资源简介

Unit3 Could you please clean your room
单词短语及重点句型
重点单词 1.rubbish [ r b ]n.垃圾；废弃物 2.fold [f ld]v.折叠；对折 3.sweep [swi p]v.打；打扫 4.floor [fl ]n.地板 5.mess [mes]n.杂乱；不整洁 6.throw [θr ]v.扔；掷 7.neither ['na (r)]adv.也不 8.shirt [ t]n.衬衫 9.pass [pɑ s]v.给；递；走过；通过 10.borrow [ b r ]v.借；借用 11.lend [lend]v.借给；借出 12.finger [ f ɡ ]n.手指 13.hate [he t]v.厌恶；讨厌 14.chore [t ]n.杂务；乏味无聊的工作 15.while [wa l] conj.与…同时；当…的时候；而；然而 16.snack [sn k]n.点心；小吃；快餐 17.stress [stres]n.精神压力；心理负担 18.waste [we st]n.浪费；垃圾；v.浪费；滥用 19.provide [pr va d]v.提供；供应 20.anyway [ en we ]adv.而且；加之 21.depend [d pend]v.依靠；信赖 22.develop [d vel p]v.发展；壮大 23.independence [ nd pend ns]n.独立 24.fairness [ fe n s]n.公正性；合理性 25.since [s ns]conj.因为；既然；从……以后；自……以来 26.neighbor ['ne b ]n.邻居 27.ill [ l]adj.有病；不舒服 28.drop [dr p]v.落下；掉下 29.independent [ nd pend nt]adj.独立的；自主的 30.fair [fe ]adj.合理的；公正的 31.unfair [ n fe ]adj.不合理的；不公正的
重点短语 1.go out for dinner 出去吃饭 2.stay out late 在外面待到很晚 3.go to the movies 去看电影 4.get a ride 搭车 5.work on 从事 6.finish doing sth. 完成做某事 7.clean and tid y 干净整洁 8.do the dishes 洗餐具 9.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 10.fold your/the clothes 叠衣服 11.sweep the floor 扫地 12.make your/the bed 整理床铺 13.clean the livng room 打扫客厅 14.no problem 没问题 15.welcome sb. 欢迎某人 e home fro m school/ work放学/下班回家 17.throw down 扔下 18.sit down 坐下 e over 过来 20.take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 21.all the time 一直;总是 22.all day/evening 整曰/夜 23.do housew ork 做家务 24.shout back 大声回应 25.walk away 走开 26.share the housework 分担家务 27.a com fortable home 一个舒适的家 28.in surprise 惊讶地 29.get som ething to drin k 拿点喝的东西 30.watch one show 观看一个节目 31.hang out 闲逛 32.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人 33.lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 34.get sth. wet 使某物弄湿 35.hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 36.do chores 做杂务 37.help sb. (to ) d o /with sth 帮助某人干某事 38.bring a tent带顶帐篷来 39.buy some snacks买些小吃 40.go to the store去商店 41.invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会 42.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 43. enough stress足够的压力 44.awaste of tim e浪费时间 45. in order to为了 46.get good grades取得好成绩 47.m ind doing sth. 介意做某事 48.depend on依赖;依靠 49.develop c h ild re n ’ s independence发展孩子的独立性 50.look after/take care of 照顾；照看 51.do one’ s part in (doin g ) sth.做某人分内的事
常考句型 1.I think two hours of TV is enough for you.我认为两个小时对你已足够。 2.She won’t be happy if she sees this mess.假如她看到这乱糟糟一团定会不高兴。 3.It’s clean, but it’s not “mother clean”!是干净，但这不是妈妈心中的干净。 4.I’m just as tired as you are!我也和你一样的累。 5.She did not do any housework and neither did I.她没有做任何家务活，我也没有。 6.I could not find a clean dish or a clean shirt.我没有发现一个干净的碗碟，一件干净的衬衫。 7.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.在你帮助我洗碗碟的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。 8.I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.我不理解为什么有些父母让他们的孩子在家帮助做家务。 9.It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家给孩子们提供一个干净而舒服的环境是家长们的工作。 10.It is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.对于孩子们来说，学会怎样做家务和帮助父母亲做家务是很重要的。 11.Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.既然他们和他们的父母生活在同一房子里，他们就应该明白每个人都应该做他们份内之事，以保持房子的干净与整洁。 12.The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子们越早独立，对他们的未来就更好。
一、单词讲解
1 rubbish n.垃圾；废弃物
1）垃圾；废弃物
Rubbish must be thrown into the dustbin. 垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱。
2）废话；胡说八道
He's talking rubbish.他胡说八道。
