeless dog in the street. They
are always ready to help those who need help."
"I
shall never think Mary's hands are ugly any more, Miss Smith." Daisy said
that with tears in eyes.
"I
am glad to hear you say that, Daisy; and I must tell you that they are
beautiful because they help others gladly and cheerfully."
"Oh,
Miss Smith! I feel so ashamed of myself and so sorry, "said Daisy, looking
into her teacher's face with shining eyes.
“My dear, beauty doesn't lie in how one looks but what he does."
（4）What is the best title for the passage
A．Busy Days B．Cheerful Tears
C．Shining Eyes D．Beautiful Hands
20．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
Teens
and kids are reading a lot less for fun, according to a recent report.
Although
the decline (下降) in the past ten years is
very surprising for teen readers, some data (数据) in the
report shows that reading is still a big part of many children's lives.
According
to the report, the number or teens who hardly read has gone up from 8 percent
to 25 percent today. The report data shows that kids' reading ability remains
almost the same. However, the amount of reading time has fallen, from about an
hour every day to half an hour.
As
for children's e-reading, the report mentions little about its effects. But it
says that many parents choose to control the time spent on e-books, mainly
because they are worried about the increased screen time. After all, it is
important to protect their kids' eyes.
The
most helpful part in the report is parents' effects on their children. It shows
that parents are examples and important guides for them in reading. If parents
read more and find more time如o read with
their children, it turns out that their children actually read more often.
As
summer vacation arrives, parents might take this chance to step in, make a
reading list and enjoy the pleasant family reading time.
（4）What's the writing purpose of the last paragraph
A．To prevent e-reading. B．To encourage family reading.
C．To advise family trips. D．To describe vacation pleasure.
21．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
The
Taojinshan Greenway (绿道) in Shenzhen has been
open to citizens since July, 2019. Sitting at the west side of Shenzhen
Reservoir, it is as long as 7.07 kilometers.
With
plants along both sides and lakes lying at different sites, tourists can enjoy
wonderful scenery all the way. If they are tired, they are free to take a rest
at the 3 stops that were built for breaks. Additionally, five unused guard posts
(岗享) along the old route have remained.
They serve as sightseeing platforms for visitors to feel the cultural spirit
behind the place.
Of
all its 13 scenic spots, 8 were designed to have Al helpers. From them,
visitors can gain information on parking, tour guide services and more. The
smart greenway, with free Wi-Fi available, also provides environmental date,
such as temperature, wind speed and air quality. What's more, it can give
visitors wamings of coming extreme (极端的)
weather and natural disasters, including rainstorms and typhoons that may hit
Shenzhen.
"Started
in the middle of 2015, the building process of the Taojinshan Greenway has
taken good care of de wildlife and environment nearby" said Yang Shiming,
an offcial in charge of the project."
The
greenway is an example of construction projects without doing harm to the
nature. It also shows the role that technology plays in building a smart
greenway for more life convenience."
（3）What is the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．What Al helpers do. B．Technology changes life,
C．How Al helpers work. D．Technology protects humans.
2021年深圳市中考真题
（2021·深圳）阅读理解
Can plants talk
Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each
other.
It has been known for
some time that plants use chemicals to conunicate with each other. This happens
when a plant gets atacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the
leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help:" I'm
being attacked!" When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give
out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away.
Others attract the wasps (黄蜂；蜜蜂)! The
wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn
more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops.
More surprisingly,
plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds; but
plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their and chili
plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.
Most surprisingly of
all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant
in a forest. Scientists call this system the "wood wide web". The
wood wide web is linked underground by fungi (霉菌).
It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways
similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information
and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may
use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other
plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a "firewall"
to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are
learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each
other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able
to "talk" with them ourselves.
25．Which is the best title for the passage
A．The Secret Language of Plants
B．The Study about the Plant Warning System
C．The Plants that Give Warnings
D．Why Scientists Do Research about Plants
2022年深圳市中考真题
（2022·深圳）阅读理解
The giant Amazon rainforest in South America has been a mystery for centuries. It holds all kinds of natural wonders. Among them in Colombia, a river stands out as "the most beautiful river" in the world.
