资源简介

押天津卷36~55题
阅读理解之推理判断题+主旨大意题
核心考点 考情统计 考向预测 备考策略
推理判断题 【2023年第二次】 Q42；Q45 【2023年第一次】 Q40；Q41；Q48；Q50；Q54 【2022年第二次】 Q41；Q43；Q46；Q47；Q48；Q49； Q50；Q53；Q54 2024年高考天津卷还会考查推理判断题，一般在试卷中考查占50%以上的阅读理解小题的比率。以考查引申推断、目的和意图、作者态度为主。 2024年高考天津卷还会考查主旨大意题，以文章标题，文章大意和段落大意的形式出现一般在试卷中考查1--2个小题。 推理判断题： 审读题目关键词 根据语境的褒贬进行推断 选项看端倪：，尤其关注含有特别信息的选项，如意义绝对的词汇，all, never等。 关注否定词 透过现象看本质： 忠实于原文 主旨大意题： 去首段/尾段直接去找，留意反复出现的词。 新闻报道，议论文和说明文:主题句在首段。记叙文，议论文:主题句一般在尾段·在文中反复出现的词，肯定是文章的主题词。无主题的文章，需要自己概括大意。
主旨大意题 【2023年第二次】 Q45；Q55 【2023年第一次】 Q45；Q53 【2022年第二次】 Q45
Passage 1
【2023年天津第二次】Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, tales and
factual stories. Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes, castles and monsters, with a unique voice for each character.
Storytelling does not just take place at bedtime or round a campfire, however. It can take some other forms, either via the books we read or the films we watch. But they usually have some elements in common: rather than a list of dry facts, stories have plots and they introduce characters. We respond to stories, particularly when there is emotional detail.
And unlike what we suppose, storytelling is not just a form of entertainment, but a form of learning as well. Long before reading and writing became widely spread and available, oral storytelling had already been a form that the wisdom and knowledge of the people were passed down from elders to children. A good story engages our curiosity, emotions and imagination.
Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. Research has found that learning obtained from a well-told story is remembered more accurately, and for far longer, than from facts and figures.
And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. Stories are an entry point to understanding a different experience of the world.
This aspect of storytelling-presenting a different perspective of the world—is important when it comes to connecting with each other. It gives us an opportunity to learn from another person’s experience and it can shape, strengthen or challenge our opinions and values. So, when someone tells us their own personal story, we catch a glimpse (瞥见) of a view of the world that may be slightly or significantly different from our own. When we see the world as they see it, or walk in their shoes, the experience can inspire empathy (共情；同理心) with them.
49．What occurs to us the moment we think of “storytelling”
A．A child's imaginary world.
B．Voices of Mom or Dad.
C．An ancient art form.
D．Factual stories.
50．What are the common elements in all forms of storytelling according to the author
A．Form and style.
B．Facts and figures.
C．Emotional and physical details.
D．A series of events and characters.
51．Why does storytelling work better than mere statement of facts in promoting learning
A．It carries more wisdom and knowledge.
B．It is more widely available to young learners.
C．It satisfies our imagination and releases our emotions.
D．It makes what is learned more precise and longer lasting.
52．How can other people’s personal stories probably benefit us
A．By offering us more opportunities to know people.
B．By helping us stay connected with the contemporary world.
C．By allowing us to understand the world the way they see it.
D．By enabling us to tell reality from imagination.
53．What makes the best title for the passage
A．The History of Storytelling
B．The Power of Storytelling
C．The Forms of Storytelling
D．The Art of Storytelling
【答案】49．A 50．D 51．D 52．C 53．B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了讲故事给我们带来的好处。
49．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes, castles and monsters, with a unique voice for each character. (也许当你想到讲故事时，你首先想到的就是爸爸妈妈给你讲王子、城堡和怪物的故事，每个角色都有独特的声音，在你脑海中形成的幻想世界。)”可知，当提到“讲故事”时，我们会想到一个孩子的想象世界。故选A。
50．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But they usually have some elements in common: rather than a list of dry facts, stories have plots and they introduce characters. (但它们通常都有一些共同点：故事有情节，也有人物形象，而不是一长串枯燥的事实。)”可知，作者认为，一系列的事件和人物是所有叙事中的共同元素，故选D。
51．细节理解题。根据第四段“Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. Research has found that learning obtained from a well-told story is remembered more accurately, and for far longer, than from facts and figures. (讲故事也有助于学习，因为故事容易记住。研究发现，从一个讲得很好的故事中获得
的知识比从事实和数据中获得的知识记忆得更准确，时间也更长。)”可知，讲故事比仅仅陈述事实更能促进学习，这是因为它使所学到的知识更加精确和持久。故选D。
52．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. (最重要的是，故事有一种变革的力量，让我们以一种不同的方式看待这个世界，而不是仅仅依靠我们自己。)”可知，他人的故事让我们以他们看待世界的方式来理解世界，这会让我们受益，故选C。
53．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“And unlike what we suppose, storytelling is not just a form of entertainment, but a form of learning as well. (与我们想象的不同，讲故事不仅仅是一种娱乐方式，也是一种学习方式。)”，第四段中“Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. (讲故事也有助于学习，因为故事容易记住。)”，第五段中“And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. (最重要的是，故事有一种变革的力量，让我们以一种不同的方式看待这个世界，而不是仅仅依靠我们自己。)”和第六段中“This aspect of storytelling-presenting a different perspective of the world—is important when it comes to connecting with each other. (讲故事的这个方面——呈现出一个不同的世界观——对于彼此之间的联系来说是很重要的。)”可知，文章主要讲述了讲故事给我们带来的好处，B项“讲故事的力量”适合作文章标题，故选B。
Passage 2
【2023年天津第一次】One freezing morning last February, I walked through Ontario Place. Trees were frosted sculptures. Large chunks of ice floated in the lake. Then I saw a group of people in bathing suits bouncing up and down in the water. They held hands, shouting and yelling into the sky. They looked and sounded so free.
I’ve always found cold water thrilling. The shock of it is like pressing a switch. It seems to reset my body and soul.
And last winter, I definitely needed a reset. I woke up most mornings with a dull, grey feeling as I forced myself out of bed to start the day. I needed something to cheer myself up, but I didn’t know what, until that day.
The ice warriors (勇士) emerged from the lake, their skin steaming. Trembling, they were yet laughing and hugging each other. I called out: “You guys are awesome!” One woman waved back, “Come and join us! We’ re here every Monday morning.”
The night before my first dip (游泳), I was excited and nervous. Cold water was one thing, but this icy lake was a whole other level. Should I back out Eventually, I got up in the dark and drove to the meeting spot.
After some wild warm up, I charged into the lake along with others. We yelled into the sky. Teeth chattering
heart rates slowing, fingers and toes going numb (麻木), we stayed there for somewhere between two and five minutes. Knowing it was my first time, people cheered me on. It felt amazing. I was stupid with cold, but I couldn’t remember the last time I’d felt so happy.
Now I go dipping almost every day, and I’ve come to long for that moment when the cold becomes a second skin and my internal voice goes silent. Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which, ironically, saved me from going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls.
We laughed together, often, but from the stories we’ve shared about ourselves, I know I’m not the only one who faces life’s challenges. Holding hands in the freezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and will do so through this one.
It won’t fix everything in our lives—but for some reason, it helps. At the end of each session I return home feeling stronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, I’m more than ready to embrace the cold again.
39．When the author saw the people in the lake, her feeling can be best described as __________
A．nervous B．amazed
C．frightened D．calm
40．Why did the author think of joining the swimmers
A．To expand her social circle. B．To lift her spirits again.
C．To adapt to the cold weather. D．To prepare for a new career
41．What can be learnt about the author’s first dipping
A．She hesitated a bit before going.
B．She suffered from a heart problem.
C．She stayed in cold water too long.
D．She regretted not doing enough warm up.
42．What change has cold water swimming brought about in the author
A．She is more intelligent.
B．She gets more competitive.
C．She becomes a better storyteller.
D．She regains her inner peace.
43．What message does the author most likely want to convey
A．Severe cold builds up character
B．Group wisdom brightens our life.
C．Tackling the odds together cures.
D．Doing sports promotes friendship.
【答案】39．B 40．B 41．A 42．D 43．C
【导语】本文是记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者在冰冷的湖中潜泳的经历，并且分享了参与这个活动的人们所带来的快乐和支持。通过这个经历，作者能够重新调整和振作起来，带着更强大的力量面对生活中的挑战。
39．推理判断题。根据第一段“Then I saw a group of people in bathing suits bouncing up and down in the water. They held hands, shouting and yelling into the sky. They looked and sounded so free. (然后我看到一群穿着泳衣的人在水里跳上跳下。他们手牵着手，对着天空大喊大叫。他们看起来很自由，听起来也很自由。)”以及第二段“I’ve always found cold water thrilling. The shock of it is like pressing a switch. It seems to reset my body and soul. (我一直觉得冰冷的水让人兴奋。它的冲击感就像按下一个按钮。似乎它能够重新调整我的身体和灵魂)”和第四段“The ice warriors (勇士) emerged from the lake, their skin steaming. Trembling, they were yet laughing and hugging each other. I called out: “You guys are awesome!” (冰勇士们从湖中冒出来，浑身冒着热气。他们颤抖着，但仍然笑着，互相拥抱着。我喊道：“你们太棒了!”)”可知，冷水让作者兴奋，她看到湖中的人，觉得他们太棒了，所以感觉是惊讶的。故选B项。
40．细节理解题。根据第三段“And last winter, I definitely needed a reset. I woke up most mornings with a dull, grey feeling as I forced myself out of bed to start the day. I needed something to cheer myself up, but I didn’t know what, until that day. (去年冬天，我确实需要重新调整一下。大多数早晨，当我强迫自己下床开始新的一天时，我都是带着一种沉闷、灰暗的感觉醒来的。我需要一些东西让自己振作起来，但我不知道是什么，直到那天。)”可知，作者去年冬天，整个人很沮丧，需要一些东西让自己振作起来，所以想加入游泳。故选B项。
41．细节理解题。根据第五段“The night before my first dip (游泳), I was excited and nervous. Cold water was one thing, but this icy lake was a whole other level. Should I back out Eventually, I got up in the dark and drove to the meeting spot. (第一次泡澡的前一天晚上，我既兴奋又紧张。冷水是一回事，但这个冰湖完全是另一回事。我应该退出吗 最后，我在黑暗中起床，驱车前往会面地点。)”可知，作者第一次尝试冬泳前，她犹豫了一下。故选A项。
42．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Now I go dipping almost every day, and I’ve come to long for that moment
when the cold becomes a second skin and my internal voice goes silent. (现在我几乎每天都去游泳，我已经开始渴望那一刻，当寒冷成为我的第二层皮肤，我内心的声音安静下来。)”可知，冷水游泳使作者恢复了内心的平静。故选D项。
43．主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段“Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which, ironically, saved me from going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls. (具有讽刺意味的是，第一次潜水的惊险刺激使我免于沉入海底，但吸引我的是这个慷慨、心胸开阔的社区)”，倒数第二段“We laughed together, often, but from the stories we’ve shared about ourselves, I know I’m not the only one who faces life’s challenges. Holding hands in the freezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and will do so through this one. (我们经常一起笑，但从我们分享的故事中，我知道我不是唯一一个面临生活挑战的人。去年冬天，我们手牵着手在冰冷的湖面上守望着彼此，今年也将如此。)”以及最后一段“It won’t fix everything in our lives—but for some reason, it helps. At the end of each session I return home feeling stronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, I’m more than ready to embrace the cold again. (它不会解决我们生活中的所有问题，但出于某种原因，它会有所帮助。每次游泳结束后，我回到家，感觉更强壮、更轻松，更能坚持下去。又一个冬天来临了，我已经准备好再次拥抱寒冷了。)”可知，作者最想传达的信息是，冬泳让自己感到惊险刺激，但是真正吸引作者的是和社区的人分享故事，一起面对生活的困难，互相鼓励，让自己感觉更强壮、更轻松，更能坚持下去，所以是一起解决问题治愈人心。故选C项。
Passage 3
【2023年天津第一次】Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from accidental failures. It would be impossible to progress in anything, after all, without taking the occasional misstep. And by understanding how we slipped, we can avoid falling in the future.
