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专题05 七选五
（一）
（2024届 . 北京海淀区 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won't be polluted. But it wasn't always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. __35__
Social media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algorithms designed to maximize attention represent to teens have become impossible to ignore. Other product design elements, often called “dark patterns,” designed to keep people using for longer, also appear to tip young users into social media overuse. __36__ They say it's their users' fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech.
__37__ Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don't do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make.
Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can't, or won't, solve these safety problems on their own. __38__Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic. __39__
A. And those problems aren't going away.
B. The current issues aren't really about offline suffering.
C. Platforms already have systems to remove violent or harmful content.
D. Similarly, social media needs product safety standards to keep users safe.
E. It's time we should require social media to take safety seriously, for everyone's sake.
F. Internet platforms, however, have shifted blame on the consumers whenever criticized.
G. Some authorities are taking steps to hold social media platforms accountable for the content.
【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. A 39. E
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了社交媒体存在风险，平台常推卸责任，欧洲已实施相关法规，而线上安全问题引发线下痛苦，且社交媒体公司难以独自解决，人们也越来越难以远离社交媒体。故选A。
【35题详解】
此段讲述的是其他产品都有安全标准，接着提到社交媒体的风险无处不在，说明社交媒体也需要产品安全标准来保护用户安全，D 选项符合文意。故选D。
【36题详解】
根据后文“They say it's their users' fault for engaging with harmful content...”可知，这里是在说互联网平台在受到批评时总是将责任推给消费者，F 选项符合文意。故选F。
【37题详解】
后文提到“Under the Digital Services Act...”，说明一些权威机构正在采取措施让社交媒体平台对其内容负责，G 选项符合文意。故选G。
【38题详解】
此段首先提到两个明确的事情，接着说明这些问题不会消失，A 选项符合文意。故选A。
【39题详解】
最后一段提到随着社会越来越依赖网络，让任何人（甚至青少年）远离社交媒体变得不太现实，所以为了每个人的利益，是时候要求社交媒体认真对待安全问题了，E 选项符合文意。故选E。
（二）
（2024届 . 北京西城区 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most of us are actually terrible at giving gifts. About $70 billion worth of presents are returned every year in the U. S. ____35____ Here are three ways to improve your gift-giving game around the holidays.
Stop trying to make your gifts so delightful. ____36____ We want something from giving: those looks of delight. Those exclamations. This is why items like hyper-specific kitchen gadgets and fancy vintage clocks all seem like fantastic gifts. But it turns out, recipients often want things that are far more practical — things they can actually use.
____37____ Just give people what they ask for. A study looked at Amazon wish lists to determine if people were more appreciative of gifts from the list versus gifts that were total surprises. It turned out that people who got gifts that weren’t on their list considered them as less thoughtful and less personal. ____38____
How can we create a gift-giving plan that is as emotional as we desire Humans love to feel connected. And one way we do that is by sharing interests with others. So if you want to learn how to give better gifts, put yourself in the recipient’s shoes and try to think of something you both share. Maybe it’s the love for a sport, drinking wine, or some other hobby. ____39____ And because you picked something you share, they will feel more connected to you and appreciate your gift more.