拓展：rubbish = garbage = trash 指成堆的垃圾或垃圾箱内的垃圾；litter指零散的垃圾
take out the trash倒垃圾
2 fold v.折叠；对折
1）折叠；对折
fold sth. 折某物
My little brother likes folding the planes with paper .我弟弟喜欢用纸折飞机。
fold-up 把…折叠起来
He folded up his paper and put it away. 他把文件折了几折，然后收了起来。
2）交叠，交(臂)，抱(臂)
fold the arms交臂
3）(鸟)收起(翅膀)
The bird folded its wings.鸟将翅膀收起
3 sweep v.打；打扫
sweep扫，打扫,掸，拂，常与away, out等连用
sweep the yard 清扫庭院
sweep the dust away on the table 掸去书桌上的尘土
The floor has been swept. 地板已清扫干净了。
拓展：sweep the floor 扫地；清洁地面；清扫地板，拖地板
sweep away 清除；一扫而空
sweep off 大量清除 ; 扫去 ; 扫清 ; 吹走
Sweep Time 扫描时间 ; 扫描
4 mess n.杂乱；不整洁
1）n. 杂乱；不整洁；混合物
in a mess 乱七八糟
Your room is in a mess.你的房间乱糟糟的。
2）v. 混合 (= mix )
mess up = mix up 把……混合
Don’t mess up the food.别把食物弄混了
5 throw v.扔；掷
throw about 乱扔 throw at 向……扔去（恶意，不带攻击性） throw away 扔掉
throw to 扔给 （不含恶意）throw down 扔下
6 neither adv.也不
1）neither或nor还有另外一种用法，就是当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事时，可用neither或nor进行简略回答，其结构为:Neither / Nor+助动词/情态动词 / be动词+主语。
He doesn't go to school by bike. Neither / Nor do I. 他不是骑自行车上学，我也不是。
They didn't go to the park yesterday. Neither / Nor did we. 昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。(表示否定) 拓展：当表达一个人做了某事，另一个人也做同一类事时，其结构为: so+助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词+主语.
He likes bananas. So do I.他喜欢吃香蕉。我也如此.
2）neither...nor... 表示"既不…也不…"。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。
She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。
3）当neither...nor...连接两个主语时，也应遵循"就近原则"。
Neither dad nor mum is at home today.今天父母都不在家。
4）若将neither...nor...句型变为肯定句，只需把neither...nor...改为both...and...即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。
Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家。
5）单独使用neither作主语，表示"两者中没有一个"。
Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。
拓展：1）either...or...意为"或者…或者…;不是…就是…"之意。表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。either...or...连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的"就近原则"。
Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。
2）可以使用就近原则的有：neither...nor...；either...or... ；not…but… ; not only…but also… ; There be… . 句型
辨析：also, too, either, neither的用法
①also 是比较正式的用语，语气较庄重。它通常放在句中，位于行为动词之前，连系动词之后; 有助动词或情态动词，一般放在助动词或情态动词之后。
Peter also has two brothers. 彼得也有两个兄弟。
I am also a student. 我也是一名学生。
Mrs. Green can also sing the song in Chinese. 格林夫人也能用汉语唱这首歌。
② too 是普通用词，多用于口语，语气较随便。一般用在肯定句中，放在句末。例如:
I’m in Row 1, too. 我也在第一排。
注意：also和too一般都用于肯定句，很少用于否定句。
③either 表示“也”时，一般只用于否定句，且置于句末。
I don’t know him. Tom doesn’t know him, either. 我不认识他，汤姆也不认识他。
If you don’t go there, he won’t go there, either. 如果你不去那儿，他也不会去那儿。
注意：either 本身没有否定的意义。所以多与 not 连用。
④neither 表示“两个都不”，它作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Neither of you can do it. 你们两个都不能做这件事。
7 pass v.给；递；走过；通过
1）pass作动词，意为“经过，传递”。
pass sb. sth.= pass sth. to sb.给某人传递某物
pass along 沿……走；路过 pass down 往里走；往前走（在公共汽车上服务员的用语）
pass by 走过（从人或物体）
The school bus passed our garden. 校车经过了我们的花园。
Please pass me the book. 请把书递给我。
2）pass作动词，通过（考试）;及格
Tom can pass his math exam.汤姆通过考试。
3）pass 作名词，意为“关口，通过”。
He has got a pass mark. 他达到了及格标准。
8 borrow v.借；借用
borrow借，借用，lend借给，借出
辨析：borrow/lend/keep
①borrow表示“借入”，即把本来不属于自己的东西借来暂时使用，常与介词from连用。
You can borrow a book from the library. 你可以从图书馆借一本书。
②lend表示“借出”，即把属于自己的东西借给别人暂时使用，常与介词to连用，也可以跟双宾语。
He’s going to lend his bike to Tom.他打算把他的自行车借给汤姆。
You mustn’t lend others my pen.你不能把我的笔借给其他人。
③keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）
You can keep the book for a week.这本是尼克借一周。
9 hate v.厌恶；讨厌
hate 作动词，意为“ 讨厌，憎恨，不喜欢”，后面可跟名词、动词不定式to do 及动词-ing 形式作宾语，通常不用于进行时态。hate 的反义词为love，love的用法与hate 相同，后面也跟名词、动词不定式to do 及动词-ing 形式作宾语。
hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, (表示某次具体行为或动作)。
I hate to trouble him.我讨厌去麻烦他。
hate doing sth不愿意做某事(表示经常或习惯性行为或动作)。
She hates smoking in her room.她讨厌在她房间里抽烟。
10 chore n.杂务；乏味无聊的工作
chore杂务；乏味无聊的工作（可数名词）
do chores 做杂事
I don’t like doing chores.我不喜欢做家务。
11 while conj.与…同时；当…的时候；而；然而
1）while作连词时，可以意为“当…时候, 和…同时”。
Our friends arrived while we were having dinner. 当我们吃饭的时候，朋友们来了。
2）while还可作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示两者之间的对比。
I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.我喜欢听音乐，而我的弟弟爱好运动。
辨析：when/while
①when 是at or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间，while是during the time that ,只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
②when说明从句的动作和主句的动作是同时,也可以是先后发生；while则强调主句的动作在从句动
作的发生的过程中或从句两个动作同时发生。
③由when引导的时间状语从句, 主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同
时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,
When the teacher came in , we were talking .当老师进来的时候，我们正在讲话。
当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为
While we were talking , the teacher came in .当我们正在讲话的时候，老师进来了。
④when 和while还可并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而，却”，表对照关系。
The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike .当孩子们听到摩托车的声音时，他们正跑过去搬大米。
He is strong while his brother is weak.他很强壮，但是他的弟弟很虚弱。
12 stress n.精神压力；心理负担
be/get stressed out 紧张；饱受压力 make sb. stressed out 使某人有压力
under the stress of 在…的压力下
I’m stressed out every day.我每天都很紧张。
辨析：pressures/stress
stress和pressure都指 压迫人的力量。物理学上，stress指将物体朝两个不同方向牵引的力；pressure
指将物体朝同一方向推的力。用于人时，stress指由于某种原因而引起的心里，生理或情绪上的紧张。pressure则指强制或促使某种行动的外部压力。因此stress通常为不好的东西；而适当增加pressure有时却是件好事。
Don’t give him anymore stress. 不要给他任何压力。
Do you work well under pressure？你在压力下工作的好吗？
13 waste n.浪费；垃圾；v.浪费；滥用
1）waste 作不可数名词，意为“浪费，废物，垃圾”。a waste of 浪费
I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。
2）waste 作形容词，意为“无用的，浪费的，荒废的”。
We shouldn’t throw waste paper about. 我们不应该乱扔废纸。
A factory is pouring waste water into the river. 一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。
3）waste 作及物动词，意为“浪费”。
waste time/money on sth
waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱
I waste time on sleeping.我把时间浪费在睡觉上。
We shouldn’t waste the time. 我们不应该浪费时间。
14 provide v.提供；供应
provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.= offer sth to sb.供应某人某物
The wetlands provide food and shelters for the birds. 湿地为鸟类提供食物和栖息地。
The parents provide the children with food and clothes. 父母给孩子提供衣食。
辨析：provide/offer/supply
①provide为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供给”
provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物
②offer侧重表示“愿意给予”
offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事
③supply 定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品
supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物
15 anyway adv.而且；加之
anyway 无论如何, 一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开。
16 depend v.依靠；信赖
depend意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等，只用作不及物动词，通常与介词 on, upon 连用，主要用法有
①depend on/upon＋某人或某物
Whether we’ll go camping depends on the weather.我们是否去野营要看天气。
有时可在某人或某物后用介词for。
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.儿童的衣食靠父母。
②depend on /upon＋从句
