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湖丽衢二模D篇深度阅读 2024.4.20 晚读 学生版
D
①Babies as young as 4 months old who are born into a bilingual(双语的) environment show distinct and potentially advantageous brain patterns for speech processing. （主旨句） Our
early-life experiences can have lifelong effects on our behavior. The brain is most sensitive to its
environment during the first year of life, which is thought to be a critical period for language
development.（此一句为主旨句解释）
主旨句中体现的关系：（建议同学们用这种，更直观！）
_____________________________ → __________________________________________________.
②Previous studies have looked into the brain mechanisms that underlie (构成…的基础) speech
processing in babies who hear just one language. To better understand this in bilingual-exposed infants,Borja Blanco at the University of Cambridge and his colleagues compared how 31 babies who only heard Spanish and 26 babies who heard Spanish and Basque, all aged 4 months, responded to
Spanish recordings of The Little Prince by Antoine De Saint-Exupery. ( 实验的方式：By )
请翻译以下段落长难句
③The team used an imaging technique called functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to
measure change in brain activities.//__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
In the Spanish-only babies, the recordings caused activation in areas which play a role in speech
processing.________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________In the bilingual-exposed babies, the recordings similarly evoked these responses, but they were larger and wider. These infants also had activation in equivalent areas of their brains’ right hemispheres(脑半球).___________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________//
When the recordings were then played backwards as a control arm of the experiment, the infants
exposed to just Spanish had larger responses to the backwards speech, while those to Spanish and
Basque had similar brain patterns as before. __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
This （指的是_____________________________________________________________）may be because the bilingual infants take longer to register their primary language, in this case Spanish, as hearing both this（指西班牙语） and Basque reduces their overall exposure to either language._____________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
此段中生疏的表述有：a control arm 指做实验中的对照组 backwards 倒放(录音)
register 注意到，记住(register在纸上就是"登记，注册"，register在脑海里就是"意识到，记住"。)
④If this is the case, it （指_____________________）could help them be sensitive to linguistic
differences and enable them to learn to distinguish between languages at a younger age.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。The researchers note that a bilingual environment stimulates changes in the brain mechanisms
underlying speech processing in young infants, adding weight to the idea that the neural basis of learning two or more languages is established very early in life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Why was the study conducted
分析：---研究肯定是为了证明结论，即主旨句中体现的关系：
a bilingual(双语的) environment → distinct and advantageous brain patterns for speech processing.
A. To reveal the impact of bilingual exposure. B. To confirm the pattern of brain mechanism.
C. To conclude the factors for speech processing.
D. To explore the potentials for language development.
比较选项中的关键部分，A选项中bilingual exposure与主旨关系中的bilingual environment 同等，可选！
33. What is paragraph 3 mainly about C
A. Theory basis. B. Study methods. C. Research findings. D. Technical assistance.
34. What can we learn from the research
分析：四个选项的主语均倾向于主旨关系中的bilingual environment, 关键点在表述的后半段，即标粗部分，其中A后半部分与语言无关，与主旨关系中的 distinct and advantageous brain patterns for speech processing没有任何关系，故而可以排除；选项C与D是偏向否定的表述（reduce...competence ;
reduce overall exposure, 原文中是reduces their overall exposure to either language) 故而可以排除。
A. Bilingual-exposed babies are more sensitive.
B. Bilingual-exposed babies are more linguistically critical.
C. Bilingual-exposure reduces babies’ linguistic competence.
D. Bilingual-exposure reduces babies' overall language exposure.
35. Which of the following statements might the researchers agree with
A. Immigrants speak better languages. B. Mixed race families own more linguistic potential.
C. Exchange students show greater learning capability.
D. Overseas workers have higher language proficiency.
分析：能够在很小的时候给宝宝提供双语环境的mixed race families, 选择B.
小结：
科学发现类文章一定要抓住主旨，即发现了什么。可以在表述中抽离出一种关系，把关键词提炼出来，将复杂的文章读简单。
一定要研读题干，明确命题老师想要的是什么信息，比如之前的金丽衢二模中，C篇
How does the author develop the text
A. By making comparisons B. By giving statistics
By quoting researchers’ views D. By sharing his own experiences
此题干等同于How does the author prove his point 即作者是如何证明他的论点的？
答案： D
①Babies as young as 4 months old who are born into a bilingual(双语的) environment show distinct and potentially advantageous brain patterns for speech processing. （主旨句） Our
early-life experiences can have lifelong effects on our behavior. The brain is most sensitive to its
environment during the first year of life, which is thought to be a critical period for language
development.（此一句为主旨句解释）
主旨句中体现的关系：（建议同学们用这种，更直观！）
a bilingual(双语的) environment → distinct and advantageous brain patterns for speech processing.
