人教版(2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 5 First Aid Learning About Language 导学案(含答案)

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人教版(2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 5 First Aid Learning About Language 导学案(含答案)

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Unit5 First Aid
Discover Useful Structures
Grammar 学案
V-ing 形式复习
Learning objectives
1. 学会辨认动名词和动词-ing 形式
2、动词-ing 形式在句子中的各种成分、用法及功能。
Activity 1 分析动名词的用法
动名词作主语
1. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
Reading is important in learning English. 阅读在学习英语的过程中很重要。
2. Collecting stones and growing flowers are my father's hobby.
收集石头和种花是我父亲的爱好。
3. Finding a job is difficult these days.现在找工作不容易。
总结:动名词做主语的功能及用法
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
注意 :
It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
It 's nice talking with you.与你交谈感觉真好。
It's really tiring working late like this.工作到这么晚真累人。
It is a waste of time talking about such a thing. 谈论这种事情是浪费时间。
动名词作主语, 有时可以用 it 作形式主语, 然后把动名词后置。常见于“It 'snouse/good/
fun/pleasure...”和“It ’s useful/useless/nice/worthwhile...”等句式中。
动名词作表语和主语转化
Collecting stamps is his hobby. 集邮是他的业余爱好。
Keeping the offices clean is her job. 保持办公室清洁是她的工作。
Teaching children music is her work. 教孩子们音乐是她的工作。
Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的全职工作。
His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的业余爱好是集邮。
→ stamps is his hobby. 集邮是他的业余爱好。
Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。
→ the offices clean is her job. 保持办公室清洁是她的工作
注意:动名词作表语和现在分词作表语的区别
①动名词作表语, 表示一种抽象的一般性行为, 用来说明主语的内容, 与主语通常是同一概
念,表语和主语常可互换位置。
②现在分词作表语,表示主语的某种性质和特征,这类现在分词实际上已经变成了形容词,
也叫现在分词变来的形容词。
可以交换语法功能(主语和表语变换角色):
动名词作表语 Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.
现在分词作表语 The report is very disturbing. 这个报告令人感到非常不安。
动名词作宾语
动名词可以作 的宾语,也可以作 的宾语
动名词及物动词的宾语 速记口诀
避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)
建议完成多练习(suggest,finish,practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can’thelp)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)
动名词作定语
动名词作定语, 它与被修饰词是目的与用途的关系, 说明被修饰词的属性、作用或功能, 说 明被修饰词是其逻辑主语。我们可以用 for doing 或 used for sth 来置换这个动名词, 放在被
修饰词之后作定语。
a swimming pool
a pool for swimming
a pool used for swimming
Activity 2 现在分词
一、现在分词作定语
说明被修饰语与现在分词之间是“主谓关系 ”,通常单个的现在分词作前置定语,现在分
词短语作后置定语。
a developing country→a country that is developing 一个发展中国家 flying birds→birds that are flying 正在飞翔的鸟 smiling faces→faces that are smiling 笑脸 falling leaves→→leaves that are
falling 正在落下的叶子
They are visitors coming from several countries.
=They are visitors who come from several countries.
他们是来自几个国家的游客。
A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.
=A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday,一位写小说的年轻人昨天来向
我们作报告。
The lake lying in the west of Hangzhou is called the West Lake.
=The lake which lies in the west of Hangzhou is called the West Lake.位于杭州西部的那个湖泊
叫西湖。
二、现在分词作状语
1、作时间状语 现在分词作时间状语,相当于 when ,while ,after 等引导的时间状语从句。
一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时或相继发生。完成式表示动作先于谓语动词发生。
1. (hear) the exciting news ,we jumped with joy.
听到这个令人振奋的消息时,我们高兴地跳了起来。
2. (see) the old photos ,I remembered my childhood.
看到这些老照片时,我想起了我的童年。
3. (finish)the housework,she got ready to go shopping.
做完家务活之后,她准备去购物。
2 、作原因状语 现在分词作原因状语,相当于 because ,since ,as 等引导的原因状语从句。
原因通常早于结果,故现在分词多用完成式,但对于静态动词,如感知、认知动词 know,
see ,realise ,find ,think 等以及 be 动词,多用一般式。
1. (live)far from the company, Josie has to get up early every morning. 由于住得离
公司远,乔西每天早晨只好早起。
2. Not (know)her address or phone number, we couldn't get in touch with her. 由
于不知道她的地址或电话号码,我们无法与她取得联系。
3. (smoke)too much, he has suffered from lung cancer. 由于抽烟太多, 他患了肺癌。 3、作结果状语 现在分词作结果状语, 一般位于句末。前文表示原因, 现在分词表示造成的
必然结果。
The fire lasted nearly two days, nothing valuable.
大火持续了将近两天,没剩下有价值的东西。
My grandpa fell off the bike, his right arm and leg. 我爷爷从自行车上掉下来,
摔断了右胳膊和右腿。
It has rained for over ten days, the river to rise.
下了十多天雨,致使河水上涨。
4、作伴随状语 现在分词作伴随状语可位于句首或句末, 表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
现在分词是谓语动词的陪衬动作。
The professor put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, rather pleased.
教授把一个手指放进嘴里,尝了尝,笑了,看起来很高兴。
“Don't you know I'm one of you ” asked the bat, his teeth.“
难道你们不知道我是你们的成员之一吗? ”蝙蝠露出牙齿问。
I was in the kitchen , something.我在厨房煮东西。
5、作方式状语
那位来自日本的客人笑着进来了。
1. a stick, Ma Liang drew a horse on the ground in ten minutes.
马良用一根枝条十分钟之内就在地上画了一匹马。
2. his head high, the hero walked past the enemies.
那位英雄高昂着头从敌人身边走过。
3.The visitor from Japan comes in .
那位来自日本的客人笑着进来了。
6、作条件状语
现在分词作条件状语,相当于 if 引导的条件状语从句,通常使用一般式,位于句首。
Studying hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.
如果你努力学习,就一定会成功的。
1. straight down the road, you will find the hospital.
沿着这条路一直走,你就会找到那家医院。
2. hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.
如果你努力学习,就一定会成功的。
“祈使句+and+简单句 ”也具有上述用法,请比较它们之间的差异:
Going straight down the road, you will find the hospital.

