资源简介

啃下推理判断题高考英语阅读理解没问题
描述人物或事物特征
三年真题阅读理解推理判断题考点分布
2021年全国各地真题4-6个
2022年全国各地真题5-7
2023年全国各地真题7-8个
2024年1月浙江、上海真题8个
结论：推理判断题类型呈上升趋势，也是比较难的一种题型。啃下它，就等于啃下了阅读理解的大头。阅读理解满分近在咫尺。
推理判断题类型
1.描述人物或事物特征：3颗星
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中描述人物或事物的考点考查了5次。主要考查：根据阅读文章整体或部分内容及事实来推断作者对人物和事物特征的描述。
2.文体的写作方法：1颗星
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中没有对写作方法进行考查，这不意味着未来不会考查。高考备考要充分准备未来可能考的题，不是盲目追风必考考过的试题。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断写作手法。
3.作者的写作态度。3颗星
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中作者的写作态度考查了4次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断作者的写作态度
4.引申推断：5颗星
命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中引申推断考查了11次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。
5.推断文章来源：3颗星
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中推断文章来源考查了6次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体和内容来推断文章体裁或文章出处。
6.文章结构。1颗星
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中没有对推断文章结构进行考查，这不意味着未来不会考查。高考备考要充分准备未来可能考的题，不是盲目追风必考考过的试题。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体推断文章结构。
描述人物或事物特征
描述人物或事物特征的方法：
1.根据文章尤其是记叙文对人物或事件的描述来推断人物的特征，推断人物特征时，要注意当遇到两个并列词的时候，这两个词都必须符合人物或事件的特征；
2.描述事物特征，可以通过作者在文章中流露出的思想感情来判断。
【备考策略】系统归类描述人物或事物特征的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中的描述人物或事物特征，考查考生归纳总结能力、培养有情感、有情怀的人。因此，推断描述人物或事物特征题还将在2024年高考中出现。
【推理判断之描述人物、事件特征考点指南】
描述人物、事件特征考点常考问题：
1．Which of the following best describes......
2．According to the text, which words can best describe ......
3.Which of the following best describe ....according to Paragraph
4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event
5.What did the author think of ......
【高考命题思路和方法】
高考阅读理解中常有描述人物或事物特点的阅读理解题。命题人通过文章中对人物的事迹、语言、心理等进行描述，进而让考生推测人物或事物的性格特征。
【备考实战方法】
把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
【描写人物事物特征的形容词】
generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的; 苛求的; 需要高技能(或耐性等)的; 费力的; 要求极严的; 难满足的；impatient不耐烦的； outgoing外向的；easy-going随和的；organized有条理的；modest谦虚的；optimistic乐观的；cautious小心，谨慎的；caring乐于助人的; 关心他人的; 体贴人的； skillful熟练的; 灵巧的; 擅长于 (at; in); 制作精巧的；responsible负责任的； determined有决心的；modest谦虚的；creative有创造力的；ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒险的；cooperative 有合作意识的；honest诚实的；capable adj. 有能力的,有才能的；confident adj.自信的；diligent adj.勤奋的；voluntary adj.自愿的,主动的；energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；humorous adj.幽默的；enthusiastic adj.热情的；experienced adj.有经验的；intelligent聪明的; 智能的; 有才智的; 悟性强的; 有智力的; 有理解和学习能力的；grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；athletic运动型; 体育运动的; 健壮的；patient有耐心的；innovative创新的；tolerant忍受的；positive 积极的；committed坚信的; 尽心尽力的; 坚定的；considerate 体贴的；ashamed惭愧的; regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；overjoyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬的；proud自豪的；energetic充满活力的；courageous勇敢的; 无畏的；independent独立的；sensitive敏感的。
真题满分了
【典例1】[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
B
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
(　)26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the programme
A.Far-reaching.
B.Predictable.
C.Short-lived.
D.Unidentifiable.
【典例2】[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
(　)32.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A.Pocket parks are now popular.
B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C.Many cities are overpopulated.
D.People enjoy living close to nature.
【典例3】[2023·全国乙卷]
C
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it is no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
(　)28.What do people usually think of British food
A.It is simple and plain.
B.It is rich in nutrition.
C.It lacks authentic tastes.
D.It deserves a high reputation.
