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6A Unit6 Keep our city clean 知识点汇总
【语法部分】
“keep”的用法：keep + sth/sb + 形容词 翻译：使···保持···
例：keep our clothes clean保持我们衣服的干净 保持你的房间漂亮
“make”的用法：make + sth/sb + 形容词 翻译：使···变得···
例：Fruit can make us healthy and strong.水果可以使我们健康强壮。
你不能使他难过。 You can't make him sad .
重点句型：What makes sth/sb + 形容词？什么使···变得···？
例：What makes our city dirty？什么使我们的城市变脏了？
什么使街道变乱了？ What makes the streets messy
重点句型：What can + 主语 + do to + keep sth + 形容词？
翻译：为了保持···我们可以做什么？
为了保持学校的干净/我们可以做什么？ What can we do to keep school clean
To keep school clean, what can we do
区分三种“句子开头”：
动词原形开头 → 祈使句 e.g. 安静！宝宝正在睡觉。 Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.
动名词作主语（动词ing开头） e.g. 吃许多糖对牙不好。 Eating many sweets is bad for teeth.
[动名词是名词作为主语，句中存在真正的谓语动词]
To + 动词原形,···→ 表目的 e.g. 为了保持教室干净，我们每天扫地。
To keep the classroom clean, we sweep the floor every day.
e.g. （not smoke）here, there are some babies in the shop.
（smoke）makes our body bad.
（smoke）, my father goes out because my mother is at home.
【大课文部分】
Keep our city clean.保持我们城市的干净。
①keep v.保持 （1）V-ed：kept
使某人/某物保持··· keep sb/sth + 形容词
保持···keep + 形容词 （keep → 系动词 + 形容词）
e.g. 保持安静 keep quiet
②city n.城市 → 复数：cities county n.国家 → 复数：countries
③clean 1）adj.干净的 → 反义词：dirty
v.打扫 打扫我们的教室 clean our classroom 擦黑板 clean the blackboard
Look at these pictures of our city. 看这些我们城市图片。
①look 1）v.看 看···look at···
2）v.看起来 + 形容词
3）n.看 看一看 have a look
②picture n.图片 1）近义词：photo
2）这些···的图片 these pictures of···
③否定句：Don't look at these pictures of our city.
What makes our city dirty 什么使我们的城市脏乱？
①what（未知情况下）默认为三单，make+s
②make v. 1）使某人/某物··· make sb/sth + 形容词 使他们开心 make them happy（动宾）
[拓展]使某人做某事 make sb + do（动原）sth 使他吃苹果 make him eat apples
2）制作 制作一份水果沙拉 make a fruit salad
堆雪人 make a snowman = make snowmen
Smoke (from cars) makes the air dirty. 汽车尾气使空气肮脏。
主语 谓语 → 主语三单，动词三单
Smoke from cars made the air dirty.
①smoke 1）n.烟雾 浓烟 黑烟
汽车尾气
2）v.吸烟 禁止吸烟
②air n.空气 → 不可数名词
Black smoke from factories made the air dirty too. 来自工厂的黑烟使得空气变脏。
①主语： 谓语动词：
②factory n.工厂 1）复数： 2）在工厂工作
③对“Black smoke from factories”提问：
④否定句：
⑤一般疑问句：
Rubbish made the streets messy and dirty. 垃圾使街道又脏又乱。
①rubbish n.垃圾 → 不可数名词
不可数名词复习：（1）液体：coffee/water/tea/juice/oil石油/milk等
（2）抽象名词：time/air等
（3）food/fruit/rubbish/news/paper/rice等
②对“messy and dirty”提问：How did rubbish make the streets messy and dirty
③对“rubbish”提问：What made the streets messy and dirty
The river was dirty. 河是脏的。
①对“dirty”提问：How was the river
②一般疑问句：Was the river dirty
③否定句：The river wasn't dirty.
There was rubbish in the water and the fish were dead. 在水里有垃圾，并且鱼死了。
dead adj.死的 → 原形：die 死鱼
形容词用法：（1） + （2） +
What can we do to keep our city clean 为了保持我们城市的干净我们能做什么？
同义句：To keep our city clean, what can we do
We can take the bus and the metro to school. 我们可以乘公共汽车和地铁去学校。
乘···去某地 ① take a/the + 交通工具 + to sp = go to sp by + 交通工具
乘公共汽车去某地 take a/the bus to sp = go to sp by bus
乘地铁去某地 take a/the metro to sp = go to sp by metro
乘火车去某地 take a/the train to sp = go to sp by train
乘飞机去某地 take a/the plane to sp = go to sp by plane = fly to sp
e.g. 他乘火车去北京。 He takes the train to Beijing.