Working hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.

________________________________________________________________
7、作让步状语
现在分词作让步状语,相当于 though/although ,even if/even though 等引导的让步状语
从句,此用法相对少见。
1. many times, I still have faith in my future.
=Though I have failed many times, I still have faith in my future.
尽管失败多次,我仍然对未来充满信心。
2. that he has made some progress, I still don't think he has tried his best.
我承认他取得了一些进步,但我仍然认
为他没有尽他最大的努力。
8、作程度状语
在一些习惯用法中,现在分词可以作程度状语,意为
“很,非常,极度 ”,相当于程度副词 very ,extremely 等。
I was boiling hot and sweaty.我浑身滚烫,大汗淋漓。
It's freezing cold today for October.
对于十月份来说,今天天气太冷了。
It was burning hot yesterday.昨天非常炎热。
Lanny is an amazing beautiful girl.
兰妮是一个非常漂亮的姑娘。
9、作评注性状语
有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在, 它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句, 表明
说话者的态度、观点、评价等,我们称这种状语为评注性状语。
Generally speaking , girls are more interested in literature than boys.一般说来,女孩比男孩更喜
欢文学。
1. , girls are more interested in literature than boys.一般说来,女孩比男孩更喜欢文学。
2 his actions, he is rather selfish.
从他的所作所为可以看出他相当自私。
注意:
分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致。否则,分词应有自己的逻辑主
语,构成“独立主格结构”。简言之,独立主格结构是自带主语的分词短语。
The clock striking twelve,I went to bed.
时钟敲响十二点时,我就上床睡觉了。
She lay against the wall,the sun shining upon her face.
她靠墙躺着,阳光照在她的脸上。
三、现在分词 doing 作宾补
1.形容词性现在分词作宾补
We think the report very encouraging.我们认为这个报告非常鼓舞人。 I considered the book
rather boring.我认为这本书相当枯燥。
2.动作性质的现在分词作宾补
Someone saw Jack watering flowers in the garden.有人看见杰克在花园里浇花。
She heard someone singing next door.她听到隔壁有人在唱歌。
I smelt something burning.我闻到有东西烧焦了。
I caught him reading my private letters.我发现他在偷看我的私人信件。
3.现在分词作宾补
Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her.有这么多双眼睛看着她, 玛丽感到很害羞。
With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.物价上涨这么快,我们买不起奢侈品
四、现在分词 doing 作表语
Tom's progress in English is satisfying.汤姆在英语上的进步是令人满意的。
The examination result is discouraging.考试结果很令人沮丧。
The story about space travelling is interesting.那个关于太空旅行的故事很有趣。
Activity 3 Summary
1 动名词
主 宾 表 定
2 现在分词
定 状 宾补 表
Activity 4 Assignment
课本 P53 完成第 2 、3 题,改写句子,完成与主题语境相关的语篇Unit5 First Aid
Discover Useful Structures
Grammar 学案
V-ing 形式复习
Learning objectives
1. 学会辨认动名词和动词-ing 形式
2、动词-ing 形式在句子中的各种成分、用法及功能。
Activity 1 分析动名词的用法
动名词作主语
1. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
Reading is important in learning English. 阅读在学习英语的过程中很重要。
2. Collecting stones and growing flowers are my father's hobby.
收集石头和种花是我父亲的爱好。
3. Finding a job is difficult these days.现在找工作不容易。
总结:动名词做主语的功能及用法
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Answers:
动名词(短语)作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。
单个的动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。由 and 连接的两个动名词(短语)作
主语时,谓语动词用复数;若主语指向同一内容,谓语动词仍然用单数。
注意 :
It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
It 's nice talking with you.与你交谈感觉真好。
It's really tiring working late like this.工作到这么晚真累人。
It is a waste of time talking about such a thing. 谈论这种事情是浪费时间。
动名词作主语, 有时可以用 it 作形式主语, 然后把动名词后置。常见于“It 'snouse/good/
fun/pleasure...”和“It ’s useful/useless/nice/worthwhile...”等句式中。
动名词作表语和主语转化
Collecting stamps is his hobby. 集邮是他的业余爱好。
Keeping the offices clean is her job. 保持办公室清洁是她的工作。
Teaching children music is her work. 教孩子们音乐是她的工作。
Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的全职工作。
His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的业余爱好是集邮。
→ stamps is his hobby. 集邮是他的业余爱好。
Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。
→ the offices clean is her job. 保持办公室清洁是她的工作
Answers: Collecting Keeping
