资源简介

2023-2024学年高二英语下学期第三次月考（上海专用）
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分）
Listening Comprehension Section A （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．A．At a restaurant. B．At a bank. C．At a gym. D．At a supermarket.
2．A．She should do more careful work.
B．George does not care about her.
C．She is not concerned about George's remarks.
D．George shouldn't have said much about her.
3．A．The man wants to go to Vancouver. B．The woman wants to go to Toronto.
C．There are no flights to Toronto. D．There are two direct flights to Toronto.
4．A．He hasn’t had a chance to meet Kathy yet.
B．He didn't know that Kathy was being moved.
C．Kathy had already told him the news.
D．His new office will be located in New York.
5．A．This afternoon. B．Next week. C．Next month. D．Tomorrow.
6．A．Jack’s father is a baseball fan. B．It’s winter in New Zealand.
C．The match will be held in England. D．The man wishes he could play baseball.
7．A．A news report. B．A passer - by’s death.
C．A car accident. D．A drunk driver’s harm.
8．A．Their home was broken into lately. B．Their home alarm system is broken.
C．A violent storm is approaching. D．Their home is securely locked.
9．A．Calm. B．Nervous. C．Angry. D．Confused.
10．A．He is just an ordinary man, not a hero. B．He wants the woman to publicize his deeds.
C．He has already finished financial aid for students. D．He wants the woman to keep it a secret.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only one the four possible answers on your paper and decide which o you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage
11．A．Students’ strength. B．Students’ weakness.
C．Teachers’ suggestions. D．Students’ grades.
12．A．Because they cannot boast about their children.
B．Because reports have less information.
C．Because it is a strange way to evaluate performance.
D．Because others don’t consider it to be formal.
13．A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage
14．A．Classmates. B．Colleagues. C．Boss and secretary. D．PR representative and client.
15．A．He felt his assignment was tougher than Sue’s.
B．His clients complained about his service.
C．He thought the boss had treated him unfairly.
D．His boss was always finding fault with his work.
16．A．She is unwilling to undertake them.
B．She complains about her bad luck.
C．She always accepts them cheerfully.
D．She takes them on, though reluctantly.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation
A．The woman’s career development.
B．The woman’s contributions as an editor.
What the woman thinks of being an editor.
D．What has inspired the woman to work for magazines.
18．A．The weekly column she wrote. B．The wishes of her family.
C．The books she read then. D．Her schoolmates and teachers.
19．A．Its owners agreed with her philosophy.
B．It enabled her to realise her own dream.
C．It started to make a profit before she resigned.
D．Its sales volume increased while she was working there.
20．A．She puts her preference before readers’. B．She prints famous people’s photos on its cover.
C．She draws readers’ attention with serious pieces. D．She gives its articles a wonderful opening line.
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Cats are actually surprisingly bad at catching rats
If you are annoyed by rats, think twice about getting a cat. A cat might lead to the appearance of a rat-free home, but it turns out that the rats are still there. They are just keeping a low profile.
“Cats are not the natural enemy of rats,” says Michael Parsons of Fordham University, New York. “They prefer smaller prey.”
His team 21 (study) a rat colony at a recycling plant in New York in the past few years. When cats moved into the plant last year, the researchers were disappointed, but decided to set up cameras 22 (monitor) the area.
Over five months, they saw just three attempts by cats to catch rats, only two of 23 succeeded. Cats have good reasons to be cautious. The common rat has large teeth that can give a painful bite and carry lots of diseases. They also weigh 340 grams on average 24 (compare) with 25 grams for a mouse.
Parsons thinks that only starving cats will attempt to catch rats 25 the rats are sick or injured. The two rats killed during the team’s study 26 have been weakened by eating poisoned food, he says.
However, cats do have a big influence on rat behavior. “Rats overestimate the risk caused by cats,” says Parsons. His team found that when cats are in the area, rats spend much more time in 27 (hide) and move around cautiously. That means they are much less likely to be seen by people, which could explain 28 most people wrongly think cats are good at killing rats.
Some cat owners may 29 (convince) their pets are excellent ratters. But Parsons has found that many people mistake mice 30 rats. That said, it is possible there are a few exceptional cats that do take on healthy, adult rats, he says.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．categorise B．creation C． good D．innovative E. maximum F. packed G. pedestrianise H. processing I. shape J. short-lived K. transformation
All Change in Curitiba!
Like many other major world cities, Curitiba in southern Brazil has had to deal with issues such as pollution, poverty, and limited public funding. However, the architect and three-times mayor of the city, Jaime Lerner, has introduced some 31 solutions.
As part of his ‘Master Plan’, Lerner hoped to make the city more environmentally friendly. He initiated a recycling scheme. In return for delivering recyclable rubbish to specified 32 points, residents receive a bag of vegetables or bus tickets. As a result, Curitiba now has one of the highest recycling rates in the world. Lerner also ordered the 33 of 26 urban parks. As well as preventing pollution, these control flooding.
Lerner did not win over all the city’s residents immediately, however. When his plans to 34 part of the centre were passed, local businesses were up in arms, fearing a reduction in profits. Realising he needed to act quickly, Lerner had the 35 of six blocks completed within three days. When a group of motorists attempted to drive through the new pedestrian area, Lerner arranged for local primary schools to hold a painting
workshop on the streets. The drivers were forced to turn back. Luckily for Lerner, this rebellion was 36 . The increase in profit rapidly persuaded shop owners to change their minds.
Lerner’s determination helped 37 the Curitiba of today. The average income per capita has risen from a level that was below the Brazilian average in the 1970s to 66% above the average, and surveys indicate high levels of resident satisfaction.
So, is it all just one big success story In some respects, Curitiba may have been too successful for its own 38 . People and businesses have come to the city, which now has more than 1.8 million residents. This has put the city under enormous stress. Forty years ago, buses transported 54,000 passengers a day. Now the number is 2.3 million. According to some experts, the transport system has reached its 39 efficiency capacity. Following a rise in complaints about the noisy and 40 buses, the service is in decline.
III. Reading Comprehension (共45分。41-55每题1分; 56-70每题2分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
Recently, Senator Kirsten Gillibrand of New York said that if we want to fix the gridlock (僵局) in Congress, we need more women. Women are more focused on finding common ground and 41 , she argued. Besides, neuroscientists have uncovered evidence suggesting that, when the 42 is on, women bring unique strengths to decision making.
Mara Mather and Nichole R. Lighthall, two cognitive neuroscientists, are two of the many researchers who have found that under normal circumstances, when everything is low-key and 43 , men and women make decisions about risk in similar ways. We gather the best information we can, we 44 potential costs against potential gains, and then we choose how to act. 45 , add stress to the situation and men and women begin to part ways.
Dr. Mather and her team taught people a simple computer gambling game, in which they got points for inflating (给……充气) digital balloons. The more they inflated each balloon, the greater its value, and the 46 of popping it. When they were relaxed, men and women took similar risks and averaged a similar number of pumps. But after experiencing the cold water, the stressed women 47 sooner, cashing out their winnings and going with the more guaranteed win. Stressed men did just the 48 . They kept pumping — in one study averaging about 50 percent more pumps than the women and risking more.
Of course, just because it works this way in a(n) 49 it doesn’t mean the same thing happens in the messy real world. Do organizations with women 50 actually make less risky and more empathetic decisions in stressful circumstances
Some evidence suggests they do. Credit Suisse (瑞士信贷) examined almost 2,400 global corporations from 2005 to 2011 — including the years directly preceding (之前的) and 51 the financial crisis — and found that companies with at least one woman on their boards 52 comparable companies with all-male boards by 26 percent.
53 , what often happens is that women are asked to lead only during periods of intense stress. It’s
called the glass cliff, in which highly qualified women are asked to lead organizations only in times of 54 . Think of Mary T. Barra at General Motors and Marissa Mayer at Yahoo, who were both brought in only after things had begun to fall apart. If more women were key decision makers, perhaps organizations could respond effectively to small stresses, 55 letting them escalate into huge ones. There’s a good reason that we’d benefit from more women in positions of power.
41．A．socializing B．memorizing C．cooperating D．deciding
42．A．presentation B．pressure C．administration D．measure
43．A．understandable B．acceptable C．manageable D．remarkable
44．A．fight B．weigh C．race D．protest
45．A．Furthermore B．Therefore C．Likewise D．However
46．A．sound B．result C．sight D．risk
47．A．pumped B．escaped C．stopped D．learned
48．A．same B．opposite C．great D．latter
49．A．computer B．lab C．team D．analysis
50．A．in charge B．under control C．in demand D．under pressure
51．A．preventing B．following C．deepening D．affecting
52．A．outweighed B．outdated C．outperformed D．outsourced
53．A．Preciously B．Surprisingly C．Unfortunately D．Arguably
54．A．crisis B．prime C．development D．mistake
55．A．according to B．along with C．apart from D．rather than
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
“I’ve had my heart broken more badly by friends, than I have by lovers,” says a friend. “Yet people dismiss the end of a friendship so easily, as if it doesn’t matter as much and isn’t as painful as the break-up of a relationship.”