= He goes to Beijing by train.
②特殊：开车去某地 go to sp by car = drive (a car) to sp
骑自行车去某地 go to sp by bike = ride (a bike) to sp
步行去某地 go to sp on foot = walk to sp
e.g. 学生们经常骑自行车去公园。The students often ride to the park.
= The students often go to the park by bike.
We can walk to school too. 我们也可以步行去学校。
①同义句：We can go to school on foot too.
②否定句：We can't walk to school either.
We can move some factories away from our city. 我们可以把一些工厂搬离我们的城市。
①move v.移动 → V-ed：moved V-ing：moving
把···搬离某地 move sth away from sp
把···搬走 move sth away
e.g. 把这些自行车搬离公园 move these bikes away from the park
把山搬走 move the mountains away
②from prep.来自；从 （1）来自某地 come from sp = be from sp
（2）来自全世界 from all over the world
（3）离···远 far from···
③否定句：We can't move any factories away from out city.
④一般疑问句：Can you move any factories away from our city
We can put rubbish in the bin. 我们可以把垃圾扔进垃圾桶。
put v.放 → V-ed：put V-ing：putting
把A放进B put A into B
把A放在···下 put A under B
把A放在···上 put A on B
穿上 put on → 反义词：脱下 take off
We can plant more trees. 我们可以种更多的树。
①区分：（1）more + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 更多···
（2）many + 可数名词复数 许多···
（3）much + 不可数名词 许多···
②种树 plant trees 种花 grow flowers
They help keep the air clean. 它们有助于保持空气干净。
Your ideas are great. 你们的主意真棒。
idea n.主意 1）一个主意 an idea
2）一个好/坏主意 a good/bad idea
Well done. 干得漂亮。
【语音部分】
只有“一般疑问句”→ 升调 ； 其他都是降调
Do you throw rubbish on the floor 你把垃圾扔在地上？ （throw v.扔 → V-ed：threw）
fly away 飞走 （fly → V-ed：flew） 跑走run away 离开 go away
【小课文部分】
Bobby and Tina are walking home after school. 波比和蒂娜放学后正在步行回家。
①be动词 + 动词ing → 现在进行时
②步行回家 walk home （home/here/there前不加to）
③同义句：Bobby and Tina are going home on foot after school.
④对“walking home”提问：What are Bobby and Tina doing after school
⑤对“after school”提问：When are Bobby and Tina walking home
I like living in the city. 我喜欢住在城市里。
①like v. 喜欢 1）V-ed：lived V-ing：living
2）近义词：love
3）+ 动词ing
4）+ 可数名词复数/不可数名词
5）+ this/that + 可数名词单数
②live v.居住 1）住在某地 live in sp
2）和某人住 live with sb
3）和某人住在某地 live with sb in sp
③对“in the city”提问：Where do you like living
It’s clean and beautiful. 它又干净又漂亮。
Bobby throws a banana skin on the ground. 波比把一个香蕉皮扔在地上。
①throw v.扔 1）V-ed：threw
2）扔某物在地上 throw sth on the ground
②skin n. 1）果皮 → 复数：skins 2）皮肤 → 不可数名词
③一般疑问句：Does Bobby throw a banana skin on the ground
④否定句：Bobby doesn't throw a banana skin on the ground
⑤对“on the ground”提问：Where does Bobby throw a banana skin
Pick it up. 捡起它。 捡起pick up → 代词放中间 pick it/them up
But it is too late. 但是它太迟了。
late adj.＆adv.迟地 做某事迟了 do sth late = be late for sth
e.g. 他上学迟到了。He goes to school late. =He is late for school.
Billy slips on the banana skin and falls. Billy踩到香蕉皮摔倒了。
①slip v.滑倒 → V-ed：slipped V-ing：slipping
②fall v.摔倒 → V-ed：fell
③否定句：Billy doesn't slip on the banana or falls.
Billy goes to hospital. Billy去医院了。
hospital n.医院 1）在医院 in hospital 住院（生病）
in the hospital （未生病）
2）去医院 go to hospital （生病去医院）
go to the hospital （未生病）
To keep the park clean, we can put rubbish in the bin. 为了保持公园的干净，我们可以把垃圾扔进垃圾桶。
同义句：We can put rubbish in the bin to keep the park clean.
should 应该 → 情态动词 + 动词原形 不应该 should not = shouldn't

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