A. So how do we get less terrible
B. Surprise is overrated — we’re happier to get what we ask for.
C. So what's the most practical gift you can give that people might actually be grateful for
D. The long-term pleasure of the receiver may not be observed and therefore is discounted.
E. Once you’ve found a shared interest, go and find a useful gift related to this interest.
F. What recipients care about is how much value they’re going to get from the gift over a longer time period.
G. Research has shown that givers are consumed by the moment of unwrapping a gift even more than the gift itself.
【答案】35. A 36. G 37. C 38. B 39. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了三种提高送礼技巧的方法。
【35题详解】
上文“About $70 billion worth of presents are returned every year in the U. S.(在美国，每年大约有价值700亿美元的礼物被退回)”提到，在美国，每年大约有价值700亿美元的礼物被退回，下文“Here are three ways to improve your gift-giving game around the holidays.(这里有三种方法可以提高你在节日期间送礼物的技巧)”提到有三种方法可以改善上述问题，故A项“那么，我们如何才能不那么糟糕呢？”承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
【36题详解】
根据下文“We want something from giving: those looks of delight. Those exclamations.(我们想从给予中获得某些东西：那些快乐的表情。那些惊呼)”可知，此处是描述送礼者的心理，G项“研究表明，送礼者更喜欢拆开礼物那一刻的感觉，而不是礼物本身”符合语境，故选G。
【37题详解】
根据下文“Just give people what they ask for.(送人们他们想要的东西就好)”以及“It turned out that people who got gifts that weren’t on their list considered them as less thoughtful and less personal.(结果发现，那些收到不在清单上的礼物的人会认为这些礼物不够体贴、不够有个性)”可知，送给人们他们想要的东西就好，收到意外的礼物会让人觉得不够体贴，不够有个性，所以本段是说如何送最适合的礼物，C项“那么，你能给别人的最实用的礼物是什么呢？”符合语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
根据上文“A study looked at Amazon wish lists to determine if people were more appreciative of gifts from the list versus gifts that were total surprises. It turned out that people who got gifts that weren’t on their list considered them as less thoughtful and less personal.(一项研究调查了亚马逊的愿望清单，以确定人们是更喜欢清单上的礼物，还是那些完全出乎意料的礼物。结果发现，那些收到不在清单上的礼物的人会认为这些礼物不够体贴、不够私人)”可知，人们收到不在清单上的礼物时会认为这些礼物不够体贴，即人们喜欢收到清单上的礼物，而不是惊喜，B项“‘惊喜’这个因素被高估了——我们更乐于得到我们相要的东西”符合语境，故选B。
【39题详解】
上文“put yourself in the recipient’s shoes and try to think of something you both share. Maybe it’s the love for a sport, drinking wine, or some other hobby.(设身处地为收礼者着想，试着想一些你们共同拥有的东西。也许是对一项运动、喝酒或对其他爱好的热爱)”提到，站在收礼物的人的角度去想一些共同的爱好，结合下文“And because you picked something you share(因为你选择了你们共有的东西)”可知，空处是说找到共同的爱好后选择与之相关的礼物，E项“一旦你们找到了共同的兴趣，就去找一份与这个兴趣相关的有用的礼物”符合语境，故选E。
（三）
（2024届 . 北京东城区等五区 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
“Find your passion!” When discussing future career options or selecting a major in college, your parents often say this. The very expression is meant to inspire. But is it good advice
“Finding” a passion implies that it already exists and is simply waiting to be discovered. Unfortunately, this idea is not what science tells us. ___35___
To study this, researchers use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets.They argue that encouraging people to “find” their passion may cause them to eventually believe that interests and passions are inborn and relatively unchangeable. ___36___ In contrast, people who view interests and passions as developed have a growth mindset of interest.
Researchers have revealed that a fixed mindset of interest can decrease creativity. If people believe they are limited to only a few inborn interests and, in consequence, do not explore other areas, they may miss seeing important connections across domains. ___37___
Evidently, people can do a lot to embrace a growth mindset of interest. First, realize that your interests and passions aren’t pre-existing. Take an active role in developing your passions. Second, practise positive self-talk. When you lack interest in a new task, pay attention to your inner dialogue. ___38___For example, change “I’m not interested in this” to “I’m not interested in this yet, but I know that interest can develop with time and engagement.”
___39___But a growth mindset of interest will help you remain open and curious. The science tells us we should work toward loving what we do. We might become more creative and resilient as a result.
A. So can a growth mindset of interest be taught
B. Instead passions, like interests, are developed.
C. People who think this have a fixed mindset of interest.
D. Of course, not every activity will become a burning passion.
E. As such,seeing interests as fixed limits their creative potential.
F. Don’t expect that pursuing new interests will always be easy or exciting.
G. Replace self-critical thoughts with positive ones that encourage growth and learning.
【答案】35. B 36. C 37. E 38. G 39. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章批判了“找到你的激情”这个观点，认为激情是培养出来的，要秉持兴趣成长型心态，这会帮助你保持开放和好奇，有助于培养激情。
【35题详解】
根据上文““Finding” a passion implies that it already exists and is simply waiting to be discovered. Unfortunately, this idea is not what science tells us.(“找到”激情意味着它已经存在，只是在等待被发现。不幸的是，科学并没有告诉我们这个想法)”可知，科学表明“激情”并非存在某个地方，等待被发现；由此可知，激情是需要培养的。B项“Instead passions, like interests, are developed.(相反，激情和兴趣一样，是需要培养的)”符合题意。故选B。
【36题详解】
根据上文“They argue that encouraging people to “find” their passion may cause them to eventually believe that interests and passions are inborn and relatively unchangeable.(他们认为，鼓励人们“找到”自己的激情可能会使他们最终相信兴趣和激情是天生的，相对来说是不可改变的)”推知，相信激情和兴趣是可以找到的人，大有可能认为激情和兴趣是不可改变的，即他们有一种固定的兴趣心态。C项“People who think this have a fixed mindset of interest.(这么想的人有一种固定的兴趣心态)”符合题意，this指代上文“believe that interests and passions are inborn and relatively unchangeable”。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据上文“If people believe they are limited to only a few inborn interests and, in consequence, do not explore other areas, they may miss seeing important connections across domains.(如果人们认为他们只局限于一些天生的兴趣，因此不去探索其他领域，他们可能会错过跨领域的重要联系)”可知，如果人们认为他们只局限于一些天生的兴趣，他们可能会错过跨领域的重要联系；空处位于段末，应对上文进行总结。E项“As such, seeing interests as fixed limits their creative potential.(因此，将兴趣视为固定的限制了他们的创造潜力)”符合题意，creative potential呼应上文explore other area。故选E。
【38题详解】
根据下文“For example, change “I’m not interested in this” to “I’m not interested in this yet, but I know that interest can develop with time and engagement.”(例如，将“我对这个不感兴趣”改为“我对这个还不感兴趣，但我知道兴趣会随着时间和投入而发展。”)”可知，当我们对某个东西不感兴趣时，要用积极的想法代替消极的想法。G项“Replace self-critical thoughts with positive ones that encourage growth and learning.(用鼓励成长和学习的积极想法取代自我批评的想法)”符合题意，下文是对选项的举例说明。故选G。
【39题详解】
根据下文“But a growth mindset of interest will help you remain open and curious. The science tells us we should work toward loving what we do. We might become more creative and resilient as a result.(但兴趣的成长型心态会帮助你保持开放和好奇。科学告诉我们，我们应该努力去热爱我们所做的事情。因此，我们可能会变得更有创造力和耐力)”中的But可知，空处内容与下文为转折关系。D项“Of course, not every activity will become a burning passion.(当然，并不是每一项活动都会成为一种燃烧的激情)”符合语境，虽然并非每项活动都会成为激情，但保持兴趣成长型心态有助于让人们保持开放和好奇。故选D。
（四）
（2024届 . 北京石景山区 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
About 40% adults and 19% children in the US are obese (肥胖的). Obese people are at increased risk of many serious diseases, including high blood pressure and heart disease. ____35____ If you are suffering from these, here’s a way of losing weight that you can try.