Few would advocate making intentional mistakes, however. Yet consciously erring (犯错) can promote deeper understanding and better recall. The phenomenon is known as the derring effect—coming from “deliberate (故意的) erring”—and when applied properly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas of life.
In one experiment carried out at the National University of Singapore, participants were given the task of learning concepts on a difficult subject. For some terms, they simply copied out the correct definition; for others, they were asked to first add an error in their description of the term before correcting the mistake.
Naturally, you would expect the addition of the errors to have increased unwanted confusion.Yet the exact opposite was true: the participants who made deliberate errors learned about twice as much as the people who simply copied out the correct definitions.
The derring effect could be applied in other situations. So a music teacher may find the addition of deliberate errors could help a student remember the right musical notes. Such a playful approach could fuel their creativity for composition, if the student looks for ways to develop those wrong notes into something more attractive. It is encouraging to discover that by readily accepting our errors and wisely placing ourselves in the way of being wrong, we can in fact overcome weaknesses and rise stronger.
The derring effect could be useful for many other challenges too. If you enjoy cooking, for example, you may faithfully follow a recipe without questioning the instructions. But why not try to break away from those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you If you are painting,meanwhile,you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what you produce.
At worst, you will have refreshed and deepened your knowledge of the rules you normally apply, so that you can be even more effective next time. At best, you may just find that you have discovered something completely new and unexpected, through a flash of inspiration that you would have missed with perfectionism. Either way, your apparent missteps will have moved you a little closer to true mastery.
49．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ____________.
A．a routine warning
B．a popular misbelief
C．a commonly-held view
D．a theoretical assumption
50．What can be learnt about the experiment
A．Adding intentional errors facilitates learning.
B．Correcting mistakes is the key to learning.
C．Errors contribute to confusion in learning.
D．Learners make fewer errors in difficult subjects.
51．According to the author using the approach mentioned in Paragraph 5 may result in _______.
A．disappointing performances
B．greater creative power
C．the discovery of problems
D．the admission of weaknesses
52．Which of the following would the author encourage you to do
A．Strictly follow traditional recipes when cooking.
B．Avoid making mistakes and be a perfectionist.
C．Occasionally ignore traffic regulations.
D．Try unconventional coloring in painting.
53．What could be the best title for the passage
A．The Challenge of Derring
B．Erring Prevents Failure
C．To Err is Fruitful
D．Errors: Accidental or Intentional
【答案】49．C 50．A 51．B 52．D 53．A
【导语】本文是说明文。有意识地犯错可以促进更深入的理解和更好的回忆。这种现象被称为“失误效应”——来自“故意犯错”——如果应用得当，它可能会给生活的许多意想不到的领域带来好处。文章主要介绍了大胆尝试犯错的好处，以及作者鼓励我们要尝试大胆尝试犯错。
49．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from accidental failures. It would be impossible to progress in anything,after all,without taking the occasional misstep. And by understanding how we slipped,we can avoid falling in the future.(大多数有理智的人都会接受我们能够而且应该从偶然的失败中吸取教训。毕竟，如果不偶尔犯错，任何事情都不可能取得进步。通过了解我们是如何滑倒的，我们可以避免在未来摔倒。)”可知，第一段作者提出了一个人们普遍认为的观点，故选C。
50．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Naturally, you would expect the addition of the errors to have increased unwanted confusion.Yet the exact opposite was true: the participants who made deliberate errors learned about twice as much as the people who simply copied out the correct definitions.(当然，你会认为错误的增加会增加不必要的混乱。然而事实恰恰相反：故意犯错误的参与者学到的知识是简单抄写正确定义的人的两倍。)”可知，添加故意错误有助于学习。故选A。
51．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Such a playful approach could fuel their creativity for composition, if the student looks for ways to develop those wrong notes into something more attractive.( 如果学生想方设法把那些错误的笔记发展成更有吸引力的东西，这种有趣的方法可以激发他们作文的创造力。)”可知，根据作者的观点，使用第5段中提到的方法可能会激发学生产生更大的创造力，故选B。
52．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But why not try to break away from those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you If you are painting, meanwhile, you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what you produce.(但是，为什么不试着打破这些习惯，为了改变而故意做一些“错误”的事情，看看你的大胆之举会把你带向何方？如果你正在绘画，同时，你可以放下你通常对你的作品施加的限制之一，看看你的作品。)”可推知，作者可能会鼓励你在绘画时尝试非常规的色彩。故选D。
53．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Few would advocate making intentional mistakes, however. Yet consciously erring (犯错) can promote deeper understanding and better recall. The phenomenon is known as the derring effect—coming from “deliberate (故意的) erring”—and when applied properly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas of life.(然而，很少有人会主张犯故意的错误。然而，有意识地犯错可以促进更深刻的理解和更好的回忆。这种现象被称为大胆效应——来自“故意犯错”——如果运用得当，它可能会在生活的许多意想不到的领域带来好处。)”可知，有意识地犯错可以促进更深入的理解和更好的回忆。这种现象被称为“失误效应”——来自“故意犯错”——如果应用得当，它可能会给生活的许多意想不到的领域带来好处。文章主要介绍了大胆尝试犯错的好处，以及作者鼓励我们要尝试大胆尝试犯错，A项“挑战主动犯错”适合做文章标题，故选A。
Passage 4
【2023年天津第二次】I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race.
I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it.
I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past.
My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water.
Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other
side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.
Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy.
Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip.
I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra …
39．What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind
A．Her miserable past.
B．An unforgettable sport event.
C．The stories behind the violins.
D．Her childhood memory.
40．What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________.
A．mindless and bad-tempered
B．caring and supportive
C．strict and demanding
D．tolerant and sympathetic
41．What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration
A．The tune of the flutes.
B．The beat of the drums.
C．The sound of the violin.
D．The manner of the musicians.
42．What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra
A．The steady improvement in her taste.
B．Her strong desire for success.
C．Her natural gift for music.
D．The rapid progress in her ability.
43．What message does Tara's story convey
A．It's never too young to learn.
B．A passionate interest works wonders.
C．Hard work will pay off in the long run.
D．Like mother, like daughter.
【答案】39．D 40．B 41．C 42．D 43．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者路过橱窗时，看到一把迷人的小提琴深受吸引。在游泳比赛屡次落后的情形下，我观看了学校管弦乐队举办的演奏会。在得到父母的许可下，我充满激情地练习小提琴最终成为了社区管弦乐团的首席。
39．细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一行“As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. ”(当我的目光停留在他们身上时，我觉得自己好像在透过窗户回顾自己的过去。)和第四段第一行“My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. ”(我的童年都是我尝试追求过的爱好，其中大部分都是妈妈选择的。)可知，透过商店的小提琴作者回想起了童年。故选D项。
40．推理判断题。由文章第五段最后两句“I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.”(如果我没有听到父亲鼓励我加油的呼喊声，我早就放弃了。当我的手终于抓住泳池边时，他总是拿着一条温暖、干燥的毛巾在那里，告诉我他为我拼命的努力感到多么自豪。)由此可以推断爸爸是关心和支持作者的。故选B项。
41．细节理解题。由文章第六段最后两句“But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. ”( 但是小提琴…啊，小提琴。它发出了我听过的最甜美的声音！我的心随着它流动的曲调翩翩起舞。我有生以来第一次欣喜若狂。)可知是小提琴的声音令作者痴迷。故选C项。
42．细节理解题。由文章第八段第一句“I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability.”(我怀着极大的热情开始练习小提琴，并且能力迅速提升。 )可知，作者进步飞速，所以才成为首席。故选D项。
43．主旨大意题。根据文章，作者非常拼命地游泳但是依然落后于其他人。他非常热爱小提琴，进步飞速，很快成为了管弦乐团的首席，可知兴趣爱好是最好的老师，能创造奇迹。故选B项。
Passage 5
【2022年天津第二次】I’m an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall and good-looking, with two short story books and quite a number of essays to my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself Just to explain that the attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began.
Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high pared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!”
What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-confidence. It always stood between me and any fine opportunity. I’d taken it as an excuse to avoid any public speaking sessions, and unknowingly let it rule over me.
Fortunately, as I grew older, there came a turning point. One day a white girl caught my eye on the school bus when she suddenly turned back. To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in November! “Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s perfectly normal.” Days later, my life took an-other twist(转折). Searching the internet for stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that such famous people as Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill also stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.
Another boost to my self-confidence came days later as I was watching the news about Oprah Winfrey, the famous talk show host and writer—she’s black too! Whenever I think of her story and my former dislike of my color, I’m practically filled with shame.
Today, I’ve grown to accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling of uniqueness. The idea of self-love has taken on a whole new meaning for me: there’s always something fantastic about us, and what we need to do is learn to appreciate it.
41．What affected the author’s adjustment to her school life in Norway？
A．Her appearance
B．Social discrimination.
C．Her changing emotions.
D．The climate in Norway.
42．What did the author’s occasional stuttering bring about according on Paragraph 3
A．Her lack of self-confidence.
B．Her loss of interest in school.
C．Her unwillingness to greet her classmates.
D．Her desire for chances to improve herself.
43．How did the author feel on noticing the similarity between her and the girl on the bus
A．Blessed and proud.
B．Confused and afraid.
C．Amazed and relieved.
D．Shocked and ashamed.
44．What lesson did the author learn from the cases of Newton and Churchill
A．Great minds speak alike.
B．Stuttering is no barrier to success.
C．Wisdom counts more than hard work.
D．Famous people can’t live with their weaknesses.
45．What can best summarize the message contained in the passage
A．Pride comes before a fall.
B．Where there is a will, there is a way.
C．Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself.
D．Self-love is key to the attainment of self-pride.