Locally called Carnio Cristales, this special river lies in a national park. It is made up of several waterfalls, rapids, and plenty of pools. For most of the year, Canio Cristales looks like a common river: clean, green, and rocky. However, during the short period between September and November, the river explodes(迸发)with life and colour It appears as any mix of colours including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a purplish red. So it is also known as the "River of Five Colours".
Although at first it may appear as if some chemicals were added to the water, this rainbow river is completely natural. Cafio Cristales' colours are the result of a rare (稀有) water plant which needs sunlight to grow. The plants change colour depending on how much sunlight they receive, and the amount is decided by the height and speed of the water. Therefore, it is possible for the plants to be totally colourless if the sunlight is too hard to get. They are a delicate plant. This makes them easily damaged in the water.
Actually, the river faces some problems, including drier seasons, wildlife trouble, waste management, and budget( 预 算 )cuts. In 2007, the park was forced to close because it was over-crowded with tourists. Now the park admits only 200 people a day and requires them to mind their behaviour.
Today, Cano Cristales still shines among Colombia's most popular natural attractions, drawing thousands of tourists every year.
25．What is the best title of the text
A．How to Visit Cano Cristales
B．Natural Beauty in. Colombia
C．World's Most Beautiful River
D．Protecting the River of Five Colours
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题四 阅读理解——主旨大意题/标题归纳题
主旨/段落大意题主要考察考生对文章/段落中心思想的概括。做这类试题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想，而其他句子均围绕主题句展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但有时也位于段落中间（通常是第一段或最后一段的中间）
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂。标题归纳题在英语阅读理解中属于深层理解题，要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析文章大意及作者的写作意图。
分析2018-2022年近五年深圳中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意
2018年 说明文 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 13 2 2 2
2019年 说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 说明文 11 5 1 3
2020年 说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 说明文 8 7 2 3
2021年 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 7 6 1 1
2022年 说明文 记叙文 说明文 7 6 1 1
主旨/段落大意题常见设问方式：
The main idea of the paragraph is ...
What is the main idea of the passage/序数词+paragraph？
What is the last paragraph mainly about
What’s the passage mainly about
We can learn from the passage...
What does the writer mainly tell us
From the passage,we know...
The passage is mainly about...
标题归纳题常见设问方式：
What is the best title for/of the passage
What can be the best title for/of the passage
Which of the following would be the best title for/of the passage
解题步骤：
主旨/段落大意题
文章（段落）的开头、结尾通常包含了文章（段落）的中心议题，会出现明显的主题句。如果没有主题句，就需要我们根据文章（段落）内容归纳总结主旨大意。具体方法如下：
速读头尾，明确主题
大多数文章（段落）的主题句可能会出现在开头和结尾。因此，答题时要重点关注首尾。
定位全文主题句：
记叙文：一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据故事内容和线索来概括大意；
说明文:说明事物的用途或发展过程，主题句通常在段首；
议论文：通常采用“总--分--总”的模式叙述，主题句通常在段首或断尾。
标题归纳题
标题具有概括性、针对性和醒目性的特点。解题时，可从以下两点入手：
1.提炼文章的主题句：主题句通常在文章首段，也可能在文章的末段或者分散在各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，需要把各段落主题句的思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。
2.提取文章的高频词：阅读文章时，要注意文中反复出现的高频词汇，并将高频词汇与文章的主旨比对，判断高频词是否与文章要表达的主旨一致。
【真题在线】
2018年深圳市中考真题
C
The 14th Chinese Language Competition attracted about 1,100 children from kindergarten kids to high school students. The children from different languages and cultural backgrounds met in San Francisco and competed in events like Chinese Calligraphy（书法）, drawing and Chinese poetry recital（背诵）.
Thomson, an 11th-grade boy from Justin-Siena High School in Napa city of California, has studied Chinese language for three years. It was hard for him to learn Chinese at the beginning, because it was one of the most difficult languages in the world. However, the writing of Chinese characters is a form of art, which made him feel different. "It's amazing to see how attractive Chinese culture is." he said.
Julie, a 12th-grade girl shared her similar experience of learning Chinese for four years. When recalling her trip in Beijing and Shanghai, she expressed huge interest in shared bikes. "The shared bike is known as one of the new 'Great Inventions' of China, along with China's Express Railway and Alipay online payment system. They amaze the whole world as part of China's rapid rise."