Dietary “self-monitoring” is a common strategy. It involves recording what they consume, and how much. The theory is that when thinking of what you put in your body, you’ll make healthier decisions. ____36____ There’s no doubt that dietary self-monitoring has been shown to help lose weight. However, not much is known about how long this takes or how often it should be done.
____37____ Recently, researchers studied obese individuals in otherwise good health who participated in a 24-week weight control program... They recorded their daily dietary intake using an online program. The findings demonstrated that people who continued to record their food intake daily for 24 weeks lost more weight compared to those who quit noting their intake. People who lost at least 10% of their weight recorded their food intake about 3 times a day. ____38____ Researchers noted people might have greater success with weight loss if they recorded their dietary intake about three times a day, rather than recording all of their meals in one sitting.
A good principle to follow may be “write when you bite”. Dietary self-monitoring can be performed in different ways — using an online program, using a pencil or using smart-phone applications. ____39____
A. Can it really be that easy
B. It is important to find what works for you.
C. Thus, long-term weight loss takes time and effort.
D. The risk factors that determine obesity can be complex.
E. In comparison, those who recorded less daily lost less weight.
F. Obesity is also associated with a lower life quality and poor mental health.
G. Study shows the more often you log your eating, the more weight you might lose.
【答案】35. F 36. A 37. G 38. E 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在美国，肥胖问题非常严重，肥胖也给人们带来许多负面影响，文章推荐了饮食“自我监控”作为减肥的方法。
【35题详解】
根据前文“Obese people are at increased risk of many serious diseases, including high blood pressure and heart disease.(肥胖的人患许多严重疾病的风险增加，包括高血压和心脏病。)”可知，此处是指肥胖带来的负面影响，所以选项F“肥胖还与较低的生活质量和较差的心理健康有关。”切合文意。故选F。
【36题详解】
根据后文“There’s no doubt that dietary self-monitoring has been shown to help lose weight. However, not much is known about how long this takes or how often it should be done.(毫无疑问，饮食自我监控已被证明有助于减肥。然而，人们并不知道这需要多长时间或多久应该做一次。)”可知，此处是指前文中提到的方法是不是真的那么容易，所以选项A“真的有那么容易吗？”切合文意。故选A。
【37题详解】
根据后文“The findings demonstrated that people who continued to record their food intake daily for 24 weeks lost more weight compared to those who quit noting their intake.(研究结果表明，连续24周每天记录食物摄入量的人比不记录摄入量的人减掉的体重更多。)”可知，此处是指研究表明记录饮食的频率越高，减重就可能越多，所以选项G“研究表明，你越频繁地记录你的饮食，你可能减掉的体重就越多。”切合文意。故选G。
【38题详解】
根据前文“People who lost at least 10% of their weight recorded their food intake about 3 times a day. (体重减轻至少10%的人每天记录三次他们的食物摄入量。)”和前文“The findings demonstrated that people who continued to record their food intake daily for 24 weeks lost more weight compared to those who quit noting their intake.(研究结果表明，连续24周每天记录食物摄入量的人比不记录摄入量的人减掉的体重更多。)”可知，此处是指记录饮食频率高低对减肥影响的对比，所以选项E“相比之下，那些每天记录较少的人减掉的体重较少。”切合文意。故选E。
【39题详解】
根据前文“Dietary self-monitoring can be performed in different ways — using an online program, using a pencil or using smart-phone applications.(饮食自我监控可以通过不同的方式进行——使用在线程序，使用铅笔或使用智能手机应用程序。)”可知，此处是指选择适合自己的记录方式，所以选项B“找到适合你的方法是很重要的。”切合文意。故选B。
（五）
（2024届 . 北京房山区 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The beginning of the Year of the Dragon has foreshadowed a “Song of Ice and Fire” with the emergence of Sora, a text-to-video AI model. Videos generated by Sora display strong consistency when it comes to characters and backgrounds, and support continuous shots of up to 60 seconds, including highly detailed settings and multiple camera angles. ___35___
However, film insiders noted that currently, AI-generated 60-second videos cannot support the creation of a full-length movie, and the idea that AI tools will “bomb” the film and television industry is so far unfounded. Meanwhile, experts say not to worry excessively, as the integration of AI will help optimize certain occupations, attract more innovative talents and bring new possibilities to the film and television industry. ___36___
From the age of film stock to the digital age, from practical effects to digital effects, from 2D to 3D, Sora, like any technological revolution in the century-long history of film, will improve production efficiency, update production and may even create new genres and trends in filmmaking. ___37___ Students learning film production can view Sora as a helpful assistant to unleash their sci-fi imagination.