【答案】41．A 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者在非洲长大的经历，在成长的过程中作者意识到一个人要获得自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目。
41．推理判断题。根据文中第二段“Compared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!”(与我周围所有有着金色头发和精致嘴唇的白人女孩相比，我，一个黑人女孩，有着卷曲的头发和饱满的红唇。无论天气如何，我的鼻子上
经常有一层薄薄的汗水。我只想把自己埋在壳里哭着“我太不一样了！”)”可知，作者的外表与其他的孩子不同，这使得作者不容易适应学校的生活。故选A项。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering(口吃), which had weakened my self-confidence.(导致我自我厌恶的还有我偶尔的口吃，这削弱了我的自信心。)”可知，作者的口吃导致作者失去了自信。故选A项。
43．推理判断题。文中第四段提到“To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in November!(令我惊讶的是，她的鼻子上也有薄薄的汗水，而且是在十一月！)”可知，作者见到小女孩儿感到很惊讶，根据句子中““Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s perfectly normal.”(“哇，”我低声对自己说，“这毕竟不是遗传疾病。这很正常。”)”可知，作者此刻感到很放松。故选C项。
44．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.(我大大地松了一口气，然后一个想法突然出现在我脑海中——如果我聪明，我不应该让我的口吃阻碍我和我的成功。)”可知,作者意识到口吃不应该是自己成功的障碍。故选B项。
45．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Just to explain that he attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began.(只是为了解释他获得自尊来自大量的自爱，而要获得它，一个人必须首先学会接受自己的本来面目。这就是我挣扎开始的地方。)”可知，本文要讲述的是作者在经历中感悟到要想有自尊，首先要自爱。故选D项。
Passage 6
【2022年天津第二次】Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition(认知) What about our body Is it possible for thought and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition(EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.
If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs—they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world，they cry when they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to as-sociate being warm with being loved.
Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve centre that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer, processing everything and forming your reactions.
Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one experiment, test subjects(实验对象) were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being“included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer.
For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages.
Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it If you’re having a bad day,a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions.
46．According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in ________.
A．facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology
B．revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition
C．offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain
D．bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition
47．Where does the new borns’ understanding of their surroundings start from
A．Their personal looks.
B．Their mental needs.
C．Their inner emotions.
D．Their physical feelings.
48．The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove________.
A．environment impacts how we judge others
B．how body temperature is related to health
C．the mind and the body influence each other
D．how humans interact with their surroundings
49．What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors in Paragraph 5
A．Human speech is alive with metaphors.
B．Human senses have effects on thinking.
C．Human language is shaped by visual images.
D．Human emotions are often compared to natural materials.
50．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph
A．To share with the reader ways to release their emotions.
B．To guide the reader onto the path to career success.
C．To encourage the reader to put EC into practice.
D．To deepen the reader’s understanding of EC．
【答案】46．D 47．D 48．C 49．B 50．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了心理学家的一项EC理论表明，我们不是只有大脑负责人类的认知，我们的身体也负责思考或者解决问题。更准确的说思想塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思想。
46．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.(EC 理论表明，我们的身体也负责思考或解决问题。更准确地说，思维塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思维。)”可知，EC理论认为我们身体就像大脑一样塑造我们的认知，因此推断EC理论的意义在于让我们更接近人类认知的真理。故选D项。
47．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They don’t have emotions so much as needs—they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world，they cry when they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to as-sociate being warm with being loved.(他们没有如同需要那么多的情感——他们不会感到悲伤，他们只是饿，需要食物。即使是未出生的婴儿也能感觉到母亲的心跳，这具有镇静作用。在现实世界中，他们冷了就哭，然后被拥抱。这样，他们开始将温暖与被爱联系起来。)”可知，新生儿对周围环境的理解依靠的是身体感觉。故选D项。
48．推理判断题。根据第四段首句“Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction.(进一步的研究支持了思想与身体的相互作用。)”接下来列举了两个实验“In one experiment, test subjects(实验对象) were asked to
judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. (在一项实验中，测试对象被要求在递给热饮或冷饮后判断人。当他们的指尖感知到温暖而不是凉爽时，他们都做出了温暖的评价。)”表明，身体会影响到思想，以及“And it works the other way too;in another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer.(相反，也是如此；在另一项研究中，受试者的指尖温度是在被“纳入”或“拒绝”小组任务后测量的。那些被纳入在内的人感到身体温暖。)”表明身体会受到思想的影响，因此推断实验进一步证明了身体与思想间的相互作用。故选C项。
49．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的主题句“For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we use without even thinking.(为了进一步证明，我们可以看看我们不假思索就使用的比喻说法）。)”以及下文的陈述“A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock.(一个善良和富有同情心的人经常被称为心软的人，而在困难的情况下非常坚强和冷静的人通常被描述为坚如磐石。)”说明人们使用身体触感比喻人可推断，作者通过陈述比喻手法是为了进一步证明我们人类的感觉对思维有影响。故选B项。
50．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it (既然您已经掌握了身心互动的知识，为什么不使用它呢？)”以及下文中列举的两种现实生活中的情况“If you’re having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions.(如果你今天过得很糟糕，一杯温暖的茶会给你带来一瞬间的快乐。如果你知道自己身体很冷，在做出任何人际关系决定之前先热身。)”可知，理论知识已经知道，且在现实生活中有一定的运用价值，所以作者最后一段是在鼓励读者把EC理论运用于现实生活中。故选C项。
秘籍01推理判断题
推理判断题不是选事实，而是有一个推理判断的过程推理判断一定要基于文本，要合理。
推理判断题一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断。
设问关键词：
infer(推断)
indicate(象征，暗示)
imply/suggest(暗示）
conclude(作出结论)
assume (假定，设想）
注意：
文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选根据文章推理出来的选项；
一定要忠于原文的观点，不要主观臆断；
推理要能从原文找到依据，不要凭空猜测；一定要多注意转折处，答案往往会在此处周围；
态度题一定要重点品形容词和副词。
秘籍02主旨大意题
这类题型的标志词有：title、subject、main idea、topic、theme等。
做题技巧：
抓住主题句子快速掌握大意，主题句一般出现在段首或段尾。
以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第二、三句的关系。如果从第二句子开始就是对第一句的说明、论述或者描述，那么第一句便是主题句。
有些文章会在开头列举事实，然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或者综合性的话，最好先阅读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主题句的特征，那么段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。
我们也可以通过将各段首尾串联，但也要注意转折句。如果文章开头有提问，回答的句子一般就是中心主旨。
干扰项特征：
①选项概括片面，只含一段或者几段内容；
②表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据。
Passage 1
【2024届天津市河北区一模】On a cool autumn evening, while wandering through the streets of the old town, my attention was captured by a charming bookstore located between towering buildings. The warm light through its windows drew me closer, and without realizing it, I stood at its entrance, peering through the glass.
Earlier that day, after enjoying a pleasant lunch with friends, I had decided to explore the city on foot. Despite passing through this part of town numerous times, I had never spotted the charming bookstore. However, on this
particular evening, something about it seemed irresistibly inviting.
Gently brushing away the fallen leaves from the window frame, I took a closer look inside. Rows of shelves filled with books of various sizes and colors stretched across the small and friendly interior, each volume whispering tales of adventure and wisdom. As my eyes moved over the titles, a wave of fond memories washed over me, transporting me back to my childhood.
Growing up, my world was dominated by sports and outdoor activities, often at my father’s insistence. He would say, “You need to play football, Alex. It builds character.” Yet deep down, I always felt out of place on the football field, my mind wandering to distant lands and heroic tales.
Every Sunday, after an exhausting football match, I would secretly go to my room and lose myself in books. The characters became my friends, and their journeys provided my escape. I still vividly recall the overwhelming joy I experienced when I first read about the adventures of a young wizard. His bravery and determination deeply touched me.
One day, our school librarian noticed my passion for reading and suggested I join the book club. Hesitant and unsure of my father’s reaction, I took the club flyer (宣传单) home, my heart racing with a mix of fear and hope. To my surprise, he was supportive, his typically serious expression softening as he signed the permission slip.
Joining the book club marked a turning point. I discovered a community where I truly belonged, and my passion for reading was embraced and nurtured. I began to craft my own stories, each one reflecting my dreams and desires.
As I stood there, lost in these thoughts, the door of bookstore opened, inviting me in. Stepping inside felt like coming home, a place where dreams and reality met. It was a reminder of how books had shaped my life, guiding me through the challenges of childhood and inspiring me to find my true passion.
41．What was the author’s first impression of the bookstore on the autumn evening
A．It appeared to be closed and deserted. B．It seemed disappointing and dark.
C．It was incredibly welcome. D．It looked modern and busy.
42．Why did the author’s father ask him to play football during his upbringing
A．To improve his strong personal qualities.
B．To keep him physically fit and healthy.
C．To prepare him for a sports career.
D．To follow a family tradition.
43．The father’s act of signing the club flyer implies that he is ________.
A．strict and demanding B．mindless and annoying
C．considerate and approving D．protective and understanding
44．What effect did joining the book club have on the author
A．It isolated him from social life. B．It made him give up on sports entirely.
C．It shaped the author’s personal growth. D．It changed the author’s view on reading.
45．What message does the author’s story convey
A．Meeting expectations. B．Pursuing one’s passions.
C．Exploring with excitement. D．Prioritizing physical activities.
【答案】41．C 42．A 43．C 44．C 45．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。短文讲述了作者在一个秋天的傍晚，无意中发现了一家迷人的书店，并被其吸引。作者回忆起童年时因为父亲的坚持而参与体育活动，但内心更向往书本中的冒险和智慧。在学校图书管理员的鼓励下，作者加入了读书俱乐部，找到了归属感，并开始创作自己的故事。最后，作者走进书店，感受到如同回家一般的温暖，意识到书籍如何塑造了自己的生活，帮助自己找到真正的热情。
41．推理判断题，根据第一段“On a cool autumn evening, while wandering through the streets of the old town, my attention was captured by a charming bookstore located between towering buildings. The warm light through its windows drew me closer, and without realizing it, I stood at its entrance, peering through the glass.(在一个凉爽的秋夜，我漫步在老城区的街道上，一家坐落在高楼大厦之间的迷人书店吸引了我的注意力。从窗户透进来的温暖的光线把我拉近，我不知不觉地站在门口，透过玻璃向内窥视。)”可知，秋天的晚上，作者对书店的第一印象是它非常受欢迎。故选C。
42．细节理解题，根据第四段“Growing up, my world was dominated by sports and outdoor activities, often at my father’s insistence. He would say, “You need to play football, Alex. It builds character.”(在我的成长过程中，我的世界被体育和户外活动所主导，通常是在父亲的坚持下。他会说:“你需要踢足球，亚历克斯，它能塑造性格。”)”可知，作者的父亲在他成长过程中要求他踢足球是为了提高他强大的个人素质。故选A。
43．推理判断题，根据倒数第三段的“Hesitant and unsure of my father’s reaction, I took the club flyer (宣传单) home, my heart racing with a mix of fear and hope. To my surprise, he was supportive, his typically serious expression softening as he signed the permission slip.(我犹豫着，不确定父亲的反应，把俱乐部的传单拿回家，我的心在恐惧和希望的混合中加速跳动。令我惊讶的是，他是支持我的，他那一贯严肃的表情在签了同意书后变得温和了。)” 可知，父亲在俱乐部传单上签名的行为暗示他是体谅人的，并给予了作者支持。故选
C。
44．推理判断题，根据倒数第二段“Joining the book club marked a turning point. I discovered a community where I truly belonged, and my passion for reading was embraced and nurtured. I began to craft my own stories, each one reflecting my dreams and desires.(加入读书俱乐部标志着一个转折点。我发现了一个真正属于我的社区，我对阅读的热情得到了接纳和培养。我开始构思自己的故事，每个故事都反映了我的梦想和愿望。) ”可知，加入读书俱乐部对作者塑造了作者的个人成长。故选C。
45．推理判断题，根据最后一段“It was a reminder of how books had shaped my life, guiding me through the challenges of childhood and inspiring me to find my true passion.(它提醒我，书籍如何塑造了我的生活，指导我度过童年的挑战，激励我找到自己真正的激情。)”可知，作者的故事传达的信息是要追求自己热爱的东西。故选B。
Passage 2
【2024届天津市河西区一模】Whether you’re considering gap time directly after high school, during college, or a mid-career break, taking a year off is a great opportunity to learn through new experiences, grow beyond your comfort zone, and get out of your ordinary routine.
