资源简介

Unit1 What’s the matter with you
单词短语及重点句型
重点单词 1.matter [ m t ]n.问题；事情 2.sore [s ]adj.疼痛的；酸痛的 3.stomachache ['st m ke k]n.胃痛；腹痛 4.foot [f t]n.脚；足 5.neck [nek]n.颈；脖子 6.stomach [ st m k]n.胃；腹部 7.throat [θr t]n.咽喉；喉咙 8.fever [ fi v ]n.发烧 9.lie [la ]v.躺；平躺 10.rest [rest] v. & n.放松；休息 11.cough [k f]n. & v.咳嗽 12.X-ray ['eks re ]n. X射线；X光 13.toothache [ tu θ e k]n.牙痛 14.headache [ hed e k]n.头痛 15.break [bre k]n.间歇；休息 16.hurt [h t]v.（使）疼痛；受伤 17.passenger [ p s nd ]n.乘客；旅客 18.off [ f]adv.；prep.离开；不工作；从……去掉 19.onto prep.向；朝 20.trouble [ nt ]n.问题；苦恼 21.hit [h t]v.（用手或器具）击；打 22.herself [h self]pron.她自己 23.bandage [ b nd d ]n.绷带；v.用绷带包扎 24.sick [s k]adj.生病的；有病的 25.knee [ni ]n.膝；膝盖 26.nosebleed [ n z bli d]n.鼻出血 27.breathe [bri ]v.呼吸 28.sunburned [ s n b nd]adj.晒伤的 29.ourselves [a selvz]pron.我们自己 30.climber [ kla m ]n.登山者；攀登者 31.risk [r sk]n. & v.危险；风险；冒险 32.accident [ ks d nt]n.（交通）事故；意外遭遇 33.situation [ s t e n]n.情况；状况 34.kilo [ ki l ]n.千克；公斤 35.rock [r k]n.岩石 36.knife [na f]n.刀 37.blood [bl d]n.血 38.mean [mi n]v.意思是；打算；意欲 39.importance [ m p tns]n.重要性；重要 40.decision [d s n]n.决定；抉择 41.control [k n tr l]n. & v.限制；约束；管理 42.spirit [ sp r t]n.勇气；意志 43.death [deθ]n.死；死亡 44.nurse [n s]n.护士
重点短语 1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water 喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒 7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛 10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息 11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12. see a dentist 看牙医 13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片 14. take one’ s temperature 量体温 15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药 16. feel very hot 感到很热 17. sound like 听起来像 18. all weekend 整个周末 19. in the same way 以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生 21. go along 沿着……走 22. on the side of the road 在马路边 23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without thinking twice 没有多想 25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 27. to one’ s surprise 使.......惊讶的 28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于 29. in time 及时 30. save a life 挽救生命 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 32. right away 立刻；马上 33. because of 由于 34. get out of 离开;从……出萍 35. hurt oneself 受伤 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 37. fall down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到恶心 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 45. run out (of) 用完;用尽 46. so that 以便 47. so. . . that 如此… …以至于… 48. be in control of 掌管;管理 49. in a difficult situation 在闲境屮 50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 51. make a decision 做出决定 52. take risks 冒险 53. give up 放弃