注意:动名词作表语和现在分词作表语的区别
①动名词作表语, 表示一种抽象的一般性行为, 用来说明主语的内容, 与主语通常是同一概
念,表语和主语常可互换位置。
②现在分词作表语,表示主语的某种性质和特征,这类现在分词实际上已经变成了形容词,
也叫现在分词变来的形容词。
可以交换语法功能(主语和表语变换角色):
动名词作表语 Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.
现在分词作表语 The report is very disturbing. 这个报告令人感到非常不安。
动名词作宾语
动名词可以作 的宾语,也可以作 的宾语
Answers: 及物动词 介词
动名词及物动词的宾语 速记口诀
避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)
建议完成多练习(suggest,finish,practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can’thelp)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)
动名词作定语
动名词作定语, 它与被修饰词是目的与用途的关系, 说明被修饰词的属性、作用或功能, 说 明被修饰词是其逻辑主语。我们可以用 for doing 或 used for sth 来置换这个动名词, 放在被
修饰词之后作定语。
a swimming pool
a pool for swimming
a pool used for swimming
Activity 2 现在分词
一、现在分词作定语
说明被修饰语与现在分词之间是“主谓关系 ”,通常单个的现在分词作前置定语,现在分
词短语作后置定语。
a developing country→a country that is developing 一个发展中国家 flying birds→birds that are flying 正在飞翔的鸟 smiling faces→faces that are smiling 笑脸 falling leaves→→leaves that are
falling 正在落下的叶子
They are visitors coming from several countries.
=They are visitors who come from several countries.
他们是来自几个国家的游客。
A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.
=A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday,一位写小说的年轻人昨天来向
我们作报告。
The lake lying in the west of Hangzhou is called the West Lake.
=The lake which lies in the west of Hangzhou is called the West Lake.位于杭州西部的那个湖泊
叫西湖。
二、现在分词作状语
1、作时间状语 现在分词作时间状语,相当于 when ,while ,after 等引导的时间状语从句。
一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时或相继发生。完成式表示动作先于谓语动词发生。
1. (hear) the exciting news ,we jumped with joy.
听到这个令人振奋的消息时,我们高兴地跳了起来。
2. (see) the old photos ,I remembered my childhood.
看到这些老照片时,我想起了我的童年。
3. (finish)the housework,she got ready to go shopping.
做完家务活之后,她准备去购物。
Answers: Hearing Seeing Having finished
2 、作原因状语 现在分词作原因状语,相当于 because ,since ,as 等引导的原因状语从句。
原因通常早于结果,故现在分词多用完成式,但对于静态动词,如感知、认知动词 know,
see ,realise ,find ,think 等以及 be 动词,多用一般式。
1. (live)far from the company, Josie has to get up early every morning. 由于住得离
公司远,乔西每天早晨只好早起。
2. Not (know)her address or phone number, we couldn't get in touch with her. 由
于不知道她的地址或电话号码,我们无法与她取得联系。
3. (smoke)too much, he has suffered from lung cancer. 由于抽烟太多, 他患了肺癌。
Answers: Living knowing Having smoked
3、作结果状语 现在分词作结果状语, 一般位于句末。前文表示原因, 现在分词表示造成的
必然结果。
The fire lasted nearly two days, nothing valuable.
大火持续了将近两天,没剩下有价值的东西。
My grandpa fell off the bike, his right arm and leg. 我爷爷从自行车上掉下来,
摔断了右胳膊和右腿。
It has rained for over ten days, the river to rise.
下了十多天雨,致使河水上涨。
Answers: leaving breaking causing
4、作伴随状语 现在分词作伴随状语可位于句首或句末, 表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
现在分词是谓语动词的陪衬动作。
The professor put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, rather pleased.
教授把一个手指放进嘴里,尝了尝,笑了,看起来很高兴。
“Don't you know I'm one of you ” asked the bat, his teeth.“
难道你们不知道我是你们的成员之一吗? ”蝙蝠露出牙齿问。
I was in the kitchen , something.我在厨房煮东西。
Answers: looking showing cooking
5、作方式状语
那位来自日本的客人笑着进来了。
1. a stick, Ma Liang drew a horse on the ground in ten minutes.
马良用一根枝条十分钟之内就在地上画了一匹马。
2. his head high, the hero walked past the enemies.
那位英雄高昂着头从敌人身边走过。
3.The visitor from Japan comes in .
那位来自日本的客人笑着进来了。
Answers: Using Holding smiling
6、作条件状语
现在分词作条件状语,相当于 if 引导的条件状语从句,通常使用一般式,位于句首。
Studying hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.
如果你努力学习,就一定会成功的。
1. straight down the road, you will find the hospital.
沿着这条路一直走,你就会找到那家医院。
2. hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.
如果你努力学习,就一定会成功的。
“祈使句+and+简单句 ”也具有上述用法,请比较它们之间的差异:
Going straight down the road, you will find the hospital.

