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备战2024年高考英语复习资料基础生宝典
深挖高考英语真题阅读文本素材
写在前面：本系列致力于深挖解析全国高考英语真题里面的阅读文本素材，深挖最基础的知识点与分析文章长难句，保证基础不好分数不高的基础生能够在做真题时候学习基础知识，积累句型搭配以及学会如何分析长难句，夯实基础。
【文本来源：2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷B篇】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
【任务一】学习基础单词
序号 单词 音标 释义 拓展
1 Mindful / ma ndf l/ 留心的；注意的 - Mindful of: 注意到；留意到
2 Arugula / ru ɡj l / 芝麻菜 - Rocket (Synonym)
3 Invitation / nv te n/ 邀请；请柬 - Extend an invitation: 发出邀请
4 Throwing / θro / 扔；抛 - Throwing away: 扔掉；抛弃
5 Rejecting /r d ekt / 拒绝；不予采纳 - Rejecting offers: 拒绝提议
6 Environmental / n va r n mentl/ 环境的；有关环境的 - Environmental protection: 环境保护
7 Greenhouse / ɡri nha s/ 温室；温室效应 - Greenhouse gases: 温室气体
8 Understand / nd r st nd/ 理解；明白 - Hard to understand: 难以理解
9 Refrigerator /r fr d re t r/ 冰箱；冷藏库 - Refrigerator door: 冰箱门
10 Donated /d ne t d/ 捐赠的；捐助的 - Donated blood: 捐献的血液
11 Recovery /r k v ri/ 恢复；复苏；回收 - Economic recovery: 经济复苏
12 Blemished / bl m t/ 有瑕疵的；有污点的 - Blemished reputation: 有瑕疵的声誉
13 Volunteers / v l n t rz/ 志愿者；志愿兵 - Volunteer work: 志愿者工作
14 Purchasing / p t s / 购买；采购 - Online purchasing: 网上购物
15 Necessary / n s s ri/ 必要的；必需品 - Necessary precautions: 必要的预防措施
16 Otherwise / r wa z/ 否则；不然 - Choose otherwise: 选择其他方式
17 Rounding / ra nd / 舍入；使圆满 - Rounding up: 向上舍入
18 Ugly / ɡli/ 丑陋的；难看的 - Ugly truth: 不愉快的事实
19 Resources /r s s z/ 资源；财力 - Natural resources: 自然资源
20 Curtin / k t n/ 科廷（姓氏） - Curtin University: 科廷大学
21 Recovery /r k v ri/ 恢复；复苏；回收 - Data recovery: 数据恢复
22 Strawberries / str b riz/ 草莓 - Strawberry fields: 草莓地
23 Obvious / bv s/ 显而易见的；明显的 - Obvious choice: 明显的选择
24 Blemished / bl m t/ 有瑕疵的；有污点的 - Blemished skin: 有瑕疵的皮肤
25 Weekly / wi kli/ 每周的；周刊的 - Weekly meeting: 每周例会
26 Curtin / k t n/ 科廷（姓氏） - Curtin Act: 科廷法案
27 Purchasing / p t s / 购买；采购 - Purchasing power: 购买力
28 Necessary / n s s ri/ 必要的；必需品 - Necessary expenses: 必要开支
29 Otherwise / r wa z/ 否则；不然 - Act otherwise: 采取其他行动
30 Volunteer / v l n t r/ 志愿者；自愿参加者 - Volunteer organization: 志愿组织
【任务三】高级词组搭配
1. Play a part in reducing waste (在减少浪费方面发挥作用) - 这是一个常见的短语，表示参与到减少浪费的活动中来，强调每个人都可以为解决问题贡献一份力量。
2. Recovering food (回收食物) - 这里指的是将被浪费或者过剩的食物进行回收利用，转化成可食用的健康餐食。
3. Otherwise would have rotted in fields (否则本会在田间腐烂) - 这个表达强调了通过回收利用，避免了食物在田间被浪费掉的情况，从而减少了资源浪费和环境污染。
4. Taking donations (接受捐赠) - 这里指的是接受食物等物资的捐赠，用于制作健康餐食或者分发给需要的人群。
5. Large amounts of uneaten dishes (大量未被食用的菜肴) - 这个表达指的是大量的食物被浪费，没有被食用，强调了食物浪费的严重性。
6. Keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator (就像我冰箱后面的芝麻菜一样简单) - 这是一个比喻，表示将问题简化到最基本的程度，以便更容易理解。
7. If food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world (如果食物浪费是一个国家，那它将是世界上第三大的温室气体排放国) - 这个比喻用来强调食物浪费对环境的影响之大。
8. Went bad (变质) - 这是一个常见的口语表达，表示食物因长时间存放或者其他原因而变质，不适合食用。
9. Down the road (将来；未来) - 这个短语表示在将来某个时候，强调了食物的长期利用。
10. Jaw-dropping (令人震惊的) - 这个形容词用来形容某件事令人非常震惊或者惊讶。
【任务四】长难句拆分解析
1. "In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, 'food waste goes against the moral grain,' as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story."
