资源简介

2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模
英语试卷
(本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟)
第一卷
I. Listening Comprehension (25分)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. 15 dollars. B. 30 dollars. C. 35 dollars. D. 50 dollars.
2. A. Supervisor and student. B. Landlord and renter.
C. Doctor and patient. D. Roommates.
3. A. At home. B. On a pavement.
C. At a police station. D. In an alley.
4. A. Children should use social media moderately.
B. Children have unlimited access to social media.
C. Parents need to help children find their role models.
D. Parents should expose their children to social media.
5. A. On 15 August. B. On 16 August. C. On 17 August. D. On 19 August.
6. A. He didn’t get any sleep on the plane.
B. The fly with his baby was not easy.
C He appreciated the company of his baby.
D. He enjoyed watching movies on the plane.
7. A. To follow the fashion trend. B. To keep safe on the road.
C. To make himself appealing. D. To keep warm when cycling.
8. A. Mary will let out the secret. B. Mary hurts her own lips.
C. Mary doesn’t know the message. D. Mary is totally trustworthy.
9. A. Starting a school newspaper. B. Setting up businesses.
C. Looking for a roommate. D. Earning accommodation fee.
10. A. The woman should prioritize her study.
B. He is not a fan of the Universal Studios.
C. The woman is bad at remembering things.
D. The woman should enjoy the coming holiday.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Italians learn to accept their peculiarity.
B. Imperfect models in Italy redefine beauty.
C. Italian models appear in fashion shows in Milan.
D. Imperfect models accept their working conditions.
12. A. She suffered from severe hair loss.
B. She was injured and eventually got disabilities.
C. She has a medical condition that results in abnormal body size.
D. She has a health condition which causes dark spots on the body.
13. A. She establishes the first modelling agency in Italy.
B. She realizes and appreciating the things around her.
C. She transforms the way she perceives her weakness.
D. She gets involved an art movement or revolution.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Solid state batteries will first appear in electric vehicles.
B. Cost may discourage people from switching to electric power.
C. There are plenty of charging points to plug an electric vehicle into.
D. A fully charged battery will take you as far as a full tank of petrol.
15. A. Electric motoring is much more favored.
B. Electric motoring means a zero-carbon future.
C. Electric motoring is not completely emission-free
D. Electric motoring makes public transport less desirable.
16. A. The future of electric vehicles.
B. The development of electric vehicles.
C. The problem faced by electric vehicles.
D. The pros and cons of electric vehicles.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Family Budget. B. City Beats.
C. Weekly Education. D. Fashion Broadway.
18. A. The channel should hire smart hosts.
B. The channel should cancel Life Beats.
C. The channel should employ positive producers.
D. The channel should better design all its programs.
19. A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday. D. On Friday.
20. A. A TV interview by two people.
B. A program survey conducted by a TV channel
C. A customer’s complaint about TV programs.
D. A discussion about program target audience.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Why We Should Record Travel Moments
On a rainy summer day, I took a train to Switzerland and trekked through the mud to a medieval fortress high atop a cliff. After twisting through its dimly lit corridors, I finally _____1_____ (arrive) at the main viewpoint of Cave of the Fairies: a plunging 77m waterfall that shoots from underground into a sparkling pool. As the waterfall wet my jacket, I closed my eyes and took out my phone _____2_____ (record) the rush of dreamy reality before me.
I had come in search of a sound, not a sight.
Throughout my travels, I’ve found myself _____3_____ (collect) sound recordings the way other people collect souvenirs. Just as some travellers take photos of landscapes or their food, I started doing this as an artistic way to help me remember some of the most interesting details of my trips.
Environmental scientist Lauren Kuehne said, “I think that once you start to listen, once you actually start to listen, you start to appreciate how much _____4_____ (big) the world is.”
This attitude _____5_____ (echo) by Samara Kester, a retired emergency medicine physician who now serves on QPI’s board. “A photograph is two dimensions. _____6_____ you are looking at something you’re seeing, it’s maybe 180 degrees, maybe 270 degrees. Sound is 360 degrees. You hear it all around you.” Kester explained _____7_____ teaching herself to be a better listener has not only expanded her sense of travel, but helped her relive her travels once she’s back home. “You immerse _____8_____ in that place again. You recreate those memories and therefore recreate the feelings you had, _____9_____ are very hard to express clearly. You can re-experience that and that will send you to where you were before.”
Months later back in my L.A. home, I find myself popping on my headphones and listening back to the rush of falling water inside Cave of the Fairies. When I close my eyes, I ______10______ feel the spray of water against my skin, the sense of letting my ears lead me on a faraway adventure. Mentally, I’m right back there — if only for a moment.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. backfire B. compensate C. extend D. impressive E. meaningful F. measure G. needle H. overall I. perceive J. punishment K. typically
Why You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose Weight
Many of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting (or restarting) exercise regimens (练身计划) in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds. Unquestionably, aiming to be more active is good. But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well ___11___.
For starters, exercise — at least the kind most of us do — is ___12___ ineffective for weight loss. Take walking, for example. A 150-pound person who walks briskly for 30 minutes will burn, on average, around 140 calories. That’s equal to one can of soda — not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort. It’s much easier just to skip the soda.
Studies ___13___ show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for 30 minutes a day, five days a week — the amount recommended for good health — typically produces little or no weight loss by itself.
When moderate exercise is added to diet, the results are equally not ___14___. Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months.
In studies where exercise has produced ___15___ weight loss, participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per session on five or more days a week. To achieve that, sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do. And even if we manage to exert that much effort, our bodies often ___16___ by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism, effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed.
Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into ___17___. How many times have you heard someone say (or said yourself) “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner
The point is that we’re more likely to ___18___ exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight. The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress. Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger.
Of course, the benefits of physical activity ___19___ well beyond these. It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases. It can also improve sleep and boost energy.
By all means, striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health. But to improve the odds of success, focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and emotionally — and forget about how it moves the ____20____ on the scale.
III. Reading Comprehension (45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Anyone who has ever witnessed the miracle in which infants progress from mewling to “Mama” to “Mine!” knows how critical it is for youngsters to hear normally before they speak their first words. ___21___, many children who don’t talk by age two turn out to be deaf. The sooner their disability is discovered and ___22___, the less likely they are to fall behind in the development of important language and social skills. That is why a growing number of hearing specialists (audiologists) and parents are campaigning for ___23___ screening of newborns for hearing loss.
Their ___24___ has registered in some powerful ears. To date, 22 states have passed legislation requiring at least partial screening programs. Part of the push stems from ___25___ in technology that, among other things, allow children as young as two months to be ___26___ hearing aids. But there are limits to the technology. One thing parents should realize before they start is that the screening tests are far from ___27___. A bad result doesn’t necessarily indicate a problem.
Audiologists estimate that 3 out of every 1,000 babies are born with some kind of hearing loss. Of those three infants, one is profoundly deaf. About half the time, doctors can identify a possible cause, such as a birth weight less than 5 pounds, or a family history of ___28___. The rest of the time there is simply no ___29___ as to why a newborn’s hearing may have been affected.
The screening tests work by introducing a sound into a baby’s ear and then measuring either the ____30____ of the ear’s internal mechanisms or the electrical activity of the auditory portion of the brain (the auditory brain-stem response test). Just because a baby fails either test, ____31____, does not mean that there is a hearing problem. A temporary buildup of fluid in the ear canal or excessive noise in the nursery can ____32____ the results. For this reason, experts say, hospitals should ____33____ the screening tests for any baby who doesn’t pass the first time before telling the parents to consult an audiologist for more thorough testing.