If your hunger to travel the world, meet new people, and experience new adventures can no longer be ignored, a gap year program is a great opportunity to volunteer abroad, teach abroad, intern abroad, or attend a language school. Whether you’re attracted by a quick tour across country borders on multiple continents, or a long-term stay in a near or distant city, the best way to spend your gap year is completely up to you!
Gap years are becoming increasingly common for students and young professionals. In fact, many find that when applying for jobs, their gap year experience helps their resume stand out among a sea of qualified candidates.
Because of the popularity of gap years, potential gap year travelers have tons of questions like: Is taking a gap year possible
Who takes a gap year
How much does a gap year cost
How can I make the most of my gap year
When is the best time to take a gap year
Will a gap year affect my college applications
What are the pros and cons of a gap year
Am I too old to take a gap year
Are there gap year jobs available
Here at Go Overseas we have detailed information to help you have a year of meaningful growth through exploring your interests, passions, and curiosities, as well as supporting your desire for experiential learning, either locally or abroad. Go through gap year program listings and reviews, read through expert gap year advice and ideas, and decide how to get the most out of your gap year.
36．What do you know about the gap year
A．It is not worthwhile. B．It mainly suits school students.
C．It does more harm than good. D．It contributes to a new routine.
37．Who can consider taking a gap year according to the text
A．People who have only been on the job for a year.
B．People who always want to learn a new language abroad.
C．High school students who are tired of sitting all day long.
D．People who want to achieve work-life balance in the long run.
38．What does a gap year do for job seekers
A．It makes little difference to them.
B．It makes their resumes look more authentic.
C．It makes their potential employers confused.
D．It increases their chances of being hired.
39．What is the purpose of the list of the questions
A．To draw the attention of new gap year travelers.
B．To show the difficulties that a gap year traveler may meet.
C．To reflect what people might want to know about taking a gap year.
D．To explain why people should take a gap year into consideration.
40．What is this text
A．A travel guide.
B．A guide to career choices.
C．An advertisement for taking a gap year.
D．Suggestions for having a wonderful school life.
【答案】36．D 37．B 38．D 39．C 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了间隔年的好处，列举了一些关于间隔年的各种常见问题并提供了进一步了解信息的资源与建议。
36．推理判断题。根据第一段“Whether you’re considering gap time directly after high school, during college, or a mid-career break, taking a year off is a great opportunity to learn through new experiences, grow beyond your comfort zone, and get out of your ordinary routine.(无论你是考虑高中毕业后的空档期，大学期间还是职业生涯中期的空档期，休息一年都是一个很好的机会，可以学习新的经验，走出你的舒适区，走出你的日常生活)”以及第二段“If your hunger to travel the world, meet new people, and experience new adventures can no longer be ignored, a gap year program is a great opportunity to volunteer abroad, teach abroad, intern abroad, or attend a language school.(如果你渴望周游世界，结识新朋友，经历新的冒险，那么间隔年计划是一个很好的机会，你可以在国外做志愿者，在国外教书，在国外实习，或者参加语言学校)”可知，间隔年可以学习新的经验，让人走出舒适区，走出日常生活，所以能它有助于形成一种新的生活习惯。故选D项。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段“If your hunger to travel the world, meet new people, and experience new adventures can no longer be ignored, a gap year program is a great opportunity to volunteer abroad, teach abroad, intern abroad, or attend a language school.(如果你渴望周游世界，结识新朋友，经历新的冒险，那么间隔年计划是一个很好的机会，你可以在国外做志愿者，在国外教书，在国外实习，或者参加语言学校)”可知，总是想在国外学习一门新语言的人可以考虑休一个间隔年。故选B项。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“Gap years are becoming increasingly common for students and young professionals. In fact, many find that when applying for jobs, their gap year experience helps their resume stand out among a sea of qualified candidates.(间隔年在学生和年轻专业人士中变得越来越普遍。事实上，许多人发现，在申请工作时，他们的间隔年经历有助于他们的简历在众多合格候选人中脱颖而出)”可知，对求职者来说，间隔年可以增加他们被聘用的机会。故选D项。
39．推理判断题。根据第四段“Because of the popularity of gap years, potential gap year travelers have tons of questions(由于间隔年的流行，潜在的间隔年旅行者有一大堆问题)”可知，问题列表的目的是为了反映了关于间隔年人们可能想了解的一些信息。故选C项。
40．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“Here at Go Overseas we have detailed information to help you have a year of meaningful growth through exploring your interests, passions, and curiosities, as well as supporting your desire for experiential learning, either locally or abroad. Go through gap year program listings and reviews, read through expert gap year advice and ideas, and decide how to get the most out of your gap year.(在Go abroad，我们
有详细的信息，通过探索你的兴趣、激情和好奇心，以及支持你在本地或国外体验式学习的愿望，帮助你有一年有意义的成长。浏览间隔年项目列表和评论，阅读专家的间隔年建议和想法，并决定如何最大限度地利用你的间隔年)”可知，本文主要介绍了休间隔年的好处，列举了一些关于间隔年的各种常见问题，并提供了可以进一步了解信息的资源；由此可知，这是一篇有关间隔年的宣传广告。故选C项。
Passage 3
【2024届天津市红桥区一模】How did one man prove that small kindnesses add up
My family first met Wally Urtz, the gentle, modest manage of our local supermarket, on a windy day nearly 20 years ago just after we’d moved to Hasting-on-Hudson, a New York City suburb. As my wife made her way to the store’s exit, attending her groceries and two small children, Wally rushed up beside her. “I’ll get those, young lady,” he said brightly, taking her bags and leading her to the parking lot. Now that may seem like no big deal-except that these days things like that so seldom happen.
Our story, as it turned out, was typical Among Hasting’s 8,000 people living here, almost everybody had at least one about Wally’s politeness and generosity. There ware the times he’d reach into his own pocket when someone was short of money; the times he’d show small kindnesses to someone who’d just lost a loved one or who was in the middle of divorce; the many, many times he’d put himself out for older people.
“He just appreciated that when people get older, their lives get smaller-they don’t drive, their friends have passed on and how much it means to be treated warmly,” one woman, Kathy Dragan said, “When my mother was in her 80s, it was a treat for her to go to the store.” Wally would call out to the shop clerk and say, “You give her whatever attention she needs.” She’d tell me, “He’s kinder to me than some people I’ve known all my life.”
Yet few of us fully understood what Wally meant to the people’s life of our community-until he was sent to another store 20 miles away. For some unknown reason, the Food Emporium chain had decided to replace 67-year-old Wally after 26 years due to “operational issues related to operating a store the size of the one in Hastings.”
No one could believe it. Word spread quickly. Neighbors called each other seeking the feeling of emotional comfort. Some planned to bring Wally back and staged protest marches outside the store. Other flooded the local newspaper with angry letters. The mayor look up the cause. Even the police tried to set things right.
A grocer seems an unlikely figure to set of such an emotional outpouring. What he did shows the remarkable effect Wally-a man of endless warmth and good humor-had on people.
41．According to the passage which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Wally Urtz is always ready to help others every day.
B．Wally Urtz is a man who wants to draw attention to him.
C．Wally Urtz helped the author’s wife on purpose.
D．The author had known Wally Urtz before we moved to Hastings-on-Hudson.
42．The purpose of Kathy Dragan’s words in paragraph 4 is to show ______.
A．in the whole life of Kathy Dragan’s mother, Wally is the kindest person to her
B．when people get older, they would like to live by themselves
C．Wally had always cared about helping the older people
D．you should give your old mother whatever attention she needs
43．What’s people’s reaction to Wally Urtz’s being moved away
A．No one paid much attention to it.
B．Many people objected to it in different ways.
C．The police supported it will all their heart.
D．The mayor thought it was a good idea.
44．It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．A person in the grocery can easily express his feeling out to others.
B．A person full of warm-heartedness and humor has a great influence on people.
C．The mayor didn’t look into the reason of people’s emotional outpouring.
D．The author had joined in the plan of bringing Wally back.
45．Which of the following is the best title of this passage
A．Wally Urtz and Old people
B．A Food Shopping Grocer
C．Wally Urtz’s Being Moved Away
D．The Heart of Town-a Man of Endless Warmth
【答案】41．A 42．C 43．B 44．B 45．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个充满了无限温暖的人，每天都乐于帮助镇上的人，从而对全镇的人有着很大的影响。
41．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Our story, as it turned out, was typical Among Hasting’s 8,000 people living here, almost everybody had at least one about Wally’s politeness and generosity. (事实证明，我们的故事是住在
Hasting的8000人中的典型中的一个，几乎每个人都接受过Wally的礼貌和慷慨。)”可知，Wally每一天总是愿意帮助别人。故选A。
42．推理判断题。根据第四段中“He just appreciated that when people get older, their lives get smaller-they don’t drive, their friends have passed on and how much it means to be treated warmly(他总是关心的是，当人们变老时，他们的生活圈变小，他们不开车，他们的朋友已经去世了，以及如果温暖地对待他们。)”可知，Wally总是关心和帮助老年人。故选C。
43．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Neighbors called each other seeking the feeling of emotional comfort. Some planned to bring Wally back and staged protest marches outside the store. Other flooded the local newspaper with angry letters. (邻居们互相打电话，寻求情感上的安慰。一些人计划把Wally带回来，并在商店外举行抗议游行。其他人用愤怒的信件淹没了当地报纸。)”可知，当地人以不同的方式抗议Wally的离开。故选B。
44．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What he did shows the remarkable effect Wally-a man of endless warmth and good humor-had on people.( 他所做的一切表明了Wally——一个有着无尽温暖和幽默的人——对人们极大的影响。)”可知，一个充满热心和幽默感的人对人有很大的影响。故选B。
45．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了一个充满了无限温暖的人，每天都乐于帮助镇上的人。从而对全镇的人有着很大的影响。故D选项“The Heart of Town-a Man of Endless Warmth(小镇的心脏——一个无尽温暖的人)”适合文章的标题。故选D。
Passage 4
【2024届天津市河北区一模】In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away, the question arises: can one learn too much Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information.