(　)29.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A.Authoritative.
B.Creative.
C.Profitable.
D.Influential.
真题答案解析
【典例1文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Abby Jaramillo和另一位老师在学校开设Urban Sprouts学校园艺项目,带领学生种菜的经历及其对学生身心健康产生的积极影响。
26.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students…”可知,该项目的好处不仅限于营养。一些学生对园艺工作非常感兴趣,他们会把种子带回家,开始种自己的菜园。此外,在花园工作似乎对Jaramillo的接受特殊教育的学生有镇静作用。由此可推知,这个项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。
【典例2】[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市化进程使得人类与自然的接触逐渐减少,尤其是在城市中找到原生态环境的机会越来越少,而研究表明城市中的原生态环境对人类的健康和幸福感极为重要。
32.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.”和“…it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.”可知,随着城市迅猛发展,城市居民与自然环境的接触逐渐减少,在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的。故文章开头描述的现象是在城市里很难找到原生态的大自然。故选B项。
【典例3】[2023·全国乙卷]【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了英国的电视烹饪节目对英国人的饮食习惯产生了巨大的影响,很多人开始摆脱过去的饮食习惯,而且它也改变了人们对烹饪的看法。
28.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine…”可知,提到英国食物人们想到的可能是炸鱼薯条,或者是周日的肉和两种蔬菜晚餐。人们通常认为英国食物不太让人感兴趣,给人的印象不那么深刻,即简单和普通。故选A项。
29.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“It s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”及“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”可知,电视烹饪节目上的厨师们让英国人远离传统的“一荤两素”和现成餐食,并开始在烹饪习惯上变得更加冒险,电视节目似乎帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。由此可推知,英国电视上的烹饪节目很有影响力。故选D项。
模拟好题练习
【典例1】【山东省潍坊市高三下学期3月高中学科核心素养测评】
Seminole was far too accustomed to the business. Everyone sympathized with him depending on long hours, minimum wage, and ill-mannered customers. Although struggling to pay his rent, he still went all out to make those lucky enough to sit at his tables laugh. The day was going quick.
He was exhausted when he arrived to work the next day, but he went about his daily duties, putting on a brave face as customers complained about the food or questioned the bill. Usually as he prepared to close for the night, a couple of customers would sit down and order drinks. Most of the crew had left by closing time, but Seminole stayed to serve. Eventually, the last round was ordered and he gave them the bill. The minimum tip was suggested on the receipt. “Tomorrow will be better,” murmured he.
But luck wasn’t on his side. Evening approaching, a group of teenagers stepped in. Thankfully, they were polite and respectful. Their cheerful behavior began to rub off on him. As always, he did his best to make their dining experience a pleasant one.
Once they finished their dishes, he placed the bill on the table, accompanied with some candies. They placed their notes on the receipt and left smiling. When he returned to clear the table, he was shocked. The teenagers only left a tip of $3, but their total bill was more than $100. He’d gone above and beyond serving the tasty dishes. How could they be so rude
Later that week, he struggled to let go of the awkward memories. He arrived at work and expected it to be like any other, but there was something left behind the desk for him — a two-page handwritten letter from the teenagers with $18 attached, in which they explained they were unaware of the tipping practice due to it being their first time out alone. Everything suddenly made sense.
Seminole was so touched by their gesture that he uploaded a picture of the letter sharing their admirable efforts. Web visitors voiced their opinions, and the reaction was more than positive.
6．Which of the following best describes Seminole
A．Patient and innovative.B．Generous and tolerant.
C．Positive and committed.D．Considerate and ambitious.
【典例2】【安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测】
During school life, Muhammad Tariq Khan developed an interest in playing badminton. Unfortunately, the school did not have a coach, so he had to self-learn the sport. His dedication helped him become an under 12 Pakistan Champion at the age of 10.
Coming from a working-class family, Khan had to work in a factory to earn money for his family. But driven by his passion, Khan found out ways to watch other players play matches on the badminton court and he learned various techniques used by experienced players. Meanwhile, Khan practiced badminton by hitting the shuttlecock (羽毛球) against the walls of his home. Seeing his passion for the sport, his family bought him a net, a few wooden rackets, and a pack of shuttles to practice at home. Later, Khan often practiced in an open court. To maintain strength, he went on daily morning sprints (短跑) by the riverside to be fit.