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
The amount you pay depends on where you live.你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。
③口语中说 It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。
---Are you going too 你也去吗 ---That depends. 那要看情况。
depend on意为“视…而定；取决于；依靠”，其后可跟名词、代词或从句作宾语，on也可以换为upon。
---When shall we start 我们什么时候动身？---It depends on(upon) the weather. 依天气情况而定。
He depended on his uncle after his father died. 父亲去世后，他依靠他的叔叔。
17 develop v.发展；壮大
develop hobbies 培养兴趣爱好
developed country发达国家 developing country发展中国家
18 since conj.因为；既然；从…以后；自…以来
1）since作介词，意为“从…以来; 自从…之后”。（用于一般现在时）
She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。
2）since作连词，可以意为“因为; 既然; 由于”。
Since it is late I shall go home now.由于时间晚了, 我现在要回家了。
Since you are so sure of it he’ll believe you.既然你对此这么有把握, 他会相信你的。
19 neighbor n.邻居
拓展：neighborhood四邻；四周 in the neighborhood 在四邻
I’m popular with my neighbors .我很受邻居的喜爱。
There are too many trees in the neighborhood.四周有好多树。
20 drop v.落下；掉下
1）落下；掉下丢下
The leaves drop from the tree in autumn . 在秋天树叶从树上落下来 。
The apples dropped from the tree to the ground. 苹果从树上掉到地上。
The flowers are beginning to drop. 花儿开始凋落了。
The ball dropped out of his hand. 球从他手里掉了下来。
2）减少，下降，下跌，减弱：Prices dropped. 物价下跌了。
The wind has dropped. 风势已减弱了。
drop behind落后于，移到…后面 drop by顺便探望 drop off小睡;锐减，下降
drop out of sth退出，脱离，不再参加 drop in on sb看望，到某处一会儿
二、课文对话及原文
1.Conversation
Sister: Tony, could you please help out with a few things
Brother: Could I at least finish watching this show
Sister: No. I think two hours of TV is enough for you!
Brother: Fine. What do you want me to do
Sister: Could you take out the rubbish, fold the clothes and do the dishes
Brother: So much
Sister: Yes, because Mom will be back from shopping any minute now . And she won't be happy if she sees this mess.
Brother: But the house is already pretty clean and tidy!
Sister: Yes, well, it's clean, but it's not “mother clean” !
2.Passage
Last month, our dog welcomed me when I came home from school. He wanted a walk, but I was too tired . I threw down my bag and went to the living room. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .
“Could you please take the dog for a walk ” she asked.
“Could I watch one show first ” I asked.
“No!” she replied angrily. “You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! I can't work all day and do housework all evening.”
“Well, I work all day at school, too! I'm just as tired as you are!” I shouted back.
My mom did not say anything and walked away. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I . Finally, I could not find a clean dish or a clean shirt.
The next day, my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.
“What happened ” she asked in surprise.
“I'm so sorry, Mom. I finally understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home,” I replied.
Dear Sir,
I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. Kids these days already have enough stress from school. They do not have time to study and do housework, too. Housework is a waste of their time. Could we just let them do their job as students They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so there is no need for them to do it now. It is the parents' job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. I do not mind doing them.
Ms. Miller
Dear Sir,
I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. It is not enough to just get good grades at school.