Consider a scenario where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding diminishes. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach.
This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit of more information. Although gaining comprehensive knowledge is valuable, that is to say there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this pursuit obstructs practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes.
An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot.
The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals.
In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations. This balanced approach is key to overcoming the paralysis of overlearning and actively moving towards realizing your ambitions.
51．What problem does the digital age present in learning
A．Too much information. B．Learning to inaction.
C．Online distractions. D．Technical issues.
52．What stops people from achieving the goal
A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks.
B．The inability to find relevant information.
C．The confusion caused by the information.
D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy.
53．Why is practical experience important in the learning process
A．It replaces continuous learning.
B．It is irrelevant in gaining knowledge.
C．It holds back theoretical understanding.
D．It offers a comprehensive understanding.
54．The example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5 is used to ________.
A．compare different learning styles
B．show the importance of making mistakes
C．emphasize the need for parental guidance
D．explain learning through action and experience
55．What makes the best title for the passage
A．The Paradox of Information Overload B．The Harmony of Learning and Doing
C．The Pursuit of Balanced Knowledge D．The Process of Learning to Walk
【答案】51．A 52．C 53．D 54．D 55．B
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。在数字时代，过量的信息会造成学习停滞的问题，因此，在学习过程中，实践经验能帮助我们更全面的理解学习的知识，从而实现目标。
51．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away, the question arises: can one learn too much Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information.(在今天的数字时代，海量的信息只需点击一下，问题就来了：一个人会不会学得太多？因为没有人能掌握人类的全部知识。然而，有一种现象是，过度学习可能导致无所作为，一种被太多信息淹没的状态)”可知，数字时代给学习提供了太多的信息。故选A项。
52．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically feels like your understanding diminishes. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach.(你首先要进行广泛的研究，深入研究这个主题。当你吸收的信息越多，你的理解力就越差。每一个新的概念或策略都揭示出更深的层次，使目标看起来更加复杂和遥不可及)”可知，过多的信息会让理解变得更加复杂和遥不可及，即使理解变得更混乱。故选C项。
53．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot.(实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得有些措手不及。这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”可知，在学习过程中，实际经验是重要的，因为它可以通过实践帮助理解信息，提供一个全面的理解。故选D项。
54．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that
theoretical knowledge alone cannot.(实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得有些措手不及。这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”和倒数第二段“A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals.(婴儿不是通过坐着和分析走路的过程来学习走路的。相反，它通过尝试走路和摔倒来学习，然后从每次跌倒中了解什么有用，什么没用。通过反复的努力，最终学会了走路。这种方法也适用于目标实现。通过参与行动，从结果中学习，并做出相应的调整，你会逐渐接近你的目标)”可知，通过“婴儿学习走路”的例子可以解释通过行动和经验来学习这个观点。故选D项。
55．主旨大意题。根据文章全文，尤其是最后一段“In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations.(总之，虽然追求知识是有价值的，但重要的是不要让它成为行动的障碍。学习应该是行动的垫脚石，而不是目的本身。只有通过收集知识和应用知识的相互作用，我们才能真正朝着我们的愿望前进)”可知，本文介绍在学习过程中，应将信息和实践相结合，这样能更好地实现目标。B选项“学与做的和谐”与本文主旨相符。故选B项。
Passage 5
【2024届天津市河西区一模】The term “graffiti” is an Italian word meaning scratching or scribbling(乱涂). It entered the English language in the 1850s, specifically to describe the casual wall writing that experts found in Pompeii and the Roman tombs. Originally a term used only in ancient scribbling, the word has undergone considerable expansion of meaning in the past 75 years so that it now refers to any written message on a wall. Graffiti are characterized by their casualness; if they were more formal, they would be known as inscriptions(铭文).
The first piece of graffiti was found on one of the walls of the city Pompeii, which was destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD．It was one of 1,600 pieces of graffiti uncovered in Pompeii during a dig in the 19th century. Not surprisingly, there is much evidence of graffiti writing on the pyramid and temples of ancient Egypt. It is likely that ever since people have had walls and materials to scratch or paint with, they have been engaged in this simplest form of commu押天津卷36~55题
阅读理解之推理判断题+主旨大意题
核心考点 考情统计 考向预测 备考策略
推理判断题 【2023年第二次】 Q42；Q45 【2023年第一次】 Q40；Q41；Q48；Q50；Q54 【2022年第二次】 Q41；Q43；Q46；Q47；Q48；Q49； Q50；Q53；Q54 2024年高考天津卷还会考查推理判断题，一般在试卷中考查占50%以上的阅读理解小题的比率。以考查引申推断、目的和意图、作者态度为主。 2024年高考天津卷还会考查主旨大意题，以文章标题，文章大意和段落大意的形式出现一般在试卷中考查1--2个小题。 推理判断题： 审读题目关键词 根据语境的褒贬进行推断 选项看端倪：，尤其关注含有特别信息的选项，如意义绝对的词汇，all, never等。 关注否定词 透过现象看本质： 忠实于原文 主旨大意题： 去首段/尾段直接去找，留意反复出现的词。 新闻报道，议论文和说明文:主题句在首段。记叙文，议论文:主题句一般在尾段·在文中反复出现的词，肯定是文章的主题词。无主题的文章，需要自己概括大意。
主旨大意题 【2023年第二次】 Q45；Q55 【2023年第一次】 Q45；Q53 【2022年第二次】 Q45
Passage 1
【2023年天津第二次】Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, tales and
factual stories. Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes, castles and monsters, with a unique voice for each character.
Storytelling does not just take place at bedtime or round a campfire, however. It can take some other forms, either via the books we read or the films we watch. But they usually have some elements in common: rather than a list of dry facts, stories have plots and they introduce characters. We respond to stories, particularly when there is emotional detail.
And unlike what we suppose, storytelling is not just a form of entertainment, but a form of learning as well. Long before reading and writing became widely spread and available, oral storytelling had already been a form that the wisdom and knowledge of the people were passed down from elders to children. A good story engages our curiosity, emotions and imagination.
Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. Research has found that learning obtained from a well-told story is remembered more accurately, and for far longer, than from facts and figures.
And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. Stories are an entry point to understanding a different experience of the world.
This aspect of storytelling-presenting a different perspective of the world—is important when it comes to connecting with each other. It gives us an opportunity to learn from another person’s experience and it can shape, strengthen or challenge our opinions and values. So, when someone tells us their own personal story, we catch a glimpse (瞥见) of a view of the world that may be slightly or significantly different from our own. When we see the world as they see it, or walk in their shoes, the experience can inspire empathy (共情；同理心) with them.
49．What occurs to us the moment we think of “storytelling”
A．A child's imaginary world.
B．Voices of Mom or Dad.
C．An ancient art form.
D．Factual stories.
50．What are the common elements in all forms of storytelling according to the author
A．Form and style.
B．Facts and figures.
C．Emotional and physical details.
D．A series of events and characters.
51．Why does storytelling work better than mere statement of facts in promoting learning
A．It carries more wisdom and knowledge.
B．It is more widely available to young learners.
C．It satisfies our imagination and releases our emotions.
D．It makes what is learned more precise and longer lasting.
52．How can other people’s personal stories probably benefit us
A．By offering us more opportunities to know people.
B．By helping us stay connected with the contemporary world.
C．By allowing us to understand the world the way they see it.
D．By enabling us to tell reality from imagination.
53．What makes the best title for the passage
A．The History of Storytelling
B．The Power of Storytelling
C．The Forms of Storytelling
D．The Art of Storytelling
Passage 2
【2023年天津第一次】One freezing morning last February, I walked through Ontario Place. Trees were frosted sculptures. Large chunks of ice floated in the lake. Then I saw a group of people in bathing suits bouncing up and down in the water. They held hands, shouting and yelling into the sky. They looked and sounded so free.
I’ve always found cold water thrilling. The shock of it is like pressing a switch. It seems to reset my body and soul.
And last winter, I definitely needed a reset. I woke up most mornings with a dull, grey feeling as I forced myself out of bed to start the day. I needed something to cheer myself up, but I didn’t know what, until that day.
The ice warriors (勇士) emerged from the lake, their skin steaming. Trembling, they were yet laughing and hugging each other. I called out: “You guys are awesome!” One woman waved back, “Come and join us! We’ re here every Monday morning.”
The night before my first dip (游泳), I was excited and nervous. Cold water was one thing, but this icy lake was a whole other level. Should I back out Eventually, I got up in the dark and drove to the meeting spot.
After some wild warm up, I charged into the lake along with others. We yelled into the sky. Teeth chattering heart rates slowing, fingers and toes going numb (麻木), we stayed there for somewhere between two and five minutes. Knowing it was my first time, people cheered me on. It felt amazing. I was stupid with cold, but I couldn’t remember the last time I’d felt so happy.
Now I go dipping almost every day, and I’ve come to long for that moment when the cold becomes a second skin and my internal voice goes silent. Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which, ironically, saved me from going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls.
We laughed together, often, but from the stories we’ve shared about ourselves, I know I’m not the only one who faces life’s challenges. Holding hands in the freezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and will do so through this one.
It won’t fix everything in our lives—but for some reason, it helps. At the end of each session I return home feeling stronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, I’m more than ready to embrace the cold again.
39．When the author saw the people in the lake, her feeling can be best described as __________
A．nervous B．amazed
C．frightened D．calm
40．Why did the author think of joining the swimmers
A．To expand her social circle. B．To lift her spirits again.
C．To adapt to the cold weather. D．To prepare for a new career
41．What can be learnt about the author’s first dipping
A．She hesitated a bit before going.
B．She suffered from a heart problem.
C．She stayed in cold water too long.
D．She regretted not doing enough warm up.
42．What change has cold water swimming brought about in the author
A．She is more intelligent.
B．She gets more competitive.
C．She becomes a better storyteller.
D．She regains her inner peace.
43．What message does the author most likely want to convey
A．Severe cold builds up character
B．Group wisdom brightens our life.
C．Tackling the odds together cures.
D．Doing sports promotes friendship.
Passage 3
【2023年天津第一次】Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from accidental failures. It would be impossible to progress in anything, after all, without taking the occasional misstep. And by understanding how we slipped, we can avoid falling in the future.
Few would advocate making intentional mistakes, however. Yet consciously erring (犯错) can promote deeper understanding and better recall. The phenomenon is known as the derring effect—coming from “deliberate (故意的) erring”—and when applied properly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas of life.
In one experiment carried out at the National University of Singapore, participants were given the task of learning concepts on a difficult subject. For some terms, they simply copied out the correct definition; for others, they were asked to first add an error in their description of the term before correcting the mistake.
Naturally, you would expect the addition of the errors to have increased unwanted confusion.Yet the exact opposite was true: the participants who made deliberate errors learned about twice as much as the people who simply copied out the correct definitions.
The derring effect could be applied in other situations. So a music teacher may find the addition of deliberate errors could help a student remember the right musical notes. Such a playful approach could fuel their creativity for composition, if the student looks for ways to develop those wrong notes into something more attractive. It is encouraging to discover that by readily accepting our errors and wisely placing ourselves in the way of being wrong, we can in fact overcome weaknesses and rise stronger.