His intense practice sessions had made him so skilled that he courageously attacked and played against the top-ranked players. Soon he became a known player. Although he had a supportive family, he could not take up badminton as a full-time career. In order to help his father with finances and shoulder responsibility for his brothers and sisters, he had to switch his focus to build a long-lasting and stable career to sustain his family. After completing his degree in Bachelor of Commerce from Sindh University in 1964, he joined the Pakistan International Airlines in 1967. As an adult, he acknowledged the importance of his duties and performed them with great enthusiasm. Despite his daily office routine, Khan did not leave his passion for sports and played regularly.
The journey of Khan’s achieving his goals is indeed challenging. His family had spent their initial days in a refugee (难民) camp. Khan ever walked long distances from college to his house to avoid using public transport to save cash to buy shuttlecocks.
Today he has been recognized by many reputable Pakistani platforms for his contribution to badminton. His personality is inspirational for many young individuals, who can learn from him the art of balancing life pressures and sticking to a passion!
7．Which of the following can best describe Khan
A．Responsible and determined.B．Modest and creative.
C．Ambitious and adventurous.D．Cooperative and honest.
【典例3】【吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量监测（三）】
Christmas 2020 was shaping up to be a heartbreaker for Melanie Lee. A few weeks earlier, her 33-year-old son had lost his battle with a long illness. Then the transmission (变速器) on her 2007 Chevrolet Tahoe failed to work. She had no means of paying for it to be fixed.
“When it broke down, I broke down,” Lee told CNN. “Now I don’t have my baby, and I don’t have transportation. How am I supposed to stay active in my grandchildren’s lives ”
Eliot Middleton, 38, who is the owner of a barbecue restaurant and former auto mechanic, in his free time, repairs and gives away used cars. He’d heard about Lee’s difficult situation from her nephew Frank McClary, the mayor of Andrews, South Carolina. On Christmas morning, Middleton showed up unannounced at Lee’s home with a gift: a white 1993 Oldsmobile.
“I had no idea what was going on,” said Lee. “He handed me the keys and didn’t ask for anything.” Once again, she’s able to pick up her granddaughters from school and take them to dance class. “I got my freedom back.”
The idea for the used-car giveaway came to Middleton a year earlier during a food drive he’d organized. Many of those who’d lined up for a meal walked up to four miles to get there because they didn’t have cars. “Cars are a lifeline in this part of South Carolina,” Middleton told CBS. “There’s no public transportation, no Ubers, no taxis to take people to job interviews, doctor appointments, even food shopping.” So he posted on Facebook an offer to trade his restaurant’s specialty, barbecued ribs, for broken-down vehicles. Since then, friends and strangers have dropped off more than 100 cars in various states of disrepair. Many sit in Middleton’s yard waiting to be patched up and donated, usually to those he’s heard about through word of mouth. It’s a list of names that grows daily.
“People think Eliot is an angel,” Mayor McClary told the Washington Post. “And I do too.”
27．According to the text, which words can best describe Middleton
A．Outgoing and organized.B．Modest and optimistic.
C．Generous and cautious.D．Caring and skillful.
【典例4】【辽宁省辽东南普通高中协作校第一次模拟】
I became aware of my stutter (结巴) when I was around 9, in the fourth grade. I began to see how other people viewed me. When the teacher asked the whole class questions, I never raised my hand though I knew the answer, because I knew I would stutter. Some kids would tell me that I talked funny, ask why I didn't talk normally, or laugh at me. As soon as that started to happen, I became more introverted (内向的).
It wasn't until the summer of 2015, before freshman year at high school. All my friends and my parents encouraged me to join the high school football team. I owed much to them, especially Coach Lane who taught me how to play football. He took the time-and had the patience-to actually teach me what to do, how to do it and how to understand the concepts of play.
In junior year, I started my first game for the high school team. I had a very good season and in January 2018, I signed the University of North Carolina. The older we get, the more of an understanding we have about the world and other people. So the first time my teammates in college heard me talk and heard that I stuttered, they did not say a thing. That was a big deal to me because I was so used to people making comments. My teammates actually tell me to slow down because talking faster causes me to stutter more. It's really helped me develop confidence.