It was her use of the word “heartbroken” that hit me so hard. Two of the most harmful phrases in the English language are “I am so disappointed in you” and “You broke my heart”. Both, in their own way, are unbearable, emotional daggers (匕首) that are not easily removed.
Friends are the foundation that support our lives, the comfort of long continuity, shared emotional confidences, a shoulder to weep on, a hand to hold, a safe and peaceful place during the breakdown of a relationship or marriage. When those friendships end, our hearts are broken. We will lose all those assurances that we too often take for granted.
And too often, we are even not allowed to mourn (哀悼) it. We all believe friendships fade like the mist as we
go our separate ways. We might feel a lingering affection, or a faint sense of loss, but they leave no empty spaces in our lives. I once talked to a woman who mourns the loss of her friends. Years later, the space they had left was still harmful in its loneliness. “But when I try to talk about it, people think I’m being ridiculous. You can always make more friends.”
It is not true and, at heart, we all know it. Friendships require history, layer upon layer of intimacy (亲密) and memory. We might not see friends for months, or even years, but the moment we are back in contact it’s as if time stood still.
I lost a good friend recently. I know, it sounds so careless, but it was, truly, nobody’s fault; simply a set of emotional circumstances that meant we both had to step away. It seemed so sensible, and still does, but what I hadn’t expected was the fierceness of the pain. The phone still rings with calls from other friends but within it there is a weird and unsettling silence because she is not there. My heart is broken, even if I wouldn’t have thought of phrasing it in so dramatic, or perhaps bitter, a way. I know the pain will fade eventually. We might, even, at some time in the future be friends again, but not in the same way. Something has been broken and however skillful the mending, the cracks will still be faintly visible. It is a sharp reminder of how much we should cherish our friendships because it is all too easy to take them for granted and forget how much it means to us when they are lost.
56．According to the author, people will feel heartbroken when friendships end because .
A．people dismiss the end of a friendship too easily
B．“heartbroken” is one of the most harmful words
C．friendships are the basis of a relationship or marriage
D．friends’ supports thought to be always there are lost
57．People believe that ______, but the author doesn’t think so.
A．it is normal for a friendship to end without scars left
B．friendship usually leaves behind a faint sense of loss
C．we needn’t mourn the lingering affection from lost friends
D．long-term friendships can be harmful in its loneliness
58．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．The woman wanted to talk about her loss of friends.
B．People thought the woman was being ridiculous.
C．That people can always make more friends is not true.
D．Friendships require history, intimacy and memory.
59．The author talks about her loss of a friendship recently in order to .
A．show how heartbreaking the end of a friendship is
B．appeal to people to cherish their friendships
C．demonstrate the skillful mending of friendships
D．illustrate that friends lost are friends lost forever
(B)
Here are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping.
Need inspiration
Scott Monument This remarkable Gothic building was built in memory of the life and work of Sir Walter Scott. Climb the 287 steps to the top and you’ll be rewarded with some pretty special views.
History lovers Edinburgh Castle looks over the city skyline from Castle Rock. You can take a tour (human or audio) or just wander through it with a map. Listen out for the One o’clock Gun—it fires every day except Sunday. At one o’clock. Obviously.
Time your trains With cheap train tickets to Edinburgh to coincide
Feeling hungry
A satisfying dinner: With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, plus home-grown fresh fruits and edible flowers, Timberyard has favourable reviews.
A light lunch: Thomson’s Bar claims to serve “the best steak pie in Edinburgh”, to match with real beer (it’s in the Good Beer Guide) and enough whiskies(威士忌酒) to take up a whole page on the drinks menu.
Shopping centre
Princes Street: You’ll find all your favourites on Edinburgh’s main shopping drag, Princes Street. There’s M&S, Gap and Waterstones and also a bit of a retail landmark in the shape of Jenners department store.
Harvey Nichols: A byword(代名词) for luxury, Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashion pack. Gucci, Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try to separate you from your cash.
Hidden Edinburgh
Edinburgh’s deepest secret (literally) is a network of underground streets, which you can tour with a guide. Try “The Real Mary King’s Close” to uncover some of the myths and mysteries as to how the street, once open to the skies, found itself underground.
Need trains to Edinburgh We’ll get you sorted...
60．While shopping in Edinburgh, we may find that ________.
A．Princes Street is the place where celebrities go shopping
B．Edinburgh’s main shopping drag is extremely expensive
C．many high-end brands can be found in Harvey Nichols
D．one cannot pay in cash when shopping in Harvey Nichols
61．The underlined word “edible” is closest in meaning to ________.
A．beautiful B．eatable C．visible D．delicate
62．This page is most likely to be found at ________.
A．http: //www./en-hk/destinations/edinburgh/flights-to-edinburgh
B．https: //www./en/tour-scotland/one-day-tours-scotland-from-edinburgh
C．https: //www./our-destinations/edinburgh-overview
D．http: //www.edinburghcastle.gov.uk/discover/about-the-castle
(C )
Chinese Teapot Escaping from British Museum Goes Viral
Chinese state media has praised a viral video series telling the story of a jade teapot coming to life and fleeing the British Museum to make its way back home.
The set of three short videos, entitled Escape from the British Museum, shows the teapot turning into a young woman in a green dress, who then engages a London-based Chinese journalist to help her reunite with her family. It appears to have struck a chord (弦) in China after first being released by independent vloggers on Douyin. By Monday evening, it had reportedly received more than 310 million views. The plot line taps into growing Chinese criticism of the British Museum after reports last month that more than 1,500 priceless objects, including gold jewelry, semi-precious stones and glass, were missing, stolen or damaged.
In August the state media Global Times called for the return of Chinese artifacts from the museum “free of charge” in the wake of the controversy. “The huge holes in the management and security of cultural objects in the British Museum exposed by this scandal (丑闻) have led to the collapse of a long-standing and widely circulated claim that ‘foreign cultural objects are better protected in the British Museum’,” it said. It strongly supported the video series for touching on a “powerful message” about the importance of cultural heritage and reflecting “Chinese people’s desiring for the repatriation of the Chinese cultural relics.”
State broadcaster CCTV also gave the short films a glowing review saying: “We are very pleased to see Chinese young people are passionate about history and tradition... We are also looking forward to the early return of Chinese artifacts that have been displayed overseas.”
The museum scandal made headlines around the world and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media to restore the country’s relics. The new three-part show has triggered a wave of nationalism among viewers, with many praising the creative plot that reduced them to tears by showing how the teapot experienced the happiness of returning to China to see pandas and watch a flag-raising ceremony on Tiananmen Square.
63．What excuse does Britain give for keeping other nations’ cultural objects in its museum
A．It has taken possession of these objects by all lawful means.
B．These objects are safer and taken better care of in its museum.
C．It is requested by other nations to protect their cultural objects.
D．These objects may come to life, flee their countries and go viral.
64．What does the underlined word “repatriation”(Para.3) probably mean
A．Repair. B．Reflection. C．Reserve. D．Return.
65．Which of the following can we infer from the passage
A．China had already demanded the restoration of its cultural relics before the scandal.
B．The museum’s awful management and security systems are involved in the scandal.
C．The Britain Museum is under pressure to return the cultural relics to China sooner or later.
D．A London-based Chinese journalist has contributed a lot to the viral three-part video series.
66．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To appeal to Britain to return China’s cultural objects.
B．To introduce a viral video series about a fleeing jade teapot.
C．To arouse readers’ concern about Chinese cultural objects abroad.
D．To praise Chinese young people’s passion for history and tradition.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A．Mr Sigaty was also the first to admit there was lots of work to be done to ensure the sport continued to grow. B．The popularity of e-sports is surprising. C．Organized competitive gaming has become a billion-dollar industry. D．Even the US government grants professional athlete visas to top e-sports players. E．E-sports doesn’t fit neatly into any of the existing definitions of a sport. F．With the launch of video streaming services, e-sports became the mainstream.
E-sports: the world’s biggest performance you’ve never heard of
Whoever said you’re wasting your life away playing video games obviously had no idea how big e-sports were going to get.
E-sports has become huge business over the past five years, with professional video gaming tournaments offering more prize money than some of sport’s biggest events. 67 The League of Legends championship last year was watched by more than 27 million people when broadcast on ESPN, eclipsing the audiences for last year’s baseball World Series (23.5 million viewers) and NBA Finals (18 million). With big popularity and big money involved these days, more and more people across the world are considering professional gaming as a genuine career.
While some gamers have been making a living off their skills since the late 1990s, it wasn’t until 2010’s Star-craft II that things really changed. One of the first games built with e-sports squarely as its focus, Star-craft Ii became a true spectator sport. 68 “We knew we were building an e-sport and the competitive nature combined with streaming coming into its own really helped catch viewership in Europe and North America.” the game’s executive producer Chris Sigaty told an Australian news agency.
69 In Australia, the biggest challenge is basic facilities. Countries like South Korea and the USA have high-speed broadband that allows competitors to play and practice without the limitations of Australia’s
relatively slow connection speeds. As more money is brought into the sport, it’s hoped traditional media companies and sponsors will invest money to help bring world class facilities to Australia’s shores.
