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Unit10 I’ve had this bike for three years
单词短语及重点句型
重点单词 1.yard [jɑ d]n.院子 2.sweet [swi t]adj.甜蜜的；甜的；含糖的 3.memory [ mem r ]n.记忆；回忆 4.cent [sent]n.分；分币 5.toy [t ]n.玩具 6.bear [be ]n.熊 7.maker [ me k ]n.生产者；制订者 8.scarf [skɑ f]n.围巾；披巾；头巾 9.soft [s ft]adj.软的；柔软的 10.check [t ek]v. & n.检查；审查 11.board [b d]n.板；木板 12.junior [ d u n ]adj.地位（或职位、级别）低下的 13.clear [kl ]v.清理；清除 14.bedroom ['bedru m]n.卧室 15.own [ n]v.拥有；有 16.railway [ re l we ]n.铁路；铁道 17.part [pɑ t]v.离开；分开 18.certain [ s tn]adj.某种；某事；某人 19.honest [ n st]adj.诚实的；老实的 20.while [wa l]n.一段时间；一会儿 21.truthful [ tru θf l]adj.诚实的；真实的 22.hometown ['h mta n]n.家乡；故乡 23.nowadays [ na de z]adv.现今；现在；目前 24.search [s t ]v. & n.搜索；搜查 25.among [ m ]prep.在（其）中；…之一 26.crayon ['kre n]n.彩色铅笔（或粉笔、蜡笔） 27.shame [ e m]n.羞耻；羞愧；惭愧 28.regard [r ɡɑ d]v.将…认为；把…视为 29.count [ka nt]v.数数 30.century [ sent r ]n.百年；世纪 31.opposite [ p z t] prep.与…相对；在…对面；adj.对面的；另一边的 32.especially [ spe l ]adv.尤其；特别；格外 33.childhood [ t a ld h d]n.童年；幼年 34.consider [k n s d ]v.注视；仔细考虑 35.hold [h ld]v.拥有；抓住
重点短语 1. these days 目前;现在 2.regard with great interes以极大的兴趣关注着 3.in order to do sth. 为了 4.so far迄今;到现在为止 5.in need需要 6.not.. anymore不再…… 7.welcome to sp.欢迎来到 … : 8.check out察看;观察 9.board games棋类游戏 10.one last thing最后一样东西 11.junior high school初级中学 12.clear out清理 13.no longer不再;不复 14.toy monkey玩具猴 15.part with与...分开 16.to be honest说实在的 17. ride a bike骑自行车 18.have a yard sale进行庭院拍卖会 19.one’s old things某人的旧东西 20.bring back sweet memories勾起甜美的回忆 21.give away 捐赠 22.play for a while 玩一会儿 23.do with... 处置;处理 24.search for work找工作 25.for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里 26.the mid-20th century 20世纪中期 27.stay the same 保持原状 28.according to 依据;按照 29.in one’s opinion 依…看 30.in my time 在我那个年代
常考句型 1. How long have you had that bike over there 那边的那辆自行车你买多长时间了, 2. I’ve had it for three years. 我买它三年了。 3. How long has his son owned the train and railway set 他儿子拥有轨道火车多长时间了。 4. He’s owned it since his fourth birthday. 自从他四岁生日时，他就已经拥有他了。 5. Have you ever played football 你曾经踢足球吗。 6.As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest，I have not played for a while now.至于我，我不想放弃我的足球衣。但是，说实在 的，我现在巳经有一段时间没有踢(足球)了。 7.Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things 你是否曾经想过要举办一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西？ 8.What would you do with the money you raise 你会怎么处理你所筹集到的钱？
一、单词讲解
1 yard n.院子
school yard 校园 in the yard 在院子里 yard sale 庭院拍卖会
Jeff’s family is having a yard sale.杰夫家正在举办庭院拍卖会。
2 sweet adj.甜蜜的；甜的；含糖的
1）adj.甜的，甜蜜的，愉快的，美好的，温柔的，亲切的，芳香的
2）n.糖果，甜食，餐后的甜点心，甜味，宝贝(可数)
There are few things quite as sweet as revenge.几乎没有比复仇更爽的事情了。
I have many sweets , do you want one 我有很多糖果，你要一颗吗？
3 memory n.记忆；回忆
memory “记忆，回忆”（可数名词）
in one's memory 在某人的记忆里 in memory of sb. 纪念某人
This visit will always remain in my memory.这次参观将永远保存在我的记忆中。
拓展：memorize v.回忆
The boy can memorize the date easily.这个男孩非常容易就可以记住日期。
4 bear n.熊
1）bear作名词，表示“熊”
There are too many bears in the forest .森林里有许多熊。
2）bear作动词，表示“出生”（bear- bore -born）
I was born in Nanping on May 24th 2002.我2002年5月24出生在南平。
3）bear作动词，表示“忍受”
can’t bear=can’t stand无法忍受
A couple are ringing up so much credit card debt that they toss the bills asidebecause they can't bear to open them.一对夫妻的信用卡大量超限，由于无法面对，于是把账单丢在一边。