Facing the panic signals that AI tools will threaten the global film industry, film insiders argued that the fundamental DNA of film is art and that human creativity cannot be replaced. ___38___ Many directors, screenwriters, and actors achieve great works by continuously integrating personal emotions and life experiences. This kind of individual creativity cannot be imitated by machines like Sora.
___39___ However, just as the invention of printing did not replace literature or the invention of photography did not replace painting, Sora and its subsequent updates and upgrades will not replace film because the core of these art forms is creativity, which is a unique aspect of human thought.
A. With OpenAI’s iteration speed, producing AI videos dozens of minutes long is not far off.
B. It is also likely to be incorporated into film and television education and training in the future.
C. Film and television are closely linked to technological advancements, which stimulate creativity.
D. Sora will undoubtedly prompt changes in existing industrial production and may even replace some jobs.
E. Sora is undoubtedly “more of an opportunity than a challenge” for the global film and television industry.
F. Creativity and film production requires the integration of emotional experiences and individual memories.
G. This implies that with just a text description, ordinary people using Sora may be able to become “great directors”.
【答案】35. G 36. E 37. B 38. F 39. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了工智能模型Sora对电影产业的影响，但专家表示Sora不会取代人类。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Videos generated by Sora display strong consistency when it comes to characters and backgrounds, and support continuous shots of up to 60 seconds, including highly detailed settings and multiple camera angles.”（Sora生成的视频在人物和背景方面显示出强大的一致性，并支持长达60秒的连续拍摄，包括高度详细的设置和多个相机角度。）可知，选项承接上文说明使用Sora的意义。故G选项“这意味着，只要一个文本描述，使用Sora的普通人就可能成为“伟大的导演”。故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Meanwhile, experts say not to worry excessively, as the integration of AI will help optimize certain occupations, attract more innovative talents and bring new possibilities to the film and television industry.”（与此同时，专家表示不必过度担心，因为人工智能的整合将有助于优化某些职业，吸引更多创新人才，并为影视行业带来新的可能性）可知，选项承接上文说明Sora给影视业带来了机会大于挑战。故E选项“对于全球影视业来说，Sora无疑‘与其说是挑战，不如说是机遇’”切题。故选E项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“Students learning film production can view Sora as a helpful assistant to unleash their sci-fi imagination.”（学习电影制作的学生可以将Sora视为一个有用的助手，以释放他们的科幻想象力。）可知，Sora可能会被应用于影视教育和培训，成为学生一个有用的助手。故B选项“ 它也有可能在未来被纳入影视教育和培训”切题。故选B项。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Facing the panic signals that AI tools will threaten the global film industry, film insiders argued that the fundamental DNA of film is art and that human creativity cannot be replaced.”（面对人工智能工具将威胁全球电影产业的恐慌信号，电影业内人士辩称，电影的基本DNA是艺术，人类的创造力是不可替代的）和下文“Many directors, screenwriters, and actors achieve great works by continuously integrating personal emotions and life experiences. This kind of individual creativity cannot be imitated by machines like Sora.”（许多导演、编剧和演员通过不断融合个人情感和生活经历来创作伟大的作品。这种个人创造力是Sora这样的机器无法模仿的）可知，选项承接上文说明人类的创造力是不可替代的原因且要引出个人情感和生活经历对伟大作品创作的重要性。故F选项“创意和电影制作需要情感体验和个人记忆的整合”切题。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据下文“However, just as the invention of printing did not replace literature or the invention of photography did not replace painting, Sora and its subsequent updates and upgrades will not replace film because the core of these art forms is creativity, which is a unique aspect of human thought.”（然而，正如印刷术的发明没有取代文学，摄影术的发明也没有取代绘画一样，Sora及其后续的更新和升级也不会取代电影，因为这些艺术形式的核心是创造力，这是人类思想的一个独特方面。）可知Sora不会取代电影、让人失去岗位，下文与选项为转折关系说明毫无疑问，Sora肯能促使变化，取代某些岗位。故D选项“Sora将促使现有工业生产发生变化，甚至可能取代一些工作岗位”切题。故选D项。
（六）
（2024届 . 北京延庆 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you want to be a cognitive superager when you are old Just as you take steps towards a future-proofing body, you can enhance your brain’s resilience to age-related disease by boosting cognitive reserve.
Andrew Sommerlad, an associate professor of psychiatry, discovers the power of cognitive reserve in studies of older people who show signs of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症) in their brains. ____35____ Actually, three years ago, colleagues of Sommerlad had also published findings from Study of Ageing. They showed that higher levels of cognitive reserve are associated with lower levels of dementia.