It is at this stage that things get a bit ____34____. Though 20 of every 1,000 babies fail the two-step screen, most prove on further examination to be just fine. Is it worth ____35____ 17 families of perfectly normal children - not to mention asking them to spend several hundred dollars on advanced tests - to identify three infants with hearing loss
21. A. Indeed B. Meanwhile C. Occasionally D. Surprisingly
22. A. reported B. accepted C. treated D. tested
23. A. legal B. random C. further D. compulsory
24. A. charge B. complaint C. appeal D. pursuit
25. A. procedures B. advances C. practices D. insights
26. A. fitted with B. provided with C. entitled to D. attached to
27. A. reasonable B. imaginable C. reliable D. predictable
28. A. disorder B. blindness C. obesity D. deafness
29. A. solution B. clue C. reflection D. doubt
30. A. response B. volume C. capacity D. activity
31. A. however B. therefore C. for example D. after all
32. A. prove B. produce C. match D. affect
33. A. stop B. review C. repeat D. improve
34. A. shocking B. distracting C. unpredictable D. complicated
35. A. worrying B. classifying C. engaging D. prompting
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
“Calling all. This is our last cry before our eternal silence.” With that, in January 1997, the French coast guard transmitted its final message in Morse code.
Wrecked ships had radioed out SOS signals from the era of the Titanic. In near-instant time, the beeps could be decoded by Morse-code stations thousands of miles away. First used to send messages over land in 1844, Morse code outlived the telegraph age. But by the late 20th century, satellite radio was turning it into a dying language. In February 1999, it officially ceased being the standard for maritime communication.
Nestled within the Point Reyes National Seashore, north of San Francisco, KPH Maritime Radio is the last operational Morse-code radio station in North America. The station — which consists of two buildings some 25 miles apart — once watched over the waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It shut down in 1997, but a few years later, a couple of radio enthusiasts brought it back to life. The group has gotten slightly larger over the years, who call themselves the “radio squirrels”. Every Saturday, they beep out maritime news and weather reports. Much of their communication is with the SS Jeremiah O’Brien, a World War II-era ship permanently parked at a San Francisco pier.
Last July, the photographer Ann Hermes visited these “radio squirrels” and stepped into their time machine. To send a message, they tapped each Morse-code letter into a gadget, generating a loud noise that repeated throughout the whole building. “It’s almost like jazz,” Hermes told me — a music of rhythm and timing that can sound slightly different depending on who is doing the tapping. Some of the machines date back to World War II. The “radio squirrels” do their own repairs, and search eBay for replacement parts on the newer units.
Though many of the “radio squirrels” are retired or nearing retirement, Morse code is not quite extinct: The U.S. Navy still teaches it to a few sailors. Besides, in 2017, a British man who had broken his leg on a beach used it to signal for help in the dark with a flashlight.
36. What was Morse code used for in the era of the Titanic
A. Warning the coming of total silence.
B. Sending a signal for help or rescue.
C. Saving an endangered language.
D. Setting a standard for communication.
37. What does the underlined phrase “radio squirrels” refer to
A. The former staff of KPH Maritime Radio Station.
B. The crew of ship wreckage in San Francisco.
C. Those particularly passionate about radio stuff.
D. Those expert at playing instruments and jazz.
38. The Morse code machines can still be in good condition thanks to __________.
A. the frequent use by the “squirrels” to beep out news
B. the constant communication with experienced operators
C the repair and restore efforts made by the “squirrels”
D. the protection and maintenance made by the U.S. Navy
39. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage
A. Keep the “Jazz” Going
B. The Last Call from Sea
C Volunteers of Point Reyes
D. A Farewell to Radio
(B)
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40. How much will it cost you to get somebody a pound of smoked salmon and a bottle of champagne (with a message)
A. 20.25 B. 25.50 C. 14.50 D. Almost 18.00
41. What is the stuff you can buy that was produced on the day you were born
A. Birthday cards B. Christmas gifts C. Cigars D. Newspapers
42. Someone is offering a baby bath for sale and where can you get it
A. PARTYMANIA B. LADIES NARROW SHOWS
C. SILVER CROSS D. GOING IN TO BUSINESS
(C)
Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual.
Other Americans who have stood out from the flock include Joe DiMaggio, Beverly Sill, Ernest Hemingway and Jonas Salk. They, like Benny Goodman, were recognized and honored for no other reason than excellence.
It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head.
The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn’t work and make it work––these people are the very soul of capitalism.
Charles Kettering didn’t like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one’s capacity.
The ones with the purple hair and the funky jewelry are just along for the ride, trying to be “different” and not knowing how to go about it.
The student who earns straight A’s on his report card has grasped the idea and has found the real meaning of individuality. So has the youngster who has designed his own spaceship, who gives piano recitals, who paints pictures of the world around him.
Benny Goodman understood it too. This is why he was at his best, blowing his clarinet, in a blue suit and black shoes.
43. The author mentions the appearance of Benny Goodman to _________.
A. show what a talented musician should look like
B. introduce an important figure in the musical world
C. contrast with his talent in music performance
D. indicate that he can’t stand out from the flock
44. The author would most probably agree that _________.
A. an individualist tends to seek difference both in character and appearance
B. the essence of individualism lies in pursuing excellence to the full
C. being different in appearance is the very first step to being individual
D. those who strive to win the recognition of others are real individualists
45. According to the passage, which individual’s actions may not truly embody the essence of individualism
A. A scientist who conducts research solely advancing knowledge for the greater good rather than for personal recognition.
B. A social media influencer who conforms to popular opinions to maintain a large following.
C. An artist who creates unique works but fail to gain fame and recognition from others.
D. An entrepreneur who prioritizes ethical considerations over profit in his business practices.
46. For the main thread, the article is organized by way of __________.
A. specific to general B. cause and effect
C. examples and conclusion D. comparison and contrast
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
What motivates you to work or study harder Is it the thought of success and all the amazing things that you can achieve, or is it the fear of failure and worry about all the things that can go wrong for you ______47______ But is one better than the other
A recent study looked at the effect of fear-based strategies on British secondary school students. As is so often the case, it’s complicated. They found that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners. ______48______ It can in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise. The study also found that if students are disengaged and don’t care about the test in the first place, then, unsurprisingly, the fear of failure is not likely to motivate them.
Entrepreneurs often run the risk of failure. It’s a fact that most new companies will fail. ______49______ The personal consequences of failure can be significant, and so founders may be motivated to work harder to avoid them. A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem solving, as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues. However, the study also showed that it can lead to increased procrastination as people focus too much on what they personally fear, rather than what would be best for the business. If someone is less confident about their business idea, then they may find their decision-making negatively affected by their fears.
______50______ It can drive confident people to do better, but it can also increase our doubts and turn them into barriers.
A. Nevertheless, confidence plays a significant role in determining the effectiveness of fear-based motivation strategies.