The derring effect could be useful for many other challenges too. If you enjoy cooking, for example, you may faithfully follow a recipe without questioning the instructions. But why not try to break away from those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you If you are painting,meanwhile,you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what you produce.
At worst, you will have refreshed and deepened your knowledge of the rules you normally apply, so that you
can be even more effective next time. At best, you may just find that you have discovered something completely new and unexpected, through a flash of inspiration that you would have missed with perfectionism. Either way, your apparent missteps will have moved you a little closer to true mastery.
49．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ____________.
A．a routine warning
B．a popular misbelief
C．a commonly-held view
D．a theoretical assumption
50．What can be learnt about the experiment
A．Adding intentional errors facilitates learning.
B．Correcting mistakes is the key to learning.
C．Errors contribute to confusion in learning.
D．Learners make fewer errors in difficult subjects.
51．According to the author using the approach mentioned in Paragraph 5 may result in _______.
A．disappointing performances
B．greater creative power
C．the discovery of problems
D．the admission of weaknesses
52．Which of the following would the author encourage you to do
A．Strictly follow traditional recipes when cooking.
B．Avoid making mistakes and be a perfectionist.
C．Occasionally ignore traffic regulations.
D．Try unconventional coloring in painting.
53．What could be the best title for the passage
A．The Challenge of Derring
B．Erring Prevents Failure
C．To Err is Fruitful
D．Errors: Accidental or Intentional
Passage 4
【2023年天津第二次】I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race.
I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it.
I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past.
My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water.
Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.
Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy.
Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip.
I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra …
39．What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind
A．Her miserable past.
B．An unforgettable sport event.
C．The stories behind the violins.
D．Her childhood memory.
40．What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________.
A．mindless and bad-tempered
B．caring and supportive
C．strict and demanding
D．tolerant and sympathetic
41．What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration
A．The tune of the flutes.
B．The beat of the drums.
C．The sound of the violin.
D．The manner of the musicians.
42．What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra
A．The steady improvement in her taste.
B．Her strong desire for success.
C．Her natural gift for music.
D．The rapid progress in her ability.
43．What message does Tara's story convey
A．It's never too young to learn.
B．A passionate interest works wonders.
C．Hard work will pay off in the long run.
D．Like mother, like daughter.
Passage 5
【2022年天津第二次】I’m an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall and good-looking, with two short story books and quite a number of essays to my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself Just to explain that the attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began.
Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high pared to all the white girls around
me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!”
What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-confidence. It always stood between me and any fine opportunity. I’d taken it as an excuse to avoid any public speaking sessions, and unknowingly let it rule over me.
Fortunately, as I grew older, there came a turning point. One day a white girl caught my eye on the school bus when she suddenly turned back. To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in November! “Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s perfectly normal.” Days later, my life took an-other twist(转折). Searching the internet for stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that such famous people as Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill also stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.
Another boost to my self-confidence came days later as I was watching the news about Oprah Winfrey, the famous talk show host and writer—she’s black too! Whenever I think of her story and my former dislike of my color, I’m practically filled with shame.
Today, I’ve grown to accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling of uniqueness. The idea of self-love has taken on a whole new meaning for me: there’s always something fantastic about us, and what we need to do is learn to appreciate it.
41．What affected the author’s adjustment to her school life in Norway？
A．Her appearance
B．Social discrimination.
C．Her changing emotions.
D．The climate in Norway.
42．What did the author’s occasional stuttering bring about according on Paragraph 3
A．Her lack of self-confidence.
B．Her loss of interest in school.
C．Her unwillingness to greet her classmates.
D．Her desire for chances to improve herself.
43．How did the author feel on noticing the similarity between her and the girl on the bus
A．Blessed and proud.
B．Confused and afraid.
C．Amazed and relieved.
D．Shocked and ashamed.
44．What lesson did the author learn from the cases of Newton and Churchill
A．Great minds speak alike.
B．Stuttering is no barrier to success.
C．Wisdom counts more than hard work.
D．Famous people can’t live with their weaknesses.
45．What can best summarize the message contained in the passage
A．Pride comes before a fall.
B．Where there is a will, there is a way.
C．Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself.
D．Self-love is key to the attainment of self-pride.
Passage 6
【2022年天津第二次】Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition(认知) What about our body Is it possible for thought and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition(EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.
If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs—they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world，they cry when they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to as-sociate being warm with being loved.
Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve centre that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer, processing everything and forming your reactions.
Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one experiment, test subjects(实验对象) were
asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being“included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer.
For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages.
Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it If you’re having a bad day,a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions.
46．According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in ________.
A．facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology
B．revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition
C．offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain
D．bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition
47．Where does the new borns’ understanding of their surroundings start from
A．Their personal looks.
B．Their mental needs.
C．Their inner emotions.
D．Their physical feelings.
48．The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove________.
A．environment impacts how we judge others
B．how body temperature is related to health
C．the mind and the body influence each other
D．how humans interact with their surroundings
49．What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors in Paragraph 5
A．Human speech is alive with metaphors.
B．Human senses have effects on thinking.
C．Human language is shaped by visual images.
D．Human emotions are often compared to natural materials.
50．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph
A．To share with the reader ways to release their emotions.
B．To guide the reader onto the path to career success.
C．To encourage the reader to put EC into practice.
D．To deepen the reader’s understanding of EC．
秘籍01推理判断题
推理判断题不是选事实，而是有一个推理判断的过程推理判断一定要基于文本，要合理。
推理判断题一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断。
设问关键词：
infer(推断)
indicate(象征，暗示)
imply/suggest(暗示）
conclude(作出结论)
assume (假定，设想）
注意：
文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选根据文章推理出来的选项；
一定要忠于原文的观点，不要主观臆断；
推理要能从原文找到依据，不要凭空猜测；一定要多注意转折处，答案往往会在此处周围；
态度题一定要重点品形容词和副词。
秘籍02主旨大意题
这类题型的标志词有：title、subject、main idea、topic、theme等。
做题技巧：
抓住主题句子快速掌握大意，主题句一般出现在段首或段尾。
以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第
一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第二、三句的关系。如果从第二句子开始就是对第一句的说明、论述或者描述，那么第一句便是主题句。
有些文章会在开头列举事实，然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或者综合性的话，最好先阅读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主题句的特征，那么段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。
我们也可以通过将各段首尾串联，但也要注意转折句。如果文章开头有提问，回答的句子一般就是中心主旨。
干扰项特征：
①选项概括片面，只含一段或者几段内容；
②表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据。
Passage 1
【2024届天津市河北区一模】On a cool autumn evening, while wandering through the streets of the old town, my attention was captured by a charming bookstore located between towering buildings. The warm light through its windows drew me closer, and without realizing it, I stood at its entrance, peering through the glass.
Earlier that day, after enjoying a pleasant lunch with friends, I had decided to explore the city on foot. Despite passing through this part of town numerous times, I had never spotted the charming bookstore. However, on this particular evening, something about it seemed irresistibly inviting.
Gently brushing away the fallen leaves from the window frame, I took a closer look inside. Rows of shelves filled with books of various sizes and colors stretched across the small and friendly interior, each volume whispering tales of adventure and wisdom. As my eyes moved over the titles, a wave of fond memories washed over me, transporting me back to my childhood.
Growing up, my world was dominated by sports and outdoor activities, often at my father’s insistence. He would say, “You need to play football, Alex. It builds character.” Yet deep down, I always felt out of place on the football field, my mind wandering to distant lands and heroic tales.
Every Sunday, after an exhausting football match, I would secretly go to my room and lose myself in books. The characters became my friends, and their journeys provided my escape. I still vividly recall the overwhelming joy I experienced when I first read about the adventures of a young wizard. His bravery and determination deeply
touched me.
One day, our school librarian noticed my passion for reading and suggested I join the book club. Hesitant and unsure of my father’s reaction, I took the club flyer (宣传单) home, my heart racing with a mix of fear and hope. To my surprise, he was supportive, his typically serious expression softening as he signed the permission slip.
Joining the book club marked a turning point. I discovered a community where I truly belonged, and my passion for reading was embraced and nurtured. I began to craft my own stories, each one reflecting my dreams and desires.
As I stood there, lost in these thoughts, the door of bookstore opened, inviting me in. Stepping inside felt like coming home, a place where dreams and reality met. It was a reminder of how books had shaped my life, guiding me through the challenges of childhood and inspiring me to find my true passion.
41．What was the author’s first impression of the bookstore on the autumn evening
A．It appeared to be closed and deserted. B．It seemed disappointing and dark.
C．It was incredibly welcome. D．It looked modern and busy.
42．Why did the author’s father ask him to play football during his upbringing
A．To improve his strong personal qualities.
B．To keep him physically fit and healthy.
C．To prepare him for a sports career.
D．To follow a family tradition.
43．The father’s act of signing the club flyer implies that he is ________.
A．strict and demanding B．mindless and annoying
C．considerate and approving D．protective and understanding
44．What effect did joining the book club have on the author
A．It isolated him from social life. B．It made him give up on sports entirely.
C．It shaped the author’s personal growth. D．It changed the author’s view on reading.
45．What message does the author’s story convey
A．Meeting expectations. B．Pursuing one’s passions.
C．Exploring with excitement. D．Prioritizing physical activities.
Passage 2
【2024届天津市河西区一模】Whether you’re considering gap time directly after high school, during
college, or a mid-career break, taking a year off is a great opportunity to learn through new experiences, grow beyond your comfort zone, and get out of your ordinary routine.
If your hunger to travel the world, meet new people, and experience new adventures can no longer be ignored, a gap year program is a great opportunity to volunteer abroad, teach abroad, intern abroad, or attend a language school. Whether you’re attracted by a quick tour across country borders on multiple continents, or a long-term stay in a near or distant city, the best way to spend your gap year is completely up to you!
Gap years are becoming increasingly common for students and young professionals. In fact, many find that when applying for jobs, their gap year experience helps their resume stand out among a sea of qualified candidates.
Because of the popularity of gap years, potential gap year travelers have tons of questions like: Is taking a gap year possible
Who takes a gap year
How much does a gap year cost
How can I make the most of my gap year
When is the best time to take a gap year
Will a gap year affect my college applications
What are the pros and cons of a gap year
Am I too old to take a gap year
Are there gap year jobs available
Here at Go Overseas we have detailed information to help you have a year of meaningful growth through exploring your interests, passions, and curiosities, as well as supporting your desire for experiential learning, either locally or abroad. Go through gap year program listings and reviews, read through expert gap year advice and ideas, and decide how to get the most out of your gap year.
36．What do you know about the gap year
A．It is not worthwhile. B．It mainly suits school students.
C．It does more harm than good. D．It contributes to a new routine.
37．Who can consider taking a gap year according to the text
A．People who have only been on the job for a year.
B．People who always want to learn a new language abroad.
C．High school students who are tired of sitting all day long.
D．People who want to achieve work-life balance in the long run.
38．What does a gap year do for job seekers
A．It makes little difference to them.
B．It makes their resumes look more authentic.
