资源简介

UNIT5 FIRST AID
知识清单
(
一 ．重点单词
)
1 ．organ n ．(人或动植物的)器官→organic adj.器官的；有机的；不用化肥的
2 ．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n ．少数；少数民族
3 ．electric adj. 电的电动的→electronic adj.电子的→electricity n 电→electrical adj.与电有关的
4 ．swell vi.膨胀；肿胀→swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的
5 ．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→loosely adv.松散地；粗略地
6 ．urge vt.催促； 极力主张； 驱策→urgent adj.紧急的； 急迫的； 急切的→urgently adv.紧急地； 急迫地→urgency n ．紧急；急事；催促
7 ．operate v ．操作；做手术；经营→operator n ．电话接线员；操作员→operation n ．操作；手术 8 ．bleed vi.流血；失血→bleeding n ．流血；失血
9 ．interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰 vt.使暂停；使中断→interruption n ．打断；打扰
10 ．desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的→desperately adv.绝望地；非常
11 ．practice n ．练习；实践；惯例→practical adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的
12 ．tight adj.紧身的；牢固的；绷紧的；严密的 adv.紧紧地；牢固地→tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地 13 ．fog n ．雾；迷惑；困惑→foggy adj.有雾的
(
二．重点短语
)
1 ．sense of touch 触觉
2 ．first and most important 首先也是最重要的
3 ．electric shock 触电；电击
4 ．first aid (对伤患者的)急救
5 ．lead to 导致；通向
6 ．a variety of 各种各样的
7 ．be divided into 被分成
8 ．stick to 坚持；粘住
9 ．make sure 确信；证实
10 ．at once 马上；立刻
11 ．send out 分发；散发；发出(信号、声音、光、热等)
12 ．come into contact 接触
13 ．call for 要求；需要；去接(某人)
14 ．in trouble 陷入困境
15 ．suffer from 忍受；遭受
16 ．help sb. to one's feet 帮助某人站起身来
17 ．face up/down 面朝上(朝下)
18 ．go off 发出响声；爆炸；变质；停止运转；进展
19 ．sleep in 睡过头；迟起；睡懒觉
20 ．out of shape 健康状况不好
21 ．standby 袖手旁观；无动于衷
(
三．重点句式
)
1 ．As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
(as 引导定语从句)
正如你能想象的，被灼烧可能会导致非常严重的损伤
2 ．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
(if 省略结构)
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤的皮肤上，否则都要清除，必要时可使用剪刀。
3 ．If the victim is suffering from second or third degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital
at once.
There is a need to do sth
意为“有必要做某事”
如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，就需要立即送他/她去医院。
(
四．重点词汇详解
)
1 ．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的
背 词 条 用 法 (1)urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事坚决要求/极力主张某人应该做某事(3)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事
背 写 作 佳 句 ① He urged us to raisemoney for the homeless people.他 催 促 我 们 给 无 家 可 归 的 人筹款。②It is urged that people should wear masks to reduce the spread of virus . 坚决要求人们戴口罩来减少病毒的传播。
2． ease vi.&vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 n.容易；舒适； 自在
背 词 条 用 法 (1)ease one's mind 使某人安心 ease the pain/stress/burden 减轻痛苦/压力/负 担(2)at ease 舒适；快 活； 自 由 自在 with ease 轻 易地； 毫不 费力地 feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松 put sb.at ease 使某人放松 take one's ease 休息；轻松一 下
背 写 作 佳 句 ① Schools should take effective measures to ease the burdenof students. 学 校 应 该 采取有效的措施来减轻学生的负担。②(2019·江苏高考书面表达)We feel at ease in ou r school uniforms every day.我们每天穿着校服感到很自在。
3． delay vi.&vt.推迟；延期(做某事) vt .耽误； 耽搁 n． 延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
背 词 条 用法 (1)delay doing sth 推迟做某事(2)without delay 立即； 毫不延迟地
背 写 作 佳句 ①Problems, if any, should ayed telling her the news, 她， 等待适当的时机再说。 be solved without delay .有问题要及时解决。②He del waiting for the right moment.他 没 有 马 上 把 消 息 告 诉
4． panic vi.&vt.(使)惊慌 n.惊恐；恐慌
背 词 条 用法 (1)panic over/about/at ... 因 … … 而 恐慌 panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌 地做某事(2)get into a panic 使陷入惊慌状态 in panic 惊慌失措地
背 写 作 佳句 ①There's no use getting into a panicabout the exams.对考试惊慌失措是没有用 的。②Office workers fled in panic as the fire took hold.火势起来时，办公室人员 惊慌逃出。
5． interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰；打岔； 暂时中断或中止 vt.使暂停；使中断
背 词 条 用 (1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.) (用某事)打断某人/某事 be interrupted by 被 …… 打断(2)without interruption 连续地；不断地
法
背 写 作 佳 句 ①Sorry to interrupt,but there's someone to see you.对不起打扰一下， 有人要见你。 ②The game was interrupted several times by rain.比赛因下雨中断了几次。③She ha s kept up physical training for several years without interruption .她坚持锻炼， 多年 来从未间断。
6． desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的
背 词 条 用法 be desperate for 极想某物 be desperate to do sth. 极想/拼命做某事
背 写 作 佳句 ① He was so desperate fora job and he would have done anything. 他 太 想 找 份工作了， 什么事都愿意干。②I was absolutely desperate to seeher.我极想见到 她。
五．重点语法详解
一 、动词-ing 形式分类
动词-ing 形式包括传统语法中的动名词和现在分词两个内容。动词-ing 形式具有动词的特征， 同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征， 因此
它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。
二、动词-ing 形式的时态和语态
动词-ing 形式 主动语态 被动语态 意义
现在分 词/动 名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动 作同时发生， 或几乎同时发生
完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的 动作发生
三、动词-ing 形式的作用
1. 作状语
现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义
(1)作时间状语相当于 when, while, before, since, as 引导的时间状语从句。
Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.
= When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.
听到这个消息后，他们立即出发去上海了。
(2)作原因状语相当于 because, since, as 引导的原因状语从句。
Not understanding this problem, he asked the teacher about it.
= Because he didn ’t understand this problem, he asked the teacher about it.
因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。
（3）作条件状语相当于 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句。
Behaving yourself, you shall get an award.
=If you behave yourself, you shall get an award.
如果好好表现，你会得到奖品。
(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接 thus。
More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another .
中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
(5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作， 常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。
One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible .
= One evening Harry phoned me, and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible .
一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。
（6）作让步状语相当于 though, although, even if 等引导的让步状语从句。
Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.
=Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.
2. 作定语
(1)及物动词的分词形式作定语
作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、 “being＋过去分词 ”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词； 当被修
饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词 ”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。
①The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine.(2015·北京高考单选)
公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动)
②We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here .
我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行)
③The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .
人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成)
(2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语
作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves 正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves 落叶(表完成)
3 ．动名词作定语
动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。
a walking stick 拐杖 a reading room 阅览室
a sleeping car 卧铺车
3. 作宾语
1)只能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语
下列动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练， 否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 consider ， suggest/advise ， look forward to ， excuse/pardon；admit ， delay/put off， fancy (想象，设想； avoid ， miss ， keep/keep on， practice；deny ， finish ， enjoy/appreciate；forbid ， imagine ， risk；can ’t help (禁不住 ， mind ， allow/permit ， escape。
2) 下列动词短语也要用动名词作宾语：
be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on,
thank ...for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in), look forward to。
①We only missed seeing each other by five minutes .
我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。
②My mother couldn ’t help smiling when she heard the good news .
听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。
3) 既可以接不定式也可以接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语
下列动词或动词短语既可以跟动名词作宾语， 也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：
后接不定式 后接动名词
regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事
remember to do sth.记得要做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
try to do sth.努力/企图做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事
can ’t help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事 can ’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
4. 作宾语补足语
1)现在分词作宾语补足语时，表主动、进行。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.
他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。
2) 非谓语动词作感官动词和使役动词的宾补
(1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, hear, notice 等的宾补有以下形式(以 see 为例)：
① see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事
I saw him leave a few minutes ago .
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
② see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事
The suspect was seen entering the building.
有人看见疑犯进入了大楼。
have/get＋sb./sth.＋doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事
He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.
他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。
3) have sb. doing sth.用于否定句中， 常与 can ’t, won ’t 等连用，表示“ 不能容忍某人做某事 ”。
I won ’t have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。
5. 作主语和表语
动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念， 常用 it 作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It ’s a waste of time
doing ... ；It ’s no use/good doing ... ；It is useless ... doing ... ；There is no ...等中。
①Knowing basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies .
掌握基本的急救技能将会有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速作出反应。
②It is no use complaining without taking action .