____36____ The strong cognitive reserve is helpful to stave off symptoms of brain changes associated not just with dementia but with other brain diseases. It also helps you to function better for longer when facing unexpected life events as you get older.
How do you improve it The younger you implement things that will bolster it, the better. For example, you can do tasks that challenges your brain ability, like crosswords, reading, giving impromptu speech and critical thinking. ____37____ So, do mind-body practices like yoga, Tai Chi or meditation to reduce stress is also important. This can help you balance the periods of mental demand and relaxation.
____38____ ideally, seven to nine hours is optimal for enhancing cognitive reserve. Start by improving your sleep hygiene with steps such as avoiding electronic screens.
Cognitive reserve is developed through a lifetime of education, curiosity and persistence. ____39____
A. Its effects are wide reaching.
B. Additionally, maintain regular sleep patterns.
C. So plan ahead to make sure you keep cognitively busy and engaged!
D. There are ways you can improve sleep, for both young and old people.
E. It suggests that developing a good cognitive reserve can be powerfully protective.
F. However, thinking too hard for too long may wear you out, hurting cognitive reserve.
G. They cope better with pathological (病理上的) changes, the higher their powers of cognitive reserve.
【答案】35. G 36. A 37. F 38. B 39. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是我们可以过增强认知储备来增强大脑对与年龄有关的疾病的抵御能力。
【35题详解】
根据空后的“They showed that higher levels of cognitive reserve are associated with lower levels of dementia.(他们发现，认知储备水平越高，痴呆症的发病率就越低)”可知，研究人员发现认知储备水平越高，痴呆症的发病率就越低。选项G“They cope better with pathological (病理上的) changes, the higher their powers of cognitive (他们的认知能力越强，就能更好地应对病理性变化)”与下文内容保持一致，指的是当有阿尔茨海默氏症迹象的老年人认知能力越强，就能更好地应对病理性变化。故选G。
【36题详解】
空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“The strong cognitive reserve is helpful to stave off symptoms of brain changes associated not just with dementia but with other brain diseases. It also helps you to function better for longer when facing unexpected life events as you get older.(强大的认知储备有助于延缓大脑变化的症状，这些变化不仅与痴呆症有关，而且与其他脑部疾病有关。随着年龄的增长，当你面对意想不到的生活事件时，它还能帮助你更好地运作更长时间)”可知，本段主要讲述的是强大的认知储备所带来的影响是各个方面的。选项A“Its effects are wide reaching.(它的影响是广泛的)”与本段内容相符。故选A。
【37题详解】
根据上文内容“For example, you can do tasks that challenges your brain ability, like crosswords, reading, giving impromptu speech and critical thinking.(例如，你可以做一些挑战你大脑能力的任务，比如填字游戏、阅读、即兴演讲和批判性思维)”可知，上文建议我们可以做一些挑战大脑能力的任务。选项F“However, thinking too hard for too long may wear you out, hurting cognitive reserve.(然而，太长时间的苦思苦想可能会让你精疲力竭，损害认知储备)”是上文内容的延续，指出太长时间的思考会损害认知储备，从而自然引出空后的“So, do mind-body practices like yoga, Tai Chi or meditation to reduce stress is also important.(因此，做瑜伽、太极或冥想等身心练习来减轻压力也很重要)”指出，长时间思考会损害认知储备，所以应该做瑜伽、太极或冥想来减压。故选F。
【38题详解】
根据空后“ideally, seven to nine hours is optimal for enhancing cognitive reserve. Start by improving your sleep hygiene with steps such as avoiding electronic screens.(理想情况下，7到9小时是增强认知储备的最佳时间。从改善睡眠卫生开始，比如避免使用电子屏幕)”可知，下文讲述的是要保证睡眠。选项B“Additionally, maintain regular sleep patterns.(另外，保持规律的睡眠模式)”与下文内容一致，指的是我们要保持规律的睡眠模式。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Cognitive reserve is developed through a lifetime of education, curiosity and persistence.(认知储备是通过一生的教育、好奇心和毅力发展起来的)”可知，本段是文章的总结，指出认知储备需要一生的教育、好奇心和毅力。选项C“So plan ahead to make sure you keep cognitively busy and engaged!(所以提前计划，确保你在认知上保持忙碌和投入)”是上文内容的延续，指出认知储备需要一生的教育、好奇心和毅力，所以我们应该提前计划。故选C。
（七）
（2024届 . 北京门头沟 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
More than a quarter have to enlarge the font size on their mobile phone so they can read it clearly. ____35____ Meanwhile, 28% regularly squint (眯眼看) at the screen. And all of them are signs of eye disorder.
“The research has shown our eyes are not designed to be fixed on a single object for a long time, especially smaller laptops or smart devices. ____36____ Even worse, staring at the screen constantly can lead to dry eye syndrome,” says Giles Edmonds, a clinical service director.
Dry eye syndrome is a condition where the eyes do not make enough tears, or the tears evaporate too quickly. Here are some simple solutions to prevent eye strain and irritation, and preserve your eye health overall.
Rest your eyes.
Follow the 20:20:20 rule, looking up from your screen every 20 minutes and look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. ____37____ It in turn reduces eye tiredness.