- 拆分解析：这句话由一个主句和一个引述句组成。主句是："food waste goes against the moral grain"，其中"food waste"作为主语，"goes against"是动词短语，意为"违反"；"the moral grain"指的是道德准则，这里指的是浪费食物违反了道德。引述句是："as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story"，这说明了前面的观点是由Elizabeth Royte在本月的封面报道中写的。
- 翻译："在一个每年有将近8亿人挨饿的世界里，正如Elizabeth Royte在本月的封面报道中写道，‘食物浪费违反了道德准则。’"
2. "Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it."
- 拆分解析：这句话是一个复合句，主要由两个部分组成。前半部分是："Producing food that no one eats"，其中"Producing"是动词短语，"food"是名词作宾语，"that no one eats"是定语从句，修饰"food"，意为"没人吃的食物"。后半部分是："wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it"，其中"wastes"是动词，"the water, fuel, and other resources"是宾语，"used to grow it"是介词短语作后置定语，修饰"resources"，意为"用于生长它的水、燃料和其他资源"。
- 翻译："生产没有人吃的食物会浪费用于生长它的水、燃料和其他资源。"
3. "Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think."
- 拆分解析：这句话是一个复合句，由一个主句和一个状语从句组成。主句是："Such methods seem obvious"，其中"Such methods"指的是前文提到的方法，"seem obvious"表示这些方法似乎很明显。状语从句是："yet so often we just don’t think"，其中"yet"是连词，表示转折关系，"so often"是频度副词短语，修饰"don’t think"，意为"经常"，"we just don’t think"是主语和谓语的组合，意为"我们只是不去思考"。
- 翻译："这样的方法似乎很明显，但我们经常就是不去思考。"备战2024年高考英语复习资料基础生宝典
深挖高考英语真题阅读文本素材
写在前面：本系列致力于深挖解析全国高考英语真题里面的阅读文本素材，深挖最基础的知识点与分析文章长难句，保证基础不好分数不高的基础生能够在做真题时候学习基础知识，积累句型搭配以及学会如何分析长难句，夯实基础。
【文本来源：2024年1月浙江省首考英语读后续写】
Eva spent the first week of high school trying to keep her head above water. One of the major headaches for her was finding her way in the huge school building. It was a six-story building. On each floor, hallways stretched in four directions, leading to classrooms, laboratories, and teachers’ offices. Somewhere in the building, there was also a library, a cafeteria, and a gym.
Having a poor sense of direction, Eva found it impossible to get around in such a huge building. All the different hallways and rooms were too much to think about, let alone commit to memory. She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn’t exist.
In her first PE class, Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. She searched the faces of her classmates for signs of panic. There was nothing she feared more than having to run a whole mile. To Eva, “a mile” was used to describe long distances. It was ten miles from her home to her grandfather’s, and that always seemed like a long way, even in a car!
When Coach Pitt blew his whistle (哨子), Eva figured she would be left in the dust. However, while some of her classmates edged ahead, others actually fell behind. ” It’s just the beginning, “she thought.” I’ll come in last for sure. “
Soon Eva began to breathe hard, with her heart pounding and legs shaking. Feeling desperate, Eva started using a mind trick on herself. She stopped thinking about the word” mile. “Instead, she focused on reaching the shadow cast on the track by an oak tree up ahead. Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot where the track curved (拐弯). After that, she tried to see if she could complete her first lap. One lap turned into two, then three, then four.