B. However, if students are not confident, then fear-based approaches could trigger feelings of anxiety.
C. Leaders, managers, and teachers have often used one of these ideas to inspire people to work harder and achieve more.
D. Taken together, these studies show that fear-based motivation is complicated.
E. They may be inspired to learn new things that will help their business or find mentors who can support them.
F. But does this motivate or discourage business people Again, it’s not straightforward.
IV. Summary Writing (10分)
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Paying Allowances for Completing Chores
The practice of paying children an allowance became popular in America about 100 years ago. Nowadays, American kids on average receive about $800 per year in allowance. But the vast majority of American parents who pay allowance tie it to the completion of housework. Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores benefits their children, a range of experts expressed concern that tying allowance very closely to chores may not be ideal. In fact, the way chores work in many households worldwide points to another way.
Suniya Luthar, a psychologist, is against paying kids for chores. Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running. Luthar’s suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron Lieber, who advises that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about. “Kids should do chores,” he writes, “for the same reason adults do, because the chores need to be done, and not with the expectation of compensation.”
This argument has its critics, but considering the way chores are undertaken around the world may change people’s thinking. Professor David Lancy of Utah State University has studied how families around the world handle chores. At about 18 months of age, Lancy says, most children become eager to help their parents, and in many cultures, they begin helping with housework at that age. They begin with very simple tasks, but their responsibilities gradually increase. And they do these tasks without payment. Lancy contrasts this with what happens in America. “We deny our children’s attempts to help until they are 6 or 7 years old,” Lancy says, “when many have lost the desire to help and then try to motivate them with payment. The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as a stimulus to do housework, but to get children involved in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it.”
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二卷
V. Translation (15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 玛丽把不需要的物品收拾起来，为上课作准备。(put) (汉译英)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
53. 他考试的时候太紧张了，完全想不起这个单词。(escape) (汉译英)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
54. 由于大量接触到当地人的语言，约翰不知不觉就学会了当地口音。(before) (汉译英)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
55. 当我们在互联网上发布信息时，必须考虑潜在的后果，因为某些细节可能会被媒体误解或夸大。(likely) (汉译英)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
VI. Guided Writing (25分)
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
56. 随着人工智能的快速发展，ChatGPT已进入我们的生活，正逐渐影响我们的学习方式和体验，有人认为它会带来诸多便利，也有人心存顾虑。假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，学校贴吧就此话题正在热议，你对此很感兴趣，决定回帖响应。回帖内容应包括：
1.你是否支持使用ChatGPT;
2.你的理由。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1-5 CACAD 6-10 BBDCA 11-13 BDC 14-16 BCC 17-20 CBAB2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模
英语试卷
(本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟)
第一卷
I. Listening Comprehension (25分)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. 15 dollars. B. 30 dollars. C. 35 dollars. D. 50 dollars.
2. A. Supervisor and student. B. Landlord and renter.
C. Doctor and patient. D. Roommates.
3. A. At home. B. On a pavement.
C. At a police station. D. In an alley.
4. A. Children should use social media moderately.
B. Children have unlimited access to social media.
C. Parents need to help children find their role models.
D. Parents should expose their children to social media.
5. A. On 15 August. B. On 16 August. C. On 17 August. D. On 19 August.
6. A. He didn’t get any sleep on the plane.
B. The fly with his baby was not easy.
C. He appreciated the company of his baby.
D. He enjoyed watching movies on the plane.
7. A. To follow the fashion trend. B. To keep safe on the road.
C. To make himself appealing. D. To keep warm when cycling.
8. A. Mary will let out the secret. B. Mary hurts her own lips.
C. Mary doesn’t know the message. D. Mary is totally trustworthy.
9. A. Starting a school newspaper. B. Setting up businesses.
C. Looking for a roommate. D. Earning accommodation fee.
10. A. The woman should prioritize her study.
B. He is not a fan of the Universal Studios.
C. The woman is bad at remembering things.
D. The woman should enjoy the coming holiday.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Italians learn to accept their peculiarity.
B. Imperfect models in Italy redefine beauty.
C. Italian models appear in fashion shows in Milan.
D. Imperfect models accept their working conditions.
12. A. She suffered from severe hair loss.
B. She was injured and eventually got disabilities.
C. She has a medical condition that results in abnormal body size.
D. She has a health condition which causes dark spots on the body.
13. A. She establishes the first modelling agency in Italy.
B. She realizes and appreciating the things around her.
C. She transforms the way she perceives her weakness.
D. She gets involved an art movement or revolution.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Solid state batteries will first appear in electric vehicles.
B. Cost may discourage people from switching to electric power.
C. There are plenty of charging points to plug an electric vehicle into.
D. A fully charged battery will take you as far as a full tank of petrol.
15. A. Electric motoring is much more favored.
B. Electric motoring means a zero-carbon future.
C. Electric motoring is not completely emission-free
D. Electric motoring makes public transport less desirable.
16. A. The future of electric vehicles.
B. The development of electric vehicles.
C. The problem faced by electric vehicles.
D. The pros and cons of electric vehicles.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Family Budget. B. City Beats.
C. Weekly Education. D. Fashion Broadway.
18. A. The channel should hire smart hosts.
B. The channel should cancel Life Beats.
C. The channel should employ positive producers.
D. The channel should better design all its programs.
19. A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday. D. On Friday.
20. A. A TV interview by two people.
B. A program survey conducted by a TV channel
C. A customer’s complaint about TV programs.
D. A discussion about program target audience.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Why We Should Record Travel Moments
On a rainy summer day, I took a train to Switzerland and trekked through the mud to a medieval fortress high atop a cliff. After twisting through its dimly lit corridors, I finally _____1_____ (arrive) at the main viewpoint of Cave of the Fairies: a plunging 77m waterfall that shoots from underground into a sparkling pool. As the waterfall wet my jacket, I closed my eyes and took out my phone _____2_____ (record) the rush of dreamy reality before me.
I had come in search of a sound, not a sight.
Throughout my travels, I’ve found myself _____3_____ (collect) sound recordings the way other people collect souvenirs. Just as some travellers take photos of landscapes or their food, I started doing this as an artistic way to help me remember some of the most interesting details of my trips.
Environmental scientist Lauren Kuehne said, “I think that once you start to listen, once you actually start to listen, you start to appreciate how much _____4_____ (big) the world is.”
This attitude _____5_____ (echo) by Samara Kester, a retired emergency medicine physician who now serves on QPI’s board. “A photograph is two dimensions. _____6_____ you are looking at something you’re seeing, it’s maybe 180 degrees, maybe 270 degrees. Sound is 360 degrees. You hear it all around you.” Kester explained _____7_____ teaching herself to be a better listener has not only expanded her sense of travel, but helped her relive her travels once she’s back home. “You immerse _____8_____ in that place again. You recreate those memories and therefore recreate the feelings you had, _____9_____ are very hard to express clearly. You can re-experience that and that will send you to where you were before.”
Months later back in my L.A. home, I find myself popping on my headphones and listening back to the rush of falling water inside Cave of the Fairies. When I close my eyes, I ______10______ feel the spray of water against my skin, the sense of letting my ears lead me on a faraway adventure. Mentally, I’m right back there — if only for a moment.