常考句型 1.What’s the matter( with you) =What’s wrong( with you) =What is happening (to you) 怎么了？ 2.What should I do 我应该做什么呢？/我该怎么办呢？ 3.Should I take my temperature No, you shouldn’t. /Yes, you should.我应该测量体温吗？不，你不应该。/是的，你应该测一测。 6.At 9:00 a. m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.昨天上午9点，26号车行进在中华路时，驾驶员看到一个老人躺在马路边。 7.A woman next to him was shouting for help.他旁边的一个女人正在声呼救。 8.It’s sad that many people don’t want to help others because they don’t want any trouble.许多人因为不想惹麻烦而不想帮助他人，这很令人伤心。 9.But the driver didn’t think about himself. He only thought about saving a life.但是这个驾驶员不考虑自己，他只考虑挽救生命。 10.As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.作为一个登山者，Aron习惯于冒险。 11.Aron’s arm was caught under a 360-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains. Aron’s 的生臂被压在一块360公斤的岩石下，那块岩石是当他独自一个爬山时掉到他身上的。 12.Because he could not free his arm, he stayed there for five days and hoped that someone would find him.因为他的手臂无法动弹，他在那个呆了五天，希望有人会发现他。 13.But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.但当他的水喝光的时候，他知道他不得不行动起来挽救自己的生命。 14.So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.因此，他用小刀割掉了他的半只右臂。 15.Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.然后，他用左臂，为自己打好了绷带，以便于他不至于失血过多。 16.After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place.失去手臂之后，他写了一本书，书名是《生死难诀》。 17.His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.他对爬山的爱是如此之深，以至于在经过那次经历后依然继续爬山。 18.I almost couldn’t get myself out of bed.我几乎不能下床。19.It hurts a lot.它很痛。 20.It’s very difficult for me to talk.对我来说，谈话很困难。 21.Your face looks a bit red.你的脸看起来有点红。22.You look terrible.你看起来可怕。 23.You don’t look well.你看起来不舒服。 24.What’s wrong with your face 你的脸怎么了？ 25.It’ll hurt even more later!一会儿它会更痛。 26.He cut his knee, so I washed the cut.他砍伤了作的膝盖，因此，我为他清洗了伤口。 27.He was taken to the hospital to get an X-ray.他被带到医院去照片。 28.My head feels very hot我的头摸起来很烫。
一、单词讲解
1 matter n.问题；事情
1）matter可数名词，意为“毛病；麻烦”，通常用于句型 What’s the matter with sb. 该问句常用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦 。
What's the matter (with sb.) =What's wrong (with sb.) =What happened (to sb.) =What's up
---What’s the matter with him 他怎么了 ---He has a headache.他头痛 。
2）matter还可作为不及物动词，意为“要紧，有关系”，主要用于否定句，疑问句或者条件句中。
It doesn’t matter.没有关系 。
Does it matter if I’m a bit late 我晚一会到有关系吗 ？
3)no matter与who , what , where等连用,相当于whoever,whatever ,wherever等，可引导让步状语从句。
Don’t open the door , no matter who comes.不管谁来都别开口。
2 sore adj.疼痛的；酸痛的
1）adj. 疼痛的,酸痛的；恼怒的
have a sore +身体部位“...疼”
I have a sore throat.我喉咙痛。
2）n. 溃疡，痛处；恨事
Let's not reopen old sores.我们不要再揭旧伤疤了。
3 stomachache n.胃痛；腹痛
have a stomachache胃疼
Henry got a stomachache and asked to be excused.亨利肚子疼，请假离开了。
拓展：在英语中，一部分表示身体部位的名词加上名词ache（疼痛）后，可以构成合成名词。如 headache头痛，toothache牙痛，stomachache胃痛，backache背痛，earache耳朵痛。
4 foot n.脚；足
1）n. 脚; 足 pl. feet
My feet are aching.我的脚好疼。
2） n. 最下部；基础；底部
the foot of the stairs/mountain楼梯底部/山脚下
3）n.英尺
We're flying at 35 000 feet.我们现在在35000英尺高处。
5 lie v.躺；平躺
1）lie为不及物动词，意为“躺；卧” (lay , lain , lying)
Don’t lie in bed all morning .不要一早上都躺在床上。
He found a dog lying at the door .他发现一只狗躺在门边。
2）lie作为不及物动词，意为“撒谎，说谎”，过去式和过去分词均为lied,现在分词为lying。
You are lying to me .你对我撒谎
3）lie有“位于”的意思。
A temple lies on the top of the mountain.一座寺庙位于山顶之上。
4）lie 作可数名词，意为“谎言，假话”
I know he told a lie just now .我知道他刚刚说了谎话。
I believe that it is a white lie .我相信那是一个善意的谎言。
5）lay 动词，意为“产卵，下蛋”，过去式和过去分词均为laid .