Working hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.

________________________________________________________________
Answers: Going Studying
Go straight down the road, and you will find the hospital.
Work hard at your lessons, and you are to succeed
7、作让步状语
现在分词作让步状语,相当于 though/although ,even if/even though 等引导的让步状语
从句,此用法相对少见。
1. many times, I still have faith in my future.
=Though I have failed many times, I still have faith in my future.
尽管失败多次,我仍然对未来充满信心。
2. that he has made some progress, I still don't think he has tried his best.
我承认他取得了一些进步,但我仍然认
为他没有尽他最大的努力。
Answers: Having failed Admitting
8、作程度状语
在一些习惯用法中,现在分词可以作程度状语,意为
“很,非常,极度 ”,相当于程度副词 very ,extremely 等。
I was boiling hot and sweaty.我浑身滚烫,大汗淋漓。
It's freezing cold today for October.
对于十月份来说,今天天气太冷了。
It was burning hot yesterday.昨天非常炎热。
Lanny is an amazing beautiful girl.
兰妮是一个非常漂亮的姑娘。
9、作评注性状语
有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在, 它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句, 表明
说话者的态度、观点、评价等,我们称这种状语为评注性状语。
Generally speaking , girls are more interested in literature than boys.一般说来,女孩比男孩更喜
欢文学。
1. , girls are more interested in literature than boys.一般说来,女孩比男孩更喜欢文学。
2 his actions, he is rather selfish.
从他的所作所为可以看出他相当自私。
Answers: Generally speaking Judging from
注意:
分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致。否则,分词应有自己的逻辑主
语,构成“独立主格结构”。简言之,独立主格结构是自带主语的分词短语。
The clock striking twelve,I went to bed.
时钟敲响十二点时,我就上床睡觉了。
She lay against the wall,the sun shining upon her face.
她靠墙躺着,阳光照在她的脸上。
三、现在分词 doing 作宾补
1.形容词性现在分词作宾补
We think the report very encouraging.我们认为这个报告非常鼓舞人。 I considered the book
rather boring.我认为这本书相当枯燥。
2.动作性质的现在分词作宾补
Someone saw Jack watering flowers in the garden.有人看见杰克在花园里浇花。
She heard someone singing next door.她听到隔壁有人在唱歌。
I smelt something burning.我闻到有东西烧焦了。
I caught him reading my private letters.我发现他在偷看我的私人信件。
3.现在分词作宾补
Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her.有这么多双眼睛看着她, 玛丽感到很害羞。
With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.物价上涨这么快,我们买不起奢侈品
四、现在分词 doing 作表语
Tom's progress in English is satisfying.汤姆在英语上的进步是令人满意的。
The examination result is discouraging.考试结果很令人沮丧。
The story about space travelling is interesting.那个关于太空旅行的故事很有趣。
Activity 3 Summary
1 动名词
主 宾 表 定
2 现在分词
定 状 宾补 表
Activity 4 Assignment
课本 P53 完成第 2 、3 题,改写句子,完成与主题语境相关的语篇

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