Adjust your workstation.
Change your screen settings to ensure that the brightness and contrast are balanced correctly, as well as making fonts larger. Also, be mindful of how your workstation is positioned. Adjust your screen ensuring it is 15—20 degrees below eye level and around 50—70 cm away from the eyes. ___38___
Reduce glare (眩光).
____39____. Try reducing this by attaching an anti-glare screen to your monitor or laptop to avoid external light shining onto the screen. Glasses wearers can also have lenses treated with an anti-glare coating.
A. People should try to reduce the time spent on the screen.
B. One can read his favorite paper books instead of e-books.
C. Half confess they’re forced to enlarge images to see them clearly.
D. Another thing to focus on is to make sure your room is properly lit.
E. Looking into the distance helps relax the focusing muscles of your eyes.
F. Reflections on your computer screen can cause glare and lead to eye fatigue.
G. They may feel uncomfortable, painful, tired and even start to itch (发痒) or burn.
【答案】35. C 36. G 37. E 38. D 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了长时间使用小屏幕设备对眼睛造成的危害，并提供了一些预防眼睛疲劳和刺激、保护眼睛健康的简单方法。
【35题详解】
根据空前“More than a quarter have to enlarge the font size on their mobile phone so they can read it clearly. (超过四分之一的人不得不把手机上的字体放大，这样才能看得清楚)”以及空后“Meanwhile, 28% regularly squint(眯眼看) at the screen. (与此同时，28%的人经常眯着眼睛看屏幕)”可知，空前空后都是“And all of them are signs of eye disorder. (这些都是眼部疾病的征兆。)”。选项C“Half confess they’re forced to enlarge images to see them clearly. (一半的人承认他们被迫放大图像才能看得清楚)”与空前空后内容相一致，指的都是眼部疾病的征兆。故选C。
【36题详解】
根据空后内容“Even worse, staring at the screen constantly can lead to dry eye syndrome (更糟糕的是，一直盯着屏幕会导致干眼症)”可推测，空处指的应该是盯着屏幕会给眼睛带来损伤。选项G“They may feel uncomfortable, painful, tired and even start to itch (发痒) or burn. (他们可能会感到不舒服、疼痛、疲倦，甚至开始发痒或灼烧)”与下文内容一致，指的都是长时间盯着屏幕会让眼睛受损。故选G。
【37题详解】
根据空前内容“Follow the 20:20:20 rule, looking up from your screen every 20 minutes and look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. (遵循20:20:20规则，每20分钟从屏幕上抬起头，看向20英尺以外的地方至少20秒)”可知，此处具体介绍可以遵循的用眼规则。选项E“Looking into the distance helps relax the focusing muscles of your eyes. (看远处有助于放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是看远处可以放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉，同时引出下文“It in turn reduces eye tiredness. (从而减少眼睛疲劳)”。故选E。
【38题详解】
根据上文内容“Change your screen settings to ensure that the brightness and contrast are balanced correctly, as well as making fonts larger. Also, be mindful of how your workstation is positioned. Adjust your screen ensuring it is 15-20 degrees below eye level and around 50-70 cm away from the eyes. (更改屏幕设置以确保亮度和对比度正确平衡，并使字体更大。此外，要注意工作站的位置。调整你的屏幕，确保它比眼睛低15—20度，离眼睛大约50—70厘米)”可知，上文提到了调整工作站，包括调整屏幕的位置和亮度等，而合适的照明环境也是保护眼睛的重要因素之一。选项D“Another thing to focus on is to make sure your room is properly lit. (另一件需要注意的事情是确保你的房间光线充足)”提醒读者还要注意照明环境，以全面保护眼睛健康，与本段内容相符。故选D。
【39题详解】
根据小标题“Reduce glare(眩光) (减少炫光)”可知，本段建议我们要减少炫光。选项F“Reflections on your computer screen can cause glare and lead to eye fatigue. (电脑屏幕上的反光会引起眩光，导致眼睛疲劳)”提到了电脑屏幕引起的眩光问题，从而自然引出下文“Try reducing this by attaching an anti-glare screen to your monitor or laptop to avoid external light shining onto the screen.(试着在你的显示器或笔记本电脑上安装一个防眩光屏幕，以避免外部光线照射到屏幕上。)”，以与本段内容相一致。故选F。专题05 七选五
（一）
（2024届 . 北京海淀区 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won't be polluted. But it wasn't always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. __35__
Social media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algorithms designed to maximize attention represent to teens have become impossible to ignore. Other product design elements, often called “dark patterns,” designed to keep people using for longer, also appear to tip young users into social media overuse. __36__ They say it's their users' fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech.
__37__ Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don't do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make.
Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can't, or won't, solve these safety problems on their own. __38__Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic. __39__
A. And those problems aren't going away.
B. The current issues aren't really about offline suffering.
C. Platforms already have systems to remove violent or harmful content.
D. Similarly, social media needs product safety standards to keep users safe.
E. It's time we should require social media to take safety seriously, for everyone's sake.
F. Internet platforms, however, have shifted blame on the consumers whenever criticized.
G. Some authorities are taking steps to hold social media platforms accountable for the content.
（二）
（2024届 . 北京西城区 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most of us are actually terrible at giving gifts. About $70 billion worth of presents are returned every year in the U. S. ____35____ Here are three ways to improve your gift-giving game around the holidays.