The hens are not laying well at the moment .母鸡现在没有在产蛋。
原形 词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lie 躺；位于 lay lain lying
lie 说谎 lied lied lying
6 rest v. & n.放松；休息
1）n. 放松; 休息
I had a good night's rest.我昨晚休息的很好。
2）v.放松; 休息
The doctor told me to rest.医生让我去休息下。
3）n. 剩余的部分 / 人 / 事物
I'm not doing this job for the rest of my life.我将用我的余生去完成这个工作。
7 break n.间歇；休息
1）break 用作可数名词，意为“（课间的）休息”。
He sat under the big tree to take a break.他站在大树底下休息。
There is a 10-minute break between classes .课间有十分钟休息。
2）break作不及物动词，意为“碎；破”。其过去式为broke,过去分词为broken 。
Glasses breaks easily .玻璃很容易打碎。
3）break 作及物动词，意为“弄碎，弄破”。
He broke his right leg last month .上个月他弄伤了他的右腿。
4）break 作及物动词，意为“不遵守（法律，规则等）”。
The teacher is talking to the student who broke the rules .老师正在问学生谁违反了纪律。
break away (from) 脱离，放弃（习惯），打破（陈套）
break down(机器等)坏了；(计划等)失败； (健康等)变坏；感情失去控制
break in 插嘴，使驯服
break into 破门而入，突然起来
break off 折断，突然停止讲话，解除（婚约）
break out（战争，火灾，疾病）突然发生，爆发
break up 分手，结束
8 hurt v.（使）疼痛；受伤
1）v.（使）疼痛; （使）受伤
He hurt his back playing squash.他打壁球时伤了背。
2）adj.（身体上）受伤的
None of the passengers were badly hurt . 没有乘客受重伤。
3）n.心灵创伤；委屈
It was a hurt that would take a long time to heal.心灵上的伤需要很长时间去治愈
9 off adv.；prep.离开；不工作；从……去掉
get off下车. put off推迟，拖延 take off 脱下，起飞
go off发出响声，离开 turn off关闭 cut off 切断
set off 激起，引起，出发 break off 突然中止，中断 keep off远离，使—不踏入
run off迅速离开，跑掉 be off离开，走开 fall off落下，从...掉下
show off炫耀，卖弄
10 trouble n.问题；苦恼
in trouble 在监禁中；处于不幸中；处困难中
get into trouble 使自己或他人陷入困扰之境
have trouble(with.../ (in)doing sth. ) 在...有困难
I have trouble in learning English.我学习英语有困难。
11 herself. pron.她自己
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to 自用，随意拿，随便吃
keep to oneself 保守秘密，不与人交往 by oneself 单独，独自，独立地
12 bandage n.绷带；v.用绷带包扎
1）n. 绷带
Put a bandage on the cut.用绷带绑住伤口。
2）v.用绷带包扎
The doctor bandaged the man’s leg last night.昨天医生用绷带包扎了这个男人的腿。
13 sick adj.生病的；有病的
sick在句子中可作定语，也可作表语；ill生病的，有病的，在句子中常作表语，当它作定语时，是坏的，恶意的意思，不是生病的意思
He is sick.=He is ill.他生病了。
He is a sick man.一个病人。
He is an ill man他是一个坏人。
a sick man一个病人 feel sick=feel ill感觉不舒服 get sick=get ill生病，患病
be sick=be ill生病的
14 breathe v.呼吸
breath fresh air呼吸新鲜空气 have problems breathing呼吸有困难
As long as I breathe,I’ll fight them.只要一息尚存，我就要跟他们斗。
People with coronavirus have problems breathing.患冠状病毒病的人呼吸困难。
15 sunburned adj.晒伤的
get sunburned 被晒伤
Don’t expose yourself to the sun for too long,you’ll get sunburned.别在太阳下晒太久，你会被晒伤。
16 risk n. & v.危险；风险；冒险
1）take risks=take a risk冒险
As a mountain climber,Aron is used to taking risks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。
2）at risks/at a risk处于危险中→（强调对以后的影响）
in danger在危险中，有…的危险→（强调现在的处境）
You can’t get risk without taking risks.人不冒险不富。
3）risk to do sth冒险干某事
17 accident n.（交通）事故；意外遭遇
a car accident车祸 a traffic accident一次交通事故 by accident偶然，意外地
We met by accident at the airport.我们在机场不期而遇。
18 situation n.情况；状况
special situation特殊情况 practical situation实际情况
He found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.在爬犹他州的时候，他发现他自己在一个非常危险的状况中。
19 hit v.击打
hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；
hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。
20 mean v.意思是；打算；意欲
1）mean doing sth意味着，意思是（主语通常是指事物的词）
Being a student means studying hard.当学生意味着努力学习。
2）mean to do sth 打算做某事，企图做某事（主语常为人）
We mean to call on you tomorrow.我打算明天拜访你
3）What’s the meaning of the word 这个单词书什么意思？=What’s do you mean by the word =What does the word mean
21 decision n.决定；抉择
make a decision/decisions意为＂作决定＂。
make a decision to do sth.＝decide to do sth.＝make up one’s mind to do sth. 决定做某事。
He made a decision/decided to go to New York finally. 最后他决定去纽约。
22 control n. & v.限制；约束；管理
be in control of 掌管，管理 be out of control 失去控制
You should be in control of your own life and business.你应该掌握着自己的生活和事业。
二、课文对话及原文
1.Conversation
Mandy: Lisa, are you OK
Lisa: I have a headache and I can’t move my neck. What should I do Should I take my temperature
Mandy: No, it doesn’t sound like you have a fever. What did you do on the weekend？
Lisa: I played computer games all weekend.