According to the hosting organization, the Confucius Institute at San Francisco State University, the competition was mainly for American and overseas Chinese kids. It aimed to set a platform to present （展示）their Chinese language and culture talents. It also helped to deepen the understanding of young Americans about the Chinese culture and history.
（4）What is the best title for the passage
A．Chinese Culture Talent Show Presented.
B．New "Great Inventions" Made in China.
C．Chinese Language Competition Held Again.
D．Ways to Learn the Chinese Language Shared.
主旨大意。A.汉语文化才艺展；B.中国创造的新发明；C.汉语语言竞赛再次举行；D.学习汉语的方法被共享。本文介绍第十四届汉语语言大赛的情况，故答案为C。
D
Shenzhen, Jan 1st, 2018—Shenzhen has become the world's first city to make all its public buses, about 16,359, run on electricity. A total of 12,518 taxis, or 62.5 percent of all the taxis in the city are electric ones. "We will replace（替换）the rest of the taxis with electric ones by 2020." said Mr. Chen from the government.
"I have been a driver for twenty years," said Mr. Zhang, a driver who started to drive e-buses a month ago. "We had several rounds of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the e-buses."
The city has built 8,000 charging poles（充电桩）and 501 bus charging stations. "A bus can be fully charged within two hours and the charging poles can serve 300 buses a day at our station. Since the replacement, the bus station has become quiet, even as the e-buses are entering and exiting the station." said Mr. Guan, the manager of Qinghu Bus Station.
The use of e-buses and e-taxis plays an important role in improving air quality. In a year, the e-buses use 72.9 percent less energy than the traditional ones. The e-taxis save the energy of 119,000 tons of standard coal.
Shenzhen was one of the first 13 cities to take part in the National New-energy Vehicle Program (NNVP). In 2017, the city spent 3.3 billion yuan on e-buses and the charging equipment. The city also encourages people to bus new-energy cars or e-cars by reducing their payment.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage
A．E-buses and e-taxis can save more energy in Shenzhen.
B．Shenzhen took part in the National New-energy Vehicle Program.
C．It is fast and convenient for the e-buses to be charged in Shenzhen.
D．Shenzhen is replacing its public buses and taxis with electric ones.
主旨大意。这是一则新闻报道，第一段是文章的中心，所以"深圳在用电动汽车代替公交车和出租车"是本文的中心，故答案为D。
2019年深圳市中考真题
B
Alice Lee is a high school student studying at a private school. She is doing some voluntary work at an after-school program to help students from poor families.
On the first day of her work, she noticed that many kids were lining up for free sandwiches and fruits. She was surprised. One of the organizers explains that many of these students don’t get enough to eat at home. So a school lunch or an after-meal might be the most food they would get all the day. She has also been told that some hungry kids can receive free lunches, but others are only allowed reduced-price meals, and those students’ families have to pay for the part of their food.
Lee was shocked, she decided to offer help to those who are suffering from hunger, “I want other kids to understand that If you see a problem, you don’t have to wait to be an adult to fix it,” says Lee. She and a group of friends are using their programme skill to create a new app called Food of Thought, which will allow parents, students, and even kind-hearted strangers to donate money to lunch accounts for students in a nearby school.
33. What is the main idea of this passage
A. A local school is providing free food for students.
B. A girl is helping poor kids out of hunger.
C. An app will be tested in a school this fall.
D. A group of good friends are working at a school.
主旨题；文章第一段就总起全文主旨“doing some voluntary work at an after-school program to help students from poor families”，主要介绍 Alice Lee 是如何想到以及通过开发 app 的方式帮助贫穷的学生摆脱解饿。故答案为 B。
E
When Justin Tong was a child, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him doing lots of housework such as carrying out the rubbish and sending newspapers. But when he grew up, he was better off than his childhood friends and lived a happier and healthier life.
This is the finding of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 children in London. It showed that the children who had worked hard in childhood had a richer and a happier future. “Children who worked in the home or community gained competence( 能 力 ) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said Daniel Brown, the psychologist( 心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”
Brown’s study followed these children in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Brown, the researchers compared the children’s mental-health scores with their childhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
Working at any age is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence — the underpinnings ( 基 础 ) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.
Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”
45. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To talk about an interesting study.
B. To introduce Justin Tong’s success.
C. To tell us about childhood activities.
D. To encourage children to work hard.
主旨题：主旨题一般在首尾找答案。根据第四段 “Working---at any age---is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibilities …of emotional health”以及文章最后一段,可知答案选择 D。通读全文可知，文章只是简单提及 A,B 和 C，若选择ABC，则以偏概全。
2020年深圳市中考真题
18．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
"Miss
Smith! What rough (粗糙的) hands Mary Jessup
has! "said Daisy Marvin, as she walked home from school with her teacher.
"In
my opinion, Daisy, Mary's hands are the prettiest in our class"
"Why
Miss Smith, they are as red and hard as they can be. How they would look if she
tried to play on a piano! "Daisy said.
Miss
Smith took Daisy's hands in hers, and said, "Your hands are very soft and
white, just the hands to look beautiful on a piano; yet they don't have one
beauty that Mary's hands do .Shall I tell you what the difference is ”
"Yes,
please, Miss Smith." Daisy looked at Miss Smith, with eyes wide open.
"Will,
Daisy, Mary's hands are very busy. They wash dishes; they make fires; they hang
out clothes, and help to wash them, too; they are always trying to help her
poor, hard-working mother."
Miss
Smith continued, "Besides, they wash and dress the children; they mend
their toys and dress their dolls; yet, they find time to bathe the head of the little
girl who is so sick in the next house to theirs."
"They
do good deeds (行为) to every living thing. I
have seen them patting the tired horse and the homeless dog in the street. They
are always ready to help those who need help."
"I
shall never think Mary's hands are ugly any more, Miss Smith." Daisy said
that with tears in eyes.
"I
am glad to hear you say that, Daisy; and I must tell you that they are
beautiful because they help others gladly and cheerfully."
"Oh,
Miss Smith! I feel so ashamed of myself and so sorry, "said Daisy, looking
into her teacher's face with shining eyes.
“My dear, beauty doesn't lie in how one looks but what he does."
（4）What is the best title for the passage
A．Busy Days B．Cheerful Tears
C．Shining Eyes D．Beautiful Hands
最佳标题。文章通篇在讨论关于Mary手好不好看的问题，经过和Miss Smith讨论后，Daisy最终明白了什么是美的手。且文章最后一句话“My dear, beauty doesn't lie in how one looks but what he does"点明了主题，美丽的手不取决于她长得怎么样，而取决于她做了什么，故选D。
20．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
Teens
and kids are reading a lot less for fun, according to a recent report.
Although
the decline (下降) in the past ten years is
very surprising for teen readers, some data (数据) in the
report shows that reading is still a big part of many children's lives.
According
to the report, the number or teens who hardly read has gone up from 8 percent
to 25 percent today. The report data shows that kids' reading ability remains
almost the same. However, the amount of reading time has fallen, from about an
hour every day to half an hour.
As
for children's e-reading, the report mentions little about its effects. But it
says that many parents choose to control the time spent on e-books, mainly
because they are worried about the increased screen time. After all, it is
important to protect their kids' eyes.
The
most helpful part in the report is parents' effects on their children. It shows
that parents are examples and important guides for them in reading. If parents
read more and find more time如o read with
their children, it turns out that their children actually read more often.
As
summer vacation arrives, parents might take this chance to step in, make a
reading list and enjoy the pleasant family reading time.
（4）What's the writing purpose of the last paragraph
A．To prevent e-reading. B．To encourage family reading.
C．To advise family trips. D．To describe vacation pleasure.
主旨大意题。由最后一段“...make a reading list and enjoy the pleasant family reading time”可知，该段意在鼓励家庭阅读，故答案为B。
21．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
The
Taojinshan Greenway (绿道) in Shenzhen has been
open to citizens since July, 2019. Sitting at the west side of Shenzhen
Reservoir, it is as long as 7.07 kilometers.
With
plants along both sides and lakes lying at different sites, tourists can enjoy
wonderful scenery all the way. If they are tired, they are free to take a rest
at the 3 stops that were built for breaks. Additionally, five unused guard posts
(岗享) along the old route have remained.