But even if that does happen - will e-sports be able to truly claim it is a “sport”
Fans argue that e-sports have all the excitement, skill and competition of a basketball game. On top of that, e-sports have teams, star players, sponsors and millions of dedicated fans across the world. 70 But e-sports cannot escape the argument that it lacks the athletic aspects of other professional sports.
IV.Summary Writing (10分)
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Obstacles to the correct decision
Life is full of choices, some inconsequential, some really significant. But sometimes it can be hard to make the correct one. What are the obstacles that stand between us and a good outcome
Some of us just find it hard to decide. Alice Boyes, writing for Harvard Business Review, tells us this can be connected to perfectionism, where people attempt to find a perfect solution to any problem and are unable to move forward when they can’t find one. It might seem that being indecisive would stop us making the right decision, but in fact it could actually help us make the correct ones.
Susan Krauss in Psychology Today reminds us that people often make bad decisions because they base them on preconceptions rather than the context in which things happen. She highlights a paper by researcher Iris Schneider which finds that indecisive people are more likely to look at different perspectives and use them to come to a better decision. So, it could be that a more significant barrier to making the best choice is our cognitive biases.
David Robson tells us that intelligence can sometimes stop people making the right decision. People sometimes use intelligence to invent justifications for irrational beliefs. He believes that humility is key to making a good decision. People who can accept that they might be wrong are more likely to consider different viewpoints. He is backed up on this by Jeff Bezos. Tech CEO Jason Fried recalls the Amazon founder saying how the people who were right a lot of the time were the people who often changed their minds.
So, maybe rather than indecision, it might be intelligence and decisiveness, backed up by our biases that actually stop us making good choices while humility and indecisiveness could help us pick the best option.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72．我们最好提前制定好家庭逃生计划，学习疏散路线并准备好应急包，以防灾难突然袭来。 (strike)
____________________________________________________________________________________________73．这位杰出的科学家致力于向当地居民宣传生物多样性的重要性。（devote， inform）
____________________________________________________________________________________________74．看到那些人以牺牲生命为代价解救受困群众，我突然明白中华民族为什么会长盛不衰。(It)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
75．时近傍晚，附近村民纷纷施以援手，加快正在进行的救援。(reach)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
随着电脑普及率的提高，老师、家长和学生对于写的重视程度降低了。下图是一项调查显示中学生不想练字的理由。请说明该现象并发表自己的看法。2023-2024学年高二英语下学期第三次月考（上海专用）
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分）
Listening Comprehension Section A （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．A．At a restaurant. B．At a bank. C．At a gym. D．At a supermarket.
【答案】B
【原文】M: Excuse me, can you give me the balance on my account
W: Sure. Tell me your account number.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place
2．A．She should do more careful work.
B．George does not care about her.
C．She is not concerned about George's remarks.
D．George shouldn't have said much about her.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Have you heard what George has been saying about your work
W: Yes, I have. But to be honest, I couldn’t care less.
Q: What does the woman mean
3．A．The man wants to go to Vancouver. B．The woman wants to go to Toronto.
C．There are no flights to Toronto. D．There are two direct flights to Toronto.
【答案】B
【详解】W: Excuse me, would you please tell me when the next flight to Toronto is
M: Sure. The next direct flight to Toronto is two hours from now, but if you don’t mind transferring in Vancouver, you can board now.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation
4．A．He hasn’t had a chance to meet Kathy yet. B．He didn't know that Kathy was being moved.
C．Kathy had already told him the news. D．His new office will be located in New York.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Did you hear They are moving Kathy to the New York office
M: They are That’s news to me.
Q: What does the man mean
5．A．This afternoon. B．Next week. C．Next month. D．Tomorrow.
【答案】B
【原文】M: Will Mrs. Johnson be here tomorrow for the meeting
W: Probably not. She called this afternoon to put off the meeting a few days. She is busy this whole week.
Q: When will the meeting probably be held
6．A．Jack’s father is a baseball fan. B．It’s winter in New Zealand.
C．The match will be held in England. D．The man wishes he could play baseball.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Jack said his father’s flying all the way to New Zealand to watch the next baseball match against England.
M: Wow. That’s just so cool. Wish I could do that.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation
7．A．A news report. B．A passer - by’s death.
C．A car accident. D．A drunk driver’s harm.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Do you remember the car accident happening last month when we passed by
W: Yes, it’s reported that two people were killed and three were injured.
Q: What are the two speakers talking about
8．A．Their home was broken into lately. B．Their home alarm system is broken.
C．A violent storm is approaching. D．Their home is securely locked.
【答案】D
【原文】W: Make sure you lock the front and back doors securely tonight.
M: I already did. I locked the windows too. If someone tries to enter, the alarm will go off.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation
9．A．Calm. B．Nervous. C．Angry. D．Confused.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Hey, Lisa, calm down. What’s going on
W: I have just finished a presentation with Gary. First, he was late. Second, he left the file in his dorm. He really drove me crazy.
Q: How does Lisa feel
10．A．He is just an ordinary man, not a hero. B．He wants the woman to publicize his deeds.
C．He has already finished financial aid for students. D．He wants the woman to keep it a secret.
【答案】D
【原文】W: What an unsung hero you are. You never told me that you have been financially assisting the students for years.
M: Let the matter rest. It’s just between you and me.
Question: What does the man mean
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only one the four possible answers on your paper and decide which o you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage
11．A．Students’ strength. B．Students’ weakness.
C．Teachers’ suggestions. D．Students’ grades.
12．A．Because they cannot boast about their children.
B．Because reports have less information.
C．Because it is a strange way to evaluate performance.
D．Because others don’t consider it to be formal.
13．A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent.
【答案】11．D 12．A 13．B
【原文】At most American colleges, teachers give students grades that evaluate their performance in class. The grades range from A to F—with A the highest and F signaling failure. But some colleges do not use grades. Instead, teachers write reports on what the students did well and what they did not do well. The reports also include suggestions on how students can do better. Students and teachers say the written reports provide much more information than letter grades on how students are doing. But some students admit that their parents complain they cannot brag to family and friends that their child is an “A student”. Jessica Wewers, 21, is an early education major at Alverno College in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Alverno is a small Catholic college serving female students. Wewers said when she returns to her home in Illinois, some friends tell her they think it is strange she does not receive letter grades. But Wewers likes the detailed information her teachers provide. It has already helped her prepare teaching plans simple enough for young children to understand. “I was asking a little too much of younger children,“ Wewers said. Her classmate, Angelina Nuno, transferred from a large state college, where she struggled with her writing. Detailed suggestions from her Alverno teachers helped her write clearly. Soon, Nuno expects to begin tutoring fellow students to help with their writing problems.
Q: 11. What is not included in the written reports
12. Why do some parents complain about the written reports
13. What is the students' attitude towards the written reports
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage
14．A．Classmates. B．Colleagues. C．Boss and secretary. D．PR representative and client.
15．A．He felt his assignment was tougher than Sue’s.
B．His clients complained about his service.
C．He thought the boss had treated him unfairly.
D．His boss was always finding fault with his work.
16．A．She is unwilling to undertake them.
B．She complains about her bad luck.
C．She always accepts them cheerfully.
D．She takes them on, though reluctantly.
【答案】14．B 15．C 16．C
【原文】Both John and Sue joined the staff of a successful public relations firm in New York during the same year. They had just completed their PR degrees at a nearby university and were thrilled to be hired by one of the finest PR firms in the city. John’s first assignment was to create a promotion campaign for a client who was putting a new game on the market. Initially Sue was assigned to work with a sportswear company on a marketing concept for its newest line of clothing. As time passed and work with their respective first clients became more and more difficult, John and Sue realized that they had been assigned two of the toughest clients in town. Although John completed his assignments quickly and successfully, he was very angry when he learned that the boss had deliberately assigned him a difficult client. In response he not only complained to his colleagues but also to the boss’s secretary. Sue, on the other hand, had a more difficult time satisfying her first client and she took several additional months to actually complete the assignment. However, she just laughed when she heard that the boss had made the assignment purposely. Over the next two years, John worked reluctantly with each assignment and problem that he encountered. Sue accepted each assignment cheerfully. And when problems arose, she responded with her characteristic “No problem, I can handle it.” Although Sue took longer to complete her projects than John and both were equally successful on the assignments they completed, Sue was given the first promotion when there came a vacancy.
Questions:
14. What’s the relationship between John and Sue now
15. Why was John angry after he finished his first assignment
16. What’s Sue’s attitude toward difficult tasks
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation
17．A．The woman’s career development.
B．The woman’s contributions as an editor.
C．What the woman thinks of being an editor.
D．What has inspired the woman to work for magazines.
18．A．The weekly column she wrote. B．The wishes of her family.
C．The books she read then. D．Her schoolmates and teachers.
19．A．Its owners agreed with her philosophy.
B．It enabled her to realise her own dream.
C．It started to make a profit before she resigned.
D．Its sales volume increased while she was working there.
20．A．She puts her preference before readers’. B．She prints famous people’s photos on its cover.
C．She draws readers’ attention with serious pieces. D．She gives its articles a wonderful opening line.