Mandy: That’s probably why. You need to take breaks away from the computer.
Lisa: Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
Mandy: I think you should lie down and rest. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.
Lisa: OK. Thanks, Mandy.
2.Passage
Bus Driver and Passengers Save an Old Man
At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. A woman next to him was shouting for help .
The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice. He got off and asked the woman what happened. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. He told the passengers that he must take the man to the hospital. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. But to his surprise（to one’s surprise , they all agreed to go with him. Some passengers helped Mr. Wang to move the man onto the bus.
Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. “It's sad that many people don't want to help others because they don't want any trouble,” says one passenger. “But the driver didn't think about himself. He only thought about saving a life.”
He Lost His Arm But Is Still Climbing
Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. This is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. On April 26, 2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.
On that day, Aron’s arm was caught under a 360 kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains. Because he could not free his arm, he stayed there for five days and hoped that someone would find him. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.He was not ready to die that day.So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.After that, he climbed down the mountain to find help.
After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of one’s life.His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.
三、重要知识点讲解
1 What’ s the matter 怎么啦？出什么事情了？
What’ s the matter with you = What’s the trouble with you = What’ s wrong with you 你怎么了？
matter 和trouble为名词，其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong是形容词不能加the；用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。
---What’s the matter with you ---I have a bad cold.你怎么了？我感冒了。
2 I have a cold 我感冒了/I have a stomachache 我患胃痛/I have a sore back. 我背痛。
have a/an + 疾病名词 “患……病” (cold/fever/cough)
have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛
have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒
have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛
have a headache 患头痛 have a backache患背痛
3 She talked too much yesterday and didn’t drink enough water.她昨天说话太多，并且没有喝足够的水。
1）此处too much 相当于一个副词，修饰动词talked ,放在后面作状语，意为“太多”。
She worried too much .她非常担心。
Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃的太多对身体健康无益。
短语 含义 用法 例句
too much 太多 后接不可数名词 There is too much rain these days
修饰动词，放在动词之后 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
too many 太多 后接可数名词复数 There are too many things for me to do every day.
much too 太 修饰形容词或副词 It’s much too cold in winter.
2）此处enough为形容词，意为“足够的”。修饰名词时，常放在名词前，且位置后置。
It is good enough for me .它对我来说足够好了。
Is the water warm enough for you 这水对你来说温度合适吗？
3）enough还可以构成句型搭配：be + adj.+enough+to do “足够.....做某事”
Though he has grown up , he isn’t brave enough to go out alone at night.
4 Drink some hot tea with honey.喝些加有蜂蜜的热茶 。
with为介词，在此处意为“加上；具有；带有”，表示事物的附属部分或所具有的性质，其反义词为without。
Would you like some tea with sugar 你需要加糖的茶吗？
China is a country with a long history .中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。
No man could live without water .没有水人类无法生存。
拓展：
1）with意为“和...在一起”
Mr. Black is talking with a friend .布莱克正在和一个朋友讲话。
2）with 意为“用（工具、手段等）”
You can cut it with a knife .你可以用小刀切。
3）with 表示方式、情况或者条件 。
She likes to sleep with the light on .她喜欢开着灯睡觉。
5 see a dentist and get an x- ray. 看牙医并且拍张x光。
see a dentist = go to a dentist看牙医
see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生
6 ---What should she do 她该怎么办呢？---Should I take my temperature 我应该量一下体温吗？
1）should “应该” 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务
should not =shouldn’t不应该
主语+ should/ shouldn’t +动词原形. ..