5 maker n.生产者；制订者
maker是名词，意为“生产者；制造者”，是由“动词make + 后缀-r”构成的。英语中，表示职业或身份的名词小结
①以-ist结尾的有：
pianist钢琴家 chemist化学家 violinist小提琴家 physicist物理学家 scientist科学家
②以-er，-r或-or结尾的有：
teacher教师 painter画家 writer作家 singer歌唱家 visitor参观者
actor演员 engineer工程师 inventor发明家 professor教授 reporter记者
③以-man结尾的有：
postman邮递员 policeman警察 businessman商人 spaceman宇航员 fisherman渔夫
dustman清洁工
④以-ian结尾的有：
musician音乐家 politician政治家
6 check v. & n.检查；审查
1）check out 观察，察看
He checked to make sure.他核查无虞 。
2）结账离开，（打卡）下班
The woman checked out this afternoon.这个女性今天下午打卡下班了。
7 junior adj.地位（或职位、级别）低下的
junior high school 初级中学
My daughter is 16 and my boy is already in junior high school.我女儿今年16岁，我的儿子已经读初中。
拓展：senior adj. 级别（或地位）高的
senior high school高中 a senior scholar 一位资深的学者
8 clear v.清理；清除
1）v. 清理；清除 （强调动作）
We are clearing the street of snow.我们正在清理街上的雪。
2）adj. 清晰的；明显的；清楚的
The picture was clear and sharp . 照片非常清晰。
clear out 清理；丢掉
We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms.我们已经把卧室里的很多东西清理干净了。
9 own v.拥有；有
1）own形容词，表示“自己的，特有的”
one's own +n. “某人自己的....”
I saw the whole accident with my own eyes.我亲眼看到这次事故的全过程。
2）own代词，表示“属于自己的”
of one's own某人自己的 on one's own单独地；独立地
拓展：owner n. 物主；所有人；主人 ownership n. 所有权；主权
10 part v.离开；分开
1）part作名词，表示“部分”
a part of 多指一小部分 take part in 参加某一活动
Do you want to take part in Tom’s birthday party 你想要去参加汤姆的生日派对吗？
2）part作动词，表示“离开；分开”
part with 放弃，交出（尤指不舍得的东西）=give up
part from“分开，离开”多用于人； 后接表示人的n. / pron.
She parted the curtains . 她把窗帘拉开。
11 certain adj.某种；某事；某人
certain作形容词，意为“某种；某事；某人”。
He decided to sell his certain books. 他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。
拓展：certain作形容词，意为“确定的；无疑的”，相当于sure，对应的副词为certainly。certain常用
于以下结构中：
be certain / sure of sth.对某事有把握 be certain / sure to do sth.肯定做某事
be certain / sure + that从句 确信…
They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。
I’m certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会成功的。
12 honest adj.诚实的；老实的
to be honest说实在的 (插入语) = actually说实在的; 实际上= in fact
I’d like to stay healthy , but to be honest , I only eat food that tastes good.我想保持身体健康，但是说实话，我只吃味道好的。
13 while n.一段时间；一会儿
1）while作连词，表示“与…同时；当…的时候；而；然而”
While we were talking , the teacher came in.当我们讲话的时候，老师进来了。
2）n. 一段时间 a while = some time
after a while 一会儿之后 in a while 不久；马上 for a while 暂时 once in a while 有时；偶尔
I have not played for a while now .我还没玩一会儿。
14 search v. & n.搜索；搜查
1）search作动词，表示“搜查”
辨析search 与 search for
①search强调“搜查”，后直接跟地方或人，表示“在什么地方搜索或搜某人的身”
They searched him.他们对他进行了搜身。
②search for其后直接跟要寻找的人或事物
They are searching for him.他们正在找他。
2）search n. “寻找，搜查”
She went into the kitchen in seach of of a drink.她一口气喝完了一杯酒，走进了厨房。
15 among prep.在（其）中；…之一
among prep. “在其中； ....之一”，用于三者或三者以上的情况，常见用法：
1）用来引出最高级的比较范围
The book is the most interesting among the books.这本书是这些书中最有趣的一本。
2）相当于one of，常与最高级连用。
Yokohama is among (one of ) the largest seaports in the Far East.横滨是远东最大的海港之一。
辨析：among与 between 区别
①among一般用于三者或三者以上的“在…中间”，其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数意义的名词或代词。
from among 意为“从…中”， one among a thousand 意为“千里挑一的人，罕见，优秀的人”
among + the first/last 或最高级形容词时，意为“one of …”
She sat among the children.她坐在孩子中间。
②between一般指两者之间，其宾语往往是一个具体数目的人（物），或者是由and连接的两个具体的人（物）。当and连接三者或三者以上的人（物）而仍然强调两者的并列时，常用between 。如：The hospital lies between a river and hills .