【答案】17．A 18．C 19．D 20．D
【原文】M: Tina White, some people describe you as the best magazine editor in the world. Can you tell us how you started your amazing career
W: Well, when I was twenty, still at college, I was asked to write a weekly column for a local paper. The paper had wanted me to write about famous people. Instead, what I did was to concentrate on people who the general public didn’t know, but who had something original to say.
M: At that early stage, your family was important. How far did they influence your career choice
W: My father was a film producer, and my childhood was spent around international actors and directors, so with such influences, I should have become an actress. But I chose to be a journalist in spite of the wishes of my family. I think the biggest influence was my school, not so much the people but the materials it gave me access to … the hours and hours spent in the library.
M: From being a journalist, you then went on to become an editor. I understand the first magazine you edited, Female Focus, wasn’t much of a success
W: Well, I was the editor for a year, and then I resigned, mainly because of disagreements with the owners. They were reluctant to change things, because they had faith it would eventually make a profit. When I took over, it was selling around six hundred and fifty thousand copies. That soon increased to eight hundred thousand, so it was certainly an improvement.
M: And now you are editing Woman’s World, and you’ve made it the best-selling women’s magazine ever. How do you make people want to read it
W: For some of my competitors, the most important point is what you put on the cover of your magazine. But they forget faithful readers look beyond that. The real challenge is, how do you encourage a reader to read a serious piece How are we going to make it an article that people want to read You have to get their attention. And nothing does that better than a very lively, even shocking opening line.
Questions
17. What are the two speakers mainly talking about
18. According to the woman, which of the following influenced her most while she was at college
19. What did the woman say about the first magazine she edited
20. According to the woman, what does she do to make people want to read her magazine
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Cats are actually surprisingly bad at catching rats
If you are annoyed by rats, think twice about getting a cat. A cat might lead to the appearance of a rat-free home, but it turns out that the rats are still there. They are just keeping a low profile.
“Cats are not the natural enemy of rats,” says Michael Parsons of Fordham University, New York. “They
prefer smaller prey.”
His team 21 (study) a rat colony at a recycling plant in New York in the past few years. When cats moved into the plant last year, the researchers were disappointed, but decided to set up cameras 22 (monitor) the area.
Over five months, they saw just three attempts by cats to catch rats, only two of 23 succeeded. Cats have good reasons to be cautious. The common rat has large teeth that can give a painful bite and carry lots of diseases. They also weigh 340 grams on average 24 (compare) with 25 grams for a mouse.
Parsons thinks that only starving cats will attempt to catch rats 25 the rats are sick or injured. The two rats killed during the team’s study 26 have been weakened by eating poisoned food, he says.
However, cats do have a big influence on rat behavior. “Rats overestimate the risk caused by cats,” says Parsons. His team found that when cats are in the area, rats spend much more time in 27 (hide) and move around cautiously. That means they are much less likely to be seen by people, which could explain 28 most people wrongly think cats are good at killing rats.
Some cat owners may 29 (convince) their pets are excellent ratters. But Parsons has found that many people mistake mice 30 rats. That said, it is possible there are a few exceptional cats that do take on healthy, adult rats, he says.
【答案】21．has been studying 22．to monitor 23．which 24．compared 25．unless 26．may 27．hiding 28．why 29．be convinced 30．for
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明猫实际上非常不擅长抓老鼠
21．考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，他的团队一直在研究纽约一家回收厂的老鼠群。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in the past few years”和语境可知，本句时态为现在完成进行时，强调动作的持续性；主语为“his team”，单数，和动词“study”之间为主动关系。故填has been studying。
22．考查非谓语动词。句意：去年，当猫进入工厂时，研究人员感到失望，但决定安装摄像头来监控该地区。非谓语动词担当目的状语，表示“为了……”，用动词不定式形式。故填to monitor。
23．考查定语从句。句意：在五个月的时间里，他们只看到三只猫试图抓老鼠，其中只有两只成功了。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“three attempts”，在定语从句中担当介词of后的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。
24．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们的平均体重为340克，而老鼠的平均体重为25克。非谓语动词担当状语，主语“they”和动词“compare”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填compared。
25．考查状语从句。句意：Parsons认为，只有饥饿的猫才会试图抓老鼠，除非老鼠生病或受伤。这里为状语从句的引导词，意为“除非”，用引导词“unless”。故填unless。
26．考查情态动词。句意：他说，在研究过程中被杀死的两只老鼠可能因为吃了有毒的食物而变得虚弱。结合句意和空后have been weakened可知，此处表应填情态动词may表示对过去情况不太确定的推测。故填may。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的团队发现，当猫在这个区域时，老鼠会花更多的时间躲藏起来，并且小心翼翼地四处走动。非谓语动词担当介词后的宾语，用动名词形式。故填hiding。
28．考查宾语从句。句意：这意味着它们不太可能被人看到，这可以解释为什么大多数人错误地认为猫擅长杀老鼠。这里为宾语从句的引导词，宾语从句中缺少原因状语，表示“为什么”用引导词why。故填why。
29．考查固定句型。句意：一些猫的主人可能相信他们的宠物是优秀的老鼠。这里为谓语动词，出现在情态动词之后，用动词原形；be convinced (that)...“相信……”是固定句型。故填be convinced。
30．考查固定短语。句意：但是Parsons发现很多人把老鼠误认为大鼠。固定短语：mistake…for…，意为“将……错认为……”，符合句意。故填for。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．categorise B．creation C． good D．innovative E. maximum F. packed G. pedestrianise H. processing I. shape J. short-lived K. transformation
All Change in Curitiba!
Like many other major world cities, Curitiba in southern Brazil has had to deal with issues such as pollution, poverty, and limited public funding. However, the architect and three-times mayor of the city, Jaime Lerner, has introduced some 31 solutions.
As part of his ‘Master Plan’, Lerner hoped to make the city more environmentally friendly. He initiated a recycling scheme. In return for delivering recyclable rubbish to specified 32 points, residents receive a bag of vegetables or bus tickets. As a result, Curitiba now has one of the highest recycling rates in the world. Lerner also ordered the 33 of 26 urban parks. As well as preventing pollution, these control flooding.
Lerner did not win over all the city’s residents immediately, however. When his plans to 34 part of the centre were passed, local businesses were up in arms, fearing a reduction in profits. Realising he needed to act quickly, Lerner had the 35 of six blocks completed within three days. When a group of motorists attempted to drive through the new pedestrian area, Lerner arranged for local primary schools to hold a painting workshop on the streets. The drivers were forced to turn back. Luckily for Lerner, this rebellion was 36 . The increase in profit rapidly persuaded shop owners to change their minds.
Lerner’s determination helped 37 the Curitiba of today. The average income per capita has risen from a level that was below the Brazilian average in the 1970s to 66% above the average, and surveys indicate high levels of resident satisfaction.
So, is it all just one big success story In some respects, Curitiba may have been too successful for its own 38 . People and businesses have come to the city, which now has more than 1.8 million residents. This has put the city under enormous stress. Forty years ago, buses transported 54,000 passengers a day. Now the number is 2.3 million. According to some experts, the transport system has reached its 39 efficiency capacity. Following a rise in complaints about the noisy and 40 buses, the service is in decline.