2）take one’s temperature 量体温
7 No, it doesn’t sound like you have a fever. 不需要,听起来你不像发烧了。
1）sound like 听起来像,后接名词或名词性短语作表语。
It sounds like a good idea.听起来是个好主意。
拓展：“感官动词+ like
feel like摸起来像 smell like闻起来像 look like看起来像 taste like尝起来像
2）fever发烧 have a fever 发烧
8 You need to take breaks away from the computer .你需要离开电脑休息几天 。
1）need 在此处为实意动词，意为“需要”，后面可接名词，代词，动名词及带有to 的不定式作宾语。
We need to think twice about it .我们需要在考虑一下。
She needs your help .我们需要你的帮助。
2）need作情态动词，意为“需要，必需”。无人称和数的变化，否定式为needn’t，后面一般接动词原形。用must提问的句子，其否定回答常用needn’t
---Need I finish the work today 我今天需要完成这些工作吗？
---Yes, you must./ No ,you needn’t .是的，你必须完成。/不，不需要
辨析：need to do和need doing
need to do sth.意为“需要干某事”，是自己主动去干某事；need doing其主语是物，含有被动的意义，相当于need to be done。
The student needs to do his homework as soon as he gets home.那个学生需要一回家就做家庭作业。
9 I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
without doing sth.没有做...
He left home without telling anyone.没有告诉任何人，他离开了家。
10 If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow , then go to a doctor .如果明天你的头和脖子还痛的话，就去看医生。
1）此处连词if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假如”。（主将从现）
If she arrives in New York , I’ll telephone you.如果她到达纽约，我就给你打电话。
2）go to a doctor 为固定短语，意为“看医生”，相当于 go to see a doctor .
Bill went to a doctor yesterday .比尔昨天去看了医生。
Don’t take any medicine before going to a doctor .看医生之前不要吃药。
11 At 9:00 a.m.yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天上午9:00 , 26路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶，这时，司机看见一位老人躺在马路上。
1）辨析along/ down
相同点：prep “顺着；沿着”
不同点：along 强调顺着水平方向；down 指“沿着…下坡或者往南走”
2）see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生）
see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）
I often see him play basketball after school. 我经常看见他放学后打篮球。
I saw him playing the piano in the music room just now. 我刚刚看见他正在音乐室弹钢琴。
12 The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice.公共汽车司机，24岁的王平，毫不犹豫的停下了车。
1）24-year-old24岁的“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词，在句中作定语，用连字符后连接，名 词用单数。
2）without thinking twice毫不犹豫
13 He got off and asked the woman what happened .他下了车，问那个妇女发生了什么事 。
1）get off 为“动词+副词”结构的短语，人称代词作宾语时，应放在动词与副词之间，此处意为“下车”。
① get off 意为“下（汽车、火车、飞机等）”
The first passenger to get off the bus was a woman .第一位下车的乘客是一位女士。
②get on 意为“登上（汽车、火车、飞机等）”，后面常跟较大的交通工具，反义词为get off
When I got on the bus ,I saw my teacher sitting there .当我上了公交车，我发现我的老师站在那里。
③get into 意为“进入（小汽车、出租车、电梯等）” ，后面常跟较小的
He got into a taxi and left .他进了一辆出租车离开了。
④get out of 意为“从（小汽车、出租车、直升飞机等）下来”
She got out of the car and wen into the hall .他从汽车上下来进了大厅。
2）happen 为及物动词，意为“发生”
①当表示“某人或者某物发生某事”时，某人或者某物必须放在介词to后面，用句型sth. happens to sb./sth.来表达
What has happened to Judy Judy发生了什么事情1、
②当用作“碰巧”时，常用句型 sb. Happens to do sth.和 It happens + that 从句
She happened to meet her friend in the bookstore .在书店她碰巧遇到她的朋友。
It happened that I had no money with me .碰巧的是我没有带钱。
14 He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.他希望大部分这货所有的乘客下车等下一班车。
expect动词，意为“期待，预料”；主要用法：
expect+名词/代词