【答案】1. arrived
2. to record
3. collecting
4. bigger 5. was echoed
6. When##While
7. how 8. yourself
9. which 10. can
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者喜欢在旅行中记录声音的原因。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：在穿过昏暗的走廊后，我终于到达了仙女洞的主要景点：一个77米高的瀑布从地下射入波光粼粼的池塘。根据上下文时态可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填arrived。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：瀑布淋湿了我的夹克，我闭上眼睛，拿出手机记录下眼前的梦幻现实。分析句子结构并结合句意，这里应用不定式，作目的状语。故填to record。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的旅行中，我发现自己像其他人收集纪念品一样收集录音。find sb. doing sth.意为“发现某人在做某事”，现在分词作宾补。故填collecting。
【4题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：我认为，一旦你开始倾听，你就会开始意识到世界大得多。根据空前的much可知，这里表示世界大得多，应用big的比较级bigger。故填bigger。
【5题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这种态度得到了Samara Kester的回应，她是一名退休的急诊医生，现在在QPI董事会任职。根据句意可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语This attitude和echo(附和)之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态，且主语为单数，谓语be动词应用was。故填was echoed。
【6题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：当你看着你看到的东西时，它可能是180度，可能是270度。分析句子结构，空处引导的是时间状语从句。根据从句中的looking at可知，这里表示延续性的动作，应用when或while引导。置于句首，首字母大写。故填When/While。
【7题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：Kester解释说，教会自己成为一个更好的倾听者不仅扩大了她的旅行感，而且帮助她在回家后重新体验旅行。分析句子结构，空处引导一个表语从句，且从句中主谓宾结构完整，这里表示方式，应用how。故填how。
【8题详解】
考查代词。句意：你再次沉浸在那个地方。根据句意，主语You和宾语指代的事同一人，所以宾语应用反身代词yourself。immerse oneself in意为“使某人自己沉浸在……中”。故填yourself。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：你重新创造了那些记忆，因此也重新创造了你的感觉，这些感觉很难清楚地表达出来。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为the feelings，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。故填which。
【10题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：当我闭上眼睛时，我能感觉到水喷在我的皮肤上，那种让耳朵带我去遥远冒险的感觉。空处应填情态动词。根据句意，这里表示能感觉到，再根据从句中的close可知，这里表示现在的状态，应用can。故填can。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. backfire B. compensate C. extend D. impressive E. meaningful F. measure G. needle H. overall I. perceive J. punishment K. typically
Why You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose Weight
Many of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting (or restarting) exercise regimens (练身计划) in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds. Unquestionably, aiming to be more active is good. But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well ___11___.
For starters, exercise — at least the kind most of us do — is ___12___ ineffective for weight loss. Take walking, for example. A 150-pound person who walks briskly for 30 minutes will burn, on average, around 140 calories. That’s equal to one can of soda — not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort. It’s much easier just to skip the soda.
Studies ___13___ show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for 30 minutes a day, five days a week — the amount recommended for good health — typically produces little or no weight loss by itself.
When moderate exercise is added to diet, the results are equally not ___14___. Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months.
In studies where exercise has produced ___15___ weight loss, participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per session on five or more days a week. To achieve that, sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do. And even if we manage to exert that much effort, our bodies often ___16___ by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism, effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed.
Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into ___17___. How many times have you heard someone say (or said yourself) “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner
The point is that we’re more likely to ___18___ exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight. The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress. Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger.
Of course, the benefits of physical activity ___19___ well beyond these. It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases. It can also improve sleep and boost energy.
By all means, striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health. But to improve the odds of success, focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and emotionally — and forget about how it moves the ____20____ on the scale.
【答案】11. A 12. K
13. H 14. D
15. E 16. B
17. J 18. I
19. C 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么不应该通过运动来减肥的几个原因。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：但如果主要是为了减肥，你的新年决心很可能适得其反。分析句子可知，空前为情态动词could，此处应为动词作句子的谓语成分，同时被副词well所修饰，backfire“适得其反”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：首先，运动——至少是我们大多数人做的那种——对减肥通常是无效的。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰形容词ineffective，typically“通常”为副词，符合句意。故选K项。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：总的来说，研究表明，做中等强度的有氧运动，比如每天步行30分钟，每周五天——这是保持身体健康的推荐量——通常只会产生很少或根本没有减肥效果。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词show，overall“总的来说”为副词，符合句意。故选H项。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当适度的运动加入到饮食中，结果同样不令人印象深刻。分析句子可知，空前为are系动词，此处应为形容词作表语，impressive“令人印象深刻的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在一些研究中，锻炼产生了显著的减肥效果，参与者每周坚持五天或更长时间，每次锻炼至少燃烧400到500卡路里。分析句子可知，空后weight loss为名词短语，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词短语，meaningful“有意义的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：即使我们付出了那么多的努力，我们的身体也会通过增加食欲和降低新陈代谢来进行补偿，随着时间的推移，这些影响会限制我们减掉的体重。分析句子可知，空格处应为动词作句子的谓语成分，compensate“补偿”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：也许通过锻炼来减肥的最大问题是，它把体育锻炼变成了一种惩罚。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语turn sth into sth“把……变成……”，所以此处为名词形式，punishment“惩罚”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：关键是，当我们关注自己的健康而不是体重时，我们更有可能积极地看待运动，并真正去做。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be likely to do，所以此处为动词形式，perceive“看待”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：当然，体育锻炼的好处远远不止这些。分析句子可知，此处为动词作句子的谓语成分，extend“扩展，伸出”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是为了提高成功的几率，把注意力集中在运动如何帮助你在身体和情感上感觉更好，而忘记它是如何在体重秤上移动指针的。分析句子可知，空前为定冠词the，此处应为名词形式，needle“指针”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。
III. Reading Comprehension (45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Anyone who has ever witnessed the miracle in which infants progress from mewling to “Mama” to “Mine!” knows how critical it is for youngsters to hear normally before they speak their first words. ___21___, many children who don’t talk by age two turn out to be deaf. The sooner their disability is discovered and ___22___, the less likely they are to fall behind in the development of important language and social skills. That is why a growing number of hearing specialists (audiologists) and parents are campaigning for ___23___ screening of newborns for hearing loss.
Their ___24___ has registered in some powerful ears. To date, 22 states have passed legislation requiring at least partial screening programs. Part of the push stems from ___25___ in technology that, among other things, allow children as young as two months to be ___26___ hearing aids. But there are limits to the technology. One thing parents should realize before they start is that the screening tests are far from ___27___. A bad result doesn’t necessarily indicate a problem.
Audiologists estimate that 3 out of every 1,000 babies are born with some kind of hearing loss. Of those three infants, one is profoundly deaf. About half the time, doctors can identify a possible cause, such as a birth weight less than 5 pounds, or a family history of ___28___. The rest of the time there is simply no ___29___ as to why a newborn’s hearing may have been affected.
The screening tests work by introducing a sound into a baby’s ear and then measuring either the ____30____ of the ear’s internal mechanisms or the electrical activity of the auditory portion of the brain (the auditory brain-stem response test). Just because a baby fails either test, ____31____, does not mean that there is a hearing problem. A temporary buildup of fluid in the ear canal or excessive noise in the nursery can ____32____ the results. For this reason, experts say, hospitals should ____33____ the screening tests for any baby who doesn’t pass the first time before telling the parents to consult an audiologist for more thorough testing.