【答案】31．D 32．A 33．H 34．G 35．K 36．J 37．I 38．C 39．E 40．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发生在库里提巴的改变。
31．考查形容词。句意：然而，建筑师兼三届市长Jaime Lerner提出了一些创新的解决方案。前文提到库里提巴在污染、贫穷等方面遇到的问题，后文提到的是市长Lerner做出的创新性的解决办法。空处需使用形容词作定语修饰名词solutions。innovative（创新的）符合文意，故选D。
32．考查动词。句意：居民将可回收垃圾送到指定的分类点，作为回报，他们会得到一袋蔬菜或一张公交车票。前文提到“He initiated a recycling scheme”（他发起了一项回收计划。）Lerner发起环保回收计划，因此需要将垃圾放到指定分类点，对垃圾进行分类，然后就会获得蔬菜或公交车票。A项categorise（分类）符合文意。故选A。
33．考查名词。句意：勒纳还下令对26个城市公园进行处理。除了防止污染，它们还能控制洪水。后文提到“As well as preventing pollution, these control flooding.”（除了防止污染，它们还能控制洪水。）公园的作用不止于此，说明市长Lerner对公园进行了改造加工。H项processing（加工）符合文意。故选H。
34．考查动词。句意：当他将市中心部分地区步行街化的计划获得通过时，当地企业非常反对，担心利润会减少。后文提到“When a group of motorists attempted to drive through the new pedestrian area, Lerner arranged for local primary schools to hold a painting workshop on the streets.”（当一群驾车者试图开车穿过新的步行区时，勒纳安排当地小学在街道上举办绘画讲习班。），说明Lerner想要将市中心区域改造成步行区域。G项pedestrianise（使（某一地区）无车辆行驶，使成为步行区）符合文意。故选G。
35．考查名词。句意：勒纳意识到他需要迅速采取行动，他在三天内完成了六个街区的改造。前文提到Lerner要将市中心区域改造为步行街，此处表示他在三天内改造了六个区域。K项transformation（改造）符合文意。故选K。
36．考查形容词。句意：幸运的是，叛乱是短暂的。后文提到“The increase in profit rapidly persuaded shop owners to change their minds.”（利润的增加很快使店主们改变了主意。）前文提到店家以为利润会下降而不配合这次改造，但利润的上升让他们改变了主意，说明此次对抗是短暂的。J项short-lived（短暂的）符合文意。故选J。
37．考查动词。句意：勒纳的决心塑造了今天的库里提巴。后文提到“The average income per capita has risen from a level that was below the Brazilian average in the 1970s to 66% above the average, and surveys indicate high levels of resident satisfaction.”（人均收入从20世纪70年代低于巴西平均水平的水平上升到高于平均水平66%的水平，调查显示居民满意度很高。）由此判断，Lerner对库里提巴的改造使得人均收入提高，并且居民满意度也上涨，说明他的对库里提巴的改造是成功的。I项shape（塑造；形成）符合文意。故选I。
38．考查名词。句意：在某些方面，库里蒂巴可能过于成功了。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语for one's own good，意为“为了自己的利益”。C项good（好）符合文意。故选C。
39．考查形容词。句意：据一些专家称，运输系统已经达到了最高效率。前文提到“Forty years ago, buses transported 54,000 passengers a day. Now the number is 2.3 million. ”（40年前，公共汽车每天运送54000名乘客。现在这个数字是230万。）由此判断，对于现在的库里提巴来讲，已达到了其最大的运输量。E项maximum（最大限度的）符合文意。故选E。
40．考查形容词。随着对公共汽车噪音和拥挤的投诉增多，服务质量正在下降。前文提到公交乘客人数增长过多，可能会导致拥挤的情况。F项packed（拥挤的）符合文意。故选F。
III. Reading Comprehension (共45分。41-55每题1分; 56-70每题2分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
Recently, Senator Kirsten Gillibrand of New York said that if we want to fix the gridlock (僵局) in Congress, we need more women. Women are more focused on finding common ground and 41 , she argued. Besides, neuroscientists have uncovered evidence suggesting that, when the 42 is on, women bring unique strengths to decision making.
Mara Mather and Nichole R. Lighthall, two cognitive neuroscientists, are two of the many researchers who have found that under normal circumstances, when everything is low-key and 43 , men and women make decisions about risk in similar ways. We gather the best information we can, we 44 potential costs against potential gains, and then we choose how to act. 45 , add stress to the situation and men and women begin to part ways.
Dr. Mather and her team taught people a simple computer gambling game, in which they got points for inflating (给……充气) digital balloons. The more they inflated each balloon, the greater its value, and the 46 of popping it. When they were relaxed, men and women took similar risks and averaged a similar number of pumps. But after experiencing the cold water, the stressed women 47 sooner, cashing out their winnings and going with the more guaranteed win. Stressed men did just the 48 . They kept pumping — in one study averaging about 50 percent more pumps than the women and risking more.
Of course, just because it works this way in a(n) 49 it doesn’t mean the same thing happens in the messy real world. Do organizations with women 50 actually make less risky and more empathetic decisions in stressful circumstances
Some evidence suggests they do. Credit Suisse (瑞士信贷) examined almost 2,400 global corporations from 2005 to 2011 — including the years directly preceding (之前的) and 51 the financial crisis — and found that companies with at least one woman on their boards 52 comparable companies with all-male boards by 26 percent.
53 , what often happens is that women are asked to lead only during periods of intense stress. It’s called the glass cliff, in which highly qualified women are asked to lead organizations only in times of 54 . Think of Mary T. Barra at General Motors and Marissa Mayer at Yahoo, who were both brought in only after things had begun to fall apart. If more women were key decision makers, perhaps organizations could respond effectively to small stresses, 55 letting them escalate into huge ones. There’s a good reason that we’d benefit from more women in positions of power.
41．A．socializing B．memorizing C．cooperating D．deciding
42．A．presentation B．pressure C．administration D．measure
43．A．understandable B．acceptable C．manageable D．remarkable
44．A．fight B．weigh C．race D．protest
45．A．Furthermore B．Therefore C．Likewise D．However
46．A．sound B．result C．sight D．risk
47．A．pumped B．escaped C．stopped D．learned
48．A．same B．opposite C．great D．latter
49．A．computer B．lab C．team D．analysis
50．A．in charge B．under control C．in demand D．under pressure
51．A．preventing B．following C．deepening D．affecting
52．A．outweighed B．outdated C．outperformed D．outsourced
53．A．Preciously B．Surprisingly C．Unfortunately D．Arguably
54．A．crisis B．prime C．development D．mistake
55．A．according to B．along with C．apart from D．rather than
【答案】41．C 42．B 43．C 44．B 45．D 46．D 47．C 48．B 49．B 50．A 51．B 52．C 53．C 54．A 55．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为让女性参与决策和掌权可以更好地解决僵局，让我们受益，一方面，认知神经科学方面的研究显示女性在压力之下所做的决策比男性的风险更小，另一方面，调查显示由女性掌管的公司在压力环境下表现得更好。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她认为，女性更注重寻找共同点和合作。A. socializing社交；B. memorizing记忆；C. cooperating合作；D. deciding决定。根据上文“finding common ground”可推知，与寻找共同点相并列的应该是合作。故选C。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，神经科学家发现的证据表明，当有压力时，女性在决策方面具有独特的优势。A. presentation演示；B. pressure压力；C. administration管理；D. measure措施。根据下文“the stressed women”“Stressed men”“in stressful circumstances”可知，文章主要讨论的是在有压力的情况下，男性和女性之间在决策方面的差异，因此此处指有压力时，pressure与下文的stressed和stressful呼应。故选B。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两位认知神经科学家Mara Mather和Nichole R. Lighthall在内的许多研究人员发现，在一切都强度很低、可管理的正常情况下，男性和女性对风险的决策方式相似。A. understandable可理解的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. manageable可管理的；D. remarkable卓越的。根据上文“under normal circumstances”和“everything is low-key”可推知，与正常情况下的强度很低相并列的应该是可管理的，这意味事情处于可控的状态。故选C。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们尽可能收集最好的信息，权衡潜在的成本和潜在的收益，然后选择如何行动。A. fight斗争；B. weigh权衡；C. race比赛；D. protest抗议。根据下文“potential costs against potential gains”可推知，此处指权衡潜在的成本和潜在的收益，weigh A against B为固定短语，意为“权衡……和……，在……和……之间做权衡”。故选B。
45．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在这种情况下增加压力，男人和女人开始分道扬镳。A. Furthermore
此外；B. Therefore因此；C. Likewise同样地；D. However然而。根据上文“under normal circumstances, when everything is low-key and ___3___, men and women make decisions about risk in similar ways”和下文“add stress to the situation and men and women begin to part ways”可知，正常情况下男性和女性对风险的决策方式相似，增加压力的情况下两性的方式有差异，因此这里有转折，应用However“然而”。故选D。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们给每个气球充气越多，它的分值就越大，破裂的风险也就越大。A. sound声音；B. result结果；C. sight视觉；D. risk风险。根据上文“The more they inflated each balloon”和常识可推知，气球内的气体越多，破裂的风险就越大。故选D。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在经历了冷水之后，有压力的女性很快就停下了，把奖金兑现，选择更有保障的奖金。A. pumped注入气体；B. escaped逃脱；C. stopped停止；D. learned学习。根据下文“cashing out their winnings and going with the more guaranteed win”可知，此时女性去兑现奖金，选择更有保障的奖金，因此是停止给电子气球充气。故选C。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：压力大的男性则恰恰相反。A. same相同的；B. opposite相反的；C. great伟大的；D. latter后者的。根据下文“They kept pumping”可知，男性选择继续注入气体，因此是和女性的选择相反。故选B。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，仅仅因为它在实验室中是这样进行的，并不意味着在混乱的现实世界中也会发生同样的事情。A. computer计算机；B. lab实验室；C. team团队；D. analysis分析。根据上文“Dr. Mather and her team taught people a simple computer gambling game, in which they got points for inflating (给……充气) digital balloons.”可知，此处指上文研究人员在实验室内进行的实验得出的结论。故选B。
50．考查固定短语辨析。句意：在压力环境下，由女性掌管的组织真的会做出风险更小、更具同理心的决定吗？A. in charge在掌管之下；B. under control处于控制之下；C. in demand有需求；D. under pressure处于压力之下。根据下文“companies with at least one woman on their boards”可推知，此处指组织由女性掌管负责。故选A。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：瑞士信贷调查了2005年至2011年间（包括金融危机之前和之后的几年）近2400家全球公司，发现董事会中至少有一名女性的公司比董事会全为男性的公司表现要好26%。A. preventing预防；B. following排在……之后；C. deepening加深；D. affecting影响。根据上文“the years directly preceding”和下文“the financial crisis”可推知，和在金融危机之前的几年相对应的是在金融危机之后的几年。故选B。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：瑞士信贷调查了2005年至2011年间（包括金融危机之前和之后的几年）近2400家全球公司，发现董事会中至少有一名女性的公司比董事会全为男性的公司表现要好26%。A. outweighed（在重要性或意义上）超过；B. outdated使过时；C. outperformed做得比……好；D. outsourced把……外包。根据上文“Some evidence suggests they do.”可知，有证据表明由女性掌管的组织真的会在压力环境下做出更好的决定，因此此处指这样的公司表现得更好。故选C。
53．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，经常发生的情况是，女性只在压力很大的时候才被要求进行领导。A. Preciously珍贵地；B. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. Unfortunately不幸地；D. Arguably可论证地。根
据下文“what often happens is that women are asked to lead only during periods of intense stress”可知，让女性去领导仅发生在压力很大的时候，那时候事态已经很严峻，比较难以挽回，因此用不幸去概括这样的情况。故选C。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这被称为玻璃悬崖，高素质的女性只在危机时刻被要求领导组织。A. crisis危机；B. prime鼎盛时期；C. development发展；D. mistake错误。根据上文“only during periods of intense stress”和下文“only after things had begun to fall apart”可知，让女性去领导仅发生在压力很大之时、事情开始分崩离析之后，因此此处指危机时刻。故选A。
55．考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果更多的女性成为关键的决策者，也许组织可以有效地应对小的压力，而不是让它们升级为巨大的压力。A. according to根据；B. along with除……以外（还）；C. apart from除……之外；D. rather than而不是。根据上文“could respond effectively to small stresses”和下文“letting them escalate into huge ones”可知，后者是前者的反面情况，因此应用rather than“而不是”，表示有效地应对小的压力，而不是让小的压力升级为巨大的压力。故选D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
“I’ve had my heart broken more badly by friends, than I have by lovers,” says a friend. “Yet people dismiss the end of a friendship so easily, as if it doesn’t matter as much and isn’t as painful as the break-up of a relationship.”