Children these days depend on their parents too much. They are always asking, “Could you get this for me ” or “Could you help me with that ” Doing chores helps to develop children's independence and teaches them how to look after themselves. It also helps them to understand the idea of fairness. Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. Our neighbors' son got into a good college but during his first year, he had no idea how to take care of himself. As a result, he often fell ill and his grades dropped. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
Mr. Smith
三、重要知识点讲解
1 Peter ,could you please take out the trash 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？
1）Could you please do sth 请你（做）.....好吗？
用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。
Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.
肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.；否定回答：Sorry , I can’t
2）take out 取出（v+ adv）
注意：跟代词做宾语，代词放中间； 跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边
take常用短语：
take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走
take back 收回 take place 发生 take off脱下； 起飞
The gift is in the box. You can take it out.礼物在盒子里，你可以取出来。
2 Can you do the dishes？那你可以洗盘子吗？
①do the +名词
do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服
②do the +动词-ing
do the cleaning 打扫卫生
③do one’s + 名词
do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业
④do some +动词-ing
do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物
3 Could I at least finish watching this show 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？
1）Could I do a sth 我可以做.....吗？用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。
Could I go out with my classmate this weekend 这周末我可以和我同学一起出去吗？
2）at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超过
3）finish v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事
4 I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。
1）two hours of TV表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
2）enough足够的，充分的,enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。
Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn’t kind enough to help others.史密斯有足够多的钱，但是他不够善良去帮助别人。
5 …because Mom will be back from shopping any minute now. …因为妈妈随时都会买完东西回来。
any minute now一种常见的口语表达法，相当于“随时；马上；在任何时刻”的意思，表示事情有可能在极短的时间内发生或眼下就要发生。minute还可以用second, moment, time等词替换。
Don't worry, he will come here any minute now. 别担心, 他会马上来这儿。
The guests are arriving any time now but we’re still not ready. 客人即刻就到，但我们还没有准备好。
We’re expecting them any moment now. 我们期待他们随时到来。
6 The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。
1）the minute = as soon as “一...就...”
Please write to me the minute you get there.当你到了那记得给我写信。
2）in front of指在物体外部的前面
拓展：有the无the区别大
at table 吃饭；进餐/at the table 在桌边 in hospital 住院/ in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）
3）come over 过来
come 短语：
come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出
come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于
come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点
come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗
7 You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！
all the time = always 一直；总是
与time相关的短语：
on time 按时 in time 及时 at the same time同时
form time to time偶尔 the first time 第一次 at times 有时
time and time again 一再；经常 last time上次 next time 下次
8 I’m just as tired as you are!我像你一样类累。
as ... as 意为 “和…一样” ，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。其
基本结构为：as + adj./ adv. + as。
This film is as interesting as that one.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。
as … as 的否定形式为 “not as/so + adj./adv. + as”。
He didn’t act as well as you.他表现得不如你好。
9 The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。
1）find +宾语+宾语补足语
find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事
find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很…
find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难
10 She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。
in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地
surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 →surprised adj. 吃惊的
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at对…感到吃惊
11 “ I’m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied. “对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。” 我回答说。
1）need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。
①人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事
②物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done
用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词
①needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要
②need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t
---Must I go there now ---Yes，you must/No, you needn’t我现在必须去那吗？---是的，你必须去/不，不需要。
2）share sth 分享或共用某物 share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物
12 Could I invite my friends to a party 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？
invite sb. to sp. 邀请某人去某地 invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事
You should refuse his invitation .你应该拒绝他的邀请。
We invited him to join us to practice speaking English.我们邀请他加入我们练习英语。
He invited a lot of friends to come to his birthday party.他邀请了很多朋友去他的生日聚会。
13 I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。
make sb. do sth 让某人做某事 make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物…”
make you happy让你高兴 make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事
与make相关的短语
make sure 确信 make a dialogue编对话 make a mistake犯错误
make a noise吵闹 make faces做鬼脸 make friends (with)和..交朋友
make room for给..让地方 make tea沏茶 make money赚钱
make a decision作出决定 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生
make fun of = laugh at 取笑
14 They don’t have time to study and do housework，too 他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。
have time to do sth.有时间做某事have time =be free 有空
I have time to go shopping with you.=I am free to go shopping with you .我有时间和你一起购物。
15 They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。
1）spend... on sth 在某事上花费...