It is at this stage that things get a bit ____34____. Though 20 of every 1,000 babies fail the two-step screen, most prove on further examination to be just fine. Is it worth ____35____ 17 families of perfectly normal children - not to mention asking them to spend several hundred dollars on advanced tests - to identify three infants with hearing loss
21. A. Indeed B. Meanwhile C. Occasionally D. Surprisingly
22. A. reported B. accepted C. treated D. tested
23. A. legal B. random C. further D. compulsory
24. A. charge B. complaint C. appeal D. pursuit
25. A. procedures B. advances C. practices D. insights
26. A. fitted with B. provided with C. entitled to D. attached to
27. A. reasonable B. imaginable C. reliable D. predictable
28. A. disorder B. blindness C. obesity D. deafness
29. A. solution B. clue C. reflection D. doubt
30. A. response B. volume C. capacity D. activity
31. A. however B. therefore C. for example D. after all
32. A. prove B. produce C. match D. affect
33. A. stop B. review C. repeat D. improve
34. A. shocking B. distracting C. unpredictable D. complicated
35. A. worrying B. classifying C. engaging D. prompting
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了儿童听力损失早期筛查至关重要，但是筛选测试远非可靠。体力损失的原因尚不清楚。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，很多两岁前不会说话的孩子后来都成了聋子。A. Indeed确实；B. Meanwhile与此同时；C. Occasionally偶尔地；D. Surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据下文“many children who don’t talk by age two turn out to be deaf.”可知，事实上，很多两岁前不会说话的孩子后来都成了聋子。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的残疾越早被发现和治疗，他们在重要的语言和社交技能发展方面落后的可能性就越小。A. reported报道；B. accepted接受；C. treated 对待，治疗；D. tested测试。根据上文“The sooner their disability is discovered”可知，早发现早治疗。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么越来越多的听力专家和家长正在为新生儿的听力损失进行强制性筛查。A. legal合法的；B. random随意的；C. further进一步的；D. compulsory义务的，强制的。根据上文“The sooner their disability is discovered and ___2___ , the less likely they are to fall behind in the development of important language and social skills.”可知，早发现早治疗，所以强制筛查。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的呼吁已经被一些有权势的人听到了。A. charge收费；B. complaint抱怨；C. appeal 吸引，呼吁；D. pursuit追求。根据上文“That is why a growing number of hearing specialists (audiologists) and parents are campaigning for ___3___ screening of newborns for hearing loss.”可知，这是他们的呼吁。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种推动部分源于技术的进步，其中包括让两个月大的孩子就能戴上助听器。A. procedures程序；B. advances进步；C. practices事件；D. insights洞察力；眼力。根据下文“in technology”可知，推动部分源于技术的进步。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这种推动部分源于技术的进步，其中包括让两个月大的孩子就能戴上助听器。A. fitted with装上；B. provided with提供；C. entitled to有权享有；D. attached to附属。根据常识可知，助听器是装在孩子的耳朵上的。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父母在开始之前应该意识到的一件事是，筛选测试远非可靠。A. reasonable合理的；B. imaginable可想象的；C. reliable可依靠的；D. predictable可预测的。根据下文“A bad result doesn’t necessarily indicate a problem.”可知，筛选测试远非可靠。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约有一半的时间，医生可以确定一个可能的原因，比如出生体重不到5磅，或者有耳聋的家族史。A. disorder混乱；B. blindness 失明；C. obesity肥胖；D. deafness 聋。根据上文“hearing loss”可知，说明听力损失的原因是有耳聋的家族史造成的。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在其他时间里，对于新生儿的听力受到影响的原因根本没有任何线索。A. solution解决措施；B. clue线索；C. reflection反射；D. doubt怀疑。根据上文“About half the time, doctors can identify a possible cause, such as a birth weight less than 5 pounds, or a family history of ___8___”可知，在其他时间里，对于新生儿的听力受到影响的原因根本没有任何线索。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：筛选测试的工作原理是将声音引入婴儿的耳朵，然后测量耳朵内部机制的反应或大脑听觉部分的电活动(听觉脑干反应测试)。A. response回应；B. volume 体积，容积；C. capacity能力；D. activity活动。根据下文“the ear’s internal mechanisms”可知，测试额是耳朵内部机制的反应。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，仅仅因为婴儿没有通过任何一项测试，并不意味着有听力问题。A however然而；B. therefore因此；C. for example例如；D. after all毕竟。根据句意可知，前后为转折关系。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：耳道内暂时积聚的液体或托儿所内过度的噪音都会影响结果。A. prove证明是；B. produce制造；C. match匹配；D. affect影响。根据上文“A temporary buildup of fluid in the ear canal or excessive noise”可知，耳道内暂时积聚的液体或托儿所内过度的噪音都会影响结果。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于这个原因，专家说，医院应该对任何第一次没有通过的婴儿重复筛查测试，然后告诉父母咨询听力学家进行更彻底的测试。A. stop停止；B. review复习；C. repeat重复； D. improve提高。根据下文“who doesn’t pass the first time”可知，第一次没有通过的婴儿要进行重复筛查测试。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个阶段，事情变得有点复杂。 A. shocking令人震惊的；B. distracting分心的； C. unpredictable不可预测的；D. complicated复杂的。因为重复筛查和彻底的测试，所以变得复杂了。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：17个有完全正常孩子的家庭——更不用说要求他们花几百美元进行高级测试——来筛查出三个听力损失的婴儿，这值得担心吗？A. worrying担忧；B. classifying澄清；C. engaging参与；D. prompting 促使。根据上文“17 families of perfectly normal children”可知，因为是17个有完全正常孩子的家庭，所以不用担心筛查结果。故选A项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
“Calling all. This is our last cry before our eternal silence.” With that, in January 1997, the French coast guard transmitted its final message in Morse code.
Wrecked ships had radioed out SOS signals from the era of the Titanic. In near-instant time, the beeps could be decoded by Morse-code stations thousands of miles away. First used to send messages over land in 1844, Morse code outlived the telegraph age. But by the late 20th century, satellite radio was turning it into a dying language. In February 1999, it officially ceased being the standard for maritime communication.
Nestled within the Point Reyes National Seashore, north of San Francisco, KPH Maritime Radio is the last operational Morse-code radio station in North America. The station — which consists of two buildings some 25 miles apart — once watched over the waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It shut down in 1997, but a few years later, a couple of radio enthusiasts brought it back to life. The group has gotten slightly larger over the years, who call themselves the “radio squirrels”. Every Saturday, they beep out maritime news and weather reports. Much of their communication is with the SS Jeremiah O’Brien, a World War II-era ship permanently parked at a San Francisco pier.
Last July, the photographer Ann Hermes visited these “radio squirrels” and stepped into their time machine. To send a message, they tapped each Morse-code letter into a gadget, generating a loud noise that repeated throughout the whole building. “It’s almost like jazz,” Hermes told me — a music of rhythm and timing that can sound slightly different depending on who is doing the tapping. Some of the machines date back to World War II. The “radio squirrels” do their own repairs, and search eBay for replacement parts on the newer units.
Though many of the “radio squirrels” are retired or nearing retirement, Morse code is not quite extinct: The U.S. Navy still teaches it to a few sailors. Besides, in 2017, a British man who had broken his leg on a beach used it to signal for help in the dark with a flashlight.