C．It makes their potential employers confused.
D．It increases their chances of being hired.
39．What is the purpose of the list of the questions
A．To draw the attention of new gap year travelers.
B．To show the difficulties that a gap year traveler may meet.
C．To reflect what people might want to know about taking a gap year.
D．To explain why people should take a gap year into consideration.
40．What is this text
A．A travel guide.
B．A guide to career choices.
C．An advertisement for taking a gap year.
D．Suggestions for having a wonderful school life.
Passage 3
【2024届天津市红桥区一模】How did one man prove that small kindnesses add up
My family first met Wally Urtz, the gentle, modest manage of our local supermarket, on a windy day nearly 20 years ago just after we’d moved to Hasting-on-Hudson, a New York City suburb. As my wife made her way to the store’s exit, attending her groceries and two small children, Wally rushed up beside her. “I’ll get those, young lady,” he said brightly, taking her bags and leading her to the parking lot. Now that may seem like no big deal-except that these days things like that so seldom happen.
Our story, as it turned out, was typical Among Hasting’s 8,000 people living here, almost everybody had at least one about Wally’s politeness and generosity. There ware the times he’d reach into his own pocket when someone was short of money; the times he’d show small kindnesses to someone who’d just lost a loved one or who was in the middle of divorce; the many, many times he’d put himself out for older people.
“He just appreciated that when people get older, their lives get smaller-they don’t drive, their friends have
passed on and how much it means to be treated warmly,” one woman, Kathy Dragan said, “When my mother was in her 80s, it was a treat for her to go to the store.” Wally would call out to the shop clerk and say, “You give her whatever attention she needs.” She’d tell me, “He’s kinder to me than some people I’ve known all my life.”
Yet few of us fully understood what Wally meant to the people’s life of our community-until he was sent to another store 20 miles away. For some unknown reason, the Food Emporium chain had decided to replace 67-year-old Wally after 26 years due to “operational issues related to operating a store the size of the one in Hastings.”
No one could believe it. Word spread quickly. Neighbors called each other seeking the feeling of emotional comfort. Some planned to bring Wally back and staged protest marches outside the store. Other flooded the local newspaper with angry letters. The mayor look up the cause. Even the police tried to set things right.
A grocer seems an unlikely figure to set of such an emotional outpouring. What he did shows the remarkable effect Wally-a man of endless warmth and good humor-had on people.
41．According to the passage which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Wally Urtz is always ready to help others every day.
B．Wally Urtz is a man who wants to draw attention to him.
C．Wally Urtz helped the author’s wife on purpose.
D．The author had known Wally Urtz before we moved to Hastings-on-Hudson.
42．The purpose of Kathy Dragan’s words in paragraph 4 is to show ______.
A．in the whole life of Kathy Dragan’s mother, Wally is the kindest person to her
B．when people get older, they would like to live by themselves
C．Wally had always cared about helping the older people
D．you should give your old mother whatever attention she needs
43．What’s people’s reaction to Wally Urtz’s being moved away
A．No one paid much attention to it.
B．Many people objected to it in different ways.
C．The police supported it will all their heart.
D．The mayor thought it was a good idea.
44．It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．A person in the grocery can easily express his feeling out to others.
B．A person full of warm-heartedness and humor has a great influence on people.
C．The mayor didn’t look into the reason of people’s emotional outpouring.
D．The author had joined in the plan of bringing Wally back.
45．Which of the following is the best title of this passage
A．Wally Urtz and Old people
B．A Food Shopping Grocer
C．Wally Urtz’s Being Moved Away
D．The Heart of Town-a Man of Endless Warmth
Passage 4
【2024届天津市河北区一模】In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away, the question arises: can one learn too much Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information.
Consider a scenario where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding diminishes. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach.
This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit of more information. Although gaining comprehensive knowledge is valuable, that is to say there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this pursuit obstructs practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes.
An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot.
The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals.
In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations. This balanced approach is key to overcoming the paralysis of overlearning and actively moving towards realizing your ambitions.
51．What problem does the digital age present in learning
A．Too much information. B．Learning to inaction.
C．Online distractions. D．Technical issues.
52．What stops people from achieving the goal
A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks.
B．The inability to find relevant information.
C．The confusion caused by the information.
D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy.
53．Why is practical experience important in the learning process
A．It replaces continuous learning.
B．It is irrelevant in gaining knowledge.
C．It holds back theoretical understanding.
D．It offers a comprehensive understanding.
54．The example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5 is used to ________.
A．compare different learning styles
B．show the importance of making mistakes
C．emphasize the need for parental guidance
D．explain learning through action and experience
55．What makes the best title for the passage
A．The Paradox of Information Overload B．The Harmony of Learning and Doing
C．The Pursuit of Balanced Knowledge D．The Process of Learning to Walk
Passage 5
【2024届天津市河西区一模】The term “graffiti” is an Italian word meaning scratching or scribbling(乱涂). It entered the English language in the 1850s, specifically to describe the casual wall writing that experts found in Pompeii and the Roman tombs. Originally a term used only in ancient scribbling, the word has undergone
considerable expansion of meaning in the past 75 years so that it now refers to any written message on a wall. Graffiti are characterized by their casualness; if they were more formal, they would be known as inscriptions(铭文).
The first piece of graffiti was found on one of the walls of the city Pompeii, which was destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD．It was one of 1,600 pieces of graffiti uncovered in Pompeii during a dig in the 19th century. Not surprisingly, there is much evidence of graffiti writing on the pyramid and temples of ancient Egypt. It is likely that ever since people have had walls and materials to scratch or paint with, they have been engaged in this simplest form of communication.
The writing of graffiti gives people a unique opportunity to achieve some kind of public audience. Thus short poems, declarations of love, pieces of political and revolutionary polemic(论战), and criticisms of institutions and people form a significant part of graffiti.
Apart from its usefulness in terms of self-expression, graffiti is also a valuable source for historians. There is always the possibility that historical events may be recorded by the presence of graffiti. Perhaps the most interesting example of this is the graffiti relating to the gladiatorial(角斗士) contests held in Pompeii. Graffiti can also give us a unique view into the daily life and customs of a people, for its casual expression encourages the recording of details that more formal writing would tend to ignore.
In the late 1970s, graffiti became popular. A thought written on a toilet wall in Wolverhampton can now be read in Chicago or Adelaide. In its own way, this is probably the most fascinating example of McLuhan’s concept of “the global village”. We now have a worldwide toilet wall.
46．According to the first paragraph, graffiti________.
A．is another name for “inscription”
B．got its name from the English language
C．was born in the 1850s
D．Mainly refers to casual writing or pictures on walls
47．What can be inferred from the second paragraph
A．Graffiti has a long history.
B．Graffiti is an attractive form of art.
C．Graffiti made the ancient city Pompeii famous.
D．Graffiti was ancient Egyptian’s main way of communication.
48．What does the third and fourth paragraphs mainly tell us
A．Graffiti’s great value.
B．Graffiti’s features.
C．Graffiti’s way of expression.
D．Graffiti’s connection with people’s daily life.
49．The graffiti relating to the gladiatorial contests is mentioned in the passage to prove that ______.
A．graffiti can show people’s customs
B．graffiti can provide valuable historical evidence
C．graffiti was mainly used to record important events
D．graffiti can provide more detailed information than formal writing
50．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph implies that______.
A．the presence of graffiti makes the world closely connected
B．the concept of “the global village” is famous worldwide
C．graffiti has become very popular all over the world
D．people like using toilet walls to share their graffiti
Passage 6
【2024届天津市红桥区一模】If someone created a flying machine able to track you down by listening for your voice, you might be terrified. But what if you were trapped in ruins after a natural disaster and first responders couldn’t locate you Maybe then a human-seeking drone (无人机) wouldn’t be such a terrible idea. That concept is the focus for engineers at Germany’s Fraunhofer FKIE Institute, who’ve built a drone to find people by detecting human screams.
“The human seeking drone would be ideal for post-disaster situations, such as earth-quakes, hurricanes and wildfires,” said Macarena Varela, one of the lead engineers. “They could hover (盘旋) over an area that rescue crews have difficulty getting to and locate exactly where people may be trapped.”
Locating people by sound presents its share of challenges. An auditory (听觉的) system would need to tell human cries from sounds that often happen in nature, such as animal calls and wind. It might also need to recognize patterns associated with kicking, clapping or other ways people try to get the attention of rescue teams.
Engineers took those situations into account when building out their concept drone. They recorded themselves screaming, tapping and creating other noises they might be a sign of people in trouble. Then, they analyzed each sound frequency to find common signatures and used those to train artificial intelligence software. They also
worked to remove the noise created by the drone and other environmental sounds.
Once the software part was completed, the team placed tiny digital microphones under the drone and used signal processing techniques that enabled them to track where human noises are coming from. The microphones also enhanced the volume and clearness of the speech. So far, they have conducted successful open field experiments, finding that the drone can estimate a victim’s location within a few seconds of picking up sound.
Next, they would like to add a higher frequency microphone to a drone to acquire more audio sound signals. The idea is to pick up noises from hundreds of meters away, Varela said. In the real world, victim’s location date might one day be sent wirelessly to emergeney crews carrying a tablet.
46．What is the advantage of the human-seeking drone
A．Its high speed of flying. B．Its long working hours.
C．Its quick response to screams. D．Its easy access to disaster scene.
47．What can the auditory system do
A．Recognize human cries.
B．Pick up sounds from far away.
C．Send victim’s location data to a tablet.
D．Improve the quality of human screams.
48．What does the underlined word “signatures” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Effects. B．Features. C．Symbols. D．Situations.
49．Up to now, engineers have successfully ________.
A．developed higher frequency microphones for use on drones
B．rescued disaster victims by using drones to recognize human cries.
C．coached artificial intelligence software to distinguish human and natural sounds
D．completed outdoor experiments using drones to quickly locate disaster victims
50．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．AI Enables Drones to Give Better Performance
B．Human-seeking Drones Replace Rescue Crews
C．Engineers Teach Drones to Hunt Human Screams
D．Rescuers Use Drones to Locate Disaster Survivors
Passage 7
【2024届天津市红桥区一模】Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one’s personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a person’s ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead a better way of doing things. All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.
However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who miss the “good old days”, efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with the additional feature of having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off.
With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today. Factories have improved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handcrafts are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.
Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from onepoint of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.
It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created.
51．According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to ________.
A．live an advanced life
B．look for better technical methods
C．change ways of living at the moment
D．accept technology and advance steadily
52．The author explains “ efficiency comes with a price ” by ________.
A．describing a process
B．using examples
C．following time order
D．making classification
53．Compared with home- made handicrafts, machine made products ________.
A．lack great accuracy
B．lack the personal touch
C．are of high value
D．are quite welcome
54．What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4
A．It can destroy new traditions.
B．It can lead to social progress.
C．It can be used to correct mistakes if necessary.
D．It can be used to preserve old products.
55．What can be concluded from the last paragraph
A．Progress can suit the needs of daily life.
B．People review the past with great regret.
C．Technology should be introduced in a fixed way.
D．People’s attitude decides the use of technology.