I’m expecting a telephone call from her.我正在等她的电话。
expect to do sth期待做某事
She expect to go there next week.她期望下周去哪里。
expect sb to do sth期待某人做某事
He expected her to go with him他期望她同他一起去。
expect+that从句
I expect that he’ll come back tomorrow.我期望他明天会回来。
15 Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly.王先生知道他必须快点行动。
have to不得不，后面接动词原形
辨析：have to/must
①have to强调客观上的需要;must 强调主观上的必要性。
I have to tidy up the room.（客观需要）我必须打扫一下房间。
I must tidy up the room.（主观想法）我必须打扫一下房间。
②have to有人称，数和时态变化,可用于一般现在时,一般过去时或一般将来时等;must无人称,数,时态变化,主要用于一般现在时。
Does he have to stay here 他必须待在这里吗？
Must she finish her homework first 她必须先完成作业吗？
③它们的否定形式不同:don’t have to 表示“不必要，不需要”;mustn’t 表示“禁止，不允许，不应该”
You don’t have to help him .你不需要去帮助她。
You mustn’t help him 你不应该帮助她。
16 But to his surprise ,they all agreed to go with him.但出乎他的意料，他们都同意和他一起去。
1）to one’s surprise 为固定结构，意为“使某人惊讶的是...”类似结构还有 to one’s joy 使人开心的是； to one’s disappointment令人失望的是；to one’s satisfaction 使某人满意的是
To his surprise , she won the first prize .出人意料的是，她获奖了。
surprise 动词 surprise sb
surprise 名词 to one’s surprise，give sb a surprise，in surprise
surprising 形容词 常修饰物
surprised 形容词 be surprised at sth 常用人作主语 be surprised to do sth be surprised that
surprisingly 副词
2）agree 为及物动词。后面可跟名词，代词，动词不定式或者宾语从句。
①agree to 后面接计划或者建议 。
I agree to your plan .我同意你的计划。
②agree on 后面接日期或者条款。
They agreed on these terms .他们同意这些条款。
③agree with 后面接人或者意见。
I agree with you .我同意你的意见。
17 Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers,the man was saved by the doctors in time.多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了老人的生命。
1）thanks to意为“由于，多亏”
Thanks to your help, we finished the task on time.多亏了你们的帮助，我们才能按时完成了任务。
辨析：thanks to和thanks for
Thanks to 多亏，由于，to是介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词形式
Thanks for 因......而感谢，for后接感谢的原因，常接名词、动名词形式
Thanks to you ,I am not lost.多亏了你我才没有迷路。
Thanks for sending me such a nice present.谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物。
2）in time意为“及时，适时”
If you hurry, you’ll be in time for your flight.如果你快点。还能赶上你那趟航班。
辨析：in time和on time
in time 及时；表示动作在规定的时间内或提前完成
on time 准时，正点；强调不早不晚。
We were just in time for the bus.我们正好赶上那班公交车。
The train came into the station on time.火车准时到达。
18 The old man got to the hospital in time .那位老人及时到达了医院。
1）get to 意为“到达”。此处get为补给物动词，当后面接地点名词时，要加上介词to .
①get 不及物动词，后面可接地点名词作宾语要加介词to.要是接地点副词home, here和there不用to .
I get home at 7:00 P.m. every day .每天下午我7点到家。
What time shall we get to Beijing 我们什么时间到达北京？
②arrive 不及物动词，可直接跟地点副词；加上介词at/in后，才能接地点名词。（大地点用in；小地点用at）
③reach 及物动词，其后可接跟地点名词，也可跟地点副词。
I reached Beijing the day before yesterday .我前天到达北京。
We reached here on foot .我们步行到这。
19 Did you fall down 你摔倒了吗？
辨析:fall down和fall off
fall down 意为“倒下”，强调的是“滑倒，倒下”
fall off 意为“跌落”，强调的是“从某处跌落；从某处掉下来”，相当于fall down from
It’s easy to fall down on the snowy road.在有积雪的路面上很容易滑倒。
The girl fell off the bike.女孩从自行车上摔了下来。
20 Put on a clean T-shirt ..穿上意见干净的T恤衫。
put on为“动词+副词”短语，意为“穿上；戴上”。代词作其宾语时，须放在put on 的中间。
He put on a coat and went out .