36. What was Morse code used for in the era of the Titanic
A. Warning the coming of total silence.
B. Sending a signal for help or rescue.
C. Saving an endangered language.
D. Setting a standard for communication.
37. What does the underlined phrase “radio squirrels” refer to
A. The former staff of KPH Maritime Radio Station.
B. The crew of ship wreckage in San Francisco.
C. Those particularly passionate about radio stuff.
D. Those expert at playing instruments and jazz.
38. The Morse code machines can still be in good condition thanks to __________.
A. the frequent use by the “squirrels” to beep out news
B. the constant communication with experienced operators
C. the repair and restore efforts made by the “squirrels”
D. the protection and maintenance made by the U.S. Navy
39. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage
A. Keep the “Jazz” Going
B. The Last Call from Sea
C. Volunteers of Point Reyes
D. A Farewell to Radio
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. C 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了摩尔斯电码的用途、历史和复兴。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Wrecked ships had radioed out SOS signals from the era of the Titanic.(从泰坦尼克号时代起，失事船只就通过无线电发出求救信号)”可知，在泰坦尼克号时代，摩尔斯电码被用来发送求救信号。故选B。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线短语前的“who call themselves”可知，radio squirrels指代的是themselves，再根据句中的“The group has gotten slightly larger over the years”和前一句中的“a few years later, a couple of radio enthusiasts brought it back to life”可知，这个群体是一群无线电爱好者。故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The “radio squirrels” do their own repairs, and search eBay for replacement parts on the newer units.(“无线电松鼠”自己修理，并在eBay上搜索较新设备的更换部件)”可知，由于“无线电松鼠”的修理和修复工作，摩尔斯电码机器依然运转良好。故选C。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的““It’s almost like jazz,” Hermes told me — a music of rhythm and timing that can sound slightly different depending on who is doing the tapping.(Hermes告诉我：“这几乎就像爵士乐。”这是一种有节奏的音乐，根据敲击者的不同，听起来可能略有不同)”和最后一段“Though many of the “radio squirrels” are retired or nearing retirement, Morse code is not quite extinct: The U.S. Navy still teaches it to a few sailors. Besides, in 2017, a British man who had broken his leg on a beach used it to signal for help in the dark with a flashlight.(尽管许多“无线电松鼠”已经退休或即将退休，但摩尔斯电码并没有完全灭绝：美国海军仍将其教给少数水手。此外，2017年，一名在海滩上摔断腿的英国男子在黑暗中用手电筒发出求救信号)”可知，本文主要介绍了摩尔斯电码的用途、历史和复兴，文中指出摩尔斯电码像爵士乐。由此可知，A项“让“爵士乐”继续下去”最适合作本文标题。故选A。
(B)
BILLIARD TABLES bought and sold. Mr Villis. (02805)66(Bucks). GIFT CHAMPAGNE. We post a bottle with your message. From 14.50 incl. Orders or details 0642 45733 CHRISTINE’S beauty treatment and body therapy.402 6499, 0473 4004
SMOKED SALMON 8oz sliced 5.75 1lb sliced 11, 2lb 4oz side 16.90, 2lb 8oz side 19.50, 400 gms offcuts 5. Prices include UK 1st class postage. Cheques with order. Cornish Smoked Fish Co. Ltd, Charlestown. St. Austell, Cornwell. HAVANA CIGARS And other fine cigars at wholesale prices. Send for list to James Jordan Ltd, Shelly, Huddars-field. Tel: 0484 60227 C-SCOPE METAL DETECTORS. The ideal family gift to treasure from 39.99 to 449.50. Tel. Ashford (0233) 2918 today for free colour brochure. BEAUTIFUL farm estate, total 700 acres. Diplomats 4 bed 1832 house, 220,000 ono.0639 73082 5 BEDROOMED HOUSE in quiet mid-Wales village. 1 acre of land, fishing and shooting available. 42,000. Tel: 059 787 687 (after 6 p. m.).
400-YEAR-OLD thatched cottage between Winchester/ Basingstoke: 3 dble beds, sec gdn &extras. 110, 000. (0962)88109 CHATEAU LATOUR, 1964.24 bottles, 75 each. Phone (0227) 9848 evenings. GOING IN TO BUSINESS Send 7.45 inc p&p for ‘The Beginners Guide to Success in Business.’ Comquip Ltd, 189 Highview, Meopham, Gravesend, Kent. (0732) 22315. THE TIMES (1814-1985). This Xmas give someone an original issue dated the very day they were born, 12, 50 or 2 for 21. Tel 01-486 6305 or 0492 3314 PARTYMANIA, everything for your party in one “fun-tastic” store. - 179 Kingston Road, Oxford 51339, own parking. 37685
SILVER CROSS detachable coach Pram (navy), shopping tray, excellent clean condition, 30; Carry Cot, 5; Baby Bath, 2.50; Atari system, joystick and paddle sticks, in good working order, needs a new mains adapter, 40; 5 Atari Cassettes, 10 each, very good condition, ideal Xmas presents. Apply 34 Kynaston Road, Didcot, Oxon. evenings. 215702 OXFORD: lively divorcee, mid forties, bored with solitude and the cat, seeks male, preferably tall, to share local pleasures and pastimes, music, the arts etc. Box (50) 2050.
LADIES NARROW SHOWS. AA and narrower sizes 2-11. Also wide EE. SAE Muriel Hitchcock Shoes, 3b Castle Mews, Arundel BN18 9DG.
HAVE a very happy birthday Paul!
40. How much will it cost you to get somebody a pound of smoked salmon and a bottle of champagne (with a message)
A. 20.25 B. 25.50 C. 14.50 D. Almost 18.00
41 What is the stuff you can buy that was produced on the day you were born
A. Birthday cards B. Christmas gifts C. Cigars D. Newspapers
42. Someone is offering a baby bath for sale and where can you get it
A. PARTYMANIA B. LADIES NARROW SHOWS
C. SILVER CROSS D. GOING IN TO BUSINESS
【答案】40. B 41. D 42. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了一系列商品的相关信息。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“From 14.50 incl.”以及“1 lb sliced 11”可知，一瓶香槟的价格是 14.50，1磅熏三文鱼切片11英镑。所以共支付： 25.50。故选B项。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据“THE TIMES (1814-1985). This Xmas give someone an original issue dated the very day they were born…”（今年的圣诞节，送某人一张他们出生当天的报纸原件）可知，你出生那天能买到的东西是报纸。故选D项。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据SILVER CROSS中的“Baby Bath”（ 婴儿沐浴品）可知，在SILVER CROSS可以买到婴儿沐浴品。故选C项。
(C)
Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual.
Other Americans who have stood out from the flock include Joe DiMaggio, Beverly Sill, Ernest Hemingway and Jonas Salk. They, like Benny Goodman, were recognized and honored for no other reason than excellence.
It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head.
The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn’t work and make it work––these people are the very soul of capitalism.
Charles Kettering didn’t like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one’s capacity.
The ones with the purple hair and the funky jewelry are just along for the ride, trying to be “different” and not knowing how to go about it.
The student who earns straight A’s on his report card has grasped the idea and has found the real meaning of individuality. So has the youngster who has designed his own spaceship, who gives piano recitals, who paints pictures of the world around him.
Benny Goodman understood it too. This is why he was at his best, blowing his clarinet, in a blue suit and black shoes.
43. The author mentions the appearance of Benny Goodman to _________.
A. show what a talented musician should look like
B. introduce an important figure in the musical world
C contrast with his talent in music performance
D. indicate that he can’t stand out from the flock
44. The author would most probably agree that _________.
A. an individualist tends to seek difference both in character and appearance
B. the essence of individualism lies in pursuing excellence to the full
C. being different in appearance is the very first step to being individual
D those who strive to win the recognition of others are real individualists
45. According to the passage, which individual’s actions may not truly embody the essence of individualism
A. A scientist who conducts research solely advancing knowledge for the greater good rather than for personal recognition.
