资源简介

Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
单词短语及重点句型
重点单词 1.cheer [t ]v.欢呼；喝彩 2.volunteer [ v l n t ]v.义务做；自愿做；n.志愿者 3.sign [sa n]n.标志；信号 4.notice [ n t s]n.通知；通告；注意；v.注意到；意识到 5.lonely [ l nl ]adj.孤独的；寂寞的 6.several [ sevr l]adj.几个；数个；一些 7.strong [str ]adj.强烈的；强壮的 8.feeling [ fi l ]n.感觉；感触 9.satisfaction [ s t s f k n]n.满足；满意 10.joy [d ]n.高兴；愉快 11.owner [ n ]n.物主；主人 12.journey [ d n ]n.（尤指长途）旅行；行程 13.raise [re z]v.募集；征集 14.alone [ l n]adv.独自；单独 15.repair [r pe ]v.修理；修补 16.fix [f ks]v.修理；安装 17.broken [ br k n]adj.破损的；残缺的 18.wheel [wi l]n.车轮；轮子 19.letter [ let ]n.信；函 20.Miss [m s]n.女士；小姐 21.disabled [d s e bld]adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的 22.blind [bla nd]adj.瞎的；失明的 23.deaf [def]adj.聋的 24.imagine [ m d n]v.想象；设想 25.difficulty [ d f k lt ]n.困难；难题 26.open [ p n] v.开；打开 27.door [d ]n.门 28.carry [ k r ]v.拿；提；扛 29.train [tre n]v.训练；培训 30.excited [ k sa t d]adj.激动的；兴奋的 31.training [ tre n ]n.训练；培训 32.kindness [ ka ndn s]n.仁慈；善良 33.clever [ klev ]adj.聪明的；聪颖的 34.understand [ nd st nd]v.理解；领会 35.change [t e nd ]v. & n.变化；改变 36.interest [ ntr st]n.兴趣；关注；v.使感兴趣；使关注 37.sir [s ]n.先生 38.madam [ m d m] n.夫人；女士
重点短语 1.hope to work outside 希望在外面工作 2.try out for…为…而参加选拔 3.could help (to) clean up the city parks 可以帮助清洁城市公园 4.help (out) with something帮助做…… 5.help out as a volunteer作为志愿者而帮助他人 6.could visit the sick kids to cheer them up可以看望病患儿童以让他们振作 7. volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids在教孩子的课后学习活动中当志愿者 8.volunteer as a teacher志愿者教师 9.volunteering our time to help others志愿奉献我们的时间帮助他人 10.could give out food at the food bank可以在食物站分发食物 11.give up several hours each week to help others每周放弃几小时以帮助他人 12.give away old clothes to the poor把旧衣服捐赠给穷人 13.give something to somebody= give somebody something把…给某人 14.give somebody orders给某人下命令 e up with a plan/ good ideas想出计划/ 主意 16.make a plan制定计划新 17.the city park clean-up城市公园的清洁 18.only two weeks from now从现在起仅仅两个周的时间 19.work in an old people’s home/ a children’s home在老年之家/儿童之家工作 20.read the newspaper to the old people 向老人读报纸 21.get his future dream job获得他未来的梦想的工作 22.learn more about how to care for animals学到更多的关于怎样照料动物的知识 23.get such a strong feeling of satisfaction获得如此强烈的满足感 24.get better/ worse /green/ yellow变得更好/ 更糟/ 绿/ 黄 25.the look of joy/ surprise/ sadness /happiness/ excitement高兴/ 惊讶/ 悲伤/ 幸福/ 激动的表情 26.a book lover书虫 27.could read by herself能够独自阅读 28.at the age of four在四岁的时候 29.raise money for homeless people为无家可归的人筹钱 30.put off my plan推迟我的计划 31.be busy with my studies忙于我的学习 32.call up somebody给……打电话 33.put up signs around the school满校园张贴招牌 34.make notices 出通知 35.the book sale售书活动 36.be worried about getting good jobs 为找出工作而担心 37.make lots of money 挣许多钱 38.in their free time在他们的空闭时间 39. be good at擅长于4 0.a good way to spend our free time一种度过空余时间的好方法 41.stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year停止做他们的工作几个月到一年 42.travel alone独自旅行 43.run out of money用完钱 44.take after my father长得像我的爸爸 45.fix up broken bikes修理烂自行车 46.be similar to …与…相似 48.make it possible for me to have Lucky让我拥有Lucky成为可能 49.make a big difference to my life对我的人生起重大作用 50.get me a special trained dog让我得到一条经过特殊训练的狗 51.get things for disabled people为残疾人买东西 52.be a guide at a museum在博物馆当导游 53.be excited about the idea of having a dog因为拥有一条狗的主意而激动 54.six months of training with a dog带着狗训练的六个月 55.have a “dog helper” because of your kindness因为你的善良而拥有一个“狗助手” 57.send you a photo= send a photo to you送一张照片给你 58.show you how he helps me向你展示他是怎样帮助我的 59.interests and hobbies兴趣和爱好 60.be interested in…对…感兴趣 61.