Stop trying to make your gifts so delightful. ____36____ We want something from giving: those looks of delight. Those exclamations. This is why items like hyper-specific kitchen gadgets and fancy vintage clocks all seem like fantastic gifts. But it turns out, recipients often want things that are far more practical — things they can actually use.
____37____ Just give people what they ask for. A study looked at Amazon wish lists to determine if people were more appreciative of gifts from the list versus gifts that were total surprises. It turned out that people who got gifts that weren’t on their list considered them as less thoughtful and less personal. ____38____
How can we create a gift-giving plan that is as emotional as we desire Humans love to feel connected. And one way we do that is by sharing interests with others. So if you want to learn how to give better gifts, put yourself in the recipient’s shoes and try to think of something you both share. Maybe it’s the love for a sport, drinking wine, or some other hobby. ____39____ And because you picked something you share, they will feel more connected to you and appreciate your gift more.
A. So how do we get less terrible
B. Surprise is overrated — we’re happier to get what we ask for.
C. So what's the most practical gift you can give that people might actually be grateful for
D. The long-term pleasure of the receiver may not be observed and therefore is discounted.
E. Once you’ve found a shared interest, go and find a useful gift related to this interest.
F. What recipients care about is how much value they’re going to get from the gift over a longer time period.
G. Research has shown that givers are consumed by the moment of unwrapping a gift even more than the gift itself.
（三）
（2024届 . 北京东城区等五区 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
“Find your passion!” When discussing future career options or selecting a major in college, your parents often say this. The very expression is meant to inspire. But is it good advice
“Finding” a passion implies that it already exists and is simply waiting to be discovered. Unfortunately, this idea is not what science tells us. ___35___
To study this, researchers use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets.They argue that encouraging people to “find” their passion may cause them to eventually believe that interests and passions are inborn and relatively unchangeable. ___36___ In contrast, people who view interests and passions as developed have a growth mindset of interest.
Researchers have revealed that a fixed mindset of interest can decrease creativity. If people believe they are limited to only a few inborn interests and, in consequence, do not explore other areas, they may miss seeing important connections across domains. ___37___
Evidently, people can do a lot to embrace a growth mindset of interest. First, realize that your interests and passions aren’t pre-existing. Take an active role in developing your passions. Second, practise positive self-talk. When you lack interest in a new task, pay attention to your inner dialogue. ___38___For example, change “I’m not interested in this” to “I’m not interested in this yet, but I know that interest can develop with time and engagement.”
___39___But a growth mindset of interest will help you remain open and curious. The science tells us we should work toward loving what we do. We might become more creative and resilient as a result.
A. So can a growth mindset of interest be taught
B. Instead passions, like interests, are developed.
C. People who think this have a fixed mindset of interest.
D. Of course, not every activity will become a burning passion.
E. As such,seeing interests as fixed limits their creative potential.
F. Don’t expect that pursuing new interests will always be easy or exciting.
G. Replace self-critical thoughts with positive ones that encourage growth and learning.
（四）
（2024届 . 北京石景山区 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
About 40% adults and 19% children in the US are obese (肥胖的). Obese people are at increased risk of many serious diseases, including high blood pressure and heart disease. ____35____ If you are suffering from these, here’s a way of losing weight that you can try.
Dietary “self-monitoring” is a common strategy. It involves recording what they consume, and how much. The theory is that when thinking of what you put in your body, you’ll make healthier decisions. ____36____ There’s no doubt that dietary self-monitoring has been shown to help lose weight. However, not much is known about how long this takes or how often it should be done.
____37____ Recently, researchers studied obese individuals in otherwise good health who participated in a 24-week weight control program... They recorded their daily dietary intake using an online program. The findings demonstrated that people who continued to record their food intake daily for 24 weeks lost more weight compared to those who quit noting their intake. People who lost at least 10% of their weight recorded their food intake about 3 times a day. ____38____ Researchers noted people might have greater success with weight loss if they recorded their dietary intake about three times a day, rather than recording all of their meals in one sitting.
A good principle to follow may be “write when you bite”. Dietary self-monitoring can be performed in different ways — using an online program, using a pencil or using smart-phone applications. ____39____
A. Can it really be that easy
B. It is important to find what works for you.
C. Thus, long-term weight loss takes time and effort.
D. The risk factors that determine obesity can be complex.
E. In comparison, those who recorded less daily lost less weight.
F. Obesity is also associated with a lower life quality and poor mental health.
G. Study shows the more often you log your eating, the more weight you might lose.
（五）
（2024届 . 北京房山区 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The beginning of the Year of the Dragon has foreshadowed a “Song of Ice and Fire” with the emergence of Sora, a text-to-video AI model. Videos generated by Sora display strong consistency when it comes to characters and backgrounds, and support continuous shots of up to 60 seconds, including highly detailed settings and multiple camera angles. ___35___
However, film insiders noted that currently, AI-generated 60-second videos cannot support the creation of a full-length movie, and the idea that AI tools will “bomb” the film and television industry is so far unfounded. Meanwhile, experts say not to worry excessively, as the integration of AI will help optimize certain occupations, attract more innovative talents and bring new possibilities to the film and television industry. ___36___
From the age of film stock to the digital age, from practical effects to digital effects, from 2D to 3D, Sora, like any technological revolution in the century-long history of film, will improve production efficiency, update production and may even create new genres and trends in filmmaking. ___37___ Students learning film production can view Sora as a helpful assistant to unleash their sci-fi imagination.