【重点单词总结学习】
序号 单词 音标 中文释义 拓展
1 headaches h d ke k 困扰或问题 -
2 laboratories l b r t riz 实验室 laboratory equipment (实验室设备); laboratory experiments (实验室实验)
3 commit k m t 记住或承担 commit to memory (记住); commit a crime (犯罪)
4 panic p n k 恐慌 panic attack (恐慌发作); panic button (紧急按钮)
5 jogging d ɑg 慢跑 jogging track (慢跑道); jogging pants (慢跑裤)
6 desperate d sp r t 绝望的 desperate attempt (拼死的尝试); desperate need (迫切需要)
7 mind trick ma nd tr k 心理技巧或策略 mind games (心理游戏); trick of the mind (心理把戏)
8 lap l p 一圈 lap swimming (游泳圈数); lap of honor (荣誉一圈)
9 direction d r k n 方向或导向 give directions (给方向); direction sign (指示牌)
10 cafeteria k f t ri 自助餐厅 cafeteria food (自助餐厅食品); cafeteria-style (自助餐厅式样)
11 whistle w s l 哨子 whistle blow (哨声); whistle-blower (告密者)
12 dust d st 离开某人或某事的距离 dust jacket (封面); dust off (除去尘土)
13 edged ahead d d h d 稍微领先 edge out (挤出); edge closer (逐渐接近)
14 curved k rvd 弯曲或弯折 curved lines (弯曲线); curved surface (曲面)
15 shadow do 阴影 shadow play (皮影戏); shadow government (影子政府)
16 pounding pa nd 心脏跳动的强烈感觉 pounding heart (砰砰直跳的心); pounding headache (剧烈头痛)
17 spot spɑt 特定的位置或地点 spot check (突击检查); spot market (现货市场)
18 commitment k m tm nt 承诺或投入 make a commitment (做出承诺); show commitment (表现出投入)
19 memorize m m ra z 记住或背诵 memorize vocabulary (记住词汇); memorize a speech (背诵演讲)
20 impossible m pɑs bl 难以实现或办不到的 mission impossible (不可能完成的任务); virtually impossible (几乎不可能)
21 pretend pr t nd 假装或伪装 pretend play (假装游戏); pretend to be (假装是)
22 exist ɡ z st 存在或生存 exist independently (独立存在); exist in nature (在自然界中存在)
【深挖搭配句型知识点】
1. Keep one's head above water: 勉力维持生计，艰难度日。Eva花了高中的第一周时间试图勉力维持生活。
2. Have a poor sense of direction: 缺乏方向感。由于缺乏方向感，Eva觉得在如此庞大的建筑中四处走动几乎是不可能的。
3. Commit to memory: 记住，牢记。所有不同的走廊和房间对她来说都太多了，更别说记住了。
4. Left in the dust: 落后，被甩在后面。Eva认为自己肯定会被甩在后面。
5. Come in last: 最后到达。Eva想：“我肯定会最后到达。”
6. Mind trick: 心理技巧。在绝望的情况下，Eva开始对自己使用心理技巧。
7. Jogging: 慢跑。她试图看看自己是否能完成第一圈。
8. Turn into: 变成，转变为。一圈变成了两圈，然后是三圈，再然后是四圈。
9. Keep up with: 跟上，跟得上。Eva费劲地跟上了班上其他同学。
10. Fall behind: 落后。有些同学落后了。
11. Pretend that: 假装，假扮。Eva决定先记住她的课在哪，然后假装其他地方不存在。
12. Search for signs of: 寻找…的迹象。Eva搜索同学们脸上是否有恐慌的迹象。
13. Stretch in four directions: 四处伸展。每个楼层的走廊都四处伸展，通向教室、实验室和教师办公室。
14. Blow one's whistle: 吹哨。当教练Pitt吹哨时，Eva认为自己会被甩在后面。
15. Have a major headache: 非常头痛，非常困扰。Eva在巨大的学校建筑中找路对她来说是一个主要的困扰。
【长难句分析】
1. 复杂长难句1： "Having a poor sense of direction, Eva found it impossible to get around in such a huge building."
- 解析：这是一个复合句，包含一个主句和一个现在分词短语作为原因状语从句。
- 主句：Eva found it impossible to get around in such a huge building.
- 现在分词短语作为原因状语从句：Having a poor sense of direction（因为方向感差）。
- 翻译：由于方向感差，伊娃发现在这样一个巨大的建筑物里四处走动是不可能的。
2. 复杂长难句2： "To Eva, “a mile” was used to describe long distances, and that always seemed like a long way, even in a car!"
- 解析：这是一个复合句，包含一个主句和一个并列的名词性从句作为宾语。
- 主句：To Eva, “a mile” was used to describe long distances, and that always seemed like a long way, even in a car!（对于伊娃来说，“一英里”用来描述长距离，即使在车上，这总是看起来很远！）
- 名词性从句作为宾语：that always seemed like a long way, even in a car（即使在车上，这总是看起来很远）。
- 翻译：对于伊娃来说，“一英里”用来描述长距离，即使在车上，这总是看起来很远！
3. 复杂长难句3： "After that, she tried to see if she could complete her first lap, and one lap turned into two, then three, then four."
- 解析：这是一个复合句，包含一个主句和一个连词短语作为时间状语从句。
- 主句：she tried to see if she could complete her first lap（她试图看看是否能完成她的第一圈）。
- 连词短语作为时间状语从句：After that（在那之后）。
- 翻译：在那之后，她试图看看是否能完成她的第一圈，一圈变成了两圈，然后是三圈，再然后是四圈。

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