①put on “穿衣”表动作
②wear“穿衣”及物动词，表状态
③dress “给....传衣服”及物动词，宾语只能为人。
④be in “穿着”后面接表衣服的名词或表示颜色的形容词，表状态。be in 同 be dressed in
21 Told him to rest.告诉他去休息。
tell为及物动词，tell sb. (not) to do sth.意为“告诉某人（不要）做某事”。
He told me to write a report .他告诉我写一篇报道。
The police told the children not to play in the street .警察告诉孩子们不要再大街上玩。
22 Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing .阿伦罗尔斯顿是一个对爬山很感兴趣的美国人。
1）此处who is ...为定语从句，修饰名词man ,who 为关系代词。当被修饰词为人时，常用关系代词who或者that引导定语从句。
Do you know the girls who / that are dancing 你知道那个跳舞的女孩是谁吗？
The man that / who you are waiting for won’t come .你等的那个男孩不会来
2）be interested in 为固定短语，意为“对....感兴趣”，相当于take interest in .
interesting “引起兴趣的，有趣的”。作表语或定语，修饰物。
interested “感兴趣的”只作表语，主语为人。
I’m interested in the interesting things .我对那些有趣的事物感兴趣。
23 As a mountain climber ,Aron is used to taking risks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。
1）此处as为介词，意为“作为”。
He works in the hotel as a cook .他在一家宾馆做厨师。
2）此处 be used to 意为“习惯于.....; 适应于.....”,后面接名词、代词或动名词。
He is used to hard work .他一直努力工作。
She is used to getting up early .他习惯于早起
be used to sth / doing sth 意为＂习惯于…＂，相当于短语get used to。 Be patient and you will be used to the life here soon. 耐心些！很快你就会习惯这儿的生活的。
be used to do sth (=be used for doing sth ) 意为＂被用来做某事＂，是动词use的被动结构。 Plastics can be used to make all kinds of things. 塑料能被用来制造各种各样的东西。
used to do sth 意为＂过去常做某事＂，表达过去。 I used to go to the cinema, but I hardly ever have time for films now. 我过去经常去看电影，但现在我几乎没有时间看电影了。
24 There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents .有许多次阿伦因为（意外）事故几乎失去生命。
1）此处time 为可数名词，意为“次数”。
How many times have you been to Paris 你去过巴黎几次？
2）almost 副词，意为“几乎，差不多”。
He has almost finished his work .他差不多完成了工作。
3）辨析 because of 和 because
①because of “因为”，介词短语，后面接名词或者代词。
I didn’t go because of the rain .因为下雨我不能走了。
②because “因为”，连词，引导原因状语从句。
He didn’t come to school because he was ill .他不能来学校了因为他生病了。
25 He was not ready to die that day.他不愿那天死去。
1）ready为形容词，意为“准备好的，乐意的，愿意的”，常作表语。
Lunch is ready .午饭准备好了。
①be ready to do sth. “准备好了做某事”，主要强调已经准备好了要做某事，表示即将去做。
We are ready to answer the questions .我们准备了回答这些问题。
She is always ready to help others .她总是准备好帮助别人。
② be ready for “为......准备好”
He was ready for the test .他为考试做准备。
2）die (died , died , dying ) 为不及物动词，意为“死，死亡”
His parents died long ago .他的父母去世很长时间了
The man is dying.那个人就要死了。
拓展：die 的形容词形式为 dead , 名词形式为death 。
A dead person can’t speak .死人是不会说话的。
26 So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.因此他用刀子切除了他的一半右臂。
1）use sth. to do sth. “用某物做某事”
I use my pen to write a letter .我用钢笔写信。
I use a knife to cut apples.= I use a knife for cutting apples .我用刀子切纸。
2）cut off 为固定短语，意为“切除，切断”。
When was the telephone cut off 电话什么时间中断的？
拓展：常见的与cut有关的短语：
cut down 砍到，减少 cut up 切碎 cut in 插入 插嘴
27 Then , with his left arm , he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood .然后，他用左臂给自己打上绷带以至于他不会失去太多的血。
1）此处with意为“用（工具或器具等）”。
You can cut it with a knife .你可以用小刀切。
辨析：with 与 in
with:介词，“ 用（工具）”
They eat with forks .他们用叉吃饭。
in:介词，“用（语言，声音，材料等）”。
She can give a talk in English .她用英语做了一个演讲。
2）此处so that 引导结果状语从句 ，意为“以至于”。
She got up late so that she missed the early bus .她起床晚了以至于错过了早班车。
28 His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience .他对登山如此快以至于即使这次经历之后他还继续爬山。