Facing the panic signals that AI tools will threaten the global film industry, film insiders argued that the fundamental DNA of film is art and that human creativity cannot be replaced. ___38___ Many directors, screenwriters, and actors achieve great works by continuously integrating personal emotions and life experiences. This kind of individual creativity cannot be imitated by machines like Sora.
___39___ However, just as the invention of printing did not replace literature or the invention of photography did not replace painting, Sora and its subsequent updates and upgrades will not replace film because the core of these art forms is creativity, which is a unique aspect of human thought.
A. With OpenAI’s iteration speed, producing AI videos dozens of minutes long is not far off.
B. It is also likely to be incorporated into film and television education and training in the future.
C. Film and television are closely linked to technological advancements, which stimulate creativity.
D. Sora will undoubtedly prompt changes in existing industrial production and may even replace some jobs.
E. Sora is undoubtedly “more of an opportunity than a challenge” for the global film and television industry.
F. Creativity and film production requires the integration of emotional experiences and individual memories.
G. This implies that with just a text description, ordinary people using Sora may be able to become “great directors”.
（六）
（2024届 . 北京延庆 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you want to be a cognitive superager when you are old Just as you take steps towards a future-proofing body, you can enhance your brain’s resilience to age-related disease by boosting cognitive reserve.
Andrew Sommerlad, an associate professor of psychiatry, discovers the power of cognitive reserve in studies of older people who show signs of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症) in their brains. ____35____ Actually, three years ago, colleagues of Sommerlad had also published findings from Study of Ageing. They showed that higher levels of cognitive reserve are associated with lower levels of dementia.
____36____ The strong cognitive reserve is helpful to stave off symptoms of brain changes associated not just with dementia but with other brain diseases. It also helps you to function better for longer when facing unexpected life events as you get older.
How do you improve it The younger you implement things that will bolster it, the better. For example, you can do tasks that challenges your brain ability, like crosswords, reading, giving impromptu speech and critical thinking. ____37____ So, do mind-body practices like yoga, Tai Chi or meditation to reduce stress is also important. This can help you balance the periods of mental demand and relaxation.
____38____ ideally, seven to nine hours is optimal for enhancing cognitive reserve. Start by improving your sleep hygiene with steps such as avoiding electronic screens.
Cognitive reserve is developed through a lifetime of education, curiosity and persistence. ____39____
A. Its effects are wide reaching.
B. Additionally, maintain regular sleep patterns.
C. So plan ahead to make sure you keep cognitively busy and engaged!
D. There are ways you can improve sleep, for both young and old people.
E. It suggests that developing a good cognitive reserve can be powerfully protective.
F. However, thinking too hard for too long may wear you out, hurting cognitive reserve.
G. They cope better with pathological (病理上的) changes, the higher their powers of cognitive reserve.
（七）
（2024届 . 北京门头沟 . 统考一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
More than a quarter have to enlarge the font size on their mobile phone so they can read it clearly. ____35____ Meanwhile, 28% regularly squint (眯眼看) at the screen. And all of them are signs of eye disorder.
“The research has shown our eyes are not designed to be fixed on a single object for a long time, especially smaller laptops or smart devices. ____36____ Even worse, staring at the screen constantly can lead to dry eye syndrome,” says Giles Edmonds, a clinical service director.
Dry eye syndrome is a condition where the eyes do not make enough tears, or the tears evaporate too quickly. Here are some simple solutions to prevent eye strain and irritation, and preserve your eye health overall.
Rest your eyes.
Follow the 20:20:20 rule, looking up from your screen every 20 minutes and look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. ____37____ It in turn reduces eye tiredness.
Adjust your workstation.
Change your screen settings to ensure that the brightness and contrast are balanced correctly, as well as making fonts larger. Also, be mindful of how your workstation is positioned. Adjust your screen ensuring it is 15—20 degrees below eye level and around 50—70 cm away from the eyes. ___38___
Reduce glare (眩光).
____39____. Try reducing this by attaching an anti-glare screen to your monitor or laptop to avoid external light shining onto the screen. Glasses wearers can also have lenses treated with an anti-glare coating.
A. People should try to reduce the time spent on the screen.
B. One can read his favorite paper books instead of e-books.
C. Half confess they’re forced to enlarge images to see them clearly.
D. Another thing to focus on is to make sure your room is properly lit.
E. Looking into the distance helps relax the focusing muscles of your eyes.
F. Reflections on your computer screen can cause glare and lead to eye fatigue.
G. They may feel uncomfortable, painful, tired and even start to itch (发痒) or burn.

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