Whenever I go back home to Georgia, I volunteer with children at my church, including those who have learning disabilities. I like to do that to inspire them with confidence. I had confidence issues when I was a kid because of my stutter, so I just don't want them to have to go through what I did. In the future, I would like to start a foundation to give back to people who stutter and create a program where kids all across the world who have a stutter can have a safe space.
30．Which of the following best describes the author
A．Grateful and caring.B．Helpful and talkative.
C．Athletic and generous.D．Confident and patient.
模拟好题答案解析
【山东省潍坊市高三下学期3月高中学科核心素养测评】【文章内容定位】根据第一段中的“Although struggling to pay his rent, he still went all out to make those lucky enough to sit at his tables laugh.(尽管付不起房租，他还是竭尽全力让那些有幸坐在他桌旁的人开怀大笑)”，第二段中的“Most of the crew had left by closing time, but Seminole stayed to serve.(大多数店员在打烊时离开了，但塞米诺尔留下来服务)”和““Tomorrow will be better,” murmured he.(“明天会更好，”他喃喃地说)”及第三段中的“As always, he did his best to make their dining experience a pleasant one.(像往常一样，他尽力使他们的用餐体验愉快)”可推知，尽管塞米诺尔过得很贫困，但是他一直很乐观，而且尽心尽力的做好自己的工作。故选C。
【安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测】【文章内容定位】由第三段中的“In order to help his father with finances and shoulder responsibility for his brothers and sisters, he had to switch his focus to build a long-lasting and stable career to sustain his family. (为了帮助父亲解决经济问题，承担起照顾兄弟姐妹的责任，他不得不将注意力转移到建立一个长期稳定的职业来维持家庭)”可知，Khan为了养家转移职业重心，说明他很负责任；由第二段中的“Coming from a working-class family, Khan had to work in a factory to earn money for his family. (Khan来自工人阶级家庭，他不得不在工厂工作为家人挣钱)”，第三段中的“Soon he became a known player. (很快他就成了一名著名的运动员)”和倒数第二段中的“The journey of Khan’s achieving his goals is indeed challenging. (Khan实现目标的过程确实充满挑战)”。→关键词→responsibility，challenging
【选项A】A．responsible（负责任的） and determined（有决心的）
【吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量监测（三）】【文章内容定位】根据文章第三段中的“He’d heard about Lee’s difficult situation from her nephew Frank McClary, the mayor of Andrews, South Carolina. On Christmas morning, Middleton showed up unannounced at Lee’s home with a gift: a white 1993 Oldsmobile.(他从李的侄子、南卡罗来纳州安德鲁斯市市长弗兰克·麦克拉里那里听说了她的困难处境。圣诞节早晨，米德尔顿突然出现在李的家中，带着一份礼物:一辆1993年的白色奥兹莫比尔。)”以及文中提到他给很多人捐赠了二手车可知，米德尔顿是一个很有爱心的人；根据第三段“Eliot Middleton, 38, who is the owner of a barbecue restaurant and former auto mechanic, in his free time, repairs and gives away used cars.(38岁的艾略特·米德尔顿是一家烧烤餐厅的老板，以前是一名汽车修理工。他在业余时间修理和赠送二手车。)”。 →关键词→a gift: a white 1993 Oldsmobile（带着一份礼物:一辆1993年的白色奥兹莫比尔）→repairs and gives away（修理和赠送）
【选项D】caring(有爱心的)和skillful(有技能的)
【辽宁省辽东南普通高中协作校第一次模拟】【文章内容定位】根据第二段“I owed much to them, especially Coach Lane who taught me how to play football. (我要归功于他们，特别是教练Lane教我怎样踢足球)”可知，作者很感激朋友和父母，特别是教练。根据第三段“So the first time my teammates in college heard me talk and heard that I stuttered, they did not say a thing. (第一次我的大学舍友听我谈话，听我结巴，但是他们没有说什么)”可知，作者对舍友们的理解表示感激。根据最后一段“Whenever I go back home to Georgia, I volunteer with children at my church, including those who have learning disabilities. (当我回到家乡Georgia，我在教堂里做志愿者，帮助有困难的孩子们)”。关键内容I owed much to them→Grateful；关键内容volunteer with children at my church→caring
【选项A】A．Grateful and caring

展开更多......

收起↑