Passage 8
【2024届天津市宁河区一模】Wild animals are equipped with a variety of techniques to avoid becoming lunch for a bigger animal, also known as a predator (捕食者) in nature. The most well-known methods include the classic fight and flight as well as freeze.
A team of researchers wondered whether closeness to people might impact those survival strategies. “We often see that animals are more tolerant around us in urban areas, but we don’t really know why.” says evolutionary biologist Dan Blumstein. “Is it individual plasticity, meaning individuals change their fear of us and that leads to tolerance Or can there be an evolutionary factor involved ”
To find out, Blumstein and his colleagues combined information from 173 studies of over 100 species, including mammals, birds, fish and even mollusks. It turns out that regardless of evolutionary ancestry, the animals react in a similar way to life among humans: they lose their anti-predator characteristics. That pattern is especially pronounced for plant-eating animals and for social species. This behavioral change is perhaps unsurprising when it’s intentional, the result of domestication or controlled breeding. But it turns out that urbanization alone results in a similar change, though around three times more slowly.
The main point is: we’re essentially domesticating animals by urbanization. We’re selecting for the same sorts of characteristics that we would if we were actually trying to domesticate them. If the urbanization process helps animals better co-exist with people, it could be to their benefit. But if it makes them more defenseless to their nonhuman predators, it could be a real problem. Either way, these results, mean that city living has enough of an influence on wild animals that evolutionary processes kick in. Those reductions in anti-predator characteristics become encoded in their genes. We’re changing the population genetics one way or another.
What the researchers now wonder is whether the mere presence of tourists in less urbanized areas can cause similar changes in wild animals. If so, serious questions exist for the idea of ethical, welfare-oriented eco-tourism. If we wish to help animals keep their anti-predator defenses, the researchers say, we might have to intentionally expose animals to predators. It’s just yet one other way that we’re changing the world around us.
46．The research led by Blumstein is aimed at ________.
A．determining how animals’ survival is impacted by individual plasticity.
B．studying how living among humans affects animals’ survival strategies
C．comparing the effectiveness of different survival techniques
D．finding out which evolutionary factor impacts animals’ survival methods
47．Which of the following practices may contribute to animals losing anti-predator characteristics
A．Controlled breeding of animals. B．Banning the operation of eco-tourism.
C．Planned selection of favorable genes. D．Eliminating domestication.
48．Which of the following statements is Blumstein likely to agree with
A．Urbanization has made wild animals more alert.
B．Urbanization has brought concrete benefits to animals.
C．City living has led to animals’ genetic variations.
D．City living has helped to preserve animal species.
49．The animal rescue center spotted an injured fox a year ago and has since nursed it back to health. Before releasing it back to the wild, the center should probably ________.
A．expose the fox to the urban environment repeatedly
B．train the fox to co-exist with the less aggressive predators
C．intentionally get the fox accustomed to the presence of humans
D．purposefully adapt the fox to predator related environment
50．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To amuse people with recent interesting scientific findings.
B．To remind people to help animals survive in a correct way.
C．To promote eco-tourism in cities around the world.
D．To warn people of the danger of animal presence in cities.
Passage 9
【2024届天津市宁河区一模】When evaluating people on various psychological tests, psychologists often distinguish between markers of absolute performance and relative performance. Absolute performance reflects the raw measurement of something, like the time it takes to run a mile. Relative performance is how a person rates in relation to their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race.
The standards we use to evaluate ourselves are almost always relative, as we compare ourselves to our peers and the standards that are most familiar to us. Our conscious recognition of these peers and norms is what sets our expectations, shaping our self-image and happiness. What’s interesting about the relative comparisons that most of us make is that in whatever area of life we consider—for example, our highest level of education—it’s not how we fare in comparison to the rest of the world that seems to matter most, but rather how we compare to our closest peers.
For instance, in my private practice, I have one patient I will call “Omar” who is dependent on social services and makes less than $30,000 per year at his job. While this level of poverty would lead most people to wake up depressed each day, Omar is one of the most optimistic and appreciative individuals I know. Why Because most of his closest peers—his siblings and friends from childhood—have lives far worse than his.
In contrast to. Omar, I have another patient, an adolescent I’ll call “Lena”, whose family has property over $5 million. Lena, however, lives in an upper-class neighborhood where her family is at the lower end of the income level. Though Lena’s family allows her to enjoy possessions and experiences that less than 1 percent of her peers
across the world can share, she consistently feels “less than”. Why Because Lena doesn’t compare herself to the rest of the world; This is too abstract an exercise for her, as it would be for most of us.
Accordingly, whether a psychologist is psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioral, therapy (疗法) with individuals struggling with situation al or psychological depression aims to solve the problems associated with basing one’s self-worth on comparisons with others. Psychologists try to help people focus on personal growth around the achievement of concrete goals in line with their values independent of the achievement of others. For all of us, defining these goals, especially during Periods of emotional calm, can go a long way in helping us to avoid the trap of relativity that often leads to situational and psychological depression.
51．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.
A．show the significance of evaluating people.
B．motivate readers to study psychological tests.
C．help people perform well in psychological tests
D．provide some background information on evaluating people.
52．Why does the author mention his two patients
A．To measure different achievement.
B．To introduce the standards to evaluate people.
C．To explain relative performance with examples.
D．To contrast relative performance and absolute performance.
53．Which of the following statements is true according to Para.3 and Para.4
A．“Omar” is independent on social services.
B．“Omar” ‘s siblings lead better lives than he does.
C．“Lena” is always discontented with what she has.
D．“Lena” tends to compare herself to the rest of the world.
54．What message does the last paragraph convey
A．Setting goals in life is essential for everyone.
B．It’s important to avoid unhealthy comparisons.
C．A sense of achievement can affect one’s happiness.
D．Improving self-worth can help get rid of depression.
55．What is the best title for the text
A．Happiness: Is it all relative B．Happiness: Is it associated with achievement
C．Self-worth: Is it based on efforts D．Self-worth: Is it measurable
Passage 10
【2024届天津市十二区县重点学校联考一模】How do consumers access, buy and use their favorite products and services The answer to the seemingly simple question is changing. Traditionally, people often see ownership as the most desirable way to have access to products. However, an increasing number of consumers are paying to temporarily access or share products and services rather than buy or own them Customer behavior towards many goods and services changes from ownership to sharing. This transformation of people’s consumption, habits has made sharing economy grow and it seems that some individuals and companies have already benefited from this trend.
Growth in sharing systems bas particularly been fueled by the Internet with the rise of social media systems. Anyone can be part of the sharing economy. It is reported that of the 44 percent of U.S. adults who are familiar with the sharing economy, 86 percent say it makes life more affordable, 83 percent say it makes life more convenient and efficient, and 78 percent say it builds a stronger community. The central idea of group consumption is simple: Obtain value which remains in goods or services that are not entirely used by their owners.
A recent survey from Pricewaterhouse Coopers, the largest professional service firm in the world, shows this so-called “sharing economy” is growing faster than ever. Although we are not sure about the current size of this market, by 2025, according to Pricewaterhouse Coopers, the sharing economy could represent $335 billion in profit worldwide. Nowadays, well-known examples of successful corporations built on group consumption systems include Airbnb, a San Francisco-based online accommodations marketplace, and Zipcar, a car sharing brand that is now part of the vehicle rental service company.
The speed of its growth suggests that the sharing economy might represent a serious threat to established industries, due to fewer purchases in conventional markets. For consumers, it seems to bold the advantage to unite cost reduction, benefit expansion, convenience and environmental consciousness in one type of consumption. Companies therefore should understand the new situation and manage their operating system in order to adapt to current and future business models to provide new sources of profits within this growing area of the sharing economy.
46．How does the sharing economy work
A．Exchanging possessions of products online.
B．Sharing something with the owners.
C．Selling underused items to make money.
D．Paying for sharing products or services owned by others.
47．Which of the following is NOT a reason for the growth of sharing economy
A．The change of people’s consumption habits.
B．People’s need to reduce life expenses.
C．The decline of traditional business.
D．The easier access to the Internet.
48．According to Pricewaterhouse Coopers, we learn that________.
A．44 percent of U.S. adults think sharing economy makes life easier
B．sharing economy can have a promising future
C．sharing economy is expanding too fast to threaten other business
D．group consumption systems can be successful if run by large companies
49．In the last paragraph, the writer mainly wants to say that________.
A．traditional business should find different sources of profits
B．sharing economy has many advantages over conventional industry
C．the growth of sharing economy has led to the decrease of purchases
D．traditional business should try to adapt to sharing economy
50．Which can be the best title of the passage
A．The Rise of Sharing Economy
B．Sharing Makes Life Better
C．Advantages of Sharing Economy
D．Sharing Economy or Conventional Business
Passage 11
【2024届天津市十二区县重点校高三一模】Online classes began to be popularized just a few decades ago. They are advertised as a way for adults to finish their education and students to learn the material at their own pace—it is far more suitable for people with busy schedules.
But after being enrolled in an online course last fall semester, I came to realize online classes were merely a means to fulfil course requirements.
First of all, students lack the desire to learn, and they simply complete their assignments to receive credit for a passing grade rather than genuinely engage with the course material.
As online courses tend to have more than 100 students, most of the assignments are short and simple. They are not designed for students to interact with the material in depth but designed to be graded casily to accommodate such a large number of students.
Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of taking an online class is the absence of face-to-face interaction between the teacher and their students. Live sessions are infrequent and are often scheduled during the middle of the day when students have to attend other classes or work. The office hours of the professor may also be during inconvenient times for many students as well. Most interaction with the professor has to be through email which is often impersonal. It is nearly impossible for students to build a relationship with their professor.
There is also little interaction amongst students. It can be harder for students to create study groups and form relationships with their peers.
Online classes also require either a computer or laptop and a reliable internet connection. Not all students have access to these types of resources, whether it is for financial or other reasons, and some students can be put at a disadvantage.
Offering online classes certainly helps students who would otherwise not be able to attend classroom sessions. However, they fail to provide a genuine education with an emphasis on convenience rather than critical thinking. We need restructured online classes in which students can have a learning experience that will actually provide quality education.
51．What does the author say about students enrolled in online classes
A．They can access course materials easily. B．They are unmotivated to learn.
C．They can learn at their own pace. D．They rarely fulfil the course requirements.
52．What does the author think of online course assignments
A．They are made convenient to mark.
B．They are meant to facilitate interaction.
C．They are based on easily accessible material.
D．They are given to accommodate students’ needs.
53．What does the author say is one disadvantage of online classes
A．They are frequently scheduled at irregular times.
B．They make professors’ offices much less accessible.
C．They tend to increase professors’ burden of responding to students’ emails.
D．They provide little chance for students to build relationships with each other.
54．What problem may arise if classes go online
A．More students may find it easy to be absent from them.
B．Teachers will worry about poor internet connections.
C．Some students may have difficulty attending them.
D．Schools with limited resources will be at a disadvantage.
55．What does the author think consists of a key part of genuine education
A．Acquisition of useful knowledge. B．Training of real-life skills on campus.
C．Development of students’ personalities. D．Cultivation of analytical thinking ability.

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