②Previous studies have looked into the brain mechanisms that underlie (构成…的基础) speech
processing in babies who hear just one language. To better understand this in bilingual-exposed infants,Borja Blanco at the University of Cambridge and his colleagues compared how 31 babies who only heard Spanish and 26 babies who heard Spanish and Basque, all aged 4 months, responded to
Spanish recordings of The Little Prince by Antoine De Saint-Exupery. ( 实验的方式：By comparing)
③The team used an imaging technique called functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to
measure change in brain activities.//
这个团队用了一种名为功能性近红外光谱技术的成像技术来测量大脑的运动。
In the Spanish-only babies, the recordings caused activation in areas which play a role in speech
processing.对于在只说西班牙语的家庭成长的宝宝，录音会激活他们大脑中和语言处理相关的区域。In the bilingual-exposed babies, the recordings similarly evoked these responses, but they were larger and
wider. These infants also had activation in equivalent areas of their brains’ right hemispheres(脑半球).在双语环境中成长的宝宝，录音会激活他们同样的大脑区域，但是激活的范围会更宽泛。同时，他们大脑右半球的相同区域也会有所反应。//
When the recordings were then played backwards as a control arm of the experiment, the infants
exposed to just Spanish had larger responses to the backwards speech, while those to Spanish and
Basque had similar brain patterns as before.
当录音倒放作为对照实验时， 在单语环境下成长的宝宝会有比较大的反应，而双语环境下成长的宝宝则与之前的反应相差无几。
This （指对照组的实验结果：即单语宝宝对倒放反应大，而双语宝宝反应相差无几）may be because the bilingual infants take longer to register their primary language, in this case Spanish, as hearing both this（指西班牙语） and Basque reduces their overall exposure to either language.
这可能是因为双语环境下成长的宝宝要花费更长的时间来学习他们的主要语言，也就是在这个实验中的西班牙语，因为既听西班牙语又听巴斯克语使得他们对于其中一个的接触时间缩短了。
此段中生疏的表述有：a control arm 指做实验中的对照组 backwards 倒放(录音)
register 注意到，记住(register在纸上就是"登记，注册"，register在脑海里就是"意识到，记住"。)
④If this is the case, it （指双语环境，即本文主旨）could help them be sensitive to linguistic
differences and enable them to learn to distinguish between languages at a younger age.
如果是这样的话，双语环境可以帮助宝宝更敏锐地区分不同的语言，也能帮助他们在相对比较小的年纪学习区分不同的语言。The researchers note that a bilingual environment stimulates changes in the
brain mechanisms underlying speech processing in young infants, adding weight to the idea that the neural basis of learning two or more languages is established very early in life. 研究者们指出双语环境能够激发改变小宝宝们与语言处理相关的大脑机制，从而进一步确证了学习两种及更多语言的神经基础在人生很早阶段便已产生。
Why was the study conducted
分析：---研究肯定是为了证明结论，即主旨句中体现的关系：
a bilingual(双语的) environment → distinct and advantageous brain patterns for speech processing.
A. To reveal the impact of bilingual exposure.
B. To confirm the pattern of brain mechanism.
C. To conclude the factors for speech processing.
D. To explore the potentials for language development.
比较选项中的关键部分，A选项中bilingual exposure与主旨关系中的bilingual environment 同等，可选！
33. What is paragraph 3 mainly about C
A. Theory basis. B. Study methods. C. Research findings. D. Technical assistance.
34. What can we learn from the research
分析：四个选项的主语均倾向于主旨关系中的bilingual environment, 关键点在表述的后半段，即标粗部分，其中A后半部分与语言无关，与主旨关系中的 distinct and advantageous brain patterns for speech processing没有任何关系，故而可以排除；选项C与D是偏向否定的表述（reduce...competence ;
reduce overall exposure, 原文中是reduces their overall exposure to either language) 故而可以排除。
A. Bilingual-exposed babies are more sensitive.
B. Bilingual-exposed babies are more linguistically critical.
C. Bilingual-exposure reduces babies’ linguistic competence.
D. Bilingual-exposure reduces babies' overall language exposure.
35. Which of the following statements might the researchers agree with
A. Immigrants speak better languages.
B. Mixed race families own more linguistic potential.
C. Exchange students show greater learning capability.
D. Overseas workers have higher language proficiency.
分析：能够在很小的时候给宝宝提供双语环境的mixed race families, 选择B.
小结：
科学发现类文章一定要抓住主旨，即发现了什么。可以在表述中抽离出一种关系，把关键词提炼出来，将复杂的文章读简单。
一定要研读题干，明确命题老师想要的是什么信息，比如之前的金丽衢二模中，C篇
How does the author develop the text
By making comparisons B. By giving statistics
By quoting researchers’ views D. By sharing his own experiences
此题干等同于How does the author prove his point 即作者是如何证明他的论点的？

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