It was her use of the word “heartbroken” that hit me so hard. Two of the most harmful phrases in the English language are “I am so disappointed in you” and “You broke my heart”. Both, in their own way, are unbearable, emotional daggers (匕首) that are not easily removed.
Friends are the foundation that support our lives, the comfort of long continuity, shared emotional confidences, a shoulder to weep on, a hand to hold, a safe and peaceful place during the breakdown of a relationship or marriage. When those friendships end, our hearts are broken. We will lose all those assurances that we too often take for granted.
And too often, we are even not allowed to mourn (哀悼) it. We all believe friendships fade like the mist as we go our separate ways. We might feel a lingering affection, or a faint sense of loss, but they leave no empty spaces in our lives. I once talked to a woman who mourns the loss of her friends. Years later, the space they had left was still harmful in its loneliness. “But when I try to talk about it, people think I’m being ridiculous. You can always make more friends.”
It is not true and, at heart, we all know it. Friendships require history, layer upon layer of intimacy (亲密) and memory. We might not see friends for months, or even years, but the moment we are back in contact it’s as if time stood still.
I lost a good friend recently. I know, it sounds so careless, but it was, truly, nobody’s fault; simply a set of
emotional circumstances that meant we both had to step away. It seemed so sensible, and still does, but what I hadn’t expected was the fierceness of the pain. The phone still rings with calls from other friends but within it there is a weird and unsettling silence because she is not there. My heart is broken, even if I wouldn’t have thought of phrasing it in so dramatic, or perhaps bitter, a way. I know the pain will fade eventually. We might, even, at some time in the future be friends again, but not in the same way. Something has been broken and however skillful the mending, the cracks will still be faintly visible. It is a sharp reminder of how much we should cherish our friendships because it is all too easy to take them for granted and forget how much it means to us when they are lost.
56．According to the author, people will feel heartbroken when friendships end because .
A．people dismiss the end of a friendship too easily
B．“heartbroken” is one of the most harmful words
C．friendships are the basis of a relationship or marriage
D．friends’ supports thought to be always there are lost
57．People believe that ______, but the author doesn’t think so.
A．it is normal for a friendship to end without scars left
B．friendship usually leaves behind a faint sense of loss
C．we needn’t mourn the lingering affection from lost friends
D．long-term friendships can be harmful in its loneliness
58．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．The woman wanted to talk about her loss of friends.
B．People thought the woman was being ridiculous.
C．That people can always make more friends is not true.
D．Friendships require history, intimacy and memory.
59．The author talks about her loss of a friendship recently in order to .
A．show how heartbreaking the end of a friendship is
B．appeal to people to cherish their friendships
C．demonstrate the skillful mending of friendships
D．illustrate that friends lost are friends lost forever
【答案】56．D 57．A 58．C 59．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文，人们都认为友谊结束时不会留下痛苦，总能交到更多朋友，但作者不这样认为，友谊需要时间、一层又一层的亲密和记忆，因此失去友谊时令人心碎，最后作者呼吁人们珍惜自己的友谊。
56．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When those friendships end, our hearts are broken. We will lose all those assurances that we too often take for granted.(当这些友谊结束时，我们的心都碎了。我们将失去所有那些我们常常认为理所当然的保证)”可知，友谊结束时人们会感到心碎，是因为朋友之间曾经被认为是理所当然的相互支持消失了，故选D。
57．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yet people dismiss the end of a friendship so easily, as if it doesn’t matter as much and isn’t as painful as the break-up of a relationship.(然而，人们总是轻易地忽略一段友谊的结束，好像这并不像一段关系的破裂那么重要，也没有那么痛苦)”可知，人们认为友谊结束时不会留下痛苦，这是正常的，但是作者不这么认为，故选A。
58．词句猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“You can always make more friends.(你总能交到更多的朋友)”和划线词所在句“It is not true and, at heart, we all know it.(这不是真的，我们对此都心知肚明)”可知，主语“It”指代“你总能交到更多的朋友”，作者认为这不是真的，故it指代“人们总能交到更多的朋友，这不是真的”，故选C。
59．推理判断题。最后一段中“It seemed so sensible, and still does, but what I hadn’t expected was the fierceness of the pain.(这似乎是很明智的，现在仍然如此，但我没有预料到的是疼痛的剧烈)”和“My heart is broken(我的心都碎了)”作者提到了自己最近失去一个好朋友后很痛苦，结合“It is a sharp reminder of how much we should cherish our friendships because it is all too easy to take them for granted and forget how much it means to us when they are lost.(这是一个尖锐的提醒，我们应该珍惜我们的友谊，因为我们太容易把他们视为理所当然，忘记了当他们失去的时候，他们对我们意味着什么)”可知，正因为失去朋友很痛苦，所以我们要珍惜友谊，由此可知作者提及自己失去朋友的经历是为了呼吁人们珍惜友谊，故选B。
(B)
Here are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping.
Need inspiration
Scott Monument This remarkable Gothic building was built in memory of the life and work of Sir Walter Scott. Climb the 287 steps to the top and you’ll be rewarded with some pretty special views.
History lovers Edinburgh Castle looks over the city skyline from Castle Rock. You can take a tour (human or audio) or just wander through it with a map. Listen out for the One o’clock Gun—it fires every day except Sunday. At one o’clock. Obviously.
Time your trains With cheap train tickets to Edinburgh to coincide
Feeling hungry
A satisfying dinner: With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, plus home-grown fresh fruits and edible flowers, Timberyard has favourable reviews.
A light lunch: Thomson’s Bar claims to serve “the best steak pie in Edinburgh”, to match with real beer (it’s in the Good Beer Guide) and enough whiskies(威士忌酒) to take up a whole page on the drinks menu.
Shopping centre
Princes Street: You’ll find all your favourites on Edinburgh’s main shopping drag, Princes Street. There’s
M&S, Gap and Waterstones and also a bit of a retail landmark in the shape of Jenners department store.
Harvey Nichols: A byword(代名词) for luxury, Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashion pack. Gucci, Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try to separate you from your cash.
Hidden Edinburgh
Edinburgh’s deepest secret (literally) is a network of underground streets, which you can tour with a guide. Try “The Real Mary King’s Close” to uncover some of the myths and mysteries as to how the street, once open to the skies, found itself underground.
Need trains to Edinburgh We’ll get you sorted...
60．While shopping in Edinburgh, we may find that ________.
A．Princes Street is the place where celebrities go shopping
B．Edinburgh’s main shopping drag is extremely expensive
C．many high-end brands can be found in Harvey Nichols
D．one cannot pay in cash when shopping in Harvey Nichols
61．The underlined word “edible” is closest in meaning to ________.
A．beautiful B．eatable C．visible D．delicate
62．This page is most likely to be found at ________.