…be set up…被成立（建立） 62.set up a call-in center for parents 为家长们成立一个呼叫中心 63.hand the notices out after school放学后散发通知 64.help people in need帮助危难中的人 65.can’t buy any more old bikes不能再买任何旧自行车了 66.students who volunteer志愿者学生 67.people who are less lucky than us比我们更不幸的人 68.children who don’t have bikes没有自行车的孩子 69.signs asking for old bikes收集旧自行车的招牌 70.be proud of … 对……为骄傲
常考句型 1.They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他们给我们讲关于过去的故事，讲曾经的样子。 2.We’re all going to be old one day.有一天我们也会老。 3.The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book. 孩子们坐在图书馆里，但你能从他们的眼中看到他们正在和每一本新书一起经历不同的旅程。 4.Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.对我来说在这儿当志愿者是一个实现了的梦想。 5.I can do what I love to do and help others at the same.我可以做我热爱做的事，同时又帮助他人。 6.I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.这相信你知道这个组织被建立是为了帮助那像我一样的残疾人。 7.What would it be like to be blind or deaf 成为盲人或聋子会是什么样子？ 8.I can’t use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me.我的手臂和腿都不灵便，因此，像接电话，开关门及搬东西这们平常事对于我来说都是困难的。 9.Thank you again for changing my life.再次感谢你改变了我的生活。 10.In what other ways do you think dogs are able to help people 你认为狗们还能有另外的方法帮助人们吗？ 11.What other animals can we train to help people 我们还可以训练其他什么动物来帮助人们呢？ 12.The idea that he came up with worked out fine.他想出的那个主意很凑效。 13.I need to come up with some way of getting money or I’ll have to stop.我有必要想出某种来钱的方式，否则我将不得不停止。
一、单词讲解
1 cheer v.欢呼；喝彩
1）cheer作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩”
The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived.当歌手到达的时候女孩子们开始欢呼。
2）cheer作及物动词，意为“为···欢呼，高呼”
The whole village turned out to cheer the hero村名们为英雄欢呼
3）cheer 作可数名词，意为“欢呼声，喝彩声”
We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym.我们听到体育馆外学生们的喝彩声。
4）cheer on 意为“为···加油”
We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you like to come and cheer us on？今天下午我们将举行一场篮球比赛，你愿意来为我们加油嘛？
5）cheer up（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来；是“动词+副词”结构的短语，cheer up既可以作及物动词短语，也可以作不及物动词短语。代词放中间，明天放两边。
He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him.当我答应帮助他时他立刻高兴起来。
6）cheer for为......喝彩
The boy cheered for his father.男孩为他的爸爸喝彩。
2 volunteer v.义务做；自愿做；n.志愿者
1）volunteer作不及物动词时，意为“自愿做;义务做”后常跟介词 in, for 等。
Volunteering makes you look at the world differently. 志愿服务使你对世界的看法不同。
They volunteer for the work in the club.他们自愿在俱乐部里参加这项工作。
2）volunteer作及物动词时，意为“自愿做;义务做” volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after the party. 聚会结束后,珍妮自愿打扫房间。
3）volunteer作可数名词时，意为“志愿者”
I want to be a volunteer in the city.我想成为这座城市的一名志愿者。
3 sign n.标志；信号
1）作可数名词，表示“标记;指示牌;符号”
a road/traffic sign 道路/交通标志 Look at this sign. it says, "No smoking看这块告示牌，上面写着“禁止吸烟”。
2）作可数名词，表示“手势;(头、手、眼等的)示意动作”
sign language(聋人的)手语
I put up my hand as a sign for him to stop.我举手示意他停下来。
3）作可数或者不可数名词，表示“迹象;征兆”