They serve as sightseeing platforms for visitors to feel the cultural spirit
behind the place.
Of
all its 13 scenic spots, 8 were designed to have Al helpers. From them,
visitors can gain information on parking, tour guide services and more. The
smart greenway, with free Wi-Fi available, also provides environmental date,
such as temperature, wind speed and air quality. What's more, it can give
visitors wamings of coming extreme (极端的)
weather and natural disasters, including rainstorms and typhoons that may hit
Shenzhen.
"Started
in the middle of 2015, the building process of the Taojinshan Greenway has
taken good care of de wildlife and environment nearby" said Yang Shiming,
an offcial in charge of the project."
The
greenway is an example of construction projects without doing harm to the
nature. It also shows the role that technology plays in building a smart
greenway for more life convenience."
（3）What is the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．What Al helpers do. B．Technology changes life,
C．How Al helpers work. D．Technology protects humans.
主旨大意题（段落）。第三段讲述的主要是AI helpers在景点发挥的作用及能够做的工作，如提供停车位信息或提示天气情况等，段落中的主体为Al helpers，而B选项只用Technology一词概括，过于广泛，无法精确概括第三段的内容； C选项译为“AI运行的方式”，与原段落无关； D选项译为“科技保护人类”。与原段无关。故答案为A。
2021年深圳市中考真题
（2021·深圳）阅读理解
Can plants talk
Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each
other.
It has been known for
some time that plants use chemicals to conunicate with each other. This happens
when a plant gets atacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the
leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help:" I'm
being attacked!" When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give
out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away.
Others attract the wasps (黄蜂；蜜蜂)! The
wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn
more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops.
More surprisingly,
plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds; but
plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their and chili
plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.
Most surprisingly of
all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant
in a forest. Scientists call this system the "wood wide web". The
wood wide web is linked underground by fungi (霉菌).
It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways
similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information
and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may
use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other
plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a "firewall"
to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are
learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each
other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able
to "talk" with them ourselves.
25．Which is the best title for the passage
A．The Secret Language of Plants
B．The Study about the Plant Warning System
C．The Plants that Give Warnings
D．Why Scientists Do Research about Plants
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍植物能通过化学物质、声音和真菌进行交流。因此选项A：
植物的秘密语言符合题意。故选A。
2022年深圳市中考真题
（2022·深圳）阅读理解
The giant Amazon rainforest in South America has been a mystery for centuries. It holds all kinds of natural wonders. Among them in Colombia, a river stands out as "the most beautiful river" in the world.
Locally called Carnio Cristales, this special river lies in a national park. It is made up of several waterfalls, rapids, and plenty of pools. For most of the year, Canio Cristales looks like a common river: clean, green, and rocky. However, during the short period between September and November, the river explodes(迸发)with life and colour It appears as any mix of colours including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a purplish red. So it is also known as the "River of Five Colours".
Although at first it may appear as if some chemicals were added to the water, this rainbow river is completely natural. Cafio Cristales' colours are the result of a rare (稀有) water plant which needs sunlight to grow. The plants change colour depending on how much sunlight they receive, and the amount is decided by the height and speed of the water. Therefore, it is possible for the plants to be totally colourless if the sunlight is too hard to get. They are a delicate plant. This makes them easily damaged in the water.
Actually, the river faces some problems, including drier seasons, wildlife trouble, waste management, and budget( 预 算 )cuts. In 2007, the park was forced to close because it was over-crowded with tourists. Now the park admits only 200 people a day and requires them to mind their behaviour.
Today, Cano Cristales still shines among Colombia's most popular natural attractions, drawing thousands of tourists every year.
25．What is the best title of the text
A．How to Visit Cano Cristales
B．Natural Beauty in. Colombia
C．World's Most Beautiful River
D．Protecting the River of Five Colours
主旨大意题，通读全文，根据句子Today, Cano Cristales still shines among Colombia's most popular natural attractions, drawing thousands of tourists every year. 今天，卡诺克里斯托莱斯仍然是哥伦比亚最受欢迎的自然景点之一，每年吸引成千上万的游客。结合上文都在介绍Cano Cristales这个景点，故选C。
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