A．http: //www./en-hk/destinations/edinburgh/flights-to-edinburgh
B．https: //www./en/tour-scotland/one-day-tours-scotland-from-edinburgh
C．https: //www./our-destinations/edinburgh-overview
D．http: //www.edinburghcastle.gov.uk/discover/about-the-castle
【答案】60．C 61．B 62．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了在爱丁堡人们最喜欢吃饭、观光和购物的地方。
60．推理判断题。根据“Shopping centre”下面的“Harvey Nichols: A byword(代名词) for luxury, Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashion pack. Gucci, Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try to separate you from your cash.(哈维·尼科尔斯：一个奢华的代名词，哈维·尼克斯深受时尚界人士的喜爱。古奇、维多利亚·贝克汉姆和马克·雅可布会试图将你与现金分开。)”可推测出，在哈维·尼科尔斯可以找到许多高端的品牌。故选C。
61．词义猜测题。根据“A satisfying dinner”和画线词前的“With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, home-grown fresh fruits”可知，这里说的是餐饮的食材来自当地的种植者，其中有自家种植的新鲜水果，由此可推测出，这里说的是可以食用的鲜花。edible意为“可食用的”，与eatable意思接近。故选B。
62．推理判断题。根据文章开头图片中的“Edinburgh—the fourth most beautiful city in the world(爱丁堡——世界上第四美丽的城市)”以及第一段“Here are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping.(这里有一些我们最喜欢的用餐、观光和购物地点。)”和下文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是在爱丁堡人们最喜欢吃饭、观光和购物的地方的概述，C选项中的edinburgh-overview意为“爱丁堡概述”，由此可推知，这一页有可能在https: //www./our-destinations/edinburgh-overview网址中找到。故选C。
(C )
Chinese Teapot Escaping from British Museum Goes Viral
Chinese state media has praised a viral video series telling the story of a jade teapot coming to life and fleeing the British Museum to make its way back home.
The set of three short videos, entitled Escape from the British Museum, shows the teapot turning into a young woman in a green dress, who then engages a London-based Chinese journalist to help her reunite with her family. It appears to have struck a chord (弦) in China after first being released by independent vloggers on Douyin. By Monday evening, it had reportedly received more than 310 million views. The plot line taps into growing Chinese criticism of the British Museum after reports last month that more than 1,500 priceless objects, including gold jewelry, semi-precious stones and glass, were missing, stolen or damaged.
In August the state media Global Times called for the return of Chinese artifacts from the museum “free of charge” in the wake of the controversy. “The huge holes in the management and security of cultural objects in the British Museum exposed by this scandal (丑闻) have led to the collapse of a long-standing and widely circulated claim that ‘foreign cultural objects are better protected in the British Museum’,” it said. It strongly supported the video series for touching on a “powerful message” about the importance of cultural heritage and reflecting “Chinese people’s desiring for the repatriation of the Chinese cultural relics.”
State broadcaster CCTV also gave the short films a glowing review saying: “We are very pleased to see Chinese young people are passionate about history and tradition... We are also looking forward to the early return of Chinese artifacts that have been displayed overseas.”
The museum scandal made headlines around the world and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media to restore the country’s relics. The new three-part show has triggered a wave of nationalism among viewers, with many praising the creative plot that reduced them to tears by showing how the teapot experienced the happiness of returning to China to see pandas and watch a flag-raising ceremony on Tiananmen Square.
63．What excuse does Britain give for keeping other nations’ cultural objects in its museum
A．It has taken possession of these objects by all lawful means.
B．These objects are safer and taken better care of in its museum.
C．It is requested by other nations to protect their cultural objects.
D．These objects may come to life, flee their countries and go viral.
64．What does the underlined word “repatriation”(Para.3) probably mean
A．Repair. B．Reflection. C．Reserve. D．Return.
65．Which of the following can we infer from the passage
A．China had already demanded the restoration of its cultural relics before the scandal.
B．The museum’s awful management and security systems are involved in the scandal.
C．The Britain Museum is under pressure to return the cultural relics to China sooner or later.
D．A London-based Chinese journalist has contributed a lot to the viral three-part video series.
66．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To appeal to Britain to return China’s cultural objects.
B．To introduce a viral video series about a fleeing jade teapot.
C．To arouse readers’ concern about Chinese cultural objects abroad.
D．To praise Chinese young people’s passion for history and tradition.
【答案】63．B 64．D 65．A 66．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。
63．细节理解题。根据第三段““The huge holes in the management and security of cultural objects in the British Museum exposed by this scandal(丑闻) have led to the collapse of a long-standing and widely circulated claim that ‘foreign cultural objects are better protected in the British Museum’,” it said.(“这次丑闻暴露出大英博物馆在文物管理和安全方面的巨大漏洞，导致了长期以来广泛流传的‘外国文物在大英博物馆得到更好的保护’的说法的崩溃，”它说)”可推知，英国把其他国家的文物存放在自己的博物馆里的理由是：它声称这些文物在它的博物馆里更安全，能得到了更好的照顾。故选B。
64．词句猜测题。根据常识和划线词所在句“Chinese people’s yearning for the repatriation of the Chinese cultural relics.(中国人民渴望中国文物的repatriation。)”中“Chinese people’s yearning for”可推知，中国人民渴望着这些珍贵文物的“回归”。划线词repatriation与return同义。故选D。
65．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The museum scandal made headlines around the world and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media to restore the country’s relics. (博物馆的丑闻成为世界各地的头条新闻，并重新唤起了中国媒体早些时候要求归还中国文物的呼声)”可知，这一次大英博物馆文物丢失和损坏的丑闻重新唤起中国媒体要求归还中国文物的呼声。由此推知，在此之前中国已经要求大英博物馆。故选A。
66．推理判断题。通读全文，结合文章标题“Chinese Teapot Escaping from British Museum Goes Viral (“从大英博物馆逃跑的中国茶壶”在社交媒体上走红)”和文中内容可知，本文主要介绍了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。所以“介绍一个关于‘逃跑的玉壶’的视频系列”是文章的写作目的。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A．Mr Sigaty was also the first to admit there was lots of work to be done to ensure the sport continued to grow. B．The popularity of e-sports is surprising. C．Organized competitive gaming has become a billion-dollar industry. D．Even the US government grants professional athlete visas to top e-sports players. E．E-sports doesn’t fit neatly into any of the existing definitions of a sport. F．With the launch of video streaming services, e-sports became the mainstream.
E-sports: the world’s biggest performance you’ve never heard of
Whoever said you’re wasting your life away playing video games obviously had no idea how big e-sports were going to get.
E-sports has become huge business over the past five years, with professional video gaming tournaments offering more prize money than some of sport’s biggest events. 67 The League of Legends championship last year was watched by more than 27 million people when broadcast on ESPN, eclipsing the audiences for last year’s baseball World Series (23.5 million viewers) and NBA Finals (18 million). With big popularity and big money involved these days, more and more people across the world are considering professional gaming as a genuine career.
While some gamers have been making a living off their skills since the late 1990s, it wasn’t until 2010’s Star-craft II that things really changed. One of the first games built with e-sports squarely as its focus, Star-craft Ii became a true spectator sport. 68 “We knew we were building an e-sport and the competitive nature combined with streaming coming into its own really helped catch viewership in Europe and North America.” the game’s executive producer Chris Sigaty told an Australian news agency.
69 In Australia, the biggest challenge is basic facilities. Countries like South Korea and the USA have high-speed broadband that allows competitors to play and practice without the limitations of Australia’s relatively slow connection speeds. As more money is brought into the sport, it’s hoped traditional media companies and sponsors will invest money to help bring world class facilities to Australia’s shores.
But even if that does happen - will e-sports be able to truly claim it is a “sport”
Fans argue that e-sports have all the excitement, skill and competition of a basketball game. On top of that, e-sports have teams, star players, sponsors and millions of dedicated fans across the world. 70 But e-sports cannot escape the argument that it lacks the athletic aspects of other professional sports.
【答案】67．B 68．F 69．A 70．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍电子竞技比赛。
67．根据下文“The League of Legends championship last year was watched by more than 27 million people when broadcast on ESPN, eclipsing the audiences for last year’s baseball World Series (23.5 million viewers) and NBA Finals (18 million). With big popularity and big money involved these days, more and more people across the world are considering professional gaming as a genuine career. (去年的英雄联盟锦标赛在ESPN播出时有2700多万人观看，超过了去年棒球世界大赛（2350万观众）和NBA总决赛（1800万观众）的观众人数。如今，随着知名度和巨额资金的投入，世界各地越来越多的人将职业游戏视为一种真正的职业。)”可知，电子竞技是非常受欢迎的比赛项目。选项B“电子竞技的受欢迎程度令人惊讶。”和下文意思一致。故选B。
68．根据下文““We knew we were building an e-sport and the competitive nature combined with streaming coming into its own really helped catch viewership in Europe and North America.” the game’s executive producer Chris Sigaty told an Australian news agency. (该游戏的执行制片人Chris Sigaty告诉澳大利亚一家新闻机构：“我们知道我们正在建设一个电子竞技，竞争的性质加上流媒体的发展，确实有助于吸引欧洲和北美的观众。”)”可知，电子竞技和流媒体的共同发展。选项F“随着视频流媒体服务的推出，电子竞技成为主流。”和下文意思一致。故选F。
69．根据下文“In Australia, the biggest challenge is basic facilities. Countries like South Korea and the USA have high-speed broadband that allows competitors to play and practice without the limitations of Australia’s relatively slow connection speeds. As more money is brought into the sport, it’s hoped traditional media companies and sponsors will invest money to help bring world class facilities to Australia’s shores. (在澳大利亚，最大的挑战是基础设施。韩国和美国等国家拥有高速宽带，竞争对手可以在不受澳大利亚相对较慢的连接速度限制的情况下进行比赛和练习。随着更多的资金被引入这项运动，人们希望传统媒体公司和赞助商能够投资，帮助将世界级的设施带到澳大利亚海岸。)”可知，这一段主要介绍电子竞技被列为了运动项目。选项A“Sigaty先生也是第一个承认要确保这项运动继续发展，还有很多工作要做的人。”和下文意思一致。故选A。
70．根据上文“Fans argue that e-sports have all the excitement, skill and competition of a basketball game. On top of that, e-sports have teams, star players, sponsors and millions of dedicated fans across the world. (球迷们认为，电子竞技具有篮球比赛的所有刺激性、技巧和竞争性。除此之外，电子竞技在世界各地拥有团队、明星选手、赞助商和数百万忠实粉丝。)”可知，这一段介绍电子竞技的特征和受欢迎情况。选项D“甚至美国政府也向顶级电子竞技选手发放职业运动员签证。”和上文意思一致。故选D。
IV.Summary Writing (10分)
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Obstacles to the correct decision
Life is full of choices, some inconsequential, some really significant. But sometimes it can be hard to make the correct one. What are the obstacles that stand between us and a good outcome
Some of us just find it hard to decide. Alice Boyes, writing for Harvard Business Review, tells us this can be connected to perfectionism, where people attempt to find a perfect solution to any problem and are unable to move forward when they can’t find one. It might seem that being indecisive would stop us making the right decision, but in fact it could actually help us make the correct ones.