between ourselves只限于咱俩之间（不得外传） between the lines字里行间
far between稀少 in between介于…之间 between two fires进退维谷，左右为难
I am sitting between my parents.我坐在父母中间。
16 shame n.羞耻；羞愧；惭愧
1）shame让人遗憾的事（可数）
It's a shame (+that从句) 真遗憾....
What / That's/ It's a shame! 多可惜啊！
It's a shame to do sth. 做某事真是遗憾
It's a shame you can't stay with us.你不能和我们待在一起真是遗憾。
2）shame （因做错事而感到）羞愧；惭愧”（不可数名词）
to one's shame 令某人感到惭愧的是 in shame 羞愧地
To my shame, I never thanked him for his kindness.让我感到惭愧的是，我从没向他表示感谢。
17 regard v.将…认为；把…视为
regard…as…= treat…as…= consider…as…= look on…as… 把…看作…
Mrs Green regards the students as her children.格林太太把她的学生当成她的孩子。
18 count v.数数
1）count vt. “点.....的数目，计算”
count in 把....计算在内 count up计算，算出总数
I started to count the stars I could see.我开始数我可以看到的星星。
2）count n. “计数，计算”
He made a rapid count of those who were late.他迅速地数了一下迟到的人。
19 century n.百年；世纪
1）the +序数词+ century “某一世纪”
2）in the +年份的复数形式/ 年份的所有格 “在...世纪...年代”
Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century.20世纪中期开始，孩子们就在我原来的小学里学习阅读和数数。
20 opposite prep.与…相对；在…对面；adj.对面的；另一边的
1）prep. 与…相对;在…对面 = across from
The bank is in the opposite of the hospital.
2）adj. 对面的；另一边的
on the opposite side of sth.在对面
3）n. 相反的人或事物
“Tall” is opposite of “short”.高的反义词是反。
21 consider v.注视；仔细考虑
1）consider v. “注视”
He stood there, considering the painting.他站在那，注视着那幅画。
2）consider v. “仔细考虑” 相当于think about,其后接n. / pron./ v-ing/ that.../ 疑问词+to do作宾语。
consier doing sth 考虑做某事
I'm considering changing my job.我正在考虑换工作。
22 hold v.拥有；抓住
hold up 举起，阻挡
He held up his hand in amazement.他高兴地举起他的手。
hold on 抓住，继续，坚持
He held on to the rock to stop himself slipping.他抓住岩石不让自己滑倒。
hold out 伸出；伸手
How long can we hold out against these attacks 我们能抵御这些攻击多久？
二、课文对话及原文
1.Conversation
Linda: Welcome to the Sunshine Home for Children. I'm Linda.
Amy: Hi, I'm Amy. I have some things for the kids. I've had this magazine for a couple of months. The stories inside may be a bit old, but they're still interesting.
Linda: Great! Many children here love reading.
Amy: And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.I've had them since I was a child. There's also a sweater and a dress.
Linda: Perfect! We always need toys and clothes.
Amy: One last thing is a bread maker. My mom's had it for a long time but it still works.
Linda: Thanks so much!
2.Passage
My children are growing up fast. My daughter is 16 and my boy is already in junior high school. As they get bigger, our house seems to get smaller. So we want to sell some of our things in a yard sale and give the money to a children's home.
We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms.We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.My son was quite sad at first. Although he has not played with his old toys for a long time, he still wanted to keep them. For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven.And he did not want to lose his toy monkey, either.
He slept next to the monkey every night when he was a child. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys.
As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now.I am getting older, too!
Hometown Feelings
Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.
Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father.He has lived in Wenzhou for the last 13 years. With a hard job in a crayon factory, he doesn't find much time to visit his hometown. “I used to return home at least once a year, but I haven't been back for almost three years now. It's a shame, but I just don't have the time, ” he says.
Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.Among these is Zhong Wei,a 46-year-old husband and father.He has lived in Wenzhou for the last 13 years. With a hard job in a crayon factory, he doesn't find much time to visit his hometown. “I used to return home at least once a year, but I haven't been back for almost three years now. It's a shame, but I just don't have the time,” he says.
“I noticed that's true of my hometown, ” adds Zhong Wei.“Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid -20th century.But now the buildings are really old. I hear they're going to builda new school there.” Zhong Wei thinks such developments are good, and he also knows that his hometown cannot always stay the same.
According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change.“In my hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school.It is still there and has become quite a symbol of the place. Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree, especially during the summer holidays.
It was such a happy childhood. Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts.”
三、重要知识点讲解 .?
1 You can also give old things away to people in need.你也能捐赠旧东西给那些需要的人们。
in need 需要；需求
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情
拓展：in danger 在危险中 in trouble在困境中 in silence 在沉默中
in good health 在好的健康状态中
2 Because I don’t read it anymore.因为我不用再读了。
辨析：no more/no longer不再
①no longer=not… any longer强调时间或动作“不再延续” , 与延续性动词连用
He can no longer walk. = He can’t walk any longer.他再也不能走路了。
②no more=not...any more强调数量和程度“不再增加” , 与非延续性动词连用
当修饰动词时,no longer通常置于be或行为动词前;no more一般置于行为动词后。
③not... any longer与not... any more常置于句末。
The little girl no more cried.=The little girl didn’t cry any more.这个女孩再也不哭了。
3 Because I’ve had it since I was a baby. 因为自从我很小的时候我就有它了。
since +从句（一般过去时），主句用现在完成时
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他就一直努力学习。
辨析：since 与for
①for与表示一段时间的词连用，表示“做某事多长时间了”，常用于现在完成时，表示从过去某时开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。for所在句子中的动词是延续性动词。
I've lived in China for two years. 我住在中国两年了。
I've known him for more than twenty years. 我认识他20多年了。
②since作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。
I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。
I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。
③since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。
She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。
4 I’ve had this magazine for a couple of months.我拥有这本杂志已经几个月了。
a couple of 几个；一些= a few 后接可数名词复数
a couple of “一对” ,尤指夫妻、情侣
I’ll be back in a couple of days.几天后我就回来了。
5 What will they do with the money they raise from the sale 他们要用卖东西筹集来的钱做什么？
辨析：do with/deal with
①do with “处理；安置”，强调处理的对象，常与what连用
I don’t know what to do with these letters.我不知道怎么去处理这些信件。
②deal with“处理；应付”，强调处理的方式、方法，常与how连用
He taught me how to deal with pressure.他教我怎么去处理压力。
6 We can often guess what a text is about by using what we already know.我们通常可以用原有的知识来猜测一篇文章写的是什么。
by的用法
①by doing sth 通过…方式 by studying with a group通过小组学习
介词短语作方式状语，回答以how开头的问句， 表示“怎样做”。
② by+ 交通工具（交通工具前不能加限定词）
by bike骑车 by train坐火车
③短语：
by the way 顺便问一下 by accident= by chance 偶然地 by mistake 错误地
one by one 一个接一个 step by step 一步一步地 little by little 逐渐地
by the time 到……为止 by oneself 独自地 by and by 不久之后
by hand 用手 by the end of 到….... 末尾
7 However , others may only see it once or twice a year.但是，其他的人或许一年只能看到一两次。
once or twice 一两次
once = one time一次 twice= two times 两次
三次或三次以上用：“基数词+times”
three times 三次 four times 四次 three or four times 三到四次

8 I used to return home at least once a year, but I haven’t been back for almost three years now. 过去我至少一年回一次家，但是我差不多三年没有回去了。
1）return v 回；返回
He returned home yesterday.他昨天回家。
return v 归还；放回
He returned her book.他把书还过来。
2）be back 返回 （强调状态，若表示“回到某地” 则要在其后加介词to）
We are all happy to be back to school after the long holiday.长假过后，我们开心的返回学校。