1）keep on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”。
The students are keeping on reading .同学们一直在读书。
拓展：①keep doing sth.“继续不停地做某事”
Keep going until you reach the end of road .一直走直到走到路的尽头。
②keep sb. Doing sth.“使某人一直做某事”
Do’t keep your mother waiting.不要让你的妈妈等着。
③keep sb, from doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”
You shouldn’t keep him from watching cartoons .你要组织他看动画片。
2）experience 此处用作可数名词 “经历”。
29 Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks .阿伦喜爱爬山，不介意冒险。
此处mind 为动词，意为“介意；在乎”。后面可接动名词作宾语，但不能跟动词不定式。
I don’t mind at all .我一点也不介意。
Would you mind parking your car there 你介意把车停在这里吗？
四、单元语法
表达身体疼痛或不舒服
1）某人+have/has+病症.
The twins have colds.双胞胎感冒了。
2）某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.
She had a stomachache last night.她昨晚肚子痛。
3）某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位.
He has a sore throat.他喉咙痛。
4）某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词.
He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。
5）某部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly.我头痛得厉害。
6）某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位
I have a pain in my chest.我胸口痛。
7）(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位.
There is something wrong with my right eye.我的右眼有毛病。
8）其他表达方式
She has a heart trouble.她有心脏病。
He got hit on the head他头部受到了撞击。
She cut her finger.她割破手指了。
情态动词should的用法
1）should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。
You should drink hot water with honey.你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。
He should put his head back他应该把头后仰。
We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。
You shouldn‘t watch TV.你不应该看电视。
2）Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。
Should I put some medicine on it 我应当给它敷上药吗？
Should we tell her about it 我们应该告诉她这件事吗？
拓展：在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有
①Would you like (to do) sth.？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？
Would you like to play basketball with me 你想要和我一起打篮球吗？
②Shall I/we do sth 我／我们做 好吗？
Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow 明天我们去动物园，好吗？
③Why not do sth 为什么不 呢？
Why not join us 为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？
④How/What about doing sth 做某事怎么样？
How about going swimming 去游泳怎么样？
⑤Let’s do sth让我们做 吧。
Let’s go home.咱们回家吧。
⑥You’d better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。
You’d better not go there alone.你最好不要一个人去那儿。
反身代词
反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称的人称代词宾格形式，词尾加-self或-selves组成的。反身代词意为＂本人＂＂本身＂，为加强语气，也可翻译为＂亲自＂＂自己＂。
1）反身代词构成
(
数
人称
) 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
2）反身代词的用法
作动词宾语或介词宾语 The boy can dress himself. 这个男孩能给自己穿衣服。 Take good care of yourself. 好好照顾你自己。
作主语或宾 语的同位语 Mrs Black herself is a lawyer. 布莱克夫人本人就是一名律师。 You had better ask the driver himself. 你最好问司机本人。
作表语 Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。 Mary hasn’t been herself recently. 玛丽近来感到不适。
3）易错点
反身代词必须与其所指代的名词或代词形成相互关系，在人称、性和数上保持一致。
The children are enjoying themselves in the park. 孩子们正在公园里玩得很高兴。
4）反身代词的常用短语
teach oneself＝learn by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 过得愉快
help oneself to... 随便吃/用…… look after oneself 照顾某人自己
dress oneself 给自己穿衣服

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