B. A social media influencer who conforms to popular opinions to maintain a large following.
C. An artist who creates unique works but fail to gain fame and recognition from others.
D. An entrepreneur who prioritizes ethical considerations over profit in his business practices.
46. For the main thread, the article is organized by way of __________.
A. specific to general B. cause and effect
C. examples and conclusion D. comparison and contrast
【答案】43. C 44. B 45. B 46. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是个人主义，个人主义有什么特点。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. (那些有幸观看本尼·古德曼工作的人看到的是一个相当普通的人，戴着无框眼镜，穿着保守的西装;但他们也看到了一个能演奏单簧管的人，在这之前和之后都没有人能做到。这使本尼·古德曼成为一个独特的个体。)”可知，作者提到本尼·古德曼的外表与他在音乐表演方面的天赋形成对比。故选C。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn’t work and make it work—these people are the very soul of capitalism. (个性的全部目的就是追求卓越。那些发明创造，即兴发挥，比别人更了解一个主题，并采取无效的东西，并使其发挥作用的人-这些人是资本主义的灵魂。)”可知，作者可能同意个人主义的本质在于追求卓越。故选B。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Charles Kettering didn’t like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one’s capacity. (查尔斯·凯特林不喜欢用曲棍发动汽车，所以他发明了电动启动器。亨利·福特发明了装配线技术，使大规模生产汽车成为可能，而电梯的发明者伊莱沙·奥蒂斯间接地创造了城市的天际线。这些人明白，个人主义意味着尽自己最大的努力工作。)”可知，一个符合大众观点保持大量追随者的社交媒体影响者不能真正体现个人主义的本质。故选B。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. (那些有幸观看本尼·古德曼工作的人看到的是一个相当普通的人，戴着无框眼镜，穿着保守的西装;但他们也看到了一个能演奏单簧管的人，在这之前和之后都没有人能做到。这使本尼·古德曼成为一个独特的个体。)”和第三段“It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head. (比别人做得更好让我们与众不同。然而，令人惊讶的是，仍有相当多的人认为个性只是表面现象。他们穿着花哨的衣服，把头发染成奇怪的颜色，用纹身装饰自己的皮肤，以表达某种社会声明。但是一个把头发染成紫色或橙色的普通人只不过是一个长着滑稽脑袋的人。)”可知，本文主要采用比较和对比的方式进行组织。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
What motivates you to work or study harder Is it the thought of success and all the amazing things that you can achieve, or is it the fear of failure and worry about all the things that can go wrong for you ______47______ But is one better than the other
A recent study looked at the effect of fear-based strategies on British secondary school students. As is so often the case, it’s complicated. They found that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners. ______48______ It can in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise. The study also found that if students are disengaged and don’t care about the test in the first place, then, unsurprisingly, the fear of failure is not likely to motivate them.
Entrepreneurs often run the risk of failure. It’s a fact that most new companies will fail. ______49______ The personal consequences of failure can be significant, and so founders may be motivated to work harder to avoid them. A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem solving, as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues. However, the study also showed that it can lead to increased procrastination as people focus too much on what they personally fear, rather than what would be best for the business. If someone is less confident about their business idea, then they may find their decision-making negatively affected by their fears.
______50______ It can drive confident people to do better, but it can also increase our doubts and turn them into barriers.
A. Nevertheless, confidence plays a significant role in determining the effectiveness of fear-based motivation strategies.
B. However, if students are not confident, then fear-based approaches could trigger feelings of anxiety.
C. Leaders, managers, and teachers have often used one of these ideas to inspire people to work harder and achieve more.
D. Taken together, these studies show that fear-based motivation is complicated.
E. They may be inspired to learn new things that will help their business or find mentors who can support them.
F. But does this motivate or discourage business people Again, it’s not straightforward.
【答案】47. C 48. B 49. F 50. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了基于恐惧的激励策略具有复杂性。
【47题详解】
前文“Is it the thought of success and all the amazing things that you can achieve, or is it the fear of failure and worry about all the things that can go wrong for you (是对成功和你能取得的所有惊人成就的想法，还是对失败的恐惧和对所有可能出错的事情的担忧？)”讲述了两种不同的激励因素，后文“But is one better than the other (但是一个比另一个好吗？)”反问是否一个因素比另一个更好，由此可知，空处应讲述这两种因素经常被用来激励人们，C项“领导者、管理者和教师经常使用其中一种想法来激励人们更加努力地工作，取得更多成就。”符合题意，选项中的“these ideas”指代前文提到的两种激励因素。故选C。
【48题详解】
前文“They found that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners.(他们发现，如果一项测试被视为重要的，并且学生对自己能够成功持乐观态度，那么老师可以成功地利用对失败的恐惧来激励这些学习者。)”讲述了在一项测试被认为非常重要且学生对该测试持乐观态度的情况下，老师可以有效利用对失败的恐惧来激励学生，后文“It can in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise.(这反过来会导致他们在测试中表现得比其他情况下更差。)”讲述了会导致学生表现差，由此可知，空处讲述的应是不能有效利用对失败的恐惧进行激励的情况，B项“然而，如果学生不自信，那么基于恐惧的方法可能会引发焦虑感。”符合题意，However表明前后之间为转折关系。故选B。
【49题详解】
根据后文的“The personal consequences of failure can be significant, and so founders may be motivated to work harder to avoid them. A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem solving, as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues. However, the study also showed that it can lead to increased procrastination as people focus too much on what they personally fear, rather than what would be best for the business.(失败的个人后果可能是巨大的，因此创始人可能会被激励更加努力地工作以避免失败。一项针对英国和加拿大企业家的研究发现，对失败的恐惧可以改善问题的解决，因为人们有动力预测和解决潜在的问题。然而，这项研究也表明，这会导致拖延症的增加，因为人们过于关注他们个人害怕的事情，而不是对企业最有利的事情。)”可知，对失败的恐惧既可以有助于解决问题，也可以导致拖延症，由此可知，这种激励因素的有效性很复杂，F项“但这是激励还是阻碍了商界人士？再说一遍，这并不简单。”符合题意，选项中的“Again, it’s not straightforward”与前一段中的“As is so often the case, it’s complicated”照应。故选F。
【50题详解】
根据后文“It can drive confident people to do better, but it can also increase our doubts and turn them into barriers.(它可以驱使自信的人做得更好，但也会增加我们的疑虑，并将其转化为障碍。)”并结合上文对学生和商业人士的分析可知，基于恐惧的激励是复杂的，所以D项“总之，这些研究表明，基于恐惧的动机是复杂的。”符合题意，选项中的“Taken together”表明这是总结。故选D。
IV. Summary Writing (10分)
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Paying Allowances for Completing Chores
The practice of paying children an allowance became popular in America about 100 years ago. Nowadays, American kids on average receive about $800 per year in allowance. But the vast majority of American parents who pay allowance tie it to the completion of housework. Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores benefits their children, a range of experts expressed concern that tying allowance very closely to chores may not be ideal. In fact, the way chores work in many households worldwide points to another way.
Suniya Luthar, a psychologist, is against paying kids for chores. Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running. Luthar’s suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron Lieber, who advises that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about. “Kids should do chores,” he writes, “for the same reason adults do, because the chores need to be done, and not with the expectation of compensation.”