9 a 46-year-old husband and father一个46岁的帅气爸爸
46-year-old是复合形容词，这种形容词有两个特点：一是词与词之间要用连字符连接；二是数词之后的名词用单数形式。
a three-meter-long line一条三米长的绳子
拓展：岁数的表达方式小结：
①基数词 + years old。
He is 8 years old.他八岁了。
基础词-year-old。
Lucy is an eighteen-year-old girl. Lucy是一位18岁的女孩。
③名词 + of + 基础词。
Tom is a boy of 18. Tom是一位18岁的男孩。
④at the age of + 基数词。例如：
She is at the age of 18. 她18岁了。
10 How long have you had that bike over there 你拥有这辆车多久了？
how long意为“多长时间”，询问某一动作或状态持续了多久，故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或
表示状态的连系动词。
How long do you watch TV 你看电视多长时间了？
How long can I keep the book 这本书我可以借多久？
辨析：how long; how often; how soon的辨析：
how long 表示“多长时间”，主要对时间段提问。 ---How long is he staying 他打算待多久？---He’s staying for a week. 他打算一个星期。
how often 表示“多久一次”，主要对频率进行提问。 ---How often do you watch TV 你多久看一次电视？---Twice a week. 一周两次。
how soon 意为“还要多久”，多用在一般将来时中。 ---How soon will he be back 他要多久才回来？---In an hour. 一小时以后。
11 Amy thinks it’s hard to sell her old things.艾米觉得把她的旧东西卖出去很难。
It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是…的”，to do sth.为句子的真正的主语，而it为形式主语，形式主语不能用别的词来代替，句中可在形容词后加for sb.，意为“对于某人来说，做某事是…的”。
It’s important for us to learn a foreign language. 对我们来说，学习一门外语是相当重要的。
It’s necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。
拓展：这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别：
①在It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意为“对某人来说”，句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的，形式主语只能用it。
It’s necessary for the students to do some housework. 对于学生们来说，做些家务是十分必要的。
②在It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人…”，句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构，即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.（某人）的。例如：
It’s very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。
12 But he also thinks some things will never change, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories.但是他觉得有些东西永远不变，他的家乡任然会承载着他的儿童的记忆。
这是一个复合句，some things至句末为宾语从句，作thinks的宾语。在该宾语从句中包含由and连接的两个分句，在第二个分句中，“that holds all his childhood memories”是定语从句，修饰先行词place。关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。当定语从句的先行词指物时，关系代词可用that或which，当关系代
词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词that或which也可省略。
I like clothes that/which are unusual. 我喜欢与众不同的衣服。
Pass me the book(that/which) you bought for me yesterday. 把你昨天给我买的那本书递给我。
四、单元语法
现在完成时 （3）
1）概念： 现在完成时过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，也可以表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
2）时间状语：
①just, already, yet, ever, recently, before, twice, three times, so far, up to now, till now
②since+（过去时间) 时间点, since +一段时间+ ago, 与since +从句（从句用一般过去时），since yesterday, since last week, since last spring, since 1949, since half an hour ago, since I became a teacher
③for+一时间段,for an hour, for two days, for three weeks ,for four months, for five years
④in the last few hours, in the last few days, in the last few years
3）谓语构成：have/has + 过去分词
4）用法说明：
①表示过去某个时间发生的动作对现在的影响或结果，常与just, already, yet, recently, before, twice, three times等时间状语连用，
I have seen the film already. 我已经看过那部电影了。(现在我知道电影的内容了。)
Have you seen my bag 你看到我的手提包了吗 (你知道它在哪里 )
②表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，并且有可能继续延续下去，常与“since+时间点”，“for+一时间段”，及how long, (ever) since, ever, before, so far, in the last/ past few years, up to now, till now等时间状语连用。
She has been a dancer for ten years. 她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。
We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。
So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。
His father has worked in that factory since 1991. 他爸爸自1991年以来都在这家工厂工作。
I’ve had a cold since last Friday. 自上星期五起我就感冒了。
Jim has waited there since half an hour ago.吉姆自半个小时前就已经在那里等候了。
I’ve known her since I came to work here.自从我来这里工作就认识他了。
注意：非延续性动词 leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow 等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与 for 或 since 等引导的时间段连用。但其在否定式是可与这类时间状语连用的。
如：I haven’t met him for two years. 我两年没有遇见他了。
⑤瞬间动词不可以用于有段时间的现在完成时态中，因此，若要解决这一问题，就应把它改为相应的延续性动词或短语，主要有以下几种：
Ⅰ.用相应的延续性动词, 如：
buy → have borrow → keep become → be begin to teach →teach