Susan Krauss in Psychology Today reminds us that people often make bad decisions because they base them on preconceptions rather than the context in which things happen. She highlights a paper by researcher Iris Schneider which finds that indecisive people are more likely to look at different perspectives and use them to come to a better decision. So, it could be that a more significant barrier to making the best choice is our cognitive biases.
David Robson tells us that intelligence can sometimes stop people making the right decision. People sometimes use intelligence to invent justifications for irrational beliefs. He believes that humility is key to making a good decision. People who can accept that they might be wrong are more likely to consider different viewpoints. He is backed up on this by Jeff Bezos. Tech CEO Jason Fried recalls the Amazon founder saying how the people who were right a lot of the time were the people who often changed their minds.
So, maybe rather than indecision, it might be intelligence and decisiveness, backed up by our biases that actually stop us making good choices while humility and indecisiveness could help us pick the best option.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】There are obstacles in decision- making. Some perfectionists are indecisive but in fact their indecisiveness can aid in sound decision-making. Without cognitive biases, indecisive people tend to consider different perspectives. Also, intelligent people like rationalizing unreasonable beliefs instead of admitting their errors. Therefore, the real obstacle to better decision-making is intelligence and decisiveness, rather than indecision.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，决策过程中存在障碍。有些完美主义者优柔寡断，但事实上，他们的优柔寡断有助于做出正确的决策。没有认知偏差，优柔寡断的人倾向于考虑不同的观点。此外，聪明的人喜欢把不合理的信念合理化，而不是承认自己的错误。因此，做出更好决策的真正障碍是智慧和果断，而不是优柔寡断。
【详解】1 要点摘录①Some of us just find it hard to decide.
②It might seem that being indecisive would stop us making the right decision, but in fact it could actually help us make the correct ones.
③She highlights a paper by researcher Iris Schneider which finds that indecisive people are more likely to look at different perspectives and use them to come to a better decision. So, it could be that a more significant barrier to making the best choice is our cognitive biases.
④David Robson tells us that intelligence can sometimes stop people making the right decision.
⑤People sometimes use intelligence to invent justifications for irrational beliefs.
⑥So, maybe rather than indecision, it might be intelligence and decisiveness, backed up by our biases that actually stop us making good choices while humility and indecisiveness could help us pick the best option.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、6几个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
There are obstacles in decision- making.
Some perfectionists are indecisive but in fact their indecisiveness can aid in sound decision-making. Without cognitive biases, indecisive people tend to consider different perspectives.
Also, intelligent people like rationalizing unreasonable beliefs instead of admitting their errors.
Therefore, the real obstacle to better decision-making is intelligence and decisiveness, rather than indecision.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：There are obstacles in decision- making. (这句话运用了there be句型)
[高分句型2]：Also, intelligent people like rationalizing unreasonable beliefs instead of admitting their errors. (这句话运用了动名词作宾语)
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72．我们最好提前制定好家庭逃生计划，学习疏散路线并准备好应急包，以防灾难突然袭来。 (strike)
____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】We’d better formulate a household escape plan ahead of time, learn the evacuation route, and prepare an emergency pack in case disaster suddenly strikes.
【详解】考查固定搭配和状语从句。分析所给中文句子，“我们”作主语，“最好”为固定搭配：had better，“制
定”作谓语，译为“formulate”，“家庭逃生计划”作宾语，译为“a household escape plan”，“提前”作状语，译为“ahead of time”，“学习”和“准备”作并列谓语，译为“learn”和“prepare”，“疏散路线”和“应急包”作并列宾语，译为“the evacuation route”和“an emergency pack”，“以防灾难突然袭来”为in case引导的状语从句，“灾难”为主语，译为“disaster”，“袭来”作谓语，根据题干要求用strike，描述客观状态，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故译为：We’d better formulate a household escape plan ahead of time, learn the evacuation route, and prepare an emergency pack in case disaster suddenly strikes.
73．这位杰出的科学家致力于向当地居民宣传生物多样性的重要性。（devote， inform）
____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】The distinguished scientist devoted himself/was devoted to informing the local residents of the significance/importance of biodiversity.
【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。“这位杰出的科学家”是the distinguished scientist，“致力于做某事”是固定短语devote oneself to doing sth.或be devoted to doing，scientist认定为男性，oneself用成himself，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，scientist是单数，因此be动词用was，“向……宣传……”是inform sb. of sth.，“当地居民”是the local resident，不止一个，要用复数，“生物多样性”是biodiversity，“……的重要性”是the significance/importance of，因此整句话翻译为“The distinguished scientist devoted himself/was devoted to informing the local residents of the significance/importance of biodiversity”。故答案为The distinguished scientist devoted himself/was devoted to informing the local residents of the significance/importance of biodiversity.
74．看到那些人以牺牲生命为代价解救受困群众，我突然明白中华民族为什么会长盛不衰。(It)
____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 It occurs to me why the Chinese nation has endured, when I see those who sacrificed their lives to save the trapped people.
【详解】考查时态和固定句型。分析句意可知，本句时态用一般现在时来陈述一般事实。表示“我突然明白”可用固定句式it occurs to me+从句，it为形式主语；表示“中华民族为什么会长盛不衰”可用why来引导主语从句，表示“中华民族”可用名词短语Chinese nation，表示“长盛不衰”可用动词endure，且用现在完成时表示动作的持续；表示“看到那些人以牺牲生命为代价解救受困群众”可用when引导的时间状语从句，see用一般现在时，表示“那些人”可用those who来构成定语从句，表示“牺牲”可用动词sacrifice，用一般过去时，表示“生命”可用life，表示“拯救受困群众”可用短语save the trapped people。故答案为It occurs to me why the Chinese nation has endured, when I see those who sacrificed their lives to save the trapped people.
75．时近傍晚，附近村民纷纷施以援手，加快正在进行的救援。(reach)
____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】As the evening approached, nearby villagers began to reach out to speed up the ongoing rescue.
【详解】考查as引导时间状语从句。“时近傍晚”可用as引导时间状语从句，表达为as the evening approached；“附近的村民”表达为nearby villagers；“施以援手”根据所给词可知，表达为reach out；“加速”表达为speed up；“正在进行的救援”表达为the ongoing rescue。根据句意可知，“附近村民纷纷施以援手，加快正在进行的救援”可用动词不定式to do作目的状语，表达为 nearby villagers began to reach out to speed up the ongoing
rescue，此处陈述过去发生的事情，故引用一般过去时，故翻译为：As the evening approached, nearby villagers began to reach out to speed up the ongoing rescue.
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
随着电脑普及率的提高，老师、家长和学生对于写的重视程度降低了。下图是一项调查显示中学生不想练字的理由。请说明该现象并发表自己的看法。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 Nowadays, with the growing popularity of computers, teachers, students and their parents are paying less and less attention to handwriting. According to a recent survey, about 85.8 percent of middle school students think that their handwriting is poor. Yet for various reasons, many students don’t want to improve their handwriting. 51.5 percent of the students think that they can just use a computer, so there is no need to waste time improving their handwriting, and 32.2 percent believe that they are so busy with the study that they do not have time to practice. 10.9 percent think that practicing handwriting is useless. As the saying goes, writing style shows the man. Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. Therefore, in my opinion, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in the future.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表类作文。要求考生结合图表中统计数据，对中学生不想练字这种现象发表自己的看法。
【详解】词汇积累
调查：survey→research
各种各样的：various→ all kinds of
提高：improve →enhance
认为：think→ consider
句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Yet for various reasons, many students don’t want to improve their handwriting.
拓展句：The reason why many students don’t want to improve their handwriting is varied.
【点睛】【高分句型1】10.9 percent think that practicing handwriting is useless.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】As the saying goes, writing style shows the man. (运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句)

展开更多......

收起↑