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。
③There is no joking about such serious matters .
这样严肃的事开不得玩笑。
(2)动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或 what 引导的名词性从句。
Our job is playing all kinds of music .
我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
六．单元写作重点
你校英文报的“生活常识”专栏， 正在面向全校学生征稿， 请你以 FirstAid 为题写一篇短文投稿， 内 容包括:
1.介绍一项急救常识:
2.实施急救的影响及意义。
注意:1.词数 80 左右;2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
P1:引入话题，点名写作对象
1.无论你多么小心，工作中总会发生事故。
No matter how careful you are, there is always scope for accidents to occur at work.
2 ，急救是在救护车到达之前，在事故现场对受伤或突然生病的人进行的初步援助或治疗。
First aid is the initial assistance or treatment given at the site of accident to someone who is injured or suddenly taken ill, before the arrival of ambulance.
3、虽然目睹这样的事故可能会令人痛苦，但第一个在现场的人的行动是非常重要的。
While witnessing an accident like this can be distressing, the actions of the first person on the scene are hugely important.
P2:急救常识
1 当有人烧伤时，你的首要任务应该是尽快让他们远离热源。
Your first priority when someone suffers from a burn should be to get them away from the heat source as quickly as possible.
2.CPR(心肺复苏)是在心脏停止跳动时进行的一种紧急救生程序。立即进行心肺复苏可以提高存活 的 机 会 。 CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the
heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can improve the chances of survival.
3.首先，我把它头朝下放在我的腿上，让它把水吐出来。
First, I put him head-down on my lap so as to let him spit out the water.
4.然后我让他躺下， 开始以每分钟 100 下的速度给他做心肺复苏术， 以保持血液在体内流动， 让氧 气进入。
Then I laid him down, and began to do CPR at a rate of one hundred presses a minute to keep the blood moving through the body and let oxygen in.
5.最后，我看到婴儿的嘴里冒出了一丝气息。
Finally, I saw a little bit of breath coming out of the baby's mouth.
6.拍打受害者的背部通常能迫使阻塞物排出。
Slapping the victim's back will often force out the obstruction.
P3:实施急救的影响及意义
1.如果没有海伦使用的简单而有效的急救技能，这次坠机的后果可能会严重得多。
Without the simple but effective first aid skills Helen used, the consequences of this crash could have been far worse.
2.简单的动作， 比如按压伤口止血， 就可能意味着生与死的区别。Simple actions, such as applying
pressure to a wound to stop the bleeding, could mean the difference between life and death.
3.斯蒂芬的老师布朗夫人说:“他后来觉得很了不起， 多亏了我们， 他才有信心和技能知道要做什么 --这是非常值得的。 ”
Stephen's teacher Mrs Brown said, "He felt amazing afterwards and it was thanks to us that he had the confidence and skills to know what to do - that's hugely rewarding."
4.实施急救可以帮助减轻情况的严重性，防止健康状况恶化，甚至挽救生命。
Performing first aid can help to reduce the seriousness of a situation, prevent health conditions getting worse and even save a life.
5.此外，掌握基本的急救知识也意味着对急救管理有信心。。
Furthermore, having a basic knowledge of first aid also means that one will be confident in first aid administration.
6.因此，让学生掌握基本的急救技能是非常必要的。
范文欣赏 1
Thus equipping students with basic first aid skills is extremely essential.Getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aids.
First, place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling. Then, dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary. After that, cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. If the victim is suffering from
second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him to the hospital at once.
Performing first aid can help to reduce the seriousness of burns, prevent the conditions getting worse and even save a life.
范文欣赏 2
How to rescue someone from drowning Immediate CPR can improve the chances of survival CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Firstly, put the victim on his back. Next, you can perform mouth to mouth rescue breathing by covering his mouth and blowing air in. And then, do CPR by pushing down on the centre of his chest at a rate of one hundred presses a minute to keep the blood moving through the body and let oxygen in. If you see a bit of breath coming out of his mouth, that means he is alive.
It's a great honour to save a life.Thus equipping people with basic first aid skills is extremely essential.
范文欣赏 3
If you see someone choking, don't panic. Remain calm and react immediately.
First, call the emergency services.Then, make sure that the victim is really choking:A choking person cannot
speak. Slapping the victim's back will often force out the obstruction. If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist. Make a fist with one had and place it in the upper part of his stomach. Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out.
With choking victims, every minute counts. Follow the above steps and you may save a life. We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another's welfare.

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