put on →wear catch a cold →have a cold get to know →know
hear from / receive a letter →have a letter
Ⅱ.转换成be+名词, 如：
join → be a member of go to school → be a student
Ⅲ.转换成be+形容词或副词, 如：
die →be dead leave →be away begin/ start →be on finish/ end/ over →be over
fall asleep →be asleep open →be open close →be closed get up →be up
get ready →be ready get married →be married
Ⅳ.转换成be+介词短语, 如：
come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach …→ be in/at…
join the army → be in the army (军队)
I have borrowed the book.我已经借了那本书。
I have kept the book for two days.我已经借那本书两天了。
Jim has joined the band.吉姆已经加入那乐队了。
Jim has been a member of the band for a month.吉姆已经加入那个乐队一个月了。
His grandfather has died.他祖父已经死了。
His grandfather has been dead for 2 years.他祖父已经死了两年了。
My father has arrived in China.我父亲已经到达中国了。
My father has been in China for a week.我父亲已经在中国一个星期了。
Ⅴ.在否定句中，非延续性动词也可以与时间段连用。
I haven’t borrowed books from the library since last year. 自去年以来我就没有在图书馆借过书。
Jim hasn’t come back for a year. 吉姆已有一年没回来了。
⑥表示从过去到现在曾经经历过的事情或反复发生的动作，常常和never，ever，once，twice，three times，before等连用。
He has ever been to the Paris twice.他曾经去过巴黎两次。（反复发生）
We have visited the park before.我们以前曾去过那个公园。（过去的经历，但现在依然记得）
⑦用于This/That/It is the first(second…) time that…句型中。
It is the second time that she has come to China. 这是她第二次来中国。
This is the third time that I have written to my father. 这是我第三次写信给我父亲。
This is the fourth time that she has won the first prize. 这是她第四次赢得一等奖。
⑧用于This/That/It is +the+形容词最高级+名词+that…句型中。
That’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。
Yao Ming is the tallest player that I have ever seen.姚明是我见过的最高的运动员。
Messi is the greatest player that we have seen. 梅西是我见过的最棒的运动员。
This is the best film that he has made. 这是他制作的最好的电影。
⑨have gone to与have been to
Ⅰ.have gone to到...去了，关键是人已离开出发地，至于到达目的地了没有则无从知道。
Jack is away on holiday. He has gone to France.杰克去度假，他到法国去了。
Ⅱ.have been to到...去过，关键是到过某地，而且又已经离开了那个地方。
Mr Chen is back home from holiday. He has been to Beijing. 陈先生度假回来了，他去了北京。
⑩用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。
I will wait until he has written his letter. 我会一直等到他把信写完。
If I have finished my homework, I will go with you. 如果我完成了我的作业，我就跟你去。
It is/has been + 一段时间 + since从句
It is/has been a month since Jim came back. 吉姆回来已经有一个月了。
It has been two years since he joined the army. 他参军有两年了。
It has been three weeks since she lost her job. 她失业三星期了。
一段时间 + has passed + since从句
Three years has passed since I saw him last time. 我上次见到他至今已有三年。
Four Months has passed since he left home. 他离开家四个月了。
Almost three years has passed since the earthquake took place. 地震发生至今已有近三年。
A month has passed since the game finished. 比赛结束一个月了。
5）现在完成时的几种常见的句型转换 现在完成时可以转化成一般过去时，还可以转化成“It is/has been +时间段+since从句(用一般过去时)”或“时间段+has passed+since从句”等句型。
Jim has been back for a month.吉姆已经回来一个月了。
= Jim came back a month ago.吉姆一个月前就回来了。
= It is/has been a month since Jim came back.自吉姆回来已经有一个月了。
= A month has passed since Jim came back. 自吉姆回来一个月已经过去了。
6）一般过去时和现在完成时
①一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“主语+ have/ has + 动词的过去分词”。 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
②一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now，in 2002 等； 而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
③现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。
I have washed the car. 我洗过了车。（看上去很漂亮）
I washed the car a moment ago. 我刚才洗过车了。
She has watered the flowers. 她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）
She watered the flowers yesterday. 她昨天浇的花。
I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已经写好了，但还没有寄出。
I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago. 我上周写的那封信，3天前寄出的。
④现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。
It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了5个小时了。
It rained for five hours yesterday. 昨天下了5个小时的雨。
He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了。
He waited for her two hours and then went home. 他等她等了两个小时，然后就回家了。
I have reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我已经复习了两课。（说话时还在上午）
I reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我复习了两课。（说话时已是下午或晚上）

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