拓展：辨析spend/pay/cost/take
①sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth/sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in）doing sth◆spend on= pay for 支付
He spends too much time on the computer games.他花费了太多的时间玩电脑游戏。
②sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth
I pay 10 yuan for the book.我花了十元买这本书。
③sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱
A new computer costs me a lot of money.一台新电脑花了我很多钱。
④It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.做家庭作业花了我3小时。
2）in order to “目的是；为了”后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了做某事
In order to pass the exam,I study hard.为了通过这次考试，我努力学习。
in order to+动词原形和so as to+动词原形可以转换成in order that+从句和so that+从句。
He did anything in order to make money.= He did anything in order that he could make money.
为了赚钱，他什么都做。
Please go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.=Please go in quietly so that we won’t wake the baby.
请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子。
3）get into =enter 进入
与get相关的短语
get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get dressed穿衣
get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车 get warm 变暧
get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get ready for +n.为…做准备
get ready to do sth.准备做某事 get well康复 get a chance有机会、得到机会
get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡
16 Also,when they get older, they will have to do housework so there’s no need for them to do it now.而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。
get older 长大
辨析：get/ become/ go
①get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。
The days are getting longer and longer.白天变得越来越长。
②become 强调变化的结果
It's becoming colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷。
③go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，
go hungry挨饿
17 ... Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。
1）do one’s part 尽职责；尽本分
Do one’s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责
keep +sth /sb. +adj. “使.....处于某种状态”(keep系动词 “保持” keep + adj)
We must keep healthy.实义动词 “保持；继续”
①keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事
He was in great pain but he kept on working他受了重伤仍然坚持工作。
②keep sb. Doing sth 让某人一直做某事
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 很抱歉让你等了那么长时间。
18 As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped. 结果，他常常生病，功课也落下了。
1）as a result 结果 （插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）
as a result为习惯短语，意为“因此；结果”，在句中作状语。
He didn’t practise, and as a result he lost. 他没有练习，所以输了。
The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didn’t arrive on time.交通十分拥挤，我们没有能准时到达。
拓展：as a result of意为“由于……；作为……的结果”。先交代结果，再用as a result of连接原因。
We can’t go out as a result of the heavy rain. 因为下大雨，我们不能出去。
2）fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡
19 The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。
the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越...越... ”
The harder you study,the better you will be.你学习越努力，你就会变得越棒。
20 It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
此处代词it仅为形式上的主语, 真正的主语是to provide … for their children。我们也可将It is one’s job
to do something.视为一个固定的句型, 表示“做某事是某人的工作(职责等)”
It’s every teacher’s job to explain things clearly to the students.把东西给学生讲明白是每一位老师应做的事情。
21And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 反正我觉得干点家务也不难。
1）anyway是一个副词, 若位于句首, 其后往往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开。anyway在
此句中的作用是追加评论, 相当于汉语的“反正; 仍然; 依然”。
Sam didn’t get the job, but he’s not unhappy because it didn’t pay well anyway.
萨姆没有得到那份工作, 但他并没有闷闷不乐, 反正薪酬也不算高。
2）anyway还可用来表示“不管怎样; 无论如何”之意。例如:
It’s just a cold. But anyway, you should still see the doctor.
这只不过是感冒, 但不管怎样, 你还是应该看看医生。
22 And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess.如果她看到这乱糟糟，她肯定会不开心。
1）本句中if后面的部分是这个句子中的条件状语从句。在以when，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表将来。
I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。
If it doesn’t rain, he will come here on time. 如果不下雨，他会按时来这儿的。
常见的“主将从现”有以下三种情况：
①条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。
When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。
②如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。 例如：
Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。
③如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。
You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。
四、单元语法
Could you please... 句型
1）在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can, could之外，还可以用may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。
Could you help me find my book,please 你能帮我找到我的书吗？
2）对could you/I... 的问句作出肯定回答，常用“sure/certainly/of course”等；如果作否定回答，常用“sorry或oh,please don’t”。 一般不用no开头，用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。
3）表示请求的句式： Would you like to do... Would you mind doing... Let’s do.... Shall I/we do.../
Please do...(祈使句前加please)
提示：could you please...与could I Please...两种问句，前者是请求别人帮忙的句式，后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许的交际用语。
Could you please help me 请你帮我一下好吗？
Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party,Mom 妈妈， 我能邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗？

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