This argument has its critics, but considering the way chores are undertaken around the world may change people’s thinking. Professor David Lancy of Utah State University has studied how families around the world handle chores. At about 18 months of age, Lancy says, most children become eager to help their parents, and in many cultures, they begin helping with housework at that age. They begin with very simple tasks, but their responsibilities gradually increase. And they do these tasks without payment. Lancy contrasts this with what happens in America. “We deny our children’s attempts to help until they are 6 or 7 years old,” Lancy says, “when many have lost the desire to help and then try to motivate them with payment. The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as a stimulus to do housework, but to get children involved in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it.”
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paying children allowances for chores is quite common in America. However, critics hold that chores are necessary for the maintenance of household and that they shouldn’t be tied to payment. In contrast with many other cultures, where children are involved in housework at early ages without payment, critics propose Americans shifting from financial incentives to intrinsic motivation for household contributions.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。许多家长认为支付家务活的津贴对孩子有好处，但许多专家表示担心，将津贴与家务活紧密联系起来可能并不理想。文章主要介绍了一些专家的观点。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①The practice of paying children an allowance became popular in America about 100 years ago.
②But the vast majority of American parents who pay allowance tie it to the completion of housework.
③In fact, the way chores work in many households worldwide points to another way.
④Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running.
⑤The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as a stimulus to do housework, but to get children involved in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it.
2. 缜密构思
将1、2要点进行整合，3、4、5要点进行重组
3. 遣词造句
It is common that children are paid allowances for chores in America.
However, critics reckon that chores are necessary for the maintenance of household, which shouldn’t be tied to payment.
In contrast with many other cultures, in which children are engaged in housework at early ages without payment, critics propose that Americans should shift from financial incentives to intrinsic motivation for household contributions.
【点睛】【高分句型1】However, critics hold that chores are necessary for the maintenance of household and that they shouldn’t be tied to payment. （that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】 In contrast with many other cultures, where children are involved in housework at early ages without payment, critics propose Americans shifting from financial incentives to intrinsic motivation for household contributions.（where引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二卷
V. Translation (15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 玛丽把不需要的物品收拾起来，为上课作准备。(put) (汉译英)
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【答案】Mary put away the unnecessary items (so as) to get ready for class.
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时，形容词，动词不定式，固定短语。“玛丽”为Mary，put away意为“收起，放好”为固定短语，“不必要的”为unnecessary，item意为“物品”为可数名词，此处应使用复数，且特指不必要的物品，所以需要加上定冠词the；所以前半句为Mary put away the unnecessary items。表示“为了做某事”用so as to do sth.或者to do sth.；“为……做准备”为get ready for sth.，所以后半句为(so as) to get ready for class。故答案为Mary put away the unnecessary items (so as) to get ready for class.
53. 他考试的时候太紧张了，完全想不起这个单词。(escape) (汉译英)
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【答案】He was so nervous in/ during the exam that the word escaped him completely.
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时，形容词，结果状语从句，介词，副词。根据汉语提示可知，此处“由于考试太紧张，以至于他完全想不起这个单词”，所以需要使用结果状语从句，so+adj.+that从句。表示“紧张的”用nervous，“在考试中”用during/in the exam；“完全想不起这个单词”意味着这个单词“逃离了他”。“单词”为word；“escape”意为逃脱，逃离；“完全地”为completely；此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故答案为He was so nervous in/ during the exam that the word escaped him completely.
54. 由于大量接触到当地人的语言，约翰不知不觉就学会了当地口音。(before) (汉译英)
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【答案】Through heavy exposure to/ Exposed a lot to local people’s speech/ language, John acquired/picked up their accent before he realized it.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语、动词短语、名词、时间状语从句和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“由于大量接触到当地人的语言”应为介词短语Through heavy exposure/Exposed a lot to local people’s speech；表示“学会，习得”应为动词短语pick up；表示“他们的口音”为名词短语their accent；后接连词before引导的时间状语从句，表示“意识到”为动词realize；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，所以为一般过去时。故翻译为：Through heavy exposure to/ Exposed a lot to local people’s speech/ language, John acquired/picked up their accent before he realized it.
55. 当我们在互联网上发布信息时，必须考虑潜在的后果，因为某些细节可能会被媒体误解或夸大。(likely) (汉译英)
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【答案】When we post information on the Internet, it’s essential to consider its potential consequences, as certain details are likely to be misinterpreted or overstated by the media.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、固定句型和时态。根据句中的“当……时”可知，这里应用when引导时间状语从句，根据句中的“因为……”可知，这里应用as引导原因状语从句。“在互联网上”可表示为on the Internet；“发布信息”可表示为post information；“必须……”可用固定句型it’s essential to do...表示；“考虑”可表示为consider；“潜在的”可表示为potential；“后果”可表示为consequences；“某些细节”可表示为certain details；“可能……”可用固定句型be likely to do...表示，主语为certain details，谓语应用复数形式；“媒体”可表示为the media；“误解”可表示为misinterpret；“夸大”可表示为overstate。根据句意可知，这里陈述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时。故本句可翻译为：When we post information on the Internet, it’s essential to consider its potential consequences, as certain details are likely to be misinterpreted or overstated by the media.
VI. Guided Writing (25分)
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
56. 随着人工智能的快速发展，ChatGPT已进入我们的生活，正逐渐影响我们的学习方式和体验，有人认为它会带来诸多便利，也有人心存顾虑。假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，学校贴吧就此话题正在热议，你对此很感兴趣，决定回帖响应。回帖内容应包括：
1.你是否支持使用ChatGPT;
2.你的理由。
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【答案】As a student at Mingqi High School, I am intrigued by the ongoing discussion surrounding the integration of ChatGPT into our lives amidst the rapid development of artificial intelligence. Regarding the use of ChatGPT, I am cautiously supportive, recognizing both its potential benefits and concerns.
Firstly, I support the use of ChatGPT because of its convenience and accessibility. With ChatGPT, we have instant access to information and assistance, which can greatly enhance our learning experiences. Whether it’s clarifying concepts, practicing language skills, or receiving personalized feedback, ChatGPT offers valuable support that complements traditional learning methods.
Additionally, ChatGPT can foster creativity and exploration. By interacting with ChatGPT, students have the opportunity to engage in stimulating conversations, explore new ideas, and expand their knowledge in diverse subjects. This interactive learning experience can spark curiosity, inspire innovation, and encourage independent thinking among students.
However, I also acknowledge the need for caution when using ChatGPT. As with any technology, there are concerns about privacy, accuracy, and overreliance. It’s essential to use ChatGPT responsibly, critically evaluate the information it provides, and maintain a balance between technological assistance and independent learning.
In conclusion, while I support the use of ChatGPT as a valuable tool in education, it’s important to approach its integration thoughtfully and mindfully to maximize its benefits while addressing potential challenges. (word: 217)
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。随着人工智能的快速发展，ChatGPT已进入我们的生活，正逐渐影响我们的学习方式和体验，有人认为它会带来诸多便利，也有人心存顾虑。假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，学校贴吧就此话题正在热议，你对此很感兴趣，决定回帖响应。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提高，促进：enhance→prompt/facilitate
鼓励：inspire→motivate
重要的：essential→vital
总之：in conclusion→to conclude
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Firstly, I support the use of ChatGPT because of its convenience and accessibility.
拓展句：Firstly, I support the use of ChatGPT because it is convenient and accessible.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Whether it’s clarifying concepts, practicing language skills, or receiving personalized feedback, ChatGPT offers valuable support that complements traditional learning methods.（运用了whether...or引导的让步状语从句）
【高分句型2】With ChatGPT, we have instant access to information and assistance, which can greatly enhance our learning experiences.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
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