Dark clouds are a sign of rain.乌云是下雨的征兆。
4）作动词，表示“签(名);签字”
Sign in when you come to the indoor climbing center. 到达室内攀岩中心时要签到。
5）作动词，表示“示意;以手势表示”
The teacher signed for / to me to enter. 老师示意我进来。
sign up (for) 报名参加(课程等);登记注册:
I signed up for a beginners' course in volleyball
sign up for报名参加 make a sign做记号
4 notice n.通知；通告；注意；v.注意到；意识到
take notice of...注意...留意... take no notice of 别留意
1）notice作可数名词，意为“公告牌；通告；布告”
There is a notice on the wall, saying “No Parking”墙上有一个公告，“禁止停车”
2）notice作不可数名词，意为“注意”
Take notice of what they say.注意他们所说的
3）notice 作动词，意为“注意到，留心，看到”
Did you notice Jack come in 你注意到杰克进来了吗？
辨析：notice sb doing sth和notice sb do sth/be noticed to do sth
①notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事（强调动作正在进行）
②notice sb do sth注意某人经常做某事或某个动作发生的全过程（强调动作已经完成）
③be noticed to do sth强调被注意到做某事...
I noticed him leave the school.我注意到他离开了学校。
He noticed the boy following him.我注意到一个男孩正跟着他。
5 lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的
a lonely island孤岛
I feel very lonely without my good friend. 我的好朋友不在旁边我就很寂寞。
辨析：lonely和alone
lonely是形容词，alone是副词。lonely是指心灵上的，意为“寂寞，孤独”。alone是指行为或动作上的，意为“单独，独自”。
She lives alone and often feels lonely. 她孑然一身，常感到寂寞。
I dont like going out alone at night. 我不喜欢夜晚单独外出。
6 several adj.几个；数个；一些
several几个;数个;数人;数件物，同义词短语：a few修饰可数名词复数形式
Several hundred students are climbing the mountain. 几百名学生正在爬山。
Theyve been to the hospital several times. 他们已经去医院好几次了。
7 strong adj.强烈的；强壮的
1）强壮的 反weak];结实的
He is tall and strong.他又高又壮。
2）坚定的;坚强的
Mother's love makes her daughter strong.妈妈的爱让女儿更坚强。
3）(国家等)强大的;(风)强劲的;(色、味等)浓烈的
a strong wind一阵大风
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.我们的国家越来越强大。
He could hear strong winds outside his house.他的画用浓重的色彩表达感情。
His paintings used strong colors to express feelings.
4）优秀的;擅长的
I'm strong in English, so 1 think I'd be good at this job.我擅长英语，因此我认为我能做好这项工作。
拓展：strongly adv强烈地;强硬地
8 feeling n.感觉；感触
1）感觉;感受（可数名词）;知觉（不可数名词）
I have a feeling of happiness now. 我现在有一种幸福的感觉。
I have lost all feeling in my legs.我的双腿已完全失去知觉。
2）情感;感情（常用复数形式）
Sometimes we hurt others’ feelings although we don't do it on purpose. 有时我们会伤害别人的感情，尽管我们并不是故意的。
3）想法;看法（用单数）
I have a feeling that we can solve these little difficulties. 我觉得我们能解决这些小难题。
拓展：feel还可用作连系动词，意为“觉得，感觉到”
9 satisfaction n.满足；满意
satisfaction一般用作不可数名词。
to one's satisfaction 让某人满意
To my satisfaction, everyone passed the exam.让我感到满意的是,大家都通过了考试。
拓展：satisfied adj.满意的;对…感到满意
be satisfied to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到满意”
He was satisfied to win the match.他对赢得比赛很满意。
be satisfied with意为“对...感到满意”
She was not satisfied with the result.她对这个结果不太满意。
satisfy v.使满意 satisfying adj.令人满意(或满足)的
The plan can't satisfy everyone.这个计划不能让所有人都满意。
We are not satisfied with the result.我们对这个结果不满意。
For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying.对杰里来说,这种冒险是最令人满足
10 joy n.高兴；愉快
joy作不可数名词，意为“高兴；愉快”
Life is always full of joy.生活充满愉悦。
11 owner n.物主；主人
owner可数名词，意为“物主，主人” the owner of... ...的主人
He is the owner of the car.他是这只猫的主人。
拓展：1）own 形容词，意为“自己的”，一般用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后以加强语气。
I saw it with my own eyes.眼见为实。
2）own 及物动词，意为“有；拥有”，相当于have.
He owns a big house.他有一套大房子。
3）of one’s own. 意为“属于某人自己的”
At last I’ve got a big house of my own.最终我拥有了一套属于我自己的大房子。
12 journey n.（尤指长途）旅行；行程
journey意为“旅行；行程”，可数名词，一般指长途旅行
on a journey在旅途中 Have a good journey. 旅途愉快。
Life is a long journey from birth to death. 生命是一个从生到死很长的旅行
辨析：trip，journey和travel
①trip常指短距离的、直达目的地的旅行，在日常用语中，trip可与journey通用。
I am going on a trip to the seaside during the summer holidays. 暑假期间我将去海边旅行。
②journey主要指单程较远距离。
Mr. Smith made a journey from Paris to New York. 史密斯先生作了一次从巴黎到纽约的旅行。
③travel泛指一般意义的旅行，是不可数名词。
He is fond of travel （= travelling）.他喜欢旅行。
13 raise v.募集；征集
1）举起;抬起;使升高，反lower
Raise your hand if you know the right answer.如果你知道正确答案,请举手。
2）提高;增加
They have raised the price of gas. 他们已经把油价提高了。
Can you raise your voice I can't hear you clearly. 你能大点声吗 我听不清楚。
3）筹(款)
We plan to sell flowers to raise money.我们打算通过卖花来筹钱。
4）养育;饲养He's got a big family to raise. 他有一大家子人要养活。
The old man used to raise many sheep.这位老人曾养过许多羊。
辨析：raise与rise的区别
rise和raise都有 上升,升起,上涨,举起 等意思
①rise一般事物自身可以升高,上升的,例如太阳东升,河水上涨.
②raise一般是人为地让事物升高,例如举起胳膊,提高薪水等.
14 alone adv.独自；单独
1）alone作副词，意为“单独地；独自地”
He likes living alone.他喜欢独自居住。
2）alone作副词，用在名词或代词之后，意为“只有；仅仅”
He alone understands me.只有他懂我。
3）alone作形容词，意为“独自的；单独的”
She was alone in the dark room.她独自一人在黑暗的房间里。
15 repair v.修理；修补
repair及物动词，意为“修理，修补，修缮（房屋）”
He repairs old furniture.他修理了老家具。
辨析：repair, mend与fix
① repair比fix和mend更正式，常用于表示修补破损或有洞的东西
Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.玛丽修理收音机只是为了娱乐。
②mend着重修补衣服上的洞、道路、屋顶或围栏等
My mother mended clothes for me yesterday.我妈妈昨天给我缝补衣服。
③fix侧重于“安装”，有时也用作“修理”，常用于指修理机器、车辆等
The workers are fixing the machine.工人们正在安装机器。
16 letter n.信；函
1） letter可数名词，“信，函”
Tom, here is a letter for you.汤姆，这是你的信。
2）write the letter to sb. 相当于write to sb. 意为“给某人写信”
I am writing the letter to my friend我正在给我的一位朋友写信。
Do you often write to your friends 你经常写信给你的朋友吗？
拓展：receive a letter from sb. 与hear from sb. 同义，意为“收到某人的来信”
I often hear from my friends.我经常受到我朋友的信。
letter作可数名词，表示“字母”的意思
Write down these letters, please.写下这些字母。
17 disabled adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的
disabled形容词，意为“丧失能力的，有残疾的”，它是动词disable（使···丧失能力）加后缀ed构成的
We should help disabled people.我们应该帮助残疾人。
18 difficulty n.困难；难题
difficulity作名词，意为“困难；难题”，其形容词为difficult，意为“困难的”
拓展：1）Difficulty表示抽象意义上的“困难”时，是不可数名词
Bad planning will lead to difficulty later.糟糕的计划会造成很多困扰。
2）have difficulty in doing sth. 表示“在做某事方面有困难”
I had great difficulty (in) doing the work.我做这份工作有困难
19 open v.开；打开
1）open 动词，意为“打开，张开”，反义词为close
open the window, open your mouth打开窗户，张嘴
辨析：open与turn on 辨析：
open指将原来关着的东西打开，turn on 指转动或推上开关等打开
拓展：open 还可用作形容词，主要用法如下：
1）开着的，反义词为closed
All the doors are open.所有的们都开着。
2）开张的，营业的
The shop is open from 9am to 6am.这家上点从早上9点到晚上6点营业。
3）开放的
Our country is open to the world now.我们国家对外开放。
20 carry v.拿；提；扛
carry及物动词，意为“拿，提，扛”
He always carries a small box in his hand.他手里总是拿着一个小盒子。
辨析：carry, bring, take
①carry不表示动作的方向，一般指随身携带，如“扛、提、运”等
Please carry the bag for me.请给我带着这个包
②bring 指把人或物从别处带到说话者所在的地方
Bring the book to me, please.请把这本书带给我
③take指把人或物从说话者的地方带到别处去
Take my box to the room.把这个盒子拿到房间里去。
21 train v.训练；培训
train sb/sth to do sth.训练某人做某事
train sb in sth在...方面训练某人
We can train a horse to do farm work.我们训练马儿做农活。
拓展：training .不可数名词 训练
22 excited adj.激动的；兴奋的
1）excited形容词，意为“兴奋的，激动的”，可作表语或定语，作表语时，主语一般是表示“人”的名词或代词；作定语时，一般修饰表示“人”的名词或代词
Tom was excited after hearing of the good news.汤姆听到这个好消息后很激动。
辨析：excited与exciting的用法辨析：
excited意为“兴奋的，激动的”，多用于修饰人；exciting意为“使人兴奋的，刺激的”，修饰物
The boy was excited when he heard the exciting news.当男孩听到这个令人兴奋的新闻时，他很激动。
be excited about 意为“对···感到兴奋、激动”
I was excited about going to the zoo.要去动物园我感到很兴奋。
23 understand v.理解；领会
understand既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，意为“理解；领会；明白”
Do you understand me 你理解吗？
He doesn’t understand English.他听不懂英语。
拓展：1）understand后可接从句：
I understand you’re going to teach Chinese.我明白你将要去教汉语。
2) make oneself understood意为“让某人了解自己的意思”
I can’t make myself understood in English.我不能用英语让你明白我的意思。
24 change v. & n.变化；改变
1）作动词，表示“改变;变化;改造”
change one's life 改变某人的生活
change(..)into...(把… )变成… He changed the date of the meeting yesterday. 他昨天更改了会议日期。
2）作可数名词，表示“变化”
Great changes took place here in 2015.在 2015 年,这儿发生了很大的变化。
3）作不可数名词，表达“零钱”
Don't forget your change.不要忘记找给你的零钱。
25 interest n.兴趣；关注；v.使感兴趣；使关注
1）兴趣爱好，表示“兴趣;爱好;关注”
take/have an interest in = be interested in对…感兴趣
show an interest in 对…表现出兴趣
He always takes an interest in old coins= He is always interested in old coins.他总是对古币感兴趣。
2）作动词，表示“使感兴趣;使关注” That book may interest you.那本书也许会使你感兴趣
二、课文对话及原文
1.Conversation
Helen: Hi, Tom. I'm making some plans to work in an old people's home this summer.
Tom: Really I did that last summer!
Helen: Oh, what did they ask you to help out with
Tom: Mm... things like reading the newspaper to the old people, or just talking to them. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
Helen: That sounds interesting.
Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely . We should listen to them and care for them.
Helen: You're right. I mean, we're all going to be old one day, too.
2.Passage
Students Who Volunteer
Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others.
Mario loves animals and wants to be an animal doctor. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. “It's hard work,” he says, “but I want to learn more about how to care for animals. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.”
Mary is a book lover. She could read by herself at the age of four. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read. “The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they're going on a different journey with each new book. Volunteering here is a dream come true for me. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.”
Dear Miss Li,
I'd like to thank you for giving money to Animal Helpers. I'm sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. Let me tell you my story.
What would it be like to be blind or deaf Or imagine you can't walk or use your hands easily. Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulties. I can't use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me. Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. She also thought a dog might cheer me up. I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him home. My dog's name is Lucky --- a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. You see, I'm only able to have a “dog helper” because of your kindness! Lucky is very clever and understands many English words. He can understand me when I give him orders . For example, I say, “Lucky! Get my book,” and he does it at once .
Lucky is a fantastic dog. I'll send you a photo of him if you like, and I could show you how he helps me. Thank you again for changing my life.
Best wishes,
Ben Smith
三、重要知识点讲解
1 You should help to clean up the city parks.你应该帮助打扫城市公园。
clean up意为“彻底打扫；清除”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语动词，后面跟名词作宾格时，名词放在up前后均可，后面跟代词作宾格时，代词应当放在up前面。
He often helps parents clean up the rooms on weekends.周末他经常帮助父母打扫房间。
2 The boy could give out food at the food bank.这个男孩可以在食物救助站分发食物。
give out 意为“散发，分发”，相当于“hand out”， 是“动词+副词”的短语动词
Can you give out the drinks , please 你能分一下饮料吗？
拓展：give out 的不同含义：
①give out 表示“发出（光、热、声音、气味等）
The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.太阳给地球光和热。
②give out表示“用完，耗尽”
Our food supplies began to give out.我们的食物供应开始减少。
由give构成的常见短语有：
give away送掉;赠送;泄露
I gave away my bike to a children home.我把自行车捐给了儿童之家
I will never give your secrets away a永远不会泄露你的秘密。
give back 归还:
When will he give back the tape 他行么时候归还录音带
give in 让步;屈服:
Finally he had to give in and accepk the job.最后他不得不做出让步，接了这份工作。
give off 发出(气味、光、热等)
The fire doesn't seem to be giving off much heat. 炉火好像不太热。
give up放弃
Don’t give up.不要放弃。
3 We can’t put off making a plan.我们可以推迟制定计划。
put off意为“推迟”，是“动词+副词”的短语动词，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语
They put off the match because of the heavy rain.因为下雨，他们延迟了比赛。
由put构成的常见短语有：
put away 将...收起来 put on 穿上；上演
put down 放下；记下 Put out 熄灭；伸出
put back 放回原处 put up 张贴；搭建
4 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be他们告诉我关于过去的一些故事和东西是什么样的
used to 意为“过去...， 曾经...”，后跟动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事”，指表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态
He used to work in the hospital.他曾经在医院上班。
拓展：1）be used to do sth. 意为“被用于做某事”，不定式表目的
The book is used to teach us how to write.这本书用来教我们如何写作。
2）be used for + n./ v.ing 表示“被用于...”
A stamp is used for sending letters.邮票被用于寄信。
3）get/be used to doing sth.习惯做...
He is used to eating out all the time.他总是把食物吃光。
5 Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children because they are often sad.我们班正在思考一些好的主意，能够让那些生病的孩子开心起来。
1）come up with想出；提出（主意、计划回答等）后面常跟idea,plan,answer等名词,相当于 think up。
Can't you come up with a better idea 难道你想不出一个更好的主意了吗
与come有关的短语：
come 的其他常用短语有 come over 过来;顺便来访;拜访 come out 出来;开花;(书等)出版
come in 进来 come on 快点儿;加油 come true 实现
comeup走近;走上前来 come down 下来 come from 来自
2）sick形容词，意为“生病的；有病的”，其反义词为well.
His sister was sick with a cold.他姐姐感冒了。
sick作形容词时，还可表示“（想）呕吐的，恶心的”
I always feel sick when I travel by ship.我乘船旅行的时候总觉得恶心。
The smell makes him sick.这种味道让他想吐。
辨析：sick与ill的辨析：
①sick指“生病”时主要用于英式英语，可作定语也可作表语，表示“恶心；呕吐”时只用作表语
He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move.船一启动他就开始感到恶心。
②ill指“生病”时，主要用于美式英语，只用作表语，一般不作定语
He is ill and stays in bed.他生病了躺在床上。
6 I’ve run out of it.我已经用光了。
run out of是“动词+副词+介词”的短语，of后接宾语，主语通常是表示“人”的名词，也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器等，意为“...用完了...”
I’ve run out of paper.我用完了所有的纸。
拓展：1）run out of 可表示“从...跑出来”的意思
The dog run out of the room.这条狗跑出了房间。
2） run out 是“动词+副词”结构的不及物动词短语，意为“用完，用尽”，主语通常是表示“时间、金钱”等无生命的东西。
All the money ran out by me.所有的钱被我花光了。
3）sth. run out 表示“某物用尽了，用完了”
Our food will soon run out.我们的食物都吃完了。
7 I take after my mother.我像我的妈妈。
take after意为“像；与...相像”，指由于血缘关系而在外貌、性格等方面相似，相当于be similar to， 其中after 是介词，其后常接名词或代词
Your daughter doesn’t take after you at all.你女儿和你一点也不像
拓展：1）look like意为“看上去像...”，多指外貌
You look like my brother.你看上去像我哥哥。
2）be like意为“像...”，可指外貌，也可指性格
What is your sister like 你姐姐长得什么样？
8 I’m similar to her.我和她很像。
1）similar形容词，意为“相似的；相仿的”
My best friend and I have similar hobbies.我最好的朋友和我有相似的爱好。
2）be similar to意为“与...相似/相仿”
My new dress is similar to yours.我的新裙子和你的很像。
拓展：be similar in sth. 意为“在某方面相似/相仿”
The two buildings are similar in style.这两座建筑物在风格上相似。
9 Lucky makes a big difference to my life.路西对我的生活产生了巨大的影响。
make a difference to 意为“对...产生影响”，difference前面可加修饰词，如big, great等，to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词
Education can make a big difference to the quality of a person’s life.教育会对人们的生活质量产生很大的不同。
The accident has made a great difference to his life.这次事故对他的生活产生了很大影响。
拓展：Make no difference意为“对...没有影响”
It makes no difference to me.
10 Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily.或者你想象你不能走路，不能用手。
imagine动词，意为“想象，设想”，其后接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句
Can you imagine life on the moon 你能想象在月球上的生活吗？
11 Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out.去年的一天，我的一个朋友帮助了我。
1）a friend of mine指“我的一位朋友”，是双重所有格，相当于one of my friends.
2）help sb. out指“帮助某人摆脱困境；帮助某人解决难题”
Help them out as possible as you can.尽你所能帮助他们摆脱困境。
四、单元语法
动词不定式
1）动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，通常由“to +动词原形”构成。其中to是动词不定式符号，在有些情况下可以省略。动词不定式的否定形式为：not to do。
2）动词不定式在句中可以用作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、主语、定语、表语等，没有人称和数的变化。
①做宾语：want、decide、hope、ask、agree、learn、plan、need、expect、refuse等动词后常接to do 做宾语（to 不可以省略）
②做宾语补足语：want、ask、allow、expect、wish等 + sb（宾语）+ to do sth
【注】跟不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词主要感官动词（see、feel、watch、hear）和使役动词（let、make、have）等。如：make sb do sth让某人做某事
③做状语：动词不定式做状语表示目的、结果或原因。考查动词不定式做目的状语较多，动词不定式表目的时，to do翻译成“为了”
④做主语：动词不定式做主语时，为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，常用于以下固定句型中：It’s + adj + for/of + sb + to do sth 做某事对某人来说……
⑤做定语：此时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。
⑥做表语：一般表示具体的动作或说明主语的内容、性质、特征等。
⑦动词不定式可以和疑问词what、which、who、how、when、where等连用。（疑问词+